on how the season shapes mixing patterns in france

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ON HOW THE SEASON SHAPES MIXING PATTERNS IN FRANCE: SOCIAL CONTACT DATA
RELEVANT FOR THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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G. Béraud , S. Kazmierczak , D. Lévy-Bruhl , X. Lenne , N. Mielcarek , Y. Yazdanpanah , D. Guillemot ,
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P.-Y. Boëlle , P. Beutels , N. Hens , B. Dervaux
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Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, EA2694,
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Université Droit et Santé Lille 2, CRESGE, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, Département des Maladies
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Infectieuses, InVS, Saint-Maurice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, INSERM U1019, Institut
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Pasteur de Lille, Lille, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopital Bichat Claude Bernard,
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Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U657), Institut Pasteur, UMR-S 707, INSERM,
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Paris, France, Center for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID),
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Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium, DRCI,
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
Background and aims: Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases helps guiding Public Health policy by
providing information on the spread of infectious diseases. Mixing patterns between individuals have proven
to be valuable to inform such models. Here, we report on a recently conducted contact survey in France
where people reported on their contacts during Winter and Spring.
Methods: Recruiting of participants was made by telephone to obtain defined quotas of age, with an
emphasis on children. Participants had to fill in a paper diary of all contacts during two consecutive days,
with a mix of mix of week day, week end and holidays. Diaries included information on each contact
including age of the contact, gender, location, duration, frequency and touching. Participants were recruited
in 2 waves (Winter/Spring).
Results: Among the 24250 persons called, 3977 were recruited, 2033 effectively participated and 278
participants were common to the 2 waves. Children represented 39.1% of all participants (< 3 yr: 9.2%; 3-5
yr: 8.3%; 6-9 yr: 10.4%; 10-17 yr 11.2%). Coding error and missing data involved 0.17% and 0.4% of data
(10% of diaries were checked), respectively. Participants reported 38881 contacts on 2 days, resulting in a
mean number of contacts (without professional contacts) of 9.56 per day. Differences in the number of
contact were found according to the wave, day of week, holidays, age of participants and household size.
Conclusions: It is the first population based survey conducted in France, and the first to consider 2
consecutive days on 2 different waves.