1987 01 Domey Goal Setting Part1

Goal Setting
piWIiiA
The First Steps to being a shooting champion:
Setting goals hy lichari Lo Domey, Ph. D
Parti
E
From the very first day my coach said,
"You've gotta know what you want to do.
Don't shoot 'til you know". I lifted the old
octagon barrelled rolling block rifle, sighted through the open buckhorn rear sight
across the halfpenny front sight. The grey
jack rabbit had stopped under a sage brush
his long ears quivering to pick up our
sound. I gently squeezed the trigger thinking only of the coach's admonition,
"Think center." The .22 short barked and
the rabbit went down. Thosefirstshooting
lessons stressed being mentally as well as
physically ready before firing the shot.
Later when I tried target competition he
would stress thinking about the goal I was
trying to accomplish. "Think only of the
perfect shot," he often said, "Tens happen
when you stop worrying about shooting
sevens." I don't remember what brand
that old roUing block was, but I do remember his advice on goalds or "Knowing what
you want to do" as he called it. He would
be pleased to hear me passing on the same
advice today as I coach young shooters at
the U.S. Olympic Training Center. I tell
them, "Winners have a clear picture of
what they want. They focus on the good
shots, not on the bad shots."
That advice is not only for young shooters. It is the very foundation of success at
all levels of competition. Shooters, whether they compete in international rifle,
pistol, running game, or shotgun, all have
one major factor in common if they are to
be successful. That common need is to
maintain absolute control ofthe firearm in
moments of extreme stress and thus to
control where the shot goes. Careful physical control depends upon good mental
control. Successful coaches are teaching
athletes to have mental as well as physical
and technical training sessions.
These articles outline some of the fundamentals of mental training taught in the
shooting sports at the U.S. Olympic Training Center and at Germany's Deutscher
Schiitzenbund SchieB-Sportschule. America's Certified Coach Program teaches
this general philosophy. I have heard
World Record holders, Ernie Vande
Zande and Lones Wigger as well as U.S.
coach. Bill Pullum, speak on the same topic. The concepts have been tested by
champion shooters and other athletes
throughout the world. Among the many
books pubhshed on the subject, I highly
recommend two excellent volumes available in paperback: Peak Performance by
Charles A. Garfield, published by Warner
Communications, New York, and In
Search of Excellence by Terry Orlick published by Human Kinetics Publishers,
Champaign, Illinois. Every serious athlete
and coach should study these.
How might this mind-over-body training work for you? I usually break the general topic into four main areas all of which
are interelated and have a necessary order
of study as each step lays the foundation
for the next. They are 1) the setting of
goals, 2) mental rehearsal, 3) positive
thinking and 4) the use of aflirmations. All
should be a major part of any athlete's
mental training program. The logical continuation from goal setting would be to
that of planning the annual training schedule.
Goal setting gives
Priority and Direction
to shooting Activities.
Goal setting is the blueprint for excellence and perhaps the most important step
in the process of athletic training or life in
general. Deciding on a goal gives a direction to your efforts. To establish goals you
first must know something about them
and how to use them. Setting goals for life
or for the shooting sports requires a mature analysis of where you are now and
where you want to go. One of the keys to
achieving goals is to establish increments
or steps each promising a high probability
of success. This allows you to control the
course of change and the progress toward
the goal.
Here are some simple rules that should
followed when formulating goals.
1) Goals should be realistic in that they
should be attainable. For the beginner in
any sport setting a goal for the next
Olympic gold medal is not realistic. However, setting goals that call for completing
a training plan, finding a coach, and preparing for the regional championships within twelve months are all realistic goals
that have a reasonable chance of success.
2) Goals should be challenging. They
should not be too easy. If a goal does not
require effort or sacrifice it is often not reguarded as important enough to work at. It
also will not get much support from your
friends or coaches. If you shoot well
enough to be competitive on the state or
province level then setting a goal to be
competitive at the national level will require effort that is worthy of sacrifice and
support.
3) Goals should be explicit. It is not
enough to say, "I want to be good." The
question must be answered, "How good?"
The goal must be explicit enough to be
able to measure success or failure. "I will
plan, prepare, practice, and be willing to
sacrifice in order to be competitive enough
to win the medal." I personally like specific
score goals which are easy to measure. But
this type of goal should not mean thinking
about the future score when you should be
thinking only about the present shot.
4) The goal must be timelv. It must have
a realistic deadline for being accompHshed. Desires without deadlines aren't
goals, they are simply wishes. As we know,
"wishing doesn't make it so." You could
say, "I will be prepared to win by June,
1988." Note you didn't say, "I will win in
June, 1988." That is unreaMstic because it
does not take into consideration the possibility that someone else will shoot a higher
score. For example, a proper goal would
be stated, "I will prepare to shoot 597
prone by June, 1988." Reaching that goal
would bring you to the level where you
should be capable of winning.
I sat in the bleachers at the awards ceremony forthe 1984U.S. Olympicteam trials
as the names were being read for the winners and the U.S. Olympic team members. I
heard one of the world's most competitive
shooters who was sitting near me say, "I
should have been out there standing on
that winner's stand. I planned everything
carefully. I shot just exactly the scores I
had planned. They just weren't high
enough to win." This world famous athlete was still successful in terms of his performance. However, that level of performance wasn't high enough to win the medal. Disappointed? Most certainly! But
still successful. If we are to have continued
success we should plan in terms of our
own levels rather than in terms of where
we stand when measured against others.
