Gross domestic expenditure on research and development

Transcription

41
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development
As a percentage of GDP and by source of funds
Dépenses intérieures brutes de recherche et développement
En pourcentage du PIB et répartition par source de financement
Source of funds (%) / Source de financement (%)
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Albania
Albanie
Algeria *
Algérie *
Argentina
Argentine
Armenia
Arménie
Australia
Australie
Austria *
Autriche *
Azerbaijan
Azerbaïdjan
2
Bahrain *
2
Bahreïn *
Belarus
Bélarus
Belgium
Belgique
3
Bermuda
3
Bermudes
Bolivia (Plur. State of)
Bolivie (État plur. de)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnie-Herzégovine
Botswana
Botswana
Brazil
Brésil
Brunei Darussalam
Brunéi Darussalam
Bulgaria
Bulgarie
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
Burundi *
Burundi *
Year
Année
2007
2008
2003
2004
2005
2010
2011
2012
2011
*2012
*2013
2008
*2010
*2011
2012
2013
2014
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
2011
*2012
*2013
4
2011
5
2012
4
2013
2001
2002
#2009
*2009
2012
2013
2005
#2012
2010
2011
2012
2002
2003
2004
2011
2012
2013
#2007
2008
2009
2009
2010
2011
Higher
education
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
Business
enterprises
Government
Entreprises
Etat
*0.1
*0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.6
*0.3
0.3
0.2
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.8
2.8
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
2.2
2.2
2.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.0
#0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
*0.0
*0.0
* #0.0
0.6
0.6
0.7
*0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
*1.6
*3.3
...
...
...
22.3
23.9
21.3
...
...
...
61.9
...
...
44.0
44.1
44.5
9.5
9.6
#30.5
...
...
0.0
45.8
46.6
43.8
60.2
...
...
...
...
...
18.0
16.0
5.2
...
1.2
1.8
...
5.8
47.0
45.2
43.1
8.8
6.7
#1.6
16.9
20.8
19.5
...
16.5
11.9
...
...
...
*79.7
*80.8
...
...
...
72.7
71.6
74.0
*59.4
...
66.3
34.6
...
...
1
39.4
1
39.1
1
38.7
89.7
88.6
#68.2
...
...
68.4
45.5
43.9
48.3
23.4
...
...
...
...
...
21.0
20.0
51.2
...
24.8
25.4
...
73.9
51.1
52.9
54.9
91.2
86.8
#91.0
38.8
31.5
31.6
72.3
#10.3
9.1
...
...
...
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Enseignement
supérieur
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
Not
specified
Non
précisé
*6.8
*8.6
...
...
...
3.4
2.9
3.1
0.0
...
...
0.1
...
...
...
...
...
0.1
0.2
#0.8
...
...
0.0
0.0
...
...
2.9
...
...
...
...
...
33.0
31.0
26.6
...
0.0
0.0
...
12.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
0.0
0.0
#7.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
...
21.9
12.2
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
1.1
1.1
1.0
...
...
...
1.8
...
...
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.7
1.5
0.3
...
...
1.2
0.0
...
...
0.6
...
...
...
...
...
17.0
19.0
2.1
...
0.0
0.0
...
0.7
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.3
0.5
...
1.2
1.3
...
...
...
*12.0
*7.4
...
...
...
0.6
0.5
0.6
*3.4
...
2.8
1.6
...
...
16.2
16.4
16.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
...
...
30.4
8.7
9.5
8.0
13.0
...
...
...
...
...
11.0
14.0
1.9
...
48.7
53.9
...
6.8
...
...
...
0.0
6.6
0.0
43.9
46.3
48.3
24.5
#43.5
59.6
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
*37.2
...
30.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
13.2
...
25.3
18.9
...
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
6.6
5.9
...
...
...
