UE23-EC2-Examen

SERVICE D’ENSEIGNEMENT A DISTANCE DE L’UNIVERSITE DE REIMS
SESSION DE JUIN 2011
UE43 EC2 Anglais
L1 DE PSYCHOLOGIE
Durée : 1 heure 30
Document autorisé : AUCUN
Sujet de M.HOCHART
Behaviorism, John B. Watson, 1924
During the rise of scientific psychology, which lasted from the middle of the
nineteenth to the beginning of this century, Watson breaks definitively with
the subjective psychology of introspection. He proposes an objective psychology
founded on the observation of behavior. He bases himself on a consequence of
Darwinian theory which still provokes hostile reactions when stated as plainly
as Watson does: that human beings are animals.
1. Looking back over the history of the behavioristic movement since it began in overt
form in 1912, it seems hard at first sight to understand why behaviorism has had to
weather such a continuous storm.
2. Behaviorism, as I tried to develop it in my lectures at Columbia in 1912 and in my
earliest writings, was an attempt to do one thing - to apply to the experimental study of
man the same kind of procedure and the same language of description that many
research men had found useful for so many years in the study of animals lower than
man. We believed then, as we do now, that man is an animal different from other
animals only in the types of behavior he displays.
3. I think the forcing of this conviction caused most of the storm. It brought out the
same type of resistance that appeared when Darwin's "Origin of Species" was first
published. Human beings do not want to class themselves with other animals. They are
willing to admit that they are animals but "something else in addition." It is this
"something else" that causes the trouble.
4. Behaviorism, on the contrary, holds that the subject matter of human psychology IS
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE HUMAN BEING. Behaviorism claims that consciousness is neither
a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who has been trained always as an
experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the existence of consciousness goes back to
the ancient days of superstition and magic.
5. The great mass of the people even today has not yet progressed very far away from
savagery - it wants to believe in magic.
6. One example of such a religious concept is that every individual has a SOUL which is
separate and distinct from the BODY. This soul is really a part of a supreme being. This
ancient view led to the philosophical platform called "dualism." This dogma has been
present in human psychology from earliest antiquity. No one has ever touched a soul, or
seen one in a test tube, or has in any way come into relationship with it as he has with
the other objects of his daily experience. Nevertheless, to doubt its existence is to
become a heretic and once might possibly even have led to the loss of one's head. Even
today the man holding a public position dare not question it.
7. With the development of the physical sciences which came with the renaissance, a
certain release from this stifling soul cloud was obtained. A man could think of
astronomy, of the celestial bodies and their motions, of gravitation and the like, without
involving soul.
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I (20 points) :
a) Ecrivez les mots de l'introduction ("During the rise of scientific psychology, ... ... that
human beings are animals.") qui les PREMIERS correspondent aux schémas accentuels
proposés. N'écrivez jamais plus d'un mot par schéma. Il n'y a pas lieu de renseigner tous
les schémas.
( . = syllabe non-accentuee ; O = syllabe accentuée)
1) O . =
2) . O =
3) O . . =
4) . O . =
5) . . O =
6) O . . . =
7) . O . . =
8) . . O . =
9) . . . O =
10) O . . . . =
11) . O . . . =
12) . . O . . =
13) . . . O . =
b)
1 SHIP
6 EYE
11 SHOE
16 BOY
2 BIRD
7 CAR
12 CUP
17 HEAR
3 SHEEP
8 DOG
13 CAKE
18 HAIR
4 HEAD
9 HORSE
14 MOUTH
19 POOR
5 HAT
10 FOOT
15 NOSE
Ecrivez le numéro correspondant à la prononciation de la voyelle accentuée.
Exemple : si SOLUTION se trouvait dans le tableau ci-dessous, il faudrait écrire 11 . En
effet, c'est la deuxième syllabe de "soLUtion" qui est accentuée et le son vocalique
("voyelle") est le même que dans 11 SHOE.
ORDINARY =
MACHINES =
AGREEMENT =
MINORITY =
DISCUSSION=
COMPUTATIONAL =
OPERATION =
MAJORITY =
POSITION =
PRACTICE =
AUTOMATICALLY =
INDICATING =
SPECIALIST =
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II ( 20 points )
a) (6pts) Relevez, dans les phrases ci-dessous, six groupes verbaux noyaux de
proposition et ayant des structures différentes (un changement de temps n'est pas un
changement de structure). Ne donnez qu'un groupe verbal par structure. N'écrivez que le
groupe verbal noyau (ni sujet, ni complément(s)...). Tout élément non verbal entraînera
la nullité de la réponse.
Phrases
If you have seen Embarrassing Bodies – and almost four million people each week watch
it – then you will understand the graphic aptness of its title.
We are trying to find a book to put the original image on.
Some black widows, probably killed, have been delivered to frighten people.
The King's Speech was crossing those barriers too.
She said "this is another clear example of lottery money supporting a great British film
that has further strengthened the global reputation of our homegrown film talent."
The Globes, so often dismissed as a rackety institution, actually did its modest bit to
assert modernity in the movies; this being a world in which human interaction is being
redefined by the internet
It's a smart choice for overall winner. The Social Network was a sleek, hyper-literate, unstereotypical picture which found a way to respond to one of the most important things
happening in all our lives.
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
b) (6pts) Ecrivez les groupes verbaux correspondants. ( MODAL = n'importe quel modal )
PRESENT + (BE >> ing) + (BE >> Participe passé) + KEEP
=>He..................................................................................................................
PASSE + MODAL + (HAVE >> Participe passé) + GET
=>He..................................................................................................................
PRESENT + MODAL + (HAVE >> Participe passé) + (BE >> Participe passé) + BRING
=>He..................................................................................................................
PRESENT + (HAVE >> Participe passé) + (BE >> ING) + CATCH
=>He..................................................................................................................
3
PRESENT + MODAL + (BE >> ing) + FEEL
=>He..................................................................................................................
PASSE + (HAVE >> Participe passé.) + (BE >> Participe passé) + MAKE
=>He..................................................................................................................
c) (4pts) Posez la question portant sur le/les mots entre parenthèses :
Daniel Ezralow had that same idea (a month ago).
The $65m Broadway musical Spider-Man is making (more money).
Kevin Aubin (slammed into the stage).
(Julie Taymor) should be stopped.
d) (4pts) Mettez les phrases suivantes au passif.
Producers have shrouded the hotly anticipated musical.
Natalie Mendoza is playing the principal villain.
The soaring action scenes make the show.
They must sell more tickets.
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