Association de Lutte Contre le Sida XIX International AIDS
Transcription
Association de Lutte Contre le Sida XIX International AIDS
Association de Lutte Contre le Sida XIX International AIDS Conference 22 – 27 juillet 2012 Washington DC - USA 1 Présentations orales 2 Dimanche 22 juillet 2012 Dimanche 22 juillet, 10:00 – 17:00, Workshop on HIV infection in the MENA Region Intervention de Pr Hakima Himmich: HIV testing and treatment in the MENA region – the case of Morocco Update on HIV testing and treatment in MENA region: the case of Morocco. H. Himmich Moroccan context. HIV prevalence in Morocco remains low in the general population (0,14%) and the estimated number of PLHIV is 28 000. However there is a concentration of the epidemic in MARPS (HIV prevalence is 5% among female sex workers, 5.7% among MSM and 7 to 22.5% among IDUs). HIV testing is not mandatory and has to be performed by physicians. Description. Despite the repressive laws, the Association for Fighting AIDS (ALCS) implemented, in close partnership with the Ministry of Health, the 1st ever NGO-run anonymous and free VCT site of the MENA Region in 1992, strongly targeting MARPS and, in 2004, HIV rapid testing in mobile VCT. ART was introduced in 1999 at Casablanca, in 2003 it was decentralized and available, free of charge, to all PLHIV with less than 300 CD4/mm3. CD4 count and viral load are available. Thanks to ALCS lobbying efforts, a comprehensive package care has been implemented, including ART, treatment of opportunistic infections, educational therapy and psychosocial support. Results. In 2011, VCT is mainly provided through NGOs in 52 VCT sites and 8 mobile units, with a good acceptability. However, the number of tests (57567, of which 85% by ALCS) remains insufficient. As a consequence, 50% of the diagnosis occurs at a late stage and only 10% of PLHIV know their HIV status. Accordingly, knowledge of HIV status is considered as the major obstacle to access to treatment. By the end of 2011, 4.047 PLHIV were receiving ART, in 9 specialized centers with a coverage rate estimated at 40%. Actually, all people eligible to treatment receive it without any discrimination and regardless of their behaviors. Educational program and psychosocial support are also available to all in need Next steps. To scale up HIV testing and access to treatment, ALCS is advocating to clear nonphysicians to perform testing and general practitioners to deliver ART. ALCS is also trying to advocate for the ban of MARPS' repressive laws. 3 Lundi 23 juillet 2012 Lundi 23 juillet, 12:30 – 13:45, Session “HIV funding in the MENA Region” in the MENA Networking Zone Intervention de Madame Fouzia Bennani Mobilisation de fonds, société civile. Lundi 23 juillet, 14:30 – 16:00, session “Drug Policy, Criminal Justice, and Human Rights” Human right as a key component of harm reduction strategy targeting people using drugs in Morocco H. Himmich1, O. Maguet2, M. Essalhi3, C. Caldéron2, R. Alaoui Hasnouni4, A. Kandil5 1 Association de Lutte Contre le Sida (ALCS), Casablanca, Morocco, 2CCMO Conseil, Paris, France, 3RDR Maroc, Tanger, Morocco, 4Association de Lutte Contre le Sida (ALCS), Tétouan, Morocco, 5Association de Lutte Contre le Sida (ALCS), Nador, Morocco Background : Morocco is facing a rising HIV epidemic among people using drugs (PUD). HIV prevalence among PUD ranks from 7% to 38% according to recent studies as HIV prevalence in general population is estimated to be 0.1%. This major change in epidemic pattern led Moroccan stakeholders to pay more attention to PUD. A first national harm reduction (HR) strategic plan (2008-2011) has allowed some needles and syringes programs as well as methadone for 80 people out of other HR services. But PUD are facing legal and social barriers acting as potential barriers for access to HIV prevention, care and treatment. Country is in need to assess those barriers in order to design a more comprehensive approach to mitigate and reverse HIV among PUD. Method : National HIV/AIDS community based organization ALCS has managed a cross sectional study in 3 North cities. 300 PUD recruited through outreach programs were asked to answer a questionnaire including 9 questions designed to assess human right violation from police officers, health professional and closed environment. Human right violation was defined as a break in national endorsed civil rights or break in national health good practices. Results : 99.8% of PUD have been victims of at least one of those 9 violations with following sub scores: 87% from police officers (eg. non legal custody) and 49% from health professional (eg. non access to emergency hospital units). 60% has faced situation closed to human exploitation with drug smugglers or other PUD (including sexual intercourse against drug). Family environment is also a major cause of human right violations. 