Science and technology — Science et technologie
455
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (continued)
41
Dépenses intérieures brutes de recherche et développement (suite)
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Cabo Verde
Cabo Verde
Cambodia *
Cambodge *
Canada
Canada
Chile
Chili
6
China
6
Chine
China, Hong Kong SAR
Chine, Hong Kong RAS
China, Macao SAR
Chine, Macao RAS
Colombia
Colombie
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Croatia
Croatie
Cuba
Cuba
Cyprus
Chypre
Czech Republic
République tchèque
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
Rép. dém. du Congo
Denmark
Danemark
Ecuador
Équateur
11,13
Egypt
11,13
Égypte
El Salvador
El Salvador
Estonia
Estonie
456
Year
Année
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
2011
*0.1
2002
2011
2012
*2013
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
2010
2011
2012
*2011
*2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
2009
2010
2011
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
*2013
2011
2012
2013
2007
2008
2009
2011
2012
*2013
#2009
2010
2011
2011
2012
2013
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
2
0.1
1.8
1.7
1.6
0.3
0.4
0.4
1.8
1.9
2.0
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.1
*0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
#0.3
#0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
9,10
0.1
9,10
0.1
9,10
0.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.3
2.2
1.7
Higher
education
Business
enterprises
Government
Entreprises
Etat
...
*100.0
...
48.4
47.4
46.5
25.4
33.9
35.0
7
73.9
7
74.0
7
74.6
8
47.7
...
8
49.7
...
...
...
29.8
34.2
29.0
28.7
20.7
18.9
38.2
38.2
42.8
15.0
15.0
20.0
11.0
10.9
...
37.7
36.4
37.6
...
...
...
61.2
*60.0
59.8
11
0.2
11
1.0
11
0.4
...
...
...
0.6
1.4
2.8
55.0
51.3
42.1
2
17.9
*34.4
*34.3
34.9
40.4
33.7
36.0
7
21.7
7
21.6
7
21.1
47.3
...
45.6
...
...
90.6
46.0
42.0
45.8
53.0
62.6
62.0
48.2
45.5
39.7
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.6
66.4
...
41.7
36.8
34.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.2
*29.1
29.3
11
41.2
11
40.2
11
28.5
...
...
...
70.1
24.9
11.7
32.8
38.3
47.2
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Enseignement
supérieur
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
Not
specified
Non
précisé
...
...
...
0.0
...
*7.5
*8.6
8.9
12.7
9.6
9.4
...
...
...
0.1
...
0.0
...
...
8.1
16.3
16.4
14.8
...
...
...
1.7
1.7
1.7
...
...
...
3.9
4.6
...
0.9
0.9
0.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
7.5
11
9.6
11
8.1
...
...
...
20.8
54.2
74.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
43.0
3.7
3.8
3.9
1.7
1.6
2.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.3
5.6
5.0
8.0
2.8
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.3
...
...
...
0.5
0.7
...
0.0
0.0
0.1
...
...
...
3.6
*3.8
3.8
11
0.5
11
0.5
11
0.5
...
...
...
0.0
0.2
2.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
28.4
6.0
5.9
6.0
19.8
21.3
17.5
7
1.3
7
1.0
7
0.9
4.9
...
4.7
...
...
0.0
2.3
2.4
2.4
1.7
11.8
6.5
11.7
14.4
15.5
5.0
5.0
10.0
14.1
17.5
...
19.7
25.9
27.2
...
...
...
7.1
*7.2
7.2
11
9.8
11
5.3
11
4.5
...
...
...
8.3
19.3
9.2
11.9
10.0
10.3
10.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.7
4.6
11.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
12
40.8
12
43.4
12
58.1
...
...
...
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Statistical Yearbook 2013 (Fifty-eighth issue) — Annuaire statistique 2013 (Cinquante-huitième édition)
41
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Ethiopia
Éthiopie
Faroe Islands
Îles Féroé
Finland
Finlande
France
France
Gabon
Gabon
Gambia
Gambie
Georgia
Géorgie
Germany
Allemagne
Ghana
Ghana
Greece
Grèce
Guam
Guam
Guatemala
Guatemala
Honduras
Honduras
Hungary
Hongrie
Iceland
Islande
India
Inde
Indonesia
Indonésie
Iran (Islamic Rep. of)
Iran (Rép. islamique d')
Iraq
Iraq
Higher
education
Business
enterprises
Government
Année
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
Entreprises
Etat
Enseignement
supérieur
2007
2010
2013
*0.2
#0.2
0.6
...
