Conférence Psychologie hors des sentiers battus

Conférence Psychologie hors des sentiers battus e
La 4 conférence annuelle Psychologie hors des sentiers battus Les 14 et 15 mai Université d’Ottawa POTB 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS | TABLE DES MATIÈRES A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT OF POTB 2015 .......................................................1 MOT DE BIENVENUE ......................................................................................................2 ABOUT POTB 2015 | À PROPOS DE POTB 2015 ...........................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | REMERCIEMENTS ............................................................4 SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE - THURSDAY MAY 14 | HORAIRE JEUDI 14 MAI ......5 SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE - FRIDAY MAY 15 | HORAIRE VENDREDI 15 MAI....6 DAY 1: THURSDAY MAY 14 | JEUDI 14 MAI ...............................................................7 KEYNOTES | CONFÉRENCIÉS PRINCIPAUX............................................................... 7 RESEARCH IDEA INCUBATOR ..................................................................................... 8 GROUP SYMPOSIA | PRÉSENTATIONS DE GROUPE ................................................ 8 INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: DAY 1 | PRÉSENTATIONS INDIVIDUELLES:
1re JOURNÉE ..................................................................................................................... 9 DEBATE | DÉBATS ......................................................................................................... 15 RESEARCH SPEED NETWORKING + PARTY ............................................................ 15 DAY 2: FRIDAY MAY 15 | VENDREDI 15 MAI ..........................................................17 KEYNOTE SPEAKER | CONFÉRENCIÉ PRINCIPAL.................................................. 17 INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: DAY 2 | PRÉSENTATIONS INDIVIDUELLES:
2e JOURNÉE ..................................................................................................................... 18 POSTERS | PRÉSENTATIONS PAR AFFICHE ............................................................. 22 ROUNDTABLE | TABLE RONDE .................................................................................. 28 INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: DAY 2 (Cont’d) | PRÉSENTATIONS
INDIVIDUELLES: 2e JOURNÉE .................................................................................... 29 DEBATE | DÉBATS ......................................................................................................... 32 WINE & CHEESE CLOSING CEREMONY ................................................................... 32 PRESENTING AUTHORS | LISTE DES CONFÉRENCIERS .......................................33 CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION | COMITÉ ORGANISATEUR ...............................34 A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT OF POTB 2015 Dear Attendee, I would like to personally thank you for coming to this year’s Psychology Outside the Box conference -­‐ POTB 2015. The POTB conference is rooted in the belief that psychological science can be furthered through interdisciplinary collaboration and that such research should be made available to as wide an audience as possible. During the two days of our event, you can expect to meet researchers from various parts of the globe who have come together to share in all things psychology. We invite you to partake in all of the exciting events that have been organized for your enjoyment. This year marks a special year as we have introduced new elements to the conference and expanded upon those that have existed in years past. From our distinguished keynote speakers to our controversial debates to our many stimulating presenters, our lineup will surely invigorate your passion for psychology. For our student and faculty attendees, we have created opportunities to expand research ideas and networks through our Research Idea Incubator and Research Speed Networking events. So, explore, engage, and, most of all, enjoy! Chris Lepage President, POTB 2015 1
MOT DE BIENVENUE Cher participant, cher participante, J’aimerais vous remercier personnellement d’être venu-­‐e assister à cette édition de la conférence Psychologie hors des sentiers battues – POTB 2015. La conférence POTB part de la conviction que la collaboration interdisciplinaire est une source d’enrichissement majeure pour la recherche en psychologie, et que cette recherche doit être rendue disponible au plus grand nombre possible. Tout au long des deux jours de cet événement hors pair, vous aurez l’occasion de rencontrer des chercheur-­‐es de divers endroits à travers le monde venu-­‐es partager leur passion pour la recherche et pour la psychologie. Nous vous invitons à assister à toutes les activités stimulantes qui ont été organisées spécialement pour vous. Nous sommes particulièrement fiers de l’édition de cette année qui introduit de nouvelles activités et développe plus avant l’approche ayant fait le succès de cette conférence jusqu’à présent. De nos distingué-­‐es conférenciers et conférencières invité-­‐
es à nos débats controversés, en passant par nos nombreux présentateurs et présentatrices engagé-­‐es, notre programmation saura sans aucun doute aviver votre passion pour la psychologie. Pour les étudiant-­‐es et les professeur-­‐es, nous avons de plus créé des occasions de développer vos idées et vos réseaux de recherche grâce à notre Incubateur d’idées de recherche et à notre activité de « Speed réseautage » de recherche. Alors: explorez, impliquez-­‐vous, et par-­‐dessous tout, amusez-­‐vous! Chris Lepage Président, POTB 2015 2
ABOUT POTB 2015 | À PROPOS DE POTB 2015 Four years have already come and gone since the very first Psychology Outside the Box conference was held. POTB was created in response to a divide that seemed to exist in psychology as the field attempted to explain phenomena from different and fragmented perspectives, which engendered a sense of separation within itself and from other sciences. With this in mind, the POTB Conference was founded to address psychology in new ways -­‐ outside the box. As such, this event seeks to advance psychology by coalescing its different paradigms, to build bridges with other disciplines, and to make research in psychology more accessible to the public. This year, POTB is reaching further with its goals and has set out to cultivate an interest in psychology from young people by inviting high school students to join this important movement. The POTB conference is a unique opportunity for its participants to build a broader scientific community and to foster interdisciplinary collaboration. We hope you will enjoy its offerings as much as we have enjoyed creating this event for you! Il y a 4 ans déjà, la conférence Psychologie hors des sentiers battus connaissait sa première édition. À l’origine, cette conférence est née en réponse au constat que le domaine de recherche de la psychologie est aujourd’hui fragmenté : non seulement plusieurs paradigmes s'affrontent-­‐ils pour expliquer le même phénomène, mais elle s’est aussi dissociée des autres disciplines, notamment des autres sciences sociales, dans un effort pour s'imposer comme science. Compte tenu de ces circonstances, la Conférence POTB a été fondée afin d’aborder la psychologie par de nouvelles voies, hors des sentiers battus. Elle cherche à faire progresser la psychologie vers une réarticulation de ses différents paradigmes, à établir des ponts avec d'autres disciplines, et à rendre la recherche en psychologie plus accessible au grand public. Cette année, elle s’est également donné pour mission de cultiver l’intérêt des jeunes envers la recherche en psychologie en accueillant des étudiant-­‐es du secondaire. La conférence POTB est une occasion unique pour ses participant-­‐es de bâtir une représentation élargie de leur communauté scientifique et de la collaboration interdisciplinaire. Nous espérons que vous apprécierez sa programmation autant que nous avons apprécié la monter ! 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | REMERCIEMENTS We would like to acknowledge the help of the Peer-­‐Review Committee members for their dedication and great work throughout the reviewing process. Each abstract was reviewed by three different blind reviewers using a standardized scoring grid. We also want to sincerely thank the professors who participated in the review process: Andra Smith, Martin Lalumière, Mathieu Gagnon, and Martine Lagacé. Nous aimerions souligner la contribution des membres du comité d’évaluation par les pairs, leur dévouement et l’excellence de leur travail tout au long du processus d’évaluation. Chaque résumé soumis fut évalué anonymement par trois évaluateurs à partir d’une grille standardisée. Nous voudrions remercier chaleureusement les professeur-­‐es ayant participé au processus d’évaluation : Andra Smith, Martin Lalumière, Mathieu Gagnon, and Martine Lagacé. 4
SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE -­‐ THURSDAY MAY 14 | HORAIRE JEUDI 14 MAI Time Activity Room 8:00 – 10:00 Registration FSS Foyer 10:00 – 10:30 Introduction FSS 4007 10:30 – 12:00 Keynote: Dr. Kathleen Vohs The Meaning of Money, Beyond Pragmatics FSS 4007 12:00 – 1:30 Lunch FSS Foyer & FSS Terrasse 12:30 – 1:15 Research Idea Incubator FSS 2045, 2048, 2049 1:30 – 2:30 Group Symposia 1: The complex role of emotions in stress: A discussion of multiple approaches to understanding their relationship(s) Group Symposia 2: Une analyse des symboles musicaux et des approches pédagogiques dans les méthodes d’enseignement du piano FSS 4006 FSS 4007 FSS Foyer & FSS 4007 hallway 2:30 – 2:45 Coffee Break 2:45 – 3:45 Individual Presentations: Health, Mental Health and Social Supports FSS 4006 Moralism, Law and Scientific Thought FSS 4007 3:45 – 4:00 Coffee Break FSS Foyer & FSS 4007 hallway 4:00 – 5:00 Debate 1: Drs. Bergeron & Vellino Everything you always wanted to know about artificial intelligence (But were too afraid to ask) FSS 4007 Draft Pub, 5:15 – 8:00 Research Speed Networking + Party 5
801 King Edward Ave SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE -­‐ FRIDAY MAY 15 | HORAIRE VENDREDI 15 MAI Time Activity Room 8:00 – 9:00 Registration FSS Foyer Individual Presentations: 9:00 – 10:00 10:00 – 10:15 10:30 – 12:00 12:00 – 1:30 Culture-­‐Specific Issues and Implications FSS 4004 Cognitive Aspects of Learning and Development FSS 4006 FSS Foyer & FSS 4007 Hallway Keynote: Dr. David Pizarro Dirty minds: How the emotion of disgust shapes our FSS 4007 moral and political attitudes FSS Foyer & Lunch FSS Terrasse Coffee Break 1:30 – 2:30 Poster Session FSS Foyer 2:30 – 2:45 Coffee Break FSS Foyer & FSS 4007 Hallway Roundtable: Dr. Edward Marshall Victor Frankl: The search for meaning FSS 4004 2:45 – 3:45 Individual Presentations: Self-­‐efficacy, Motivation and Bilingualism 3:45 – 4:00 4:00 – 5:00 5:00 – 8:00 FSS 4006 FSS Foyer & FSS 4007 Hallway Debate 2: Mme Gaudreault & M. Steenhout Vivre ou mourir dans la dignité: une fin de vie FSS 4006 naturelle vs l’aide médicale à mourir Coffee Break Wine & Cheese + Prizes 6
FSS 4007 DAY 1: THURSDAY MAY 14 | JEUDI 14 MAI KEYNOTES | CONFÉRENCIÉS PRINCIPAUX Thursday, May 14, 2015 Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Room: FSS 4007 Dr. Kathleen Vohs Professor, University of Minnesota Marketing, Land O’Lakes Chair in Marketing Dr. Vohs received her doctorate in psychological and brain sciences from Dartmouth College. She applies her expertise in psychological science to advance marketing research. Some of her research expertise includes free will beliefs, self-­‐processes, psychology of money, problems with spending, heterosexual sexual relations predicted using economic principles, meanings and emotions, and self-­‐regulations. Topic: The Meaning of Money, Beyond Pragmatics Money is a pervasive element in human life, affecting people across the globe. This talk will review studies that tested how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors change as a result of being reminded of or coming into contact with money. Money cues lead people to focus on what they want and how to get it. Money stimulates the sense and display of agency, resulting in strong performance and motivation. Money makes salient the personal self, as seen in speech patterns and the persuasiveness of self-­‐directed messages. Money is used to get what one wants from strangers and perhaps as a result of its frequent pairing with strangers, money dampens the kinds of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that would bolster communal relationships. Caring, sharing, helping, and donating are reduced when people have been reminded of money. Emotions that would be good for interpersonal closeness are stunted too. These results are robust and consistent across diverse samples, including those from North America, Europe, and Asia. Young children show money effects, as do employees and community samples. Field experiments indicate that the results are not confined to laboratory procedures. Money has taken root in the human mind to such an extent that the thought of it elicits effects in widely different contexts, and its associative impact is evident in myriad outcomes relating to competence and interpersonal functioning. 7
RESEARCH IDEA INCUBATOR Thursday 14, 2015 Time: 12:30-­‐12:15 Participate in a unique opportunity to chat about research ideas with other researchers. Small groups of six to eight conference attendees will discuss ways to refine different research topics! (You must have registered for this event to attend it) Rooms: FSS 2045 – Neurological Reward Systems and Depression Research FSS 2048 – Attention and Music FSS 2049 – How All Disciplines of Traditional Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) Can Be Applied to Psychology GROUP SYMPOSIA | PRÉSENTATIONS DE GROUPE Symposium 1 Thursday May 14, 2015 Time: 1:30 – 2:30 Room: FSS 4012 The complex role of emotions in stress: A discussion of multiple approaches to understanding their relationship(s) Jenny Jing Wen Liu, Vivian Huang, & Katlyn Peck (Ryerson University) Summary: Current literature suggests a moderating role of emotion in the face of stress (Choi et al., 2014). Additionally, emotion regulation (ER), the ability to regulate one’s emotion, is a contributor to good mental health (Aldao et al., 2010). This symposium will discuss the complex relationship between emotion and stress, and highlight various approaches that examine their association. We will begin with an overview of the literature, followed by preliminary data highlighting the relationship between emotional intelligence and stress responsivity. The focus will then shift to the use of emotion regulation in the face of chronic stress in an aging population. The presenter will examine the moderating role of stress for the interplay between ER and the onset of late-­‐life depression. The final presentation will focus on the role of ER in stress management, and propose the use of music as a potential aid. This presentation will discuss both anecdotal and empirical evidence supporting the potential efficacy of this technique. 8
Symposium 2 Thursday May 14, 2015 Time: 1:30 – 2:30 Room: FSS 4014 Une analyse des symboles musicaux et des approches pédagogiques dans les méthodes d’enseignement du piano Audrey-­‐Ann Deneault, Maude Lévesque, Éva Nadon, & Alain Desrochers (Université d'Ottawa) Résumé : Lors de l’enseignement du piano, l’élève doit apprendre à maîtriser la lecture de différents symboles musicaux, la théorie musicale et le geste moteur. Plusieurs projets ont été mené afin d’évaluer la façon dont ces apprentissages sont enseignés dans les différentes méthodes de piano pour débutants. Le premier projet vise à faire une analyse quantitative des différents symboles auxquels les apprenti-­‐pianistes sont exposés dans les méthodes. Le deuxième projet cherche à estimer la répartition des gestes moteurs entre les mains et les différents doigts de l’élève dans le but d’en évaluer l’impact à long terme. Le troisième projet met en lien les découvertes des deux précédents lors d’une analyse qualitative des différentes approches pédagogiques retrouvées dans les méthodes utilisées. Les analyses indiquent qu’il y a beaucoup de variations dans les méthodes, autant sur le plan pédagogique qu’au plan des symboles utilisés et gestes moteurs demandés. Cette recherche permet d’étudier les processus cognitifs régissant la lecture de la musique ainsi que comprendre quels facteurs peuvent motiver l’élève poursuivre son apprentissage et l’amener à un niveau de performance plus élevée. INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: DAY 1 | PRÉSENTATIONS INDIVIDUELLES: 1re JOURNÉE Health, Mental Health and Social Supports Thursday May 14, 2015 | Jeudi le 14 mai 2015 Time: 2:45 – 3:45 Room: FSS 4012 An Interactionist Approach to Rumination Schekina Israel, Ingrid Pechenkov, & Doug McCann (York University) Background: Rumination is a mental and emotional process that has often been studied in the context of cognition and personality, but seldom in the context of social processes. Research on rumination in the context of social processes is important because humans are social creatures, so their thought processes must be impacted by their social interactions. With increasing concerns of bullying, work productivity, and social media‘s impact on functioning, it is important to determine what kind of social processes affect rumination. Objectives: The current study takes an interactionist stance while evaluating the impact 9