4 Conclusion : Human right should be considered as a central component of HR interventions in Morocco. At a time the country is designing HR scaling up it could improve PUD access to health services and alleviate family burden. Mercredi 25 juillet 2012 Mercredi 25 juillet, 18:30 – 20:00, Robert Carr Memorial Lecture: Getting to Zero Bullshit: Calling HIV-related Stigma what it is: Racism, Classism, Misogyny, Homophobia, Elitism Intervention de Dr Othman Mellouk: Men who have sex with men Jeudi 26 juillet 2012 Jeudi 26 juillet, 12:30 – 14:00, Global Fund Networking Zone, session francophone Intervention de Nadia Rafif: Réponses appuyées par des exemples sur : - les approches en Afrique du Nord pour financer la santé ; - les pistes à explorer en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen Orient pour amener les pays à contribuer au financement de santé et à la reconstitution des ressources du Fonds mondial. Jeudi 26 juillet, 16:30 – 18:00, Symposia session « ''The future of HIV prevention, health and human rights in gay, other MSM and transgender communities: towards more effective approaches with ICTs in a Web 2.0 world.''” Intervention de Pr Mehdi Karkouri : Using ICT solutions to reach MSM in Morocco 5 - Jeudi 26 juillet, 16:30 – 18:00, session “Out in the World: Global MSM HIV “Epidemics” Men who have sex with Men and the HIV Epidemic in Morocco: Results from a respondent-driven sampling study O. Mellouk1,2, K. Alami3, H. El Rhilani3, N. Rafif1, A. Abadie1, L. Ouarsas4, A. Bennani5, B. El Omari6, I. Oumzil7, L. Johnston8 1 ALCS, Marrakech, Morocco, 2ITPC North Africa, Marrakech, Morocco, 3UNAIDS Morocco, Rabat, Morocco, 4ALCS, Agadir, Morocco, 5PNLS, Rabat, Morocco, 6Fonds Mondial, Rabat, Morocco, 7INH, Rabat, Morocco, 8UNAIDS, Amsterdam, Netherlands Background: HIV prevalence in the general population in Morocco is below 1%. There is currently no reliable data documenting HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Morocco. This population is hard to reach due to social stigma, discrimination and the illegal status of male-to-male sex in Morocco. From November 2010 to March 2011, two integrated behavioural and biological surveillance (IBBS) surveys were conducted (Marrakech, Agadir), among MSM in Marrakech and Agadir to obtain measure HIV and syphlis prevalence and associated risk behaviors. Methods: Using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), 669 MSM (346 in Marrakech and 323 in Agadir) were enrolled in the study. Respondents were males aged 18 and above who reported to have had anal sex with another male in the past six months. Consenting MSM completed a behavioral questionnaire and were tested for HIV and syphilis (venous blood). Weighted analysis was performed with Respondent Driven Sampling Analysis Tool (RDSAT) Version 6.0 Results: The median age of sexual debut for MSM was at 16 years. HIV prevalence among MSM in Agadir was 5.6% and 2.8% in Marrakech; prevalence of syphilis was 7.0% in Agadir and 10.8% in Marrakech. Among MSM who tested positive for HIV, 31.6% in Agadir and 56.4% in Marrakech were co-infected with syphilis. MSM reported multiple types of sexual partners, including occasional and commercial. Only 27.6% of MSM in Agadir and 17.4% of MSM in Marrakech reported always using a condom with any male partner during anal sex in the past six months. Conclusions: MSM are at a high risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Current prevalence of HIV in MSM is higher than the general population. These findings provide appropriate evidence to support the focus on addressing HIV among MSM in the National Strategic Plan 2012-2016 on HIV of Morocco. 6 Présentations affichées (Posters) 7 Mardi 24 juillet 2012 Mardi 24 juillet 2012, 10:00 – 18:30, Category: Behavioral and social research on risk reduction interventions HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among MSM in Morocco - Can prevention programs do better to insure universal access to prevention for MSM? N. Rafif 1,2, L. Ouarsas3, A. Abadie1, M. Karkouri4, O. Mellouk1,5, K. Alami6, A. Bennani7, H. Oumzil8, B. El Omari9, L. Johnston10 1 ALCS, Association de Lutte contre le Sida, Marrakech, Morocco, 2CSAT MENA, Marrakech, Morocco, 3ALCS, Agadir, Morocco, 4ALCS, Casablanca, Morocco, 5ITPC North Africa, Marrakech, Morocco, 6UNAIDS Morocco, Rabat, Morocco, 7PNLS, Rabat, Morocco, 8INH, Rabat, Morocco, 9Fonds Mondial, Rabat, Morocco, 10UNAIDS, Amsterdam, Netherlands Background: The ALCS is the sole organization in Agadir and Marrakech, Morocco, providing social/health intervention/prevention programs to MSM. MSM, a highly stigmatized, hardto-reach and understudied population in Morocco, are expected to practice sexual behaviors which put them at high risk for HIV and other infections. In 2010-2011, behavioural/biological surveillance surveys were conducted among MSM in Marrakech and Agadir Methods: Respondent-Driven