10.8
0.8
71.7
56.0
79.1
0.0
1.1
1.8
2003
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
*2013
2007
2008
2009
*2008
*2009
2011
2005
17
#2013
17
2014
2011
2012
*2013
2007
2010
2011
2012
2013
...
3.6
3.4
3.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
2.8
2.9
2.9
0.2
#0.4
0.7
0.7
0.8
20.4
67.0
63.1
60.8
55.0
55.4
...
...
19.7
29.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
65.6
66.1
...
50.9
#0.1
32.7
31.0
30.3
...
#25.0
26.7
26.0
35.2
35.0
...
95.6
76.5
58.1
...
...
3
38.5
...
...
...
29.8
29.2
...
36.6
#68.3
49.2
50.4
52.3
...
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.3
1.2
...
0.4
0.5
9.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.7
0.3
2.3
2.0
2.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
47.5
46.9
46.8
50.4
47.8
49.9
...
...
...
8
*14.7
...
...
30.9
...
...
...
...
0.0
100.0
*18.3
*19.9
*23.5
...
...
...
38.1
36.9
35.9
38.8
40.2
40.0
...
...
...
84.5
...
...
61.6
...
...
15
100.0
15
100.0
15
100.0
Year
2001
2010
2011
2012
2002
2003
2004
2011
2012
2013
2008
2009
#2011
2009
*2010
*2011
2001
* #2009
*2013
2008
13,19
#2009
13,19
2010
2009
2010
2011
...
*0.0
*0.1
*0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.5
2.7
2.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
*0.1
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.3
0.3
11,13,17
0.1
11,13,17
0.0
11,13,17
0.0
14
...
*30.9
*27.7
*27.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
1.4
...
...
...
0.2
...
...
7.5
...
...
...
...
...
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
Not
specified
Non
précisé
0.7
0.0
0.2
27.0
30.0
2.2
0.5
2.2
16.0
0.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.8
0.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
45.6
...
...
...
0.4
0.4
...
0.0
0.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
18.7
6.5
8.8
11.5
7.8
7.6
...
4.0
3.3
3.1
...
...
3
15.9
...
...
...
4.2
4.3
...
12.0
31.2
14.8
15.8
14.0
60.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
...
...
...
18
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
...
*50.8
*52.4
*49.0
...
...
...
13.5
15.4
16.6
10.0
11.4
8.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
3,15,16
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.7
...
...
0.0
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
457
41
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Ireland *
Irlande *
20
Israel
20
Israël
Italy
Italie
Jamaica
Jamaïque
Japan
Japon
Jordan
Jordanie
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kenya
Kuwait
Koweït
Kyrgyzstan
Kirghizistan
Lao People's Dem. Rep.
Rép. dém. pop. lao
Latvia
Lettonie
Lesotho *
Lesotho *
Lithuania
Lituanie
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Madagascar
Malaysia
Malaisie
Mali
Mali
Malta
Malte
Mauritius
Maurice
458
Higher
education
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
Business
enterprises
Government
Entreprises
Etat
Enseignement
supérieur
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
*2013
2001
2002
2011
2012
2013
2002
2008
2011
2012
2013
2007
2010
9
2011
9
*2012
11,13
2013
2009
2010
2011
1.6
1.5
1.6
4.1
4.3
4.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
0.1
0.1
3.4
3.3
3.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
*0.4
#0.8
*0.1
0.1
#0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
52.2
49.7
50.3
39.3
35.6
...
45.1
44.3
...
...
...
76.5
76.1
75.5
...
...
51.6
...
28.9
16.8
#4.3
5.2
...
1.4
...
...