of social support and personality on rumination patterns. In line with positive psychology thinking, we aim to identify adaptive ruminative patterns that may be related to better mood outcomes and less depression. In this study, we examined social support as it relates to rumination patterns. We also hypothesized that different rumination patterns (adaptive and maladaptive) are related to different personality types and moods. Methods: Through qualitative rumination data, personality questionnaires, and two randomly assigned social support conditions, we were able to survey 92 participants. Results: We found that there are four general ruminative ways of responding in reaction to varying types of social support. Furthermore, we found that personality types were not strongly related to adaptive and maladaptive ruminative styles, however, individuals low in sociotropy (dependence on social interactions) were more likely to ruminate adaptively regardless of the social support received. Finally, adaptive rumination was related to hostility, and maladaptive rumination was marginally related to anxiety, however neither was related to depression. Conclusion: Social support, but not personality, was found to affect individuals’ ruminative responding. Mood outcomes were also affected by rumination patterns. However, given a few sampling and methodological concerns, further research must be conducted to corroborate our results. The Complexity of Suicide: Review of Recent Neuroscientific Evidence Erica Ching (University of Toronto) Purpose: Two important aspects of human behaviour that become maladaptive in those individuals who are at high risk for suicide include (a) the ability to engage in self-­‐
referential thought, and (b) the ability to feel complex and abstract emotions. Research suggests that the aberrant connectivity between and within important neural structures plays a major role in the problematically altered perceptions often held by highly depressed individuals, which ultimately contributes a great deal to the expression of the symptoms characteristic of the disorder. The present work provides a general overview of findings gathered from recent neuroscientific literature, synthesizing a comprehensive view that emphasizes the importance of interconnected networks in the brain in major depressive disorder (MDD), made possible by recent advances in neuroimaging technology. Methods: Systematic literature review. Results: Both self-­‐referential thought and the emotional perception of pain, two processes that become problematic and contribute to dysfunctional patterns of thinking 10
in MDD, appear to involve primarily the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and the pre/subgenual anterior cingulate cortices (pgACC/sgACC), the amygdala, and the insula. It would be beneficial to examine these particular structures in greater depth and detail through the use of neuroimaging technology, including but not limited to positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion imaging methods. Lesion studies offer insight into the neural structures and systems implicated in MDD with suicidal behaviour or ideation. Conclusion: Given the fact that many of the same structures involved in all of self-­‐
perception, perception of the environment, and emotion regulation share communicative networks, a critical step at this point is to bring together a perspective on the structural and functional mechanisms implicated in MDD and suicide. In doing so, it is possible to comprehend more clearly the manner in which connected networks operate together on a larger scale in a system as complex as the human brain. It is suggested that, rather than being basic diagnoses that can be identified through confirming items on an inventory of symptoms, MDD may be viewed as a malfunction in an intricate system of networks in the brain. The Structures and Functions of Social Support Experience by Palliative Rehabilitation Patients: An Exploratory Study Nicole Rutkowski, Andrea Feldstain, Katie Richardson, Sophie Lebel, & Martin Chasen (University of Ottawa) Background: Post treatment patients with advanced cancer deal with on-­‐going morbidity and the late-­‐effects of disease and treatment. Chronic stress has been proven to worsen this. Social support may buffer the effects of chronic stress, thereby improving morbidity and mortality and adherence to medical treatments. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the perceived social support for patients with advanced cancer who underwent a Palliative Rehabilitation Program (PRP). More specifically, to gain an understanding of the types and sources of social support that patients found most salient and helpful during the program. Methods: Ten patients with advanced cancer who have completed the eight-­‐week PRP at the Élisabeth Bruyère will be recruited. Participants will be contacted by phone for a 30 minute semi-­‐structured interview. Transcribed interviews will be analyzed using a thematic content analysis to detect any recurring themes. Results: We expect some of the main sources of support to be drawn from a) team members b) other patients attending the program c) spouse, family and close friends and d) spiritual beliefs. We also expect that the extent and quality of support may be 11
influenced by gender, age, marital status and size of social networks. Updated results will be presented. Conclusion: By understanding the types and sources of social support that patients have received during the program, we may be able to offer recommendations to other professionals within palliative care and rehabilitation, as well as inform other programs for patients with advanced cancer. Blogging caregivers of paediatric brain tumour survivors: New feminist voices, new choices and unmet needs Susan Lymbery (University of British Colombia) Background: For 32 years, I have cared for my son who was diagnosed at age six with a malignant, inoperable brain tumour. Radiation calcified the cancer, but long-­‐term effects like strokes and bleeds continue to damage his sight, hearing, speech, cognition and mobility, greatly diminishing his quality of life. Like me, some 4,000 Canadian mothers spend the rest of their lives—without options like retirement, pay or annual respite—caring for an increasingly disabled paediatric brain tumour (PBT) survivor. As caregivers, we work at home day and night. We care for our child’s every symptom, becoming experts in negotiating increasingly complex healthcare. We are socially isolated and unacknowledged as [m]others. Few can comprehend our burdens of grief and fear. Family and friends often cannot cope with their own grief and the relentless crises and declines; many blame or shame the mother as responsible. As caregiving mothers, we are economically alienated, having quit careers to work part-­‐time. Our caregiving is silencing and our labour is socially invisible. Method: This qualitative doctoral project builds on L. K. Lopez’s (2009) and N. Hookway’s (2008) notions of blogging as radical democratic acts by interconnecting caregivers in a national, secure online learning platform. D. E. Smith’s feminist relations of ruling decode power and knowledge hierarchies embedded in texts of patriarchal medical practices and G. C. Spivak’s subaltern theories help unmask those who are invisible, socially-­‐silenced caregivers. Research Question: In what ways can a supportive blogging community unite to discuss issues and share best practices, as well as identify and prioritize unmet needs? Research Objective: Together, we will create new knowledge from the inside out and bottom up about socially-­‐enforced maternal caregiving in Canada. We will prioritize our unmet needs and begin to count the extraordinary costs of 4,000 lifetimes of constant sorrow and unpaid labour. 12
Moralism, Law and Scientific Thought Thursday May 14, 2015 | Jeudi le 14 mai 2015 Time: 2:45 – 3:45 Room: FSS 4014 Pouvoir judiciaire et savoir psychiatrique: perdus entre deux dimensions Marie-­‐Andrée Denis-­‐Boileau (Université d'Ottawa) Plusieurs développements autant légaux que sociaux nous invitent présentement à revisiter et à questionner la place du savoir psychiatrique dans le système de droit criminel. Portée par des causes phares dont l’objet de débat est souvent la non-­‐