Sampling was used to sample 346 MSM in Marrakech and 323 MSM in Agadir. Males aged ≥18 who reported having had anal sex with another male in the past six months completed a behavioral questionnaire and were tested for HIV and syphilis. Estimates and comparisons of estimates between cities were calculated with adjustments to differential network sizes and homophily. Results: Overall, 50% of MSM in both cities were unemployed, >50% self-identified as bisexual, 65% received money for sex during the last 6 months and had a median age of 22. Compared to Marrakesh, Agadir MSM reported higher percentages of condom use with last client (31.3 vs. 59%, p=0.026), lubricant use during anal intercourse (39.5 vs. 79.2%, p< 0.001), receiving condoms during the last year (63.1 vs. 84%, p=0.001) and knowing where to get tested for HIV (27.9 vs. 51.7%, p=0.001). Compared to Marrakech, HIV prevalence among MSM in Agadir was higher (2.8 vs. 5.6%), syphilis was lower (10.8 vs. 7%); however, these differences were not significant. Conclusions: Compared to Marrakech, higher percentages of MSM in Agadir use condoms, lubricants, and know where to get tested for HIV. Nevertheless, MSM in both cities practice 8 numerous behaviors that put them at high risk for HIV and other infections. Given the current HIV prevelance found among MSM in this survey, coupled with low condom usage, an increase in HIV and other infections transmission is inevitable without the scale up of exisiting MSM services. Mercredi 25 juillet 2012 Mercredi 25 juillet 2012, 10:00 – 18:30, Category: Seropositivity: social identity, disclosure and vulnerability Do women disclose their HIV-status more than men? Results from a community-based research among PLHIV in Association de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Morocco A. Abadie1, M.K. Hilali2, M. Loukid2, E. Henry3, J. Otis4, M. Karkouri5, N. Rafif1, H. Himmich5, L. Ouarsas6, M. Préau7 1 Association de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Marrakech, Morocco, 2University Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Humaine, Marrakech, Morocco, 3Coalition Plus SIDA, Paris, France, 4Université de Québec à Montréal, CREcES, Montréal, Canada, 5Association de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Casablanca, Morocco,6Association de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Agadir, Morocco, 7Université de Nantes, LABECD, Nantes, France Background: In Morocco, a low prevalence Muslim country, HIV infection remains a sociocultural taboo. PLHIV suffer from high rates of stigma, leading to difficulty to disclose their HIV-status. This seems particularly the case for women. However, no scientific data on this issue are available to date. Methods: A mixed (researchers/NGO) and international research consortium developed a research program to study serostatus disclosure to inform policies and propose suitable interventions. A standardized questionnaire was developed. Data were collected on serostatus disclosure, HIV/AIDS representations and treatments and on psychological construct, between May and October 2011 among a sample of PLWHIV in contact with community organizations involved in the project. Documenting gender patterns of HIV disclosure, using the chi square test was one of our specific objective. Results: In Morocco, 300 PLHIV enrolled in the study. 57% were female, 39% male and 4% transgender. 76% have disclosed their status, essentially with their regular sexual partner (W: 55%; M: 65%; p < 0.48). Women were more likely to disclose with female family members: mother (51%), sister (45%) versus father (15%), brother (16%) and to ask for assistance to disclose (W: 12%; M: 8%; p < 0.18). Both men and women (89%) considered disclosure risky but more women asked their relatives to keep their HIV-status secrete (W: 9 82%; M: 60%; p < 0.001) and felt the "need to hide” it (W: 91%; M: 84%; p < 0.09). Moreover, 47% of women who disclosed considered it was a mistake (vs M: 22% ; p < 0.004). Conclusions: Women are less likely to disclose their HIV-status and feel more vulnerable after disclosure. The sociocultural and religious context may explain this situation. Disclosure is an important issue regarding prevention, care and stigma. The results of this study need to be used to develop a comprehensive and gender-oriented approach of disclosure programs. 10 Participations aux sessions, satellites, ateliers ou autres 11 Mercredi 25 juillet 2012 Mercredi 25 juillet, 14 :30 – 16 :00, Regional Session on Middle East and North Africa: Getting HIV and AIDS Down to Zero in the Arab States - Participation de Nadia Rafif : Point person de la session - Participation de Dr Othman Mellouk : Co-speaker Thème: Best practices and innovation Jeudi 26 juillet 2012 Jeudi 26 juillet, 14:30 – 16:00, session « The Global Fund: The next 5 years” Participation de Nadia Rafif : Speaker de la session 12