#38.6
29.4
28.3
27.3
11.4
12.1
...
41.9
42.6
...
...
...
*16.4
*16.8
*17.3
...
...
24.9
...
63.7
26.2
#26.0
94.8
...
93.0
...
...
#57.7
0.9
0.8
0.6
2.2
1.8
...
0.9
0.9
...
...
...
*5.8
*5.8
*5.9
...
...
16.4
...
...
26.2
#19.0
...
...
0.2
...
...
#1.4
2002
2011
2012
2013
2004
2009
2011
2011
2012
2013
2011
#2012
*2013
2009
#2010
2011
2010
2011
2012
2007
2010
2011
2012
2013
3,17
2004
3,17
2005
2012
*0.0
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.0
2
0.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
*0.2
*0.1
*0.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
19
*0.3
11
0.7
0.7
0.9
*0.9
0.4
0.4
11
#0.2
*36.0
24.9
23.7
21.8
...
3.4
...
28.2
26.5
27.5
47.8
...
20.5
...
...
...
59.6
55.0
60.2
*10.1
...
51.0
45.0
*44.4
...
...
11
0.3
*8.0
22.5
23.9
23.9
...
15.0
...
42.2
39.7
34.5
30.5
...
...
15
89.4
15
100.0
15
100.0
36.4
41.4
29.7
*40.9
#91.2
28.5
32.1
*33.9
100.0
100.0
11
72.4
Year
Année
*2.0
1.6
2.0
2.7
...
2.8
16
44.7
1.0
0.5
0.1
0.1
...
0.1
...
...
...
3.6
3.1
2.5
0.0
...
2.0
1.3
*1.3
...
...
11
20.7
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
Not
specified
Non
précisé
0.5
0.5
0.4
1.8
1.7
...
3.1
2.8
...
...
...
0.8
0.8
0.8
...
...
6.9
...
...
13.2
#3.5
0.0
...
5.5
...
...
0.0
17.0
20.8
21.4
45.5
48.8
...
9.1
9.5
...
...
...
0.5
0.5
0.5
...
...
0.3
...
0.8
17.6
#47.1
...
...
0.0
...
...
#0.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
...
6.6
0.0
0.0
...
...
0.0
...
...
#1.5
*54.0
51.0
50.4
51.6
...
...
3.5
28.4
33.2
37.1
20.4
...
...
10.6
...
...
0.4
0.3
4.6
*49.0
8.8
18.1
21.3
*20.3
...
...
11
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
78.9
51.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.1
0.2
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
0.0
14
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.2
0.2
0.8
1.2
...
1.6
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
0.3
0.3
*0.2
...
...
11
0.1
41
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Mexico
Mexique
Monaco *
Monaco *
Mongolia
Mongolie
Montenegro
Monténégro
Morocco
Maroc
Mozambique
Mozambique
Myanmar *
Myanmar *
Namibia
Namibie
17
Nepal *
17
Népal *
Netherlands
Pays-Bas
New Zealand
Nouvelle-Zélande
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Nigéria
Norway
Norvège
Oman
Oman
Pakistan
Pakistan
Panama
Panama
Paraguay
Paraguay
Peru
Pérou
Philippines
Philippines
Year
Année
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
2011
2012
2013
2004
2005
2011
*2012
*2013
2007
2011
#2013
2003
2006
2010
9
2006
2008
2010
2000
2001
2002
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
*0.2
0.2
0.2
1.2
#0.4
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
11,21
*0.2
11
#0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
2010
2008
#2009
2010
#2011
2012
*2013
2007
2009
2011
2002
2007
2011
2012
2013
*2011
2012
2013
2009
2011
11,13
2013
2009
2010
2011
2008
2011
2012
2002
2003
2004
2003
2005
2007
Higher
education
Business
enterprises
Government
Entreprises
Etat
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Enseignement
supérieur
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
Not
specified
Non
précisé
36.8
35.7
31.7
...
...
*11.4
...
8.3
...