responsabilité criminelle, psychiatres, médecins, juristes, sociologues, philosophes et criminologues se prononcent de plus en plus sur la relation entre ces deux sciences. Forte de ce constat, je souhaite pour ma part étudier la relation entre ce savoir et ce pouvoir du point de vue de la Cour suprême du Canada. Alors que d’un côté, la psychiatrie a évolué de manière à étaler la responsabilité d’un individu entre plusieurs causes ou déterminismes sociaux, le droit criminel utilise toujours depuis plus d’un siècle la même théorie de la responsabilité : on est responsable ou on ne l’est pas. Face à cette apparente incompatibilité des deux sciences, quelle place la Cour suprême donne-­‐t-­‐elle à l’expert psychiatre ? Voit-­‐on apparaître une convivialité du pouvoir judiciaire face aux théories psychiatriques ? Ou se retrouve-­‐t-­‐on plutôt face à un pouvoir judiciaire fermé aux idées évolutives de la psychiatrie ? Nous tenterons de répondre à ces questions tout en proposant une explication théorique des raisons qui poussent la Cour suprême à agir comme elle le fait. The Persuasiveness of Scientific Explanations: Features of Scientific Schema of Natural Phenomena Jordan Richard Schoenherr & Robert Thomson (Carleton University & Carnegie Mellon University) Scientific communication is critical to informing the public and experts of recent, impactful research. However, the complexity of the message can function as a barrier to disseminating information widely, affecting the acceptance of information. In the present study we examined which features of explanatory schemata – a set of interrelated concepts – that are perceived relevant by participants who are assessing the validity of scientific knowledge. In three experiments, participants judged the validity of logical syllogisms and reported confidence in their response. In addition to the premises, an explanation was added which contained either a mechanistic (e.g., force, cause) or intentional term (e.g., believes, wants). Instructions manipulated the nature of the phenomena (e.g., unspecified, animate, or inanimate) and the source of the explanations (scientists or people). Results indicate that intentional explanations are seen as invalid when offered by ‘scientists’ regardless of the nature of the phenomena 13
but are accepted when explanations are offered by ‘people’. We discuss the implications of these results for developing effective scientific communication. Social Intuitionism and Moral Rationalism: Individual Reasoning Processes in Moral Decision-­‐Making Benjamin Miller (University of Ottawa) Background: In his now classic “The Emotional Dog and its Rational Tail”, moral psychologist Jonathan Haidt derives what he calls the social intuitionist model of moral psychology from empirical evidence of a phenomenon called “moral dumbfounding”. Moral dumbfounding applies when a person claims to know what is wrong without being able to account for why. Haidt frames his own model in contrast to the more traditional model of moral rationalism (e.g. L. Kohlberg), which places the individual application of reasoning processes at the centre of moral decision-­‐making. Haidt contends that this model cannot account for the phenomenon of moral dumbfounding. Ultimately, Haidt claims that although his empirical evidence rejects the psychologically descriptive power of rationalism, it does not necessarily reject the morally prescriptive aspects of it. Objective: This paper aims to test Haidt’s claim that it is possible to reject the descriptive power of rationalism without rejecting its prescriptive elements. Method: This paper examines the relationship between the descriptive and prescriptive in both Haidt and Kohlberg’s models through textual analysis. Results: We will observe that Kohlberg builds an inextricable co-­‐dependence between the descriptive and the prescriptive elements of these models. Ultimately, this link between the two opens moral rationalism’s prescriptions up to revision in light of Haidt’s descriptive emphasis on the interpersonal elements in reasoning processes. Conclusion: Haidt’s social intuitionist claims are by no means a condemnation of moral rationalism and, in fact, call our attention to an ancient interpersonal element of rationality that many rationalists (like Kohlberg) have lost touch with. This will allow us to draw out a practical program for rationalism’s rehabilitation from within a social intuitionist model. 14
DEBATE | DÉBATS Thursday, May 14, 2015 Time: 4:00 – 5:00 Room: FSS 4007 TOPIC: The future, limitations, and dangers of artificial intelligence Vincent Bergeron, PhD Professor of Philosophy, specialist in Philosophy of the mind and Philosophy of Cognitive Sciences André Vellino, PhD Associate Professor of Information Studies, specialist in programming and machine information reasoning. RESEARCH SPEED NETWORKING + PARTY Thursday 14, 2015 Time: 5:15 – 8:00 Room: Draft Pub, 801 King Edward Ave Each participant will get the opportunity to talk one-­‐on-­‐one with other researchers about their on-­‐going projects. Attendees will be able to hone their ability to quickly talk about their research while making connections with other researchers. Snacks will be provided. Drinks and meals can be ordered. 15
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DAY 2: FRIDAY MAY 15 | VENDREDI 15 MAI KEYNOTE SPEAKER | CONFÉRENCIÉ PRINCIPAL Friday, May 15, 2015 Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Room: FSS 4007 Dr. David Pizarro Professor, Cornell University Psychology Dr. Pizarro received his doctorate in social psychology from Yale University. He is interested in moral judgment, specifically in moral responsibility, permissibility or impermissibility of certain behaviours, and biases that affect moral judgment. His areas of expertise also include how emotions (e.g., anger, fear, disgust) can affect information processing, memory, and moral judgments of others. Topic: Dirty minds: How the emotion of disgust shapes our moral and political attitudes There is growing evidence that the emotion of disgust-­‐-­‐an emotion that likely evolved to protect individuals from physical contamination-­‐-­‐plays a unique role in moral and political judgment. I will review evidence that manipulating disgust in the laboratory tends to make people report more conservative beliefs and attitudes (especially with regards to attitudes about sexuality), and evidence that individual differences in how easily people feel disgust are correlated with beliefs that are toward the conservative end of the spectrum. I'll end with some thoughts on why disgust might affect moral and political judgment in this manner, and the implications this work might have when considering what role emotions ought to play in our judgments. 17
INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: DAY 2 | PRÉSENTATIONS INDIVIDUELLES: 2e JOURNÉE Culture-­‐Specific Issues and Implications Friday May 15, 2015 Time: 9:00 – 10:00 Room: FSS 4004 Imaginary, Spirituality and Subjective Well-­‐Being of Second-­‐Generation Chinese Canadians Winnie Yeung, Christian Bellehumeur, & Manal Guirguis-­‐Younger (St. Paul University) Canada has become increasing multicultural because of immigration. There has been a gap in research addressing adaptation of adult Second-­‐Generation Chinese Canadians (SGCC) to Canadian society, how they achieve well-­‐being despite competing values, identity and other issues. Research has found a correlation between identification with the culture of origin and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (Cho, 2003; Kennedy, Parhar, Samra, & Gorzalka, 2005; Lau, Jernewall, Zane, & Mayers, 2002). Given these challenges, there is an unequivocal need to advance our knowledge about this group in order to foster a healthy next generation. The Anthropological Structures of Imaginary framework embraces paradoxes (Durand, 1960; 1999), and allows for explorations of various opposite concepts such as independent and interdependent selves in cross-­‐
cultural studies. This research will examine these questions: What does happiness mean to SGCC? How do SGCC achieve happiness? How does happiness of SGCC and self-­‐