And finally, 5) goals should be written
down, shared with those who can help,
and reviewed dailv.
I will continue the topic of goal setting in
the next issue of the UIT Journal when we
will discuss the actual writing of goals.
6t
lyoy aSnzjoAaq qoiyuosjaj „^uauu|AiaS nz
ayyrepaj^ aip ran 'mas nz gnuaS §|qB|zuaj
-jn5|U05yran'uaguuq nz Jajdg u|a 'raas jiaj
-aq nzBp pun 'uajararejj 'uajrajaqjOA qoira
'uaqoBra au^yd ay)jam qoi"' "puys uajjaAV
-aq nz jqaray qoBUBp Syojjagip^ pun Syojjg
gBp 'uias uassuran JByiy os gnra yayz SBQ
•yyim uap jam uBra jnS am 'ua§Bs gnra UB]^
•„uapjam jnS ajqoora lyoy" :uagBS nz 'jqoiu
jgnuag sg •uias xem uayyos ayayz (£
•JS|
jjam gunzjnjsjajun pun Jajdo Jsyy^ way
-yB ayp 'ujapjojja gunguajjsuy sup 'ups
nz giqBjzuajjmyuoiy auaqg jayBUoyjBU JUB
'yayz SBp pJiAi uuBp 'uyas nz g|qByzuajjn5[
-uo5y auaqazu|AOJJ japo -sapuBq JUB ran
'uagaiqos gnuag jng a|s u u a ^ •uararao^y
-aq jau|BJX raajqj japo uapunajt| uajqi
UOA gunzjnjsjajufi ranB:^ qonB jnjBp
uapjaAv a|s 'uajiBnag jjaMsuaqajjsja jnj
jqoyu saqoyos syB sa pjm 'jjapjojja jajdQ
qoou aqnp\j japam yayz uia uua/^ 'uias qoBj
-uia nz jqoiu uajyyos ays 'uayyajsjBp gum
-apJojsuBjafi auya uajyyos ayayz ^IG iZ
' 'SlojiajnB
aouBqQ agyjjunujaA auya jBiy pun 'qBUsjia3[
-qo|y5[JiAi JSI 'uajiajaqnzjOA uajjBqosjajs
-lajAi ayBuoyga JjnB uajBuo]/^ jx UOA auuBds
-JPZ Jaup u| qo|s pun 'uaqons nz jaurejx
uaup 'uagaynzjsaj raraBjgojdsguyuiBJX
u p qoopaf qo|s "uazjas nz ayyreparapyof)
aqosidraAyo ajsqoBu aip jnB qosijsiyBaj
-un sa jsy jJBjjodg japafra jaguBjuy uaup
jng "pms jBqqopjja qouB a|s j|raBp *u|as
qBusjyaifqoiy5[j|M uajyyos ayayz ^IQ (l
•uajyyos
uapjaM jajqoBaq uayayz UOA gumaiynra
-jog jap puajiyBM ayp 'jBp uyaga'g aqoBjuya
agyup uayyajs aj^yuUtj uapuagyoj aiQ
•uararao5[ jaqBU
yayz raajqi os pun uajayyyojjuojy uaguriiyo
-pAiqY qonB ayg uauuo^y qojnpBQ "piiAi
jqoiyjyjiALiaA qonB jya5|qoiyu|aiyosjqB^
uagojg jaup jira uauqi UOA auyazuya sapaf
JiraBp 'uagaynzjsaj asyaMjjijqos ays 'sa jsy
'uaqoyajja nz ayayz Q^m S^M JSJsq^ys rag
"uayyoAi uaqag aysraqompun uaqajs juara
-oj^ ra| a|s OAi 'jgpzjnB a|p 'asAyBuy ajpj
aup ujapJojja uagaiqosjjodg SBp jnj japo
uaqag SBp jnj uagunzjasyayz "uauuoii
uapjaM jpuBMaguB ays ayM 'uapjaM nz JByry
qoBUBp qoys ran 'uaguByja nz assyujuua^j
-punjx) 'g|jou jsqoBunz sa jsi 'gunzjas
-yayz jnz 'gunjqor^ aup uagunqnraag uaj
-qi jq|g yayz uya jny gunppqosjug arag
•jdnBqjaqn uaq
I -ag ra| a|Mos 'sgurarejx uaqos|jayqjB sap
•gunqosjjaqaqjsqyas
gazojxrayjjuqos ajsg|jqoiM jap jqoiayyayA
pun 'uagunjspydox UOA uaqoyajjg SBp aqoiyjadJ05[ qonB syB agyjspg yqoMOS
'5y|uqoax Jap gunqosjjaqag jap uaqau 'uaj
jnj gunzjassuBJOA 8|p JS| gunzjasyayz
-ayqjy uajqy uajqay jauyBJx aqoyajgyojjg
§Ulim3|^ 9|llIllipS9C| pim
•qB gunqosjjaqaqjsqyas uagyjsiag jap UOA
aiHiiniii3mij3S Ha|B||Ap5|Bg9iii3S nap
qoopaf jguBq ayyojjuo^yjsqyag aqoyyjadjo^y
HlppaA Siinziaspfz 3|Q
ajno 'gunjqoyjgnqos a|p jaqn ayyojjuo^
ayp jyraos pun gunuuBdsuy jaraajjxa
•sauBydsgu|U|BJjsajqBX saup uagayjsag ua^yoyyquagny uy ajyBy^ jap gunqosjjaqag
SBp JjiJqos aqosygoy ajsqoBu jap ajBM uag auararao5[yyoA ayp jsy auya sasayQ •uayyoM
-unzjasyayz uap qoB|sj^ 'uayayds ayyo^ agojg uyas qoyajgyojja ays uuaM 'raBsuyaraag sau
auya uajayqjy jayyB raraBjgojdsguiurejx -ya uaqBq 'uajayjjn5[U05y uajdraB^yjjaMuaq
-iiBjjjn^ japo 'uaqyaqos apuajuBy '-uayojs
agijspg SBp jny uajyyos ajjyunj asaya
-yg '-jqaMao uayBuoijBUjajuy ray unu ays
sraraBjgojg
