Read the overview 2014
Transcription
Read the overview 2014
SME 2014 ANNUAL REPORT ON SME TRENDS “ EDITORIAL In France, as in other places in the world, more than 9 out of 10 businesses are micro-businesses or SMEs, most of which are independent. They do not therefore fall into a homogenous category, far from it. Many countries have found it an economic and political necessity to have an overview of these businesses – from Japan, which has used SME reports for fifty years, through to New Zealand, which has just published its first report, along with for example Thailand, India, the US, Belgium, Croatia and the European Union. For ten years now, Bpifrance’s SME Observatory has performed this task for France with the backing of over forty partners. Researchers, business leaders, regional and national policy makers, journalists and those involved in providing support or finance for businesses will all find in this Annual Report on SME Trends – which has been extended to include intermediate-sized enterprises – figures and analyses providing summaries or in-depth information as required on their demographic trends, activity levels, hiring policies, methods of finance, performance in innovation, international expansion, and more besides. The initial crucial phase involved correlating disparate pieces of data and explaining methodology. Now this has been successfully completed, the challenge today lies in sharing the information with as many people as possible. The 2014 report therefore comes in an open-data format, offering readers the opportunity to download the information contained in its 200 tables and graphs. It is also being transformed into an “all-digital” report, so it can be updated as and when information becomes available. So choose a subject and let yourself be guided through its content, then make sure you share it with everyone you know! Enjoy! The SME Observatory team 02 02 Bpifrance•SME 2014 OSEO•PME 2012 OVERVIEW France has over 3 million micro-businesses, totalling 95% of the companies established in the country. Their business activities include small-scale commerce, services and construction. SMEs are involved in all types of business activity, while the intermediate-sized enterprises are concentrated in industry. Although 99% of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) is made up of micro-businesses and SMEs, almost one in five intermediate-sized enterprises and large companies located in France is involved in it. FEWER CREATIONS FACED WITH AN INCREASING NUMBER OF FAILURES The downward trend in start-ups seen in 2013 has become widespread. It now affects not only most sectors and 8 regions out of 10, but also the emergence of new innovative activities. The upsurge in one-person businesses has not been sufficient to offset the sharp fall in new “auto-entrepreneur” (French simplified selfemployment scheme) registrations. In 2 instances out of 10, ownership of an SME or intermediate-sized enterprise changes as a result of passing it down within the family. The decision to transfer a business is influenced more by business size than by the transferor’s age. A lack of buyers coupled with the fact that managers are becoming older is undermining the growth prospects of these businesses. The business failure rate is still well above pre-crisis levels, and has risen in half of all regions. Microbusinesses and B2C are the hardest hit. The situation would seem to have improved in 2014. BUSINESS IS STILL FLAGGING FOR MOST SMES The activity of SMEs that are not micro-businesses faltered once again in 2013. Value added is following the same trend to a lesser extent and the drop in profitability is having an adverse effect on the level of investment. The capital expenditure rate has therefore been driven down to a low of under 15%. Industry is suffering more than the other sectors from the gloomy economic environment in France, which also explains the very depressed state of the construction industry. For 2014, however, the expectations of the heads of micro-businesses and SMEs suggest a slight