22.3
42.3
12.3
22.7
29.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
59.6
60.8
65.5
97.0
98.8
*65.5
...
74.0
...
44.6
31.7
40.3
26.1
23.1
...
31.1
15
18.8
...
...
...
2.2
1.9
1.5
...
...
*1.3
...
1.8
...
17.9
3.5
47.4
48.6
45.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.7
0.8
0.7
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
4.6
3.0
...
...
...
0.7
0.8
0.7
...
...
*3.9
...
4.9
...
15.3
22.5
...
2.6
1.7
...
64.3
78.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
3.0
1.2
*18.0
...
11.0
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
*0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.2
1.3
1.3
19.8
...
...
...
49.9
48.2
47.1
40.7
39.0
40.0
78.6
...
...
...
35.5
35.0
34.3
42.2
44.7
41.4
0.0
...
...
...
0.3
0.5
0.4
8.7
8.3
9.5
0.0
...
...
...
3.3
4.0
3.9
3.7
2.8
2.8
1.5
...
...
...
10.9
12.3
14.3
4.8
5.2
6.3
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.2
44.2
...
43.2
4.6
29.9
24.6
...
...
...
3.6
3.4
18.9
0.3
4.3
0.9
...
...
...
69.1
62.6
62.0
96.4
46.6
...
45.8
41.6
47.8
48.6
84.0
83.9
75.3
50.0
53.9
46.7
76.2
57.8
82.6
...
...
...
21.9
25.6
26.1
0.1
0.4
...
0.5
32.1
22.0
24.4
12.1
12.3
20.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
9.2
18.9
3.7
...
...
...
4.8
6.0
6.4
1.7
1.1
...
1.0
...
0.3
0.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
16.4
14.0
8.7
2.1
2.1
2.9
...
...
...
0.4
0.7
0.9
1.0
7.8
...
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.9
1.3
25.0
22.7
20.7
12.3
16.9
7.7
...
...
...
3.8
4.8
4.1
0.6
...
...
...
21.7
0.0
*2.3
1.3
1.3
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
...
...
...
0.1
0.3
0.6
19
11
0.2
1.6
1.6
1.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
11,13
0.5
11,13
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
459
41
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Poland
Pologne
Portugal
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Porto Rico
Qatar
Qatar
Republic of Korea
République de Corée
Republic of Moldova
République de Moldova
Romania
Roumanie
Russian Federation
Fédération de Russie
Saint Vincent-Grenadines
Saint-Vincent-Grenadines
Saudi Arabia *
Arabie saoudite *
Senegal
Sénégal
Serbia
Serbie
Seychelles
Seychelles
Singapore
Singapour
Slovakia
Slovaquie
Slovenia
Slovénie
South Africa
Afrique du Sud
Spain
Espagne
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
3
Sudan *
3
Soudan *
460
Higher
education
Business
enterprises
Government
Année
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
Entreprises
Etat
Enseignement
supérieur
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
*2013
2009
2013
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.5
1.4
1.4
0.5
0.4
28.1
32.3
37.3
44.7
46.0
...
...
65.4
55.8
51.3
47.2
41.8
43.1
...
...
24.9
2.4
2.6
2.1
5.4
3.6
...
...
8.9
2012
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
#2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
2001
2002
17
2007
2008
2009
2008
2010
2011
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
#2011
2012
2013
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
2006
2008
2010
2003
2004
2005
0.5
3.7
4.0
4.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
22
0.7
22
0.9
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.3
2.0
2.2
2.0
0.7
0.8
0.8
2.4
2.6
2.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.3
1.3
1.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
Year
24.2
73.7
74.7
75.7
...
...
...
37.4
34.4
31.0
27.7
27.2
28.2
...
...
...
...
...
4.0
4.1
9.2
5.8
7.5
...
...
...
53.1
55.3
53.4
33.9
37.7
40.2
61.2
62.2
63.9
40.1
39.0
38.3
44.3
45.6
46.3
8
19.1
8
19.9
#40.9
...