uaA|j|sod sauia gunzjasqojnQ '\ qo 'uazjnqos ayyy -uauaqajdraBjyjja^ uay
ua:!yuaQ saAiJisoj '£ -yB juB gyojjg uap jnj agBypumx) ayp jsy jg
gunjpjaqjOA agijspo 'i •jaguBjuy jnj jnu jqoyu jyyg JB>I jasayQ
„'uajqoayqos ayp ran
gunzjasyayz 'I
:jjapayygagjnB jgyoj aiM puis jqoyu qois uagjos pun assnqos uajng ayp
uaraaqx 3|a 'japunjgaq Braaqx apuag jnB qoys uaja|jjuazuo5i a|s "uayyoM ays SBM
-yojguBJBp SBp jny agBypumo ayp jJuqos 'uoABp gunyyajsjOA ©J^y^y auya uaqBq jag
japaf Bp 'uayyos uapjaM uararaouagjUB -ays" :uauqy agBS qoi •aqagjajiaM ranjjuaz
agyojuaqya^ uajraraijsaq jaup u| syiaM -sguyuyBjg-Sfl uaqosydraAyoTOBtiazjnqos
uagunf gunyqajdrag aqopyg ayp jauiBjg
-af uajaypnjs rayaq pun uaqajs gunqaizag
uy japuBupnz ayyB uauap UOA 'aqopjaq syB qoy gBp 'ajgim ja uuaM 'uanajj jaqo
-jdnBH ja|A u| Braaqx aupraagyyB SBp lyoy -ys qoys apjuM jg -ajgayid uagBS nz ja aiM
ayiaj aspA\jayBrajo|si ^uajyaqjajyaM jsya£) '„jsyyyM unj np SBM 'uassyM nz" - uaiyuap
uap qojnp aijajBp^ jap gunqosjjaqag nz yayz sBp UB jnu 'sjauiBjg sauyara jB-g
uap UBUBuag qoyra ajauuyja qoy jaqB 'gnjj
jauya guyuiBJX sasayp uauqi sjuuo^y ai^^
•uasay g|jyB|gjos Jaqong as jqaMa-9 ajyB SBp gunuqoyazaqua^yjB]/^
-a|p ajyyos jauyBJx pun jayqjv ajjBquassiM auya Jty SBM 'jqara jqoyu gyoM qoi „"uag
-ag japaf 'syouyyyi ugredraBqo 'sjaqsiyquji -ayqos nz jauaqays uagjos nz jaqnjBp qoys
soyjaurg uBrann UOA uaqagagsuBjaq pun 'jBq poqagjUB UBra uuaM 'uBra jgayqos jau
jyoiyjQ jtijax UOA uaqayjiyosag (gunjsiay -qaz" "Ja ajyoqjapayM '„uaqagnzqB gnqos
-jsqooH jnz agaM.) aouayyaoxgjo qojBag uaj5iajjad uauya 'uBJBp jnu 5juaQ" -aj
iq pun tifjo^ Maj^ 'suoyjBoyunraraoQ -JBq jzjasag jyra qoy SBp 'ua^yuap nz yayz sBp
jaujB^ UOA uaqagagsnBjaq 'pyaijJBQ UB jnu 'juBJBp lyjarauaSny uyara jauiBJX
•y sayjBqo UOA uaqaijqosag (gunjspyuaz uyara aj^yuay 'ajqoBra uagayqosuaqyaqos
-jids) aouBlujqpaofpaX: JJOMSuayqajdraa uy aqonsjaAuajsja auyara qoy syB 'jajBds
•uajyajaq
jiyas 'puys uaqBq nz jaqonquaqosBX syB
ayp 'apuBQ apuagBJJOAiaq laMz puis jaqo -nzjoA 'qoiyjadjojf qouB aiM gyjsyag yqoMOS
-ng uajqoBjqagsnBjaq Braaqx SQsayp jaqn uagayqos SBp jnB 'qoyra 'qoy ajraay sjqoyj
jap yqBzyaiA J3p Jajujg •uapJOM jjmdai -jajungayqog sap uapunjs uajsja uauaf ui
WMx uazuBg jap uy uajayqjy uajapUB pun •uapog nz 5yuBS asBH •i3p ptm ajqoBJiy jqaM
uazjnqosjajsiajf UOA puys uapoqjapj ayQ -agzjn^i -jz SBQ •„j3iundyajjyM uap JUB
•uajoq uaqoajds Braaqx s^^PlS SBp jaqn qoyp ajaujuazuo^" :sjau|BJX sauyara gunu
ranyynj yyyg JauyBJX-SIl ^i^P W^"^ syB 'jai -qBrajg ayp UB jnu qoy ajqoBp 'ajpmpqB
-gy^ sauog pun apuBZ spuBA ayujg 'jaj gyjqoysjoA qoy syy "sun UOA qosni3ja{) uya
-yBqpJO^iajjya^ ayp yqoMOS aqBq qoi 'aiqd jnB uajqo uaguBy uauyas jyra ajqosuBy pun
-osoyiqd jasaip agnzpunjo ayp jjqay ysjg 'j:^oajsjaA gnjyag uaqosiuB5[yjaraBpJOU
uyraraBjgojdsguiuyBjgayyayzigo SBQ "uap raauya jajun qoys jyayq asBqsyasg auBjg
-jaM jjqayag puByqosjnaQ uy sapunquaz jaQ •„ujo;3-Auuag-jyBH" sBp pun arararj
-jnqos uaqosjnaQsap aynqosjjods-gaiqos -ujoqqosjyii auajyo ayp jaqn ajyaiz pun
jap UB punramjuazsguyuiBJX-Sfluaqosyd jqaMagpoya ajyB SBp raqBU qoy „"jgpM
-raAyo UJB uagayqosjjodsrayayp 'guiuiBJX jqoyu sa UQ joAaq 'jqoyu gaiqos 'jsyyyM unj
sagyjsyag jnj uagBypunj£) jap agyuya jaqn UQ SBM 'uassiM uBuag jgnra UQ,, jauiBjg
uyara ajyoqjapaiM UB gBX uajsja raoA
lyoyyqjaqfi uaup uaqag yaiyyjjy asayQ
1^1 1
iiapiam nz az||m3Sia|sp|f upran'appnas iiaisia ^^
•liifliei
l U l l P S IBOQ
mw%