construal (i.e. professional self, cultural self and spiritual self) relate to the Imaginary categories (heroic, synthetic, mystical)? There are two phases in this research. The first phase, a qualitative study of 30 SGCC living in Toronto, aged 19 to 45 years old. They will take the Archetypal Test with Nine Elements (AT.9) test to determine their imaginary categories (heroic, synthetic, mystical). The second phase will use a phenomenological approach. Eight participants from the first phase will be selected for semi-­‐structured, in-­‐depth interviews to explore the relationships between happiness and self-­‐construal, their professional, cultural, and spiritual selves and the Imaginary categories. The findings will advance our knowledge about the bicultural individuals’ experiences and how they negotiate and balance their antithetical cultures and values to maintain well-­‐
being. This knowledge will provide avenues for future research into other ethnic groups and adjustment of immigrant children. Delaminated Honour M.D. Sennek (Carleton University) Background: The western conversation about honour crime is limited to political statements about how to solve the problems of the Other (primarily through giving the Others enlightened governance). This conversation provides no guidance for protecting honour crime as one side errs on the side of benevolent imperialism (I know your 18
problems because you are just like me) while the other side errs on the side of malevolent imperialism (your problems would be solved if you were more like me) and neither is based on empirical evidence. This paper takes a first step toward quantifying the gap between western reports of honour crime. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to: • shift the conversation about honour crime from political to scientific; • quantify the gap between eastern and western understanding of honour crime; • suggest new avenues of research. Methods: English language media reports were compiled from honour killing google alerts as well as drilling down through included reports. Details of each report were coded for victim and perpetrator demographics as well the elements of the crime. Results: • 40% of Pakistani and 36% of Indian media reported victims were male (compared to 24% of all victims). • 41% of Pakistani and 22% of Indian media reported accused were unrelated to the victim (compared to 14% of Canadian accused). • 61% of Pakistani and 87% of Indian media reported accused were motivated by the social control (compared to 48% of Canadian accused). Conclusions: There are marked differences in western media compared to Indian and Pakistani media understanding of honour crime. Indian and Pakistani media regard honour crime as social control rather than gender-­‐specific violence. Future research on honour crime problem should start with understanding those differences. Discourses of Motherhood in Bangladeshi Print Media and Fertility Centres and Bangladeshi Childless Women’s Experience Shahina M. Parvin (University of Lethbridge) In Bangladesh, motherhood is understood as ‘natural’ state in women’s lives and it is understood as women’s moral obligation. Therefore, childless women encounter tremendous pressure in their lives. Childless women are stigmatized in the society as Bangladeshi people often understand that infertility is not only a biological problem, but is also linked with the result of sin, God’s punishment, and the effects of supernatural beings. Nowadays, the Bangladeshi media and health professionals highlight the physiological and psychological necessity of motherhood in women lives in order to encourage using New Reproductive Technologies (NRTs), which are harmful for women’s bodies. All these situations construct knowledge that childless women are immoral and irresponsible, and they have lack of ‘normal’ mental health. The constructions of childlessness as lacking and problematic justify a wide range of 19
negative reactions to the childless couple. Based on analyze the discourses of four fertility centres’ client information package about NRTs, and five video clips of four Bangladeshi television channels, the aim of this article is to explain how the Bangladeshi media and fertility centres construct knowledge about motherhood as ‘natural’ state and re-­‐essentialize motherhood in women’s lives. Additionally, based on qualitative interview with five childless women this article also explains childless Bangladeshi women’s experience. Data shows that childless women interpret motherhood is a normal process after their marriage. They often tried NRTs along with traditional fertility treatments in having babies as they believe that it is attached to their femininity and it also secure their marriage in laws house as Bangladeshi women are often economically and socially dependent on men. If first wives are incapable to give birth to a child men often are instructed by their family members to remarry in order to continue the heritage. Cognitive Aspects of Learning and Development Friday May 15, 2015 Time: 9:00 – 10:00 Room: FSS 4006 How to predict: Cognitive Rules to Multiple Cue Probability Learning Wahida Chowdhury & Sylvain Chartier (Carleton University & University of Ottawa We frequently face decision tasks (such as predicting a professor’s salary) that require us to make probabilistic predictions based on a number of cues (such as the number of previous publications and scholarships). Ideally, with feedbacks from repeated exposure to similar tasks, we learn to make multiple cue probability predictions correctly. The present simulation investigated how three common cognitive rules (predicting randomly, using memory for a single cue, and using memory for five or ten cues) aid multiple cue probability learning (MCPL). Results showed agents made more correct predictions if they utilized their memory for the combinations of previously encountered cue-­‐sets and true outcomes, versus if they predicted randomly. Interestingly, utilizing the memory for all previously encountered cues only slightly increased the number of correct predictions than did utilizing the memory for a single cue. The results were consistent even when different environmental rules governed criterion outcomes. Implications for cognitive rules to make probabilistic predictions are discussed. The types of stimuli that will result in the interruption of ongoing-­‐cognitive tasks Rebecca Xu, Paniz Takavoli, & Dr. Kenneth Campbell (University of Ottawa) Certain potentially relevant auditory stimuli occurring outside the focus of attention can trigger an attention switch from the task-­‐at-­‐hand to the distracting auditory event and may result in conscious perception of the task-­‐irrelevant stimuli. This present study 20
examines the features of auditory stimuli that will likely result in intrusions into consciousness. Processing of unattended stimuli can be monitored by recording the brain’s responses to such stimuli. In human subjects, these so-­‐called event-­‐related potentials (ERPs) are recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp. Of particular interest to this present study is a component called the P3a, believed to index the occurrence of an attentional capture. The P3a is a positive-­‐going waveform occurring at about 250 ms after stimulus onset. It presumably reflects the interruption of the frontal lobe controlling attention and consciousness. Ten young adults were presented with an “oddball” task consisting of a frequently occurring standard stimulus and on 8% of trials a feature of the standard was changed to form a “deviant”. In different conditions, the deviant represented: (a)10 dB “increment” in intensity, (b)20 dB “decrement” in intensity, (c)white noise burst or (d)different environmental sounds (e.g. buzz, musical instruments, animal sounds). The EEG was recorded from 32 electrode placements. Subjects were asked to watch a sub-­‐titled video and thus ignore the auditory stimuli. Initial results indicate that the white noise burst and the environmental sounds were most likely to elicit the P3a. These results suggest that distraction from ongoing tasks will result when highly novel stimuli are presented. The Development of Spontaneous Episodic Future Thinking in Preschoolers Seyda N. Celebi, Cristina M. Atance, & Caitlin E. V. Mahy (University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa, & Brock University) The purpose of the present study is to investigate the development of spontaneous episodic future thinking (EFT) in young children. We are interested in examining differences between spontaneous future thinking that might occur in daily life and cued future thinking when a researcher asks children to answer questions about the future and gives them options to choose from. Despite many claims that current EFT tasks capture processes that occur in daily life, one key aspect has been overlooked: these tasks all require children to make a forced-­‐choice response in thinking about the future whereas in daily life children likely have to spontaneously generate future plans. Therefore, we think that tasks that have been used to measure EFT in the lab may have been overestimating children's EFT ability because they have typically provided forced choice response options. Data is currently being collected from 48 3-­‐ to 5-­‐year-­‐olds at the University of Ottawa and Brock University. Children are given five tasks that assess their EFT ability (i.e., Two rooms task and Picture Book task) and creativity (i.e., Category fluency, Divergent thinking, and Generativity tasks). We believe that spontaneous EFT may be related to creativity as both of these abilities rely on generating responses in the absence of cueing. We expect that children’s performance will show age-­‐related improvements for both EFT and creativity, an advantage of cued over spontaneous EFT (i.e., spontaneous will be more difficult for children), and that creativity will predict children’s performance on the spontaneous, but not necessarily cued, EFT questions. Potential implications are discussed in terms of the effects of differing developmental trajectories on EFT (spontaneous vs. cued) and creativity. 21