...
...
31.2
24.9
23.9
22.8
...
...
...
49.1
50.0
52.3
67.1
67.8
67.6
...
...
...
...
...
57.1
47.6
63.5
51.3
59.5
...
...
...
40.2
38.1
38.5
23
49.8
23
41.6
23
38.9
31.5
28.7
26.9
44.5
43.1
45.4
44.5
43.1
41.6
15
65.2
15
71.8
55.9
...
...
...
36.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
...
...
...
1.2
1.0
1.2
0.8
0.8
1.0
...
...
...
...
...
0.3
0.0
21.8
33.7
25.1
...
...
...
1.8
1.6
2.2
1.9
1.7
2.7
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.8
4.0
3.9
4.1
24
0.0
24
0.0
0.2
...
...
...
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
Not
specified
Non
précisé
0.3
0.4
0.2
2.1
2.1
...
...
0.5
13.4
13.4
13.1
6.0
5.2
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.3
5.6
0.4
0.5
0.5
...
...
...
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
...
...
...
...
...
0.3
3.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
18
0.0
18
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
2.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
9.4
...
11.8
12.1
14.4
15.5
4.3
4.0
3.0
...
...
...
...
...
38.3
40.5
5.5
9.2
7.8
...
...
...
4.9
5.0
5.9
14.2
18.7
18.0
7.0
8.6
8.9
12.1
15.0
13.1
6.7
6.7
7.4
4.8
4.3
2.7
...
...
...
0.1
...
...
...
90.6
...
88.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.1
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10.9
4.0
0.3
...
...
...
41
Expenditure on R&D
as a % of GDP
Country or area
Pays ou zone
Sweden
Suède
Switzerland
Suisse
Tajikistan
Tadjikistan
Thailand
Thaïlande
TFYR of Macedonia
ex-R.Y. de Macédoine
Togo
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinité-et-Tobago
Tunisia
Tunisie
Turkey
Turquie
Uganda
Ouganda
Ukraine
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates *
Émirats arabes unis *
United Kingdom
Royaume-Uni
United Rep. of Tanzania
Rép.-Unie de Tanzanie
United States
États-Unis
United States Virgin Is. *
Îles Vierges américaines *
Uruguay
Uruguay
Viet Nam
Viet Nam
Zambia
Zambie
Year
Année
2011
*2012
23
2013
2004
2008
2012
2011
11,13
2012
2013
2007
2009
2011
2011
2012
2013
2010
2012
2010
2011
2012
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2011
2011
*2012
*2013
2007
2010
2010
2011
2012
2005
2006
2007
2010
2011
2012
2002
2011
*2004
*2005
2008
Dépenses en R&D
en % du PIB
3.2
3.3
3.3
2.7
2.7
3.0
11,13
0.1
0.1
11,13
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.4
11
0.3
11
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.5
1.7
1.6
1.6
11
*0.3
11
*0.4
4
2.7
4
2.8
4
*2.8
...
...
...
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
#0.3
Higher
education
Business
enterprises
Government
Entreprises
Etat
57.3
...
61.0
69.7
68.2
60.8
7
1.7
...
...
43.9
41.4
51.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17.1
17.9
18.7
45.8
46.8
48.9
4.3
8.2
13.7
27.2
...
29.0
...
45.9
45.6
46.6
...
0.1
4
#57.2
4
58.6
4
*59.1
...
...
...
47.1
8.5
15.0
18.1
28.4
...
...
#3.2
27.7
...
28.2
22.7
22.8
25.4
7
82.1
...
92.5
36.7
37.9
30.5
...
...
...
88.3
84.9
...
...
...
15
78.1
15
77.5
15
76.9
29.3
28.2
26.6
52.3
48.1
21.9
46.0
...
47.7
...
30.5
28.7
27.0
60.6
57.5
4
32.6
4
31.2
4
*30.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.9
30.8
33.0
74.1
64.5
...
...