Goal Setting
m.
J} ein bestimmtes Ergebnis als Ziel, well es
einfach zu bewerten ist. Aber diese Art
von Ziel soil nicht bedeuten, an das zukiinftige Ergebnis zu denken, wenn Sie
sich nur auf den gegenwartigen SchuB
konzentrieren sollten.
4. Das Ziel mufi einen_vemiinftigen
Zeitraum haben. Es muB innerhalb einer
realisierbaren Frist erreichbar sein. Wiinsche allein ohne Termine worauf man hinarbeiten kann, sind keine Ziele sondern
nur einfache Wiinsche. Wir wissen, daB
das Wiinschen es allein nicht schafft. Sie
konnen sagen: „Ich werde mich auf einen
Sieg in Juni 1988 vorbereiten." Beachten
Sie, daB Sie nicht sagten: „Ich werde im Juni 1988 gewinnen". Das ware unrealistisch,
well es die Moglichkeit nicht in Betracht
zieht, daB noch jemand ein hoheres Ergebnis schieBen wird. ZumBeispiel wiirde
ein angemessenes Ziel lauten: „Ich werde
mich darauf vorbereiten, 597 Ringe liegend im Juni 1988 zu schieBen." Das Erreichen jenes Zieles wiirde Sie auf das Niveau bringen, aufdem Sie die Moglichkeit
haben sollten, zu gewinnen.
Ich saB wahrend der Siegerehrung der
Ausscheidungskiimpfe fiir das US Olympiateam 1984 auf der Tribiine, als die Namen der Gewinner und der Mitglieder der
US-Olympischen Mannschaft bekanntgegeben wurden. Dort h5rte ich einen der
erfolgreichsten Schiitzen der Welt, der
nicht weit von mir saB, sagen: „Ich woUte
aufdem Siegerpodest stehen. Ichhabe alles sorgfaltig geplant. Ich habe genau das
mir gesetzte Ergebnis erreicht. Aber es
war nicht hoch genug, zu gewinnen." Dieser weltberiihmte Athlet war doch hinsichtlich seiner personlichen Leistung erfolgreich aber seine Leistungsebene war
nicht hoch genug, um zu gewinnen. Ent-
tauscht? Selbstverstandlich! Aber trotzdem erfolgreich. Wenn wir Erfolg auf
Dauer haben mochten, sollten wir unsere
Leistungsziele schrittweise auf unsere Fahigkeiten stiitzend aufbauen und nicht,
verglichen mit dem Standort, den wir einnahmen, wenn wir uns mit anderen messen.
Und schlieBlich:
5. Ziele solltenniedergeschriebenwer:
den, denienigen mitgeteiU werden. die
uns helfen konnen und tagMLgepruft
werden.
Ich werde das Thema in der nachsten
Ausgabe des UIT Journals fortsetzen, in
der wir die schriftliche Formulierung der
Ziele besprechen.
Goal Setting
lllilAli
Devenir un champion ie tir, les premiers pas se ixer un hut
par lichari L. Domey, Doctenr en phylosopMe
lere partie
Mon entraineur n'a cesse de repeter, dequis le tout premier jour: «Tu dois savoir
exactement ce que tu veux faire. Ne tire
pas tant que tu ne le sais pas». Je pris la
vieille carabine, ajustai la visee par I'ouverture de la hausse et le guidon. Le lievre
gris aux longues oreilles se tenait cache
dans I'armoise nord-americaine et nous
pretait I'oreille. J'appuyai prudemment
sur la gachette en ne pensant qu'aux recommandations de mon entraineur: «Ne
pense qu'au coup parfait», disait-il souvent, «tu n'arriveras a tirer un dix que lorsque tu auras fini de penser a des sept.». Je
ne me rappelle plus la marque de cette carabine mais je me souviens tres bien du
conseil de mon entraineur: ne penser
qu'au tir - «savoir ce que tu veux» comme
il aimait a repeter. II serait heureux d'apprendre queje donne aujourd'hui le meme conseil, en ma qualite d'entrameur,
aux jeunes tireurs du centre olympique
d'entrainement des USA. Je leur dis: «Les
champions savent exactement ce qu'ils
veulent. lis se concentrent sur les bons
coups et ne se preoccupent pas des mauvais».