POSTERS | PRÉSENTATIONS PAR AFFICHE Friday May 15, 2015 Time: 1:30 -­‐ 2:30 Room: FSS Foyer Predictors of Emergency Department Repeat Visits in Youth Presenting with Depressed Mood Hiba Abdul-­‐Fattah, Mario Cappelli University of Ottawa and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Effect on reward processing of microinjections of gastrin-­‐releasing peptide and amphetamine into the intra-­‐nucleus accumbens Mohamed Abunada University of Ottawa The effect of intranasal oxytocin on social interaction and corticosterone levels in rats Alisha Awadia, Zul Merali & Pamela Kent University of Ottawa and the Institute of Mental Health Research Le soutien social et le bien-­‐être chez les utilisateurs de Facebook âgés de 35 à 65 ans Élisabeth Beaunoyer, Joanny Grenier & Anna Lomanowska Université de Laval Examining Children’s Identification Accuracy using the Simultaneous, Elimination, and Wildcard Lineups when Target is Absent Andrew Brown, Joanna Pozzulo & Jennifer Pettalia Carleton University Autobiographical Memory Retrieval for Traumatic Memories in Individuals Displaying Symptoms of Depression Brad BuJaki Carleton University Identification Accuracy of Children with Different Lineup Procedures and Culprit Number in a Target-­‐present Lineup Lynsey Burton & Andrew Brown Norm Diffusion in Scientific Social Networks: Adoption of Scientific Integrity Norms by Academic Institutions Corrina Cai & Jordan Richard Schoenherr Carleton University Graduating from undergrads: Are MTurk workers less attentive than undergraduate participants? 22
Colin Capaldi Carleton University Validity and reliability of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder self-­‐report scale in a clinical sample with eating disorders Samantha Carlucci, Iryna Ivanova, Hany Bissada & George Tasca Carleton University The relation between attentional workload of finger movements and the difficulty of a musical piece Michael Cichonski Carleton University Making Sense of NeuroHealth in the Media: An in-­‐depth look at how Obsessive-­‐
Compulsive Disorder is represented on Twitter Sam N Clouthier, Alyse Schacter, Lucas Buffone, Maitland Long & Anne TM Konkle Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa La moralité canadienne vue à la loupe des fondements moraux évoqués dans les plaintes canadiennes contre le contenu radiotélévisé Solange Courteau, Martine Lagacé & Céline Blanchard Université d'Ottawa The representation of depression in Canadian print news Laura AM Cummings & Anne TM Konkle Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Exploring the Link Between Language Similarity Matching and Attachment: A Literature Review Audrey-­‐Ann Deneault University of Ottawa The Role of Team Cohesion and Coach Behaviours in Athletes’ Motivation and Sport Experience Philippe Desmarais, Meredith Rocchi, Luc Pelletier & Simon Beaudry University of Ottawa Can one sessions of Tonglen meditation increase measures of empathy and compassion? Aaron Elie & Aditya Shankar Lien entre la reconnaissance des visages et l'utilisation de différentes informations visuelles Daphnée-­‐Sarah Ferfache, P. Léné, M. Halevy, J. Tardif, X. Morin Duchesne & F. Gosselin 23
Université de Montréal, Université du Québec en Outaouais & Indiana University Bloomington Substance Use among Children and Adolescents in Residential Treatment Centers: Assessing their Needs and Strengths Benjamin Hébert-­‐Seropian & John S. Lyons University of Ottawa “Just Tell Them I’m Not Here”: Examining Mindfulness and Closest-­‐Other Autonomy Support as Protective Factors against Feedback-­‐Avoiding Behaviours in the Workplace Natalie Ho, Gaëlle Hortop & Céline Blanchard University of Ottawa Perception of Ottawa's MarketMobile: An analysis of community feedback for a pilot project of a mobile grocery store in Ottawa Kate Hudson University of Ottawa Using Pain Regulation Post-­‐Immunization to Predict Externalizing Behaviours in Infants and Preschool Children Victoria Ingram York University An interactionist Approach to Rumination Schekina Israel, Ingrid Pechenkov & Doug McCann York University Une tâche d'attention visuelle en tant que mesure implicite des intérêts sexuels Stéphanie Jolin, Marie-­‐Andrée Légère & Martin Lalumière Université d’Ottawa Depression and anxiety and their associations with cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. Daniel Keogh-­‐Lim Carleton University The Impact of Enmeshed Parenting Styles on Mediating the Association of Daily Hassles on Depressiveness in Students from Collectivist Cultures Sara Keshavarzi & David W. Reid Anything that moves? An examination of the sexual motivations of bisexual individuals and sexual restraint Genevieve LeBlanc University of Ottawa 24
Measuring stress in the workplace: diagnosing the corporate organism Julien Lemay University of Ottawa L’impact de l’impulsivité en tant que trait de personnalité sur l’agressivité et la rage sur la route Marie-­‐Jeanne Léonard, Catherine Gatien & Gabrielle Klees-­‐Themens Université de Montréal Comparing Older Forensic Patients with Dementia versus Other Diagnoses Maude Levesque, Michael Seto & Mathieu Dufour University of Ottawa and the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Center Eating Perception, Friendship and Weight Change in First Year University Students Shelby Levine, Justine King & Sophie Heron Carleton University Impact of High Trait Anxiety on Memory Reconsolidation via a Reactivation-­‐Extinction Paradigm Stacy MacGregor-­‐Dennique, Julia Marinos, Idu Azogu & Andrea R. Ashbaugh University of Ottawa Negative appearance and weight esteem differentially mediate the relationship between thin-­‐ideal internalization and mental health in female adolescents Danijela Maras, Marisa Murray, Nick Schubert, Katherine Henderson, Annick Buchholz, Martine Flament, Nicole Obeid & Gary Goldfield University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Anchor Psychological Services & the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Exploration of stress responses to smartphone notifications: A pilot study Monica Mendoza, Adrian Chan & Matthew Holahan Carleton University Screening and assessment of depression in nursing home residents: A scoping review Chelsea Moran, Elizabeth J. Dogherty, Autumn Jackson, Carole A. Estabrooks & Adrian Wagg University of Ottawa & University of Alberta L’identification visuelle des notes musicales en fonction de leur clef, de leur hauteur tonale et de la nomenclature utilisée Éva Nadon, Audrey-­‐Ann Deneault & Alain Desrochers Université d'Ottawa Neuropeptide CRH modulates brain plasticity in the mesolimbic networks: Role in 25
modulating dopamine and social behavior following a cerebral ischemia Nicolas Narvaez Linares, Patricia Barra de la Tremblaye & Hélène Plamondon University of Ottawa At the Crossroads of Culture: The Effects of Parental Expectations and Acculturation on the Well-­‐Being of Second Generation Immigrants Joseph Nesrallah, Chan, K. J., Moorman, J. & Young, M. Y. University of Ottawa Stress-­‐induced alterations in Orexin A and Fos B/ΔFos B in the lateral hypothalamus Michela Panarella, Idu Azogu & Hélène Plamondon University of Ottawa Santé mentale et trajectoire d’agression chez les violeurs en série Émilie Proulx & David Joubert Université d’Ottawa A Collection of Emotional Movie Clips Kylee Ramdeen, Annick N. Tanguay, Christine Beaudoin, Lydia Muyingo & Patrick S. R. Davidson University of Ottawa & Université de Savoie Motives for Negative Thinking and Worrying Catalina Sarmiento, Kristina Bradley, Elyse Champaigne-­‐Klassen, Rylee Oram & Darcy Santor University of Ottawa The factors that influence fear of recurrence in breast cancer survivors Kate Silverstein, Cynthia Wan, Isabelle Ares & Catherine Bielajew University of Ottawa Sexual Motivation or Sexual Function? Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction in Peri-­‐ and Post-­‐menopausal women Julia Smith, Heather VanZuylen & Elke Reissing University of Ottawa Effects of Word Plural Marking on their Visual recognition Kayla Soosaar University of Ottawa The Perceptions of Sustainable Food Practices at Acadia University Chelsey Spinney Acadia University 26
