Floral origin and chemical characteristics of the honey bee pollen

Floral origin and chemical characteristics of the honey
bee pollen loads in western central France
MATEESCU, C1; ODOUX, J-F2; FEUILLET, D3, AUPINEL, P2; LAMY,H2; MOREAU,N3;
SPULBER1,R; ROUCHER,L2; SOUCHE, T3
1. Institutul de Cercetare–Dezvoltare pentru Apicultură (ICDA) – BUCURESTI (Romania).
2. Unité expérimentale Entomologie - INRA du Magneraud - 17700 SURGÈRES (France).
3. Unité expérimentale EASM - INRA du Magneraud - 17700 SURGÈRES (France).
Contact: [email protected]
sunflower pollen
Experimental design
Pollen samples were collected all along the year 2006 twice
a week on ten experimental bee hives located in WesternCentral France.
The mixed harvest was weight and stored at 18°C, until
analysis.
The aim
Floral species present component variations in their pollen. This
study deals with the evolution of the honeybees collected pollen
during a whole year period in the same location. We were mostly
interested in the composition of multiflloral pollen samples.
Palynological analysis: Louveaux method (1978) with floral
species volume assessment.
Physico-chemical analysis: Dry matter, energy, glucids,
proteins, lipids, fatty acids, minerals.
Physico-chemical composition of pollen collect
35
Palynological results
5900
30
,
,
5700
25
20
10
10
-2
0
20
fe
v
-3
1
m
11 ars
-2
1
av
1- ril
10
m
a
20
-3 i
1
m
11
a
-2 i
0
jui
1- n
10
j
21 uil
-3
1
ju
11
il
-2
0
ao
ut
110
s
21 ept
-3
0
se
11 pt
-2
0
o
1- ct
10
no
21
v
-3
0
n
11 ov
-2
0
de
c
0
récolte en gramme /ruche/ jour
1-10 dec
11-20 dec
1-10 nov
21-30 nov
11-20 nov
1-10 oct
21-31 oct
11-20 oct
1-10 sept
21-30 sept
11-20 sept
1 -10 aout
21-31 aout
11-20 aout
1-10 juil
11-20 juil
1- 10 juin
11- 20 juin
21-31 juil
lipides % de la MS
Energie en cal/g de MS
Nombre d'espèces
Fatty acids composition of pollens
70
60
,
30
50
% of fatty acids
quantity g/day
40
nb species
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
50
Protéine % de la MS
In this experiment the lowest protein content is seen during the Zea bloom
period, to increase again in autumn. Lipids are the constituents showing the
highest range of variation between the lowest and the highest contents,
and are very well correlated to the energetic value. The main saturated fatty
acid is the palmitic acid. The poly-insaturated fatty-acids are high and
dominated by the linoloeic acid, depending of the cruciferous harvest.
collected quantity and floral diversity
60
21 - 30 juin
1-10 mai
10-20 fev
MM en % de la MS
The respective cropped areas in a 3 km radius were
measured for melliferous crops.
20-31 mai
4500
11-20 mai
4700
0
Higher incidence for Sinapis, Chicorium, Rosaceae, and
Reseda.
1-10 avril
4900
calories /gramm
5100
5
21-30avril
rapeseed pollen
5300
10
11-21 avril
high amounts of Helianthus, Zea, Sinapis, Veronica,
Rubus, Papaver, Hedera, and Acer.
5500
15
20-31 mars
97 different present
20
10-20 mars
% of the dry matter
January to December : 76 samples
40
30
20
10
20
10
-2
0
-3 fev
1
m
11
a
-2 rs
1
a
1- vril
10
20 ma
i
-3
1
11 ma
-2 i
0
ju
1- in
10
21 juil
-3
11 1 ju
-2
i
0 l
a
1- out
10
21 se
-3 p t
0
s
11 e p
-2 t
0
oc
110 t
21 no
-3 v
0
11 no
-2 v
0
de
c
0
Identification of pollen using the laboratory’s internet
botanical and palynological database
http://www.poitou-charentes.inra.fr/entomologie
Σ des AGS en %
Σ des AGMI en %
Σ des AGPI n-6
Σ des AGPI n-3
Σ des AGPI totaux
Conclusion
The maize crops and the cruciferous seem to have the greater impact
on the pollen quality. Mustards and rapeseed influence on fatty acids,
whereas Papaver and Cornus afford good quality and large amounts.
Here floral diversity does not guarantee a better pollen quality. The
consequences of a 40-days period of a poor supply in the middle of the
summer should be investigated.
maize pollen
References
Feuillet, D., Odoux, J.F., Mateescu, C., Aupinel, P., Lamy, H., Moreau, N., Roucher, L., Souché, T., 2008. Evolution floristique et physico-chimique des pollens récoltés au cours de l'année 2006 sur le
site de l'INRA du Magneraud. Bulletin Technique Apicole 35 (1), 20-26.
Poissonnet, T., Boyer, P., Odoux, J.-F., Fougeroux, A., Lecompte, P., 2007. Jachère "entomofaune pollinisatrice" en Montagne de Reims. Bulletin Technique Apicole 