Ce conseil ne vaut pas seulement pour
les debutants. II est a la base du succes
dans toutes les competitions. Tous les tireurs, qu'ils participent aux competitions
Internationales de carabine, de pistoiet, de
cibles courantes ou aux epreuves ouvertes, ont une chose en commun quand ils
veulent reussir: c'est la parfaite maitrise de
I'arme dans un moment de tension extreme et le controle du sens de la visee. La
maitrise du corps depend du self-control
mental. Un tres bon entraineur apprend a
ses eleves a maitriser la technique aussi
bien que les facultes mentales.
Cet article donne un aperfu sur quelques donnees de base de l'entrainement
mental qui est professe au centre olympique d'entrainement des USA et a I'ecole
de tir de la federation allemande de tir. Le
programme d'entrainement officiel des
USA traite les elements fondamentaux de
cette phylosophie. J'ai entendu les detenteurs du record du monde, Ernie Vande
Zande et Lones Wigger, et l'entraineur de
I'equipe des EU Bill Pullum s'entretenir
sur ce sujet. Les methodes ont ete mises a
I'essai par les champions du tir et autres
athletes du monde entier. On retiendra ici,
parmi tous les livres qui sont sortis a ce sujet, deux livres excellents, paras en livre de
poche: Peak Performance (performance
de pointe) de Charles A. Garfield, edite
par Warner Communications, New York
et In Search of Excellence (a la recherche
de la haute performance) de Terry Orlick,
edite par Human Kinetics Publishers,
Chamaign Illinois. Tout athlete et entrai-
neur consciencieux ne devrait pas manquer de livre ces livres scrapuleusement.
Comment cet entrainement les a-t-il aide a maitriser la matiere par I'esprit. Normalement, je divise le theme general en
quatre parties principales qui sont en relation les unes avec les autres et les aborde
dans un certain ordre pour les etudier car
chaque pas forme la base du theme qui
suit. L'ordre des themes est le suivant:
1. Fixation d'un but
2. Preparation mentale
3. Reflexion positive
4. Usage d'affirmations
Ces points devraient occuper une position de choix dans le programme d'entrainement mental. Le pas logique qui suit la
fixation d'un but est I'elaboration d'un
programme d'entrainement annuel.
Se fixer un but ionne
prioiite et direction
aux activites i e tir
Lafixationd'un but est la condition sine
qua non de I'obtention de performances
de maitre et represente peut-etre le premier pas dans le processus de l'entrainement de I'athlete tout comme dans la vie.
Le fait de se decider pour un but place
vos efforts dans une direction. II est necessaire pour cela d'acquerir des notions de
base pour y voir plus clair lorsque elles seront apliquees. Lafixationd'un but dans la
vie ou dans le tir sportif est soumise a une
longue analyse qui montre le lieu ou vous
etes dans le present et le lieu que vous voulez atteindre. L'un des meilleurs moyens
de parvenir a sesfinset de fixer ses buts pas
a pas afin que chacun ait la possibilite de
reussir. Cela vous permet de controler le
cours de revolution et de vous rapprocher
du but.
Voici quelques regies simples que vous
observerez lorsque vous vous fixerez un
but:
1) Le but doit etre realiste afin de pouvoir etre atteint. Le debutant qui, dans
n'importe quel sport que ce soit, se fixe
pour but de gagner la medaille d'or aux
prochains Jeux Olympiques n'est pas realiste. Par contre, il est tout a fait realiste de
se fixer pour but d'etablir un programme
d'entrainement, de chercher un entraineur, de preparer les championnats regionaux. La possibilite de reussir est plus
grande.
2) Le but doit etre un defi. II ne doit pas
etre trop facile. Si le but ne demande pas
effort et sacrifice, on ne le considere pas
comme digne de se donner de la peine
pour lui. II ne trouve pas non plus I'appui
des amis ou de I'entrameur. Si vous tirez
assez bien pour pouvoir participer a des
competitions regionales et supra-regiona-
les, se fixer pour but de participer a une |r
competition regionale vous demandera
un effort qui en vaut la peine et qui sera appuye.
3) Le but doit etre explicite. II ne suffit
pas de dire:«Je veux etre bon». La reponse
a cette question est: «A quel point?» Le
but doit etre assez clair pour pouvoir mesurer la reussite ou I'echec. «Je vais planifier, preparer, m'entramer et etre pret a faire un sacrifice afin d'etre en mesure de gagner la medaille«. Je prefere pour ma part
la fixation d'un resultat comme but a atteindre parce qu'il est plus facile de s'evaluer... Cela ne veut cependant pas dire que
I'on doit penser au coup ulterieur quand il
ne faut se concentrer que sur le coup present.