improvement. Micro-businesses and SMEs employ 7 million people, while intermediate-sized enterprises employ 3 million. Because of the high proportion of “auto-entrepreneurs”, only 5% of new businesses have employees. Although self-employment is still growing, the number of employees continued to fall in 2013, in particular in industry where temporary work served to cushion the impact of the crisis. A slight upturn is discernible for 2014, with the number of new jobs slightly exceeding the number of job losses in the first six months of the year and an increase in hiring plans in all organisations regardless of their size. R&D, INNOVATION, EXPORT AND PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS IN RESPONSE TO THE CRISIS Driven by the very small businesses, the number of SMEs involved in export has risen to 117,000. Their sales, which target markets outside Europe, remain strong, while companies with over 250 employees are seeing their sales slip back. One French multinational in two is an SME, often forming part of a group. Export is a precondition of their international presence, and their regional location in France influences their choice of country when locating subsidiaries. Despite the 2013 context of fewer public procurement contracts, SMEs, which hold 8 out of 10 contracts, have nevertheless strengthened their position. Local authority procurement tends to favour local suppliers, and mostly involves SMEs. SMEs have maintained a significant level of R&D and innovation. They incur one quarter of corporate inhouse R&D expenditure and are more intensively engaged in R&D than the average for businesses located in France. This involvement is also demonstrated by their share of the total research tax credit [Crédit d’impôt recherche, CIR], which amounts to one third, and of the total patent applications made by French legal entities (1 in 5). It is also demonstrated by the fact that over 7,000 of them belong to competitiveness clusters and 3,000 qualify for the young innovative enterprise tax status [Jeune entreprise innovante, JEI], which they retain on average for five years. THE FINANCIAL FRAGILITY OF SMES IS INFLUENCING THEIR METHODS OF FINANCE The increase in labour costs and production taxes is shrinking the margins of SMEs that are not microbusinesses, except for those in the transport sector. Their profitability is deteriorating again, but they are rebuilding their cash positions. Self-financing is 03 Bpifrance•SME 2014 picking up again and the consolidation of proprietors’ equity is continuing. In the craft industry, one third of businesses have seen a drop in their activity, have inadequate margins or are under-capitalised. SMEs that are not micro-businesses are making greater use of bond borrowings and factoring – SMEs and micro-businesses account for one half of the invoices being discounted through factoring, whereas one craft business in three prefers to self-finance its capital expenditure. Demand for bank loans and overdrafts by French micro-businesses and SMEs is nevertheless in better shape than that of their European counterparts. The SME Observatory thanks all the contributors to the 2014 edition: • Afic – French Private Equity Association • Altares-D&B – Major French independent B2B information provider Trade credit enables debtors to ease their cash positions, so payment practice in Europe has struggled to improve very much. France, unfortunately, is at the top of the league for “small” delays in payment. • ASF – The French Association of Specialized Finance Companies In most OECD countries, credit terms with regard to collateral requirements are becoming tougher for micro-businesses and SMEs, including in the Eurozone. The French economic environment is in line with the European average, in spite of its interest rates being amongst the lowest. In Asia, SMEs have little access to bank finance, and alternative sources are only in their very early stages. • Banque de France – Central Bank of France To ease cash flow and encourage SMEs to maintain levels of investment in tangible