Accent stigmatization among French L2 speakers Andrea Stuhec-­‐Leonard, Nathalie Freynet & Richard Clement University of Ottawa Une plus grande activation physiologique favorise-­‐t-­‐elle l’illusion de la main postiche ? Annick Tanguay Université d’Ottawa Naïve bumblebees are joiners: an analysis of cause and function of local enhancement C.M. Walker & C.M.S. Plowright University of Ottawa Muslim Belief in Divine Intervention and Religious Locus of Control Leanne R. Willson & Meymuna Mude The King's University The Influence of Eyewitness Age, Familiarity with the Crime Scene, and Number of Descriptor Errors Cynthia Winkler, Joanna Pozzulo & Emily Pica Carleton University Pragmatics of Recognizing the Illusoriness of Free Will and Agentic Selves Steven Zhao Simon Fraser University 27
ROUNDTABLE | TABLE RONDE Friday May 15, 2015 Time: 2:45–3:45 Room: FSS 4004 Victor Frankl: The search for meaning Dr. Edward Marshall (Ottawa Institute of Logotherapy) Background: Viktor Frankl (1905-­‐1997) is the author of the bestselling book “Man’s Search for Meaning” which inspired many people to overcome situations of unavoidable suffering. In this book Viktor Frankl describes how he applied his philosophy of life to survive the Holocaust during WWII. Objectives: This presentation aims at: (1) Describing the theory behind logotherapy as a humanistic existentialist school of thought; (2) Illustrating the validation of logotherapy by recent studies and the importance of the search for meaning as a factor to improve resilience; (3) Presenting recent research interest on the search for meaning in psychology with the development of the “Meaning in Life Questionnaire,” a psychometric test. Methods: This presentation is based on a literature review and the professional experience of the author. Results: William Breitbart, 2014. Professor of Psychiatry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital, NY, conducted randomized controlled trials, which have shown the importance of the “search for meaning” for the quality of life of patients suffering from advanced cancer. Stephen Southwick, 2012, Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, found “meaning in life” as a resiliency factor in the prevention of PTSD. Alexander Batthyanny, 2006, Professor of Philosophy, University of Vienna, published an annotated bibliography on the empirical research in logotherapy and meaning-­‐oriented psychotherapy. Michael Stager, Professor of Psychology, Colorado State University, and colleagues, developed the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, 2006, as a way to assess meaning in life, which has been cited 356 times on PsycINFO and 744 times on Google scholar. Conclusion: Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy started out as a philosophical school of thought within the scope of psychiatry nearly a century ago. Its proposals, including the importance of search for meaning for optimal well-­‐being have been progressively validated with research instruments and methods which became available throughout the years. 28
INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: DAY 2 (Cont’d) | PRÉSENTATIONS INDIVIDUELLES: 2e JOURNÉE Self-­‐efficacy, Motivation and Bilingualism Friday May 15, 2015 Time: 2:45 – 3:45 Room: FSS 4006 Penser aux solutions: étude de l’impact du niveau de construit sur la motivation envers l’environnement Lara Geinoz, Simon Beaudry, & Luc Pelletier (Université d'Ottawa) Il a été récemment démontré que le fait de penser aux conséquences versus aux causes ammenait les individus à penser davantage aux actions concrètes plutôt qu’abstraites d’un évènement (Théorie de niveaux de construit, Rim, Trope & Hansen, 2013). La présente étude vise à voir comment ces cognitions s’adaptent au contexte pro-­‐
environnemental tout en ajoutant la notion de solutions, un type de cognition qui pourrait se montrer plus motivant par rapport aux comportements écologiques (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002). Il est attendu que le fait de penser aux solutions et aux conséquences amène l’individu dans un état d’esprit concret davantage porté sur l’action que le fait de penser aux causes contexte pro-­‐environnemental. Il est également attendu qu’une réflexion centrée sur les solutions des enjeux environnementaux favorise un sentiment de compétence et d’autonomie et stimule une motivation autodéterminée. En comprenant l’impact qu’a la réflexion aux causes, conséquences et solutions sur l’adoption de comportements pro-­‐environnementaux, nous pouvons créer des messages pro-­‐environnementaux plus efficaces et porteurs d’actions. 177 participants ont pris part à l’étude en laboratoire, assignés de façon aléatoire à l’une des trois conditions expérimentales (Causes; Conséquences; Solutions). Des matrices corrélationnelles et des analyses de variance ont permis de mettre en évidence les contrastes entre les différents niveaux de construits rattachés aux trois types de cognitions étudiées. Contrairement aux hypothèses de départ, la présente étude a démontré que de penser aux solutions amène l'individu dans un état d'esprit abstrait. Elle a également permis de démontré qu'un état d’esprit abstrait était positivement corrélé à une motivation envers l'environnement autodéterminée. Ces résultats permettent de conclure que pour favoriser l'adoption de comportements durables, les messages communicationnels doivent être centrés sur les solutions plutôt que sur les conséquences des enjeux environnementaux. Measuring self-­‐efficacy for deprescribing tasks: development of a scale and initial results David de Launay, Barbara Farrell, Lisa Sunstrum, James Conklin, & Lalitha Raman-­‐
Wilms (University of Ottawa, Bruyère Research Institute, University of Waterloo, Concordia University & University of Toronto) 29
Background: In 2013, The Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-­‐Term Care funded approximately $430,000 to study the development and implementation of three deprescribing guidelines aimed to minimize medications that can cause negative side effects or are no longer needed. These deprescribing guidelines will support interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals in tapering or stopping medications and monitoring for adverse drug withdrawal reactions in elderly patients. The project’s research team expects that this will reduce adverse drug effects and improve quality of life. However, clinicians often express a lack of confidence or ability in carrying out tasks related to deprescribing medications. Evidence-­‐based deprescribing guidelines are intended to provide such support to facilitate deprescribing. No instruments currently exist to measure clinicians’ ability to deprescribe medications. Objectives: We developed a survey aimed at measuring self-­‐efficacy for carrying out the main domains of deprescribing tasks. Our objective is to use this tool to answer the question “does the use of deprescribing guidelines improve clinician self-­‐efficacy in tapering or stopping medications?” Methods: We conducted a literature review, clinician interviews, and sought review from international deprescribing experts. A survey with 51 self-­‐efficacy related questions was developed and administered online in the six practice sites that are implementing our guidelines. The survey is administered before and after each guideline is implemented in the sites. Results: Initial demographics and clinician self-­‐efficacy mean scores for the 51 questions are reported and trends are identified. The medication class with the lowest overall self-­‐