4) Le but doit etre realisable dans le
temps. Le but doit pouvoir etre atteint
dans un delai convenable. Les desirs qui
n'ont pas de delai ne sont pas des buts, ce
ne sont que des desirs. Comme nous le savons «il ne suffit pas de vouloir». Vous
pourriez dire: «Je vais me preparer a gagner pour juin 1988. Notez que vous n'avez
pas dit: «Je vais gagner en juin 1988». Cela
n'est pas realiste car vous ne prenez pas en
consideration la possibilite que quelqu'un
d'autre obtienne un meilleur score. Un
vrai but doit etre statue de la fagon suivante: «Je vais me preparer a tirer 597 coups
couche pour juin 1988». Le fait d'atteindre
ce but devrait vous placer au niveau qui
vous mettra en position de vainqueur.
Je me trouvais a la tribune lorsque
I'equipe olympique des USA se vit remettre les prix pour les eliminatoires de 1984 et
que I'on publia les noms pour les vainqueurs et les membres de I'equipe olympique des USA. A cote de moi, un des meilleurs tireurs du monde s'ecria: «C'est moi
qui devrait etre a sa place sur le podium.
J'avais tout calcule, scrupuleusement. J'ai
exactement tire les points que je n'etais
fixe. Mais ils ne suffisaient pas pour m'assurer la victoire«. Cet athlete de renommee mondiale avait remporte une victoire
sur le plan personnel, maissa performance
ne suffisait pas pour gagner. De^u? Bien
sur! Mais tout de meme vainqueur. Si
nous voulons reussir quelque chose, il faut
parler en termes qui correspondent a nos
facultes et ne pas se comparer aux autres
en un autre lieu.
5) Notez vos buts, faites-en part a ceux
qui peuvent vous aider et remettez-les
tous les jours en question.
Je poursuivrai ce theme dans le prochain numero de I'UIT-Journal et aborderai le probleme de la formulation des buts
a I'ecrit.
51
•sauij sojjsanu jBynrajoj ap BjauBra
By ap opuBjBjj Braaj ajsa uoo ajBuuyjuoo
yBUjnof-xifl yap uoyoypa Bunxojd By u g
•oyjByp B JBuyraBxa A jBp
-UAB uapand sou anb soyyanbB B jBoyunraoo
'ojijosa Jod asjBjouB uaqap sauij sog (g
orayjyn jod A
•opijjooaj Bi ouiraBO ya uoo opuBJBdraoo
ou A BpByaquB Bjara By uoo uoyoBJBdraoo
ua ojuairaipuaj ojjsanu JBgjByB soraaqap
'BgjBy By B ojyxa jauaj soraajanb ys "Jopao
-uaAogjBqraauys^ pjuarayBjnjB|s[! ^opBu
-oysnyysaQ7 "JBUBg BJBd oraoo ojyB ajuBjsBq
oy Bja ou sojuayraypuaj ap odraBO ns ojad
sopBjynsaj sns ua ojyxa oqonra opyuaj Byq
-Bq BjayjB osoraBj ajsg '^JBUBg BJBd ajuaio
-lyns oy BJO OU ojag "Biuodojd ara anb oy
opoj opBzuBoyB a n 'ojarasa opoj uoo opBj
-Bda Jd BiqBq 9j/s[ -JopBjunyjj yap jBgny ya jBd
-noo anb Biuaj o^,, :Bioap anb 'ira ap Bojao
opBjuas BqBjsa anb opunra yap sosoraBj
SBra sajopBjyj soy ap oun B IO yyyy •ooydraiyo
odynba yap sajuBdyoyjJBd soy ap A sajopao
-uaA soy ap sajqraou soy asjBoyyqnd yB Bunq
-UJ By ua o i BqByyBq ara 'y786T ua ouBoyjaraB
-ajJou ooydraiyo odynba ya BJBd SByjojBuyra
-|ya SBy ap soyraajd apBgajjua By ajuBjnQ
•jaouaA japod ap uoyo
-Bnjys By ua Bijpuod ay uij yanbB jyngasuoo
yg „"886I Qp oyunf ua a|d ap uoioysod ua
sojund f^g JBjyj BJBd JBJBdajd B AOA apj,,
oydraafa Jod Bijas ayqBuozBJ Bjara Bujg
•jofara opBjynsaj u n Bgysuoo OJJO anb ap
pBpyyyqysod By ainyoxa anbJOd oyjosnyi BI jas
ojsg „8g6y ap oyunf ua jaouaA B ioA„ sora
-yoap ou anb uaAjasqo •„886I ^P oyunf ua
JaouaA BJBd JBJBdajd B ioA a]^„: jyoap -spyg