and intangible assets, a wide range of national and European measures – taken by the European Commission and the European Investment Bank – have been introduced to help SMEs access external finance and to keep their risk exposure on innovation projects down. THE FINANCIAL MARKETS ARE PICKING UP With €6.5 billion devoted to equity investment in 2013 in some 1,600 companies, the French venture capital industry is still one of the strongest in Europe. In contrast, the downward trend in the amount of money flowing into innovation mutual funds [Fonds communs de placement dans l’innovation, FCPI] and the fall in their investment in innovative businesses has persisted. After cutting their involvement sharply as of 2009, insurance companies and mutuals have once again become the top subscribers to funds, ahead of the public sector, which is taking a contrarian stance once again this year to counter natural market failures made worse by the difficult economic environment. Bpifrance has subscribed €1.2 billion in capital itself, and invested €1.3 billion alongside its partners. The pace of flotations on Enternext, the small & mid cap market, shot up in 2013 with 26 IPOs and 29 quoted bond issues. • ECB – European Central Bank • EIB – European Investment Bank • Bpifrance – The French bank for public investment • CNCRES – National Observatory on Social Economy • Enternext • Groupe BPCE – Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Épargne cooperative banking networks • Inpi – National Institute of Intellectual Properties • Insee – National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies • Institut supérieur des métiers – French organisation for fostering craft sector • Ministry of Economy, Industry and Digital Economy • Ministry of National and Higher Educations and Research • Ministry of Finance and Public Accounts, Customs • Observatory for Business Financing • Observatory for Public Procurement • OECD – Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development • Pramex international – Consulting firm for international development and transactions 04 02 Bpifrance•SME 2014 OSEO•PME 2012 ADDITIONAL ANALYSES AN ENHANCED DIGITAL VERSION NOUVELLES MESURES Innovation, Développement durable UN NOUVEAU PROGRAMM E D’INVESTISSEMENTS D’AVENIR (PIA 2) LA CESSION-TRANSMISSION DES PME-ETI EN FRANCE, UN ENJEU DE CROISSANCE A LA SUITE DE L’ANNONCE NCE PAR LE GOUVERNEMENT FRANCE » EN JUILLET DU PLAN « INVESTIR 2013, UN DEUXIEME POUR LA PROGRAMME D’INVESTISSEMENTS D’AVENIR DE 12 MD€ A ETE INSCRIT DANS LA LOI N° 2013 DE FINANCES 2013-1278 DU 29 POUR 2014. DECEMBRE NEW MEASURES 12 MD€ INVESTIS ENTRE Alain Tourdjman, Thomas Le Dret Groupe BPCE 2014 ET 2024 Le PIA 2 s’inscrit résolument au service de deux • le renforcement objectifs : de la compétitivité • le caractère ; durable À côte de la recherchedu développement de l’économie nationale. et de l’enseignement gique, l’Industrie, supérieur, il donne l’innovation ion et le soutien la priorité à la aux PME. transition écoloLA TRANSITION ÉCOLOGIQUE QUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE Au-delà delà de la part EST AU CŒUR DE significative des CE NOUVEAU gique, plus de investissements 3. R&D directement consacrés PROGRAMME la moitié des investissements ET conditionnalité. à la transition écolosont en effet B. Entrepr INNOV soumis à des critères d’éco- eneuria ATION LE SOUTIEN À L’INNOVATION 2. Les t innova jeunes ET AUX PME DEMEURENT En matière de soutien nt entrep DES PRIORITÉS FORTES utien à l’innovation, • 300 M€ pour le ont ainsi été mis rises innova soutien aux Projets en place : de • 150 M€ pour ntes en le soutien à l’innovationR&D structurants pour la compétitivité 2013 complément des de 150 M€ de subvention rupture, via le concours mondial (PSPC) ; • 120 M€ pour le Innovation 2030, prévus au titre Fonds national du PIA 1 ; en d’innovation. INSTITUE Enfin 1 Md€ est EN 2004, fléché ché sur des prêts BENEFIC LE DISPOSIT aux PME, via Bpifrance. IAIRES, IF JEI EMPLOIS A DES > Voir le tableau OUVRE REDUCTI de toutes les mesures HAUTEM DROIT, du PIA 2 en page APRES ENT QUALIFIE ONS D’IMPOT POUR suivante. AVOIR RÉFORME DU STAT ETE MODIFIE ET DE Graphique 2 – Degré de préparation des dirigeants de PME à une cession partielle ou totale de leur entreprise En % Oui, la cession est tout à fait préparée Non, n'ont rien préparé mais pensent le faire Non, la préparation n'est pas une préoccupation for further reading POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN Moins de 40 ans 6 15 65 40-44 ans 45-49 ans 50-54 ans 55-59 ans 8 12 69 11 20 53 12 16 53 31 20 35 60 ans et plus 36 13 28 Source : étude BPCE (enquête réalisée par CSA, juillet-septembre 2011). Copyright : sauf spécification contraire des entités propriétaires des données, ces dernières peuvent être réutilisées, mais seulement à des fins non commerciales, dans le respect de l'intégrité de l'information et des données, et à condition de mentionner précisément les sources. UT JEI S, NOTAMM S ET DE LES ENTREPR EN SAVOIR PLUS CHARGE LA DEGRESS ISES EN LOI ENT LES RENFORC REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE IVITE DES DE INGENIE S SOCIALES E PAR (2014). 2014). Rapport SUR EXONER FINANCES 2011 URS ET d’avenir,, annexe LA SUITE, relatif à la mise LES CHERCHLES ATIONS au projet de loi en œuvre et au (INTROD AVEC de finances pour REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE suivi des investissements UCTION 2015. DES PREMIERSOCIALE EURS. (2014). 2014). Investissements S), LE DE PLAFON RÉFORME d’avenir. DISPOSIT S EFFETS DS IF A ETE A PARTIR En 2011, S DE 2011 DU 1 ER une l’État JANVIER d’éconoréforme sur 2012. le dispositif entrant miser 70 dans JEI est par salarié le dispositifM€. Pour ce faire, votée en et par en de plus projet établisse 2011 comme de nouvelles de loi limiter de 4 ans. de finances pour règles Cette ment est introduit l’impact celles sont pour les réforme ainsi qu’undéjà présente mises en pour permettr entreprise a été réaména place eà s. Un taux de RÉFORME s à 40 pour gée en dégressiv plafond d’exonérles JEI M€ à partir Le projet S POUR 2014 loi de ité pour du 1 er ation de loi janvier finances rectificat (PROJET les entreprise vant, 1 de finances le 2012. DE LOI ive 2011 s égalemecode général pour DE FINANC pour 2014 nt la partir prolonge dégressivdes impôts ES POUR de prévoyai le dispositif ité des 2014) développ2011. Enfin, t l’arrêt il assouplit exonérat ement du dispositifJEI au 31 de prototyp en incluant décemb le critèreions de cotisation au 31 es ou re 2016 de dans d’installa s sociales décemb le champ réalisatio (auparations pilotes n de patronalere 2013). des de nouveaudépense dépenses minimale s mise Il supprime s les efforts en place x produits) s de recherch à d’innova . tion (concep e et Exonérat tion ion fiscales : site des Exonérat impôts ions des cotisation LELARGE s sociales Claire patronale de services (2008). s : site « Le dispositif de R&D de l’URSAFF », SESSI, Jeune HALLÉPÉE Le 4 Pages, entreprise Évaluatio Sébastien n° 245, innovant mai 2088 n, septemb et HOULOU e a dynamisé -GARCIA re 2012 les jeunes Antoine entreprise (2012). Évaluatio s n du dispositif JEI, Coll. !!!!! DGCIS … 322 186 NORD – PAS-DE-CALAIS GUADELOUPE open data PICARDIE HAUTENORMANDIE 83 148 BASSENORMANDIE BRETAGNE 167 119 PAYS DE LA LOIRE 119 CHAMPAGNEARDENNE CENTRE 252 168 93 1 083 ÎLE-DEFRANCE 106 157 BOURGOGNE LORRAINE MARTINIQUE ALSACE FRANCHECOMTÉ COMTÉ GUYANE 66 !!!!! !!!!! ! Fin de ce « Pour en savoir POITOUCHARENTES Plus » 1 !!!!! 73 LIMOUSIN 97 !!!!! AUVERGNE 50 !!!!! ! LA RÉUNION 433 RHÔNE-ALPES AQUITAINE MIDIPYRÉNÉES 219 179 186 359 PROVENCEALPESCÔTE D’AZUR ST-PIERREET-MIQUELON LANGUEDOCROUSSILLON 30 MAYOTTE CORSE A DIGITAL WORKSPACE SUIVEZ L’ACTU LATEST NEWS news digital mobility comment sharing functions REPORT PUBLISHED BY BPIFRANCE To buy a copy of the SME 2014 Report • www.ladocumentationfrançaise.fr • in bookshops To access the digital version go to • www.bpifrance-lelab.fr/rpme2014/EN February 2015 232 pages ISBN: 978-2-11-009779-8 Bpifrance 694004 A / February 2015 Price: €30 To catch up with the latest news • @BpifranceLeLab • #RapportPME