#94.8
Private
non-profit
Funds
from
abroad
Institut.
privées
sans but
lucratif
Fonds de
l’étranger
0.9
...
1.0
1.5
2.3
1.2
7
0.1
...
0.2
13.5
17.8
13.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
20.9
21.1
20.4
0.0
17.6
1.0
0.2
...
0.2
3.0
...
3.1
0.8
0.7
0.6
...
...
...
0.9
0.3
0.5
...
...
...
...
3.1
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
3.4
3.3
0.1
0.1
6.1
0.0
...
0.1
11.1
...
6.8
5.2
6.0
12.1
...
...
0.2
1.6
1.0
2.5
...
...
...
11.7
12.1
...
...
...
4.8
4.6
4.4
0.7
0.6
0.8
43.2
26.1
57.3
25.8
...
21.6
...
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.0
0.3
4
3.0
4
3.0
4
*3.0
...
...
...
26.6
45.2
43.4
8
0.7
3.1
...
...
...
...
4.8
4.7
4.7
1.1
0.1
4
3.5
4
3.4
4
*3.3
...
...
...
0.9
0.1
0.9
25
0.0
0.0
...
...
#0.3
Enseignement
supérieur
...
17.8
19.8
20.7
38.4
42.0
14
3.7
14
3.8
14
3.8
...
...
...
1.7
6.5
7.7
6.3
4.0
...
...
#1.6
Not
specified
Non
précisé
...
...
...
...
...
...
7
15.1
...
7.1
3.5
1.6
1.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
...
...
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
...
1.3
...
...
...
...
...
0.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.8
8.9
0.0
0.8
0.0
...
...
0.0
461
41
Source:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) Institute for Statistics, Montreal, the UNESCO Institute of Statistics
database, last accessed November 2015.
Source:
L'Institut de statistique de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour
l'éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO), Montréal, la base
de données de l’Institut de statistique de l'UNESCO, dernier accès
novembre 2015.
1
2
3
4
Including other classes.
Higher Education only.
Overestimated or based on overestimated data.
Excluding most or all capital expenditures.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Current costs only.
For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special
Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.
5
6
7
8
9
10
The sum of the breakdown does not add to the total.
Including private non-profit.
Government only.
S&T budget instead of R&D expenditure.
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Excluding business enterprise.
Including business enterprise.
Excluding private non-profit.
Included elsewhere.
Including higher education.
Including Government.
R&D budget instead of R&D expenditure or based on R&D budget.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Included in business enterprise.
Excluding government.
Excluding Defence (all or mostly).
Excluding Higher Education.
Excluding data from some regions, provinces or states.
Underestimated or based on underestimated data.
Included in government.
Included in Higher education.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Comprend d’autres catégories.
Enseignement supérieur seulement.
Surestimé ou fondé sur des données surestimées.
A l’exclusion des dépenses d'équipement (en totalité ou en grande
partie).
Coût actuel seulement.
Pour la présentation des statistiques, les données pour la Chine ne
comprennent pas la Région Administrative Spéciale de Hong Kong
(Hong Kong RAS), la Région Administrative Spéciale de Macao
(Macao RAS) et la province de Taiwan.
La somme de toutes les valeurs diffère du total.
Y compris les fonds privés à but non lucratif.
Etat seulement.
Budget pour la science et technologie au lieu des dépenses de
recherche et développement.
Ne comprend pas les entreprises commerciales.
Y compris les fonds d'entreprises.
Non compris les organisations privées à but non lucratif.
Inclus ailleurs.
Y compris l'enseignement supérieur.
Y compris l'état.
Basé sur le budget de la recherche-développement au lieu des
dépenses.
Compris dans les entreprises commerciales.
Non compris l'état.
A l’exclusion de la défense (en totalité ou en grande partie).
Non compris l'enseignement supérieur.
Non compris les données de certaines régions, provinces ou états.
Sous-estimé ou basé sur des données sous-estimées.
Compris dans gouvernement.
Compris dans Enseignement supérieur.
462

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development

Transcription

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