uapang 'ajJBd Bunguyu B BA OU oyos ys Jod
oasap ya anb aqBS as B ^ •soasap saydrays
ouys 'soA|jafqo uos ou jqdrano B ozByd un
jBfij uys soasap ajuaraByos 'BjsyiBaj ozByd
un ua sayqyjoBj jas anb uauayg "ayqBuoz
-BJ ozByd un jBOJBqB uaqap sauij sog (f
•ojByparauy ap
jaoBq anb uauayj anb ojyj ya JBpyAyo A ozByd
ogjByB Bjara By ua oyos JBSuadB sayjyonpuoo
aqap ou ojsa ojag -jBJBdraoo ap yyoBj SBra
sa anbJOd Bjajouoo Bjara Bun jBfij ojaij
-ajd ajuarayBuosjad o ^ "^ByyBpara By JBjg
-oy ua jijadraoo japod BJBd oyjBsaoau sa is
soioijiJOBS jaoBq B ojsandsip iojsa 'arajBu
-ajjua 'arajBJBdajd 'sauByd jaoBq ojayn^,,
•SOSBOBJJ A sojixa ajuarayyoBj JBgznf uBp
-and as anb pBpyjByo BJUBJ UOO asjBfij aqap
UIJ yg "ojund anb BjsBq jyoap anb iBH -^jop
-Bjyj uanq un jas o jayn^,, J p s p BjsBq o|s[ ^
-uaraBJByo asjiuijap uaqap sauij sog (£
•oAodB opoj Bjao
-ajara anb A jBqohy Buad By BgyBA anb ya Jod
ozjanjsa un Bjas yBuoyoBU yaAyu B jyjadraoo
ap OAijafqo ns 'sayBuoygaj o sayBooy soj
-BuoadraBO ua JiuaAjajuy BJBd oraoo uayq
ajuaraajuayoijns soy BJIJ ys 'ayjBiodB B SOJ
-sandsyp UBJBjsa JopBuajjua ns yu sog|raB
sns 1^ •uopBynraa ap opyjuas ya BjyBj 'oio
-ijiJOBS yu ozjanjsa yu agyxa ou Bjara By op
-UBUQ "sayioBj opBysBraap jas uaqap o|vi"oi|
-Bsap un Jinjyjsuoo uaqap sauij sog (z
•ojyxa ap
sayqBuozBJ sapBpyyyqisod aoajjo A Bjsypaj
sa 'sayBuoygaj sojBuoadraBO BJBd sasara
II ajuBjnp asjBJBdajd A jopBuajjua un JBO
-snq 'ojuayraBuajjua ap uByd un asjBfij oyj
-BJjuoo ya Jog 'Boydraiyo ojo ap ByyBpara Bra
-ixojd By JBUBg ua JBsuad oyjosnyy sa BAyjJod
-ap pBpiyBpora jainbyBno ua ajuBydyouiJd
un BJBg •SBjsyyBaj jas uaqap sauij sog (y
:sauij soy JBfij yB Bjuano
ua jauaj anb iBq anb SByyiouas SBygaj SBU
-ngyB uBjuasajdaj sajuayngys sojund sog
•BJ
-ara By B asjBOjaoB A jygjns UBpand anb sau
-o|OB|Asap JByojjuoo uapand ysy •pBpyyyqBq
-ojd joiBra By uoo oun B oun opuayydrano
ji BJBd ajuaraBuyjByuBd soyjBfy 'sa sauij
sns Jingasuoo ap Bjngas BjauBra Bujg "jy uaj
-aynb apuopB A BJoqB UBjsa apuop ajjsanra
say anb BjuajB uoyxayjaj Bun uagyxa ojyj ap
ajjodap ya BJBd o Brasyra BpyA By BJBd soAyj
-afqo sog •BoijoBJd By B jBAayy ap UBq as ora
-00 ojByo ua jauod ogany A sooysBq sojuayra
-pouoo soy jyjynbpB sa jaoBq anb iBq anb
ojaraud oy 'opyngasjad u y yB JBgayy BJBJ
•sozjanjsa sns BJBdBjUBdByuayqraBjBOjBra
say Bjara Bun jyngasjad ua uoisyoap Bg
"Brasyra
BpyA By ua osnyouy 'ooyjayjB ojuayraBU
-ajjua ap osaoojd ya ua yBjuaraBpunj osBd
ya Bzynb sa 'pjooaj sopBjynsaj Jingasuoo
BJBd ayqBSuadsipuy sa OAyjafqo ya jBOsng
o q r a n i I S B | 9 | ^ OJJX s p
S9pBp|Ap3B SBI B B|S9M OApafqO j J
•yBnuB ojuayraBuajjua ap UByd un jBfiy
ya ajuaraBoygoy jas Bijaqap ajuayngys osBd
ya 'sopyngasjad soAyjafqo soy uoo opjanoB
OQ -sBjayjB soy sopoj ap BZUBuasua ap
yBnjoayajuy BraBjgojd ya ua oAisyoap yadBd
un JBuadraasap uBijaqap sojund sojsg
oA|j|sod BraBjgojd un ap uo|OBziyBa"a' >
BAijysod pnjyjoy •£
yBjuara uoyoBJBdajg 'z
soAyjafo 1
:isB uainqujsip as
SBraaj sog 'ajuamgis Braaj ya BJBd asBq By
Bjuasajdaj osBd BpBO anb Bi opBuyrajajap
uapjo un ua oypnjsa ya ua JBJBJJ uapand as
anb A ys ajjua uBuoyoByaj as anb sauoyooas
ojjBUo ua Braaj ya opiAyp yBjauag oy Jog -^nj
-yjidsa ya Jod ByjajBra By ap oiuyraop yap af
-BzypuajdB ajsa asjBoiyxa Bijpod oraoQ?