efficacy scores for this group of clinicians (n=25) was antipsychotics. Conclusion: Early results indicate that the clinicians in our participating sites may have high self-­‐efficacy in relation to deprescribing. As we continue to administer the survey, we may garner further insights about the importance of self-­‐efficacy for deprescribing, and about the validity of our survey. Optimizing mindfulness awareness training: Skill acquisition and benefit in just 14 days Thanh Ly, C. W. D. Karampatos & D. A. Santor (University of Ottawa) Background: Previous research has shown that mindfulness-­‐based interventions are effective in providing several physical and mental health benefits. However, there is limited research in the exact mechanism by which mindfulness meditation is acquired as a skill. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the behavioural markers which indicate skill acquisition of mindfulness. This skill comprised of relaxation breathing and 30
mindfulness awareness training. This study also investigated whether attitudes toward learning the skill affected the overall amount of benefits usually reported from mindfulness-­‐based interventions. Also, this study examined whether a short-­‐term intervention could produce benefits reported by previous studies which required long-­‐
term participation. Methods: There were 30 students (5 males and 25 females) from the University of Ottawa who participated in the study. Participants attended a 30 minute training session on sitting meditation. For the next 14 days, they were to record their daily practice and use of the skill in a journal given to them at the time of the training session. Participants completed pre-­‐intervention and post-­‐outcome questionnaires, which measured attitudes towards learning the skill and measured levels of perceived stress, depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and attention. Results: After 14 days of practice and use of the skill, participants reported significantly reduced stress, reduced anxiety, and improved attention and concentration. However, there were no significant differences found for depression and mindfulness. Attitudes towards learning the skill were correlated with skill acquisition and the overall amount of benefits reported. More positive attitudes were correlated with better psychological improvement and greater skill acquisition. Conclusions: This study supports the use of a mindfulness-­‐based intervention as an effective and inexpensive technique in improving psychological well-­‐being. This study also shows that mindfulness can be measured as an acquisition of skill. Cognitive and Social Aspects of Bilingualism Raphaëlle Robidoux & Sheida Rabipour (University of Ottawa) Bilingualism, the capacity to function in more than one linguistic environment, is an important and increasingly relevant topic in our increasingly globalized society. Ottawa, our nation's capital, contains more bilinguals than the majority of North American cities. It consequently represents an ideal venue in which to examine the brain processes and effects associated with expressing oneself in two languages. The proposed presentation will discuss various types of bilingualism and corresponding behavioural patterns. We will differentiate between active and passive bilingualism, and explore the settings in which individuals may feel the need to communicate in their second language. We will further distinguish bilinguals ʺfrom birthʺ from ʺlearned bilinguals,ʺ including differences in language use and cognitive functioning. Finally, we will expand upon the long-­‐term neural and physiological correlates of bilingualism, and broach the potential impact of bilingualism or multilingualism on behaviour and cognitive function. 31
DEBATE | DÉBATS Friday, May 15, 2015 Time: 4:00 – 5:00 Room: FSS 4006 TOPIC: Vivre ou mourir dans la dignité: une fin de vie naturelle vs
l’aide médicale à mourir Nicolas Steenhout Directeur général de Vivre dans la dignité Maryse Gaudreault Députée provinciale de Hull et vice-­‐
présidente de l’Assemblée nationale. WINE & CHEESE CLOSING CEREMONY Friday 15, 2015 Time: 5:00-­‐8:00 Room: FSS 4007 To celebrate the end of the Conference, attendees are invited to participate in a Wine & Cheese closing ceremony! Prizes for the best presentations will be awarded during the ceremony. 32
PRESENTING AUTHORS | LISTE DES CONFÉRENCIERS ABDUL-­‐FATTAH, Hiba ABUNADA, Mohamed AWADIA, Alisha BEAUNOYER, Élisabeth BROWN, Andrew BUJAKI, Brad BURTON, Lynsey CAI, Corrina CAPALDI, Colin CARLUCCI, Samantha CELEBI, Seyda N. CHING, Erica CHOWDHURY, Wahida CICHONSKI, Michael CLOUTHIER, Sam N. COURTEAU, Solange CUMMINGS, Laura A. M. DE LAUNAY, David DENEAULT, Audrey-­‐Ann DENIS-­‐BOILEAU, Marie-­‐Andrée DESMARAIS, Philippe DESROCHERS, Alain ELIE, Aaron FERFACHE, Daphnée-­‐Sarah GEINOZ, Lara HÉBERT-­‐SEROPIAN, Benjamin HO, Natalie HUANG, Vivian HUDSON, Kate INGRAM, Victoria ISRAEL, Schekina JOLIN, Stéphanie KEOGH-­‐LIM, Daniel KESHAVARZI, Sara LEBLANC, Geneviève LEMAY, Julien LÉONARD, Marie-­‐Jeanne LÉVESQUE, Maude LEVINE, Shelby LIU, Jenny J. W. LY, Thanh LYMBERY, Susan MACGREGOR-­‐DENNIQUE, Stacy MARAS, DANIJELA MARSHALL, Edward MENDOZA, Monica MILLER, Benjamin MORAN, Chelsea NADON, Éva NARVAEZ LINARES, Nicolas NESRALLAH, Joseph PANARELLA, Michela PARVIN, Shahina M. PECK, Katlyn PROULX, Émilie RAMDEEN, Kylee ROBIDOUX, Raphaëlle RUTKOWSKI, Nicole SARMIENTO, Catalina SCHOENHERR, Jordan R. SENNEK, M. D. SILVERSTEIN, Kate SMITH, Julia SOOSAAR, Kayla SPINNEY, Chelsey STUHEC-­‐LEONARD, Andrea TANGUAY, Annick WALKER, C. M. WILLSON, Leanne R. WINKLER, Cynthia XU, Rebecca YEUNG, Winnie ZHAO, Steven 33
CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION | COMITÉ ORGANISATEUR Executive Committee | Membres de l’exécutif Chris Lepage President Président Myriam Beaudry Chair: Logistic & Registrations; Communications Responsable : Logistique et inscriptions; Communications Subcommittee: High School Liaison Sous-­‐comité : Liaison avec les écoles secondaires Chair: Logistic & Registrations; Responsable : Logistique et inscriptions Patricia B. de la Tremblaye An Gie Yong Subcommittee: Events; Communications Sous-­‐comités : Événements; Communications Chair: Website & Email Communications Responsable : Site web et communications courriel Subcommittee: Communications Sous-­‐comité : Communications Chair: Peer-­‐Review, Submissions & Proceedings Responsable : Évaluation par les pairs et programme Subcommittee: Communications Sous-­‐comité : Communications Angeline Tsui Chair: Peer-­‐Review, Submissions & Proceedings Responsable : Évaluation par les pairs et programme Idu Azogu Chair: Finance Responsable : Finances Danijela Maras Chair: Publicity & Sponsorship Responsable : Publicité et commandites Stephanie Leon Subcommittee: Communications Aziza Byron-­‐
Alhassan Chair: High School Liaison Subcommittee: Events Audrey-­‐Ann Deneault Sous-­‐comité : Communications Responsable : Liaison avec les écoles secontaires Sous-­‐comité : Événements Chair: Events Responsable : Événements Subcommittee: Communications; Peer-­‐Review, Submissions & Proceedings Sous-­‐comités : Communications; Évaluation par les pairs et programme Şeyda Çelebi Chair: Publicity & Sponsorship Subcommittee: Events; Peer-­‐
Review, Submissions & Proceedings 34
Responsable : Publicité et commandites Sous-­‐comités : Événements, Évaluation par les pairs et programme Subcommittee Members | Membres des sous-­‐comités Marie-­‐Claire Events; Logistics & Registrations; Dominique Publicity & Sponsorship Événements; Logistique et inscriptions; Publicité et commandites Leah Simpkins Logistics & Registrations Logistique et inscriptions Sara de la Salle Logistics & Registrations; Peer-­‐
Review, Submissions, & Proceedings; Website & Email Communications Logistique et inscriptions; Évaluation par les pairs et programme; Site web et communications courriel Trista Takacs Peer-­‐Review, Submissions, & Proceedings Évaluation par les pairs et programme Sean Lafontaine Finance; Events; Logistics & Registrations Finances; Événements; Logistique et inscriptions Najat Firzly Communications; Peer-­‐Review, Submissions, & Proceedings Communications; Évaluation par les pairs et programme Carleigh Sanderson High School Liaison; Peer-­‐Review, Liaison avec les écoles secondaires Submissions, & Proceedings Évaluation par les pairs et programme Tina Yuan Graphic designer; Publicity & Sponsorship Graphiste; Publicité et commandites Marie-­‐Andrée Légère Communications; Logistics & Registration; Peer-­‐Review, Submissions, & Proceedings Communications; Logistique et inscriptions; Évaluation par les pairs et programme Marisa Murray Events; High School Liaison; Publicity & Sponsorship Événements; Liaison avec les écoles secondaires; Publicité et commandites Odilia Yim Peer-­‐Review, Submissions, & Proceedings Évaluation par les pairs et programme Nicole Aitken Peer-­‐Review, Submissions, & Proceedings Évaluation par les pairs et programme General Volunteers | Bénévoles Bradley Harding Christophe Tremblay H. Nur Çelebi Marie-­‐France Hébert 35
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