•ajuaraBjuajB
sojqq sojsa jaay Buaqap ayqBsuodsaj Jop
-Buajjua A BjayjB opog syouyyyi ugpdraBqo
'sjaqsiyqng soyjaurji UBrauH jod op
-Bjypa 'jyoyyjo iJJax Jod (uoyooajjad By ap BO
-snq ug) „aouayyaoxg jo qojBas ui„ A ^xox
BAani^i 'suoyjBoiunraraoQ JOUJBAI Jod opBj
-ypa A pyaijjBO -y sayjBqQ jod ojyjosa (pjoo
-aj ojuairaypua^) „aouBrajojjag 5[Bag„
•oyyysyoq ap uoyoypa ua sajuayaoxa
Z£
sauaranyoA sop sayqBpuaraooaj ajuarayByo
-adsa uos Braaj ya ajqos sopBoyyqnd sojqyy
ap ojaranuuys un ajjug 'opunra ya opoj ap
SBjayjB SOJJO A ojij ap sauoadraBO Jod Boyj
-OBJdua ojsand uBq as sopojara sog •Braaj
orasyra ya ajqos ranyyng yyyg ouBoyjaraBaj
-JOU JopBuajjua yB uayqraBj oraoo jaggyAl
sauog A apuBZ apuBA ayujg yBypunra pjoo
-aj ap sajBynjyj soy B OJUBJ jByqBq opyo a n
•BijosoyijBjsa ap soydyouudsoy Buasua -ygQ
•gg soy ua ojuayraBuajjua ap yBioijo Bra
-Bjgojd yg 'ojyx ap BUBraayy uoyoBjapag By
ap oAijjodaQ ojyx ap Byanosg By ua A OUBO
-yjaraBajJou ooydraiyo ojuayraBuajjug ap
ojjua3 yap OJIJ ap ajJodap ya ua uBuasua as
oraoo yBj yBnjoayajuy ojuayraBuajjua ya BJBd
sojysinbaj soy ap oungyB ajqos ojunfuoo
ap BjsyA Bun jBp uajaynb soynoijjB sojsg
•yBjuara
A ooysi} odraBO ya ua sorasyra is B asjBuiraop
B uaiqraBj ouys Boyuoaj By JBuyraop B oyos
ou sBjayjB sns B uaimjsuy sajopBuajjua saj
-ofara sog 'yBjuara yojjuoo-ojuB yap apuad
-ap ogjBqraa uys ooysiy yojjuoo-ojUB uanq
ufi -ByjojoaiBJj By ap yojjuoo ya 'Biouano
-asuoo ua A uoysuajBrayxBra ap sojuaraora
ua BrajB yap ojaydraoo oyuyraop ya ajaynb
-aj ojsg "Ojyxa ya :ui| orasyra ya uangysjad
'Bjadoosa o lyBqBf 'Byojsid 'ayyii ap sayBu
-oyoBiuajuy sojuaAa ua UBjydraoo Bi 'sajop
-BJij soy sopog "uoyoyjadraoo By ap sodraBo
soy sopoj ua ojyxa ya BJBd asBq By sg "sajuBid
-louyjd soy B Bjyrayy as ou ofasuoo ajsg
•„soyBra soy ua uBsuayd ou A sojyj souanq
ua uBjjuaouoo a s "uajaynb anb oy ap ojByo
OAyjafqo un uaua|j sajopBjunnj sog„ og
-|p sag "ouBouaraBajJou oo|dra|yo ojuayra
-Buajjug ap ojjuaQ ya ua sajopBjyj sauaAof
soy B uoioBpuaraooaj Brasyra By ogBq jopBu
-a jjua oraoo BJoqB o i anb ja A ap oqonra op
-BjgayB BijqBq as anb ojngas "jyoap Biyos ya
oraoo „sauodojd aj anb oy jaqBS,, 'oAyjafqo
ya ua oyos JBsuad ap JopBuajjua ira ap of
-asuoo ya ajuaraBJByo opjanoaj ojad yysnj of
-ayA ya Biuaj BOJBTO anb as ou BJ^ "^ajays un B
jBjyj ua JBSuad ap JBfap anb iBq zayp un JBJ
-Bdsyp BJBg,, "Bijadaj ara „ojoajjad ojBdsyp
un jaoBq ua oyos Bsuayg,, "opyngasjad OAyj
-afqo ya ua oyos JBSuad B jopBuajjua ya BqBg
-yyqo ara 'ojByd yB OJIJ ua SBqamd SBjaraiJd
SBy opBzuaraoo BiqBq opuBUo apJBj SB]/^
"ajuarayBjuara oraoo Boysij
OJUBJ oj|j yB arajBJBdajd B ipuajdB Bija jund
ap sauoyooay SBjarayjd SByyanbB u g "BJJ
-ayj jod oiBO ajqaq By i oyyBjsaj ^ j " ap ojjoo
ayjij yg •.jBJjuao ojund ya ua ajBjjuaouoQ,,
:jopBuajjua yra ap sauoiOBpuaraooaj SBy
ua oyos BqBsuad 'oyyyjBg ya uoiouBoajd uoo
jBjajdB yysopyru sajouara sojjsanu SBfajo
SBgjBy sns uoo BqBqsyjB A BsyraajJB ap oj
-snqjB un ap ofBqap BpBdBZBgB BqBjsa sijg
ajqaq Bg "Bjyra ap ojund ya i Bosanra By ap
Brayoua Jod ajundB i yysnj ofayA ya ajJBgy
•,,sBdas oy ou anb BjsBq sajBdsyp ofsj "sauod
-ojd aj anb oy jaqBS anb sauayg,, :JopBuajj
-ua |ra Bijadaj ara Bip jaraud ya apsap BJ^
§
fqo
ojp ap uoadum) nn jas B JB§9[ msd sosBd soiauiud soq
BujHes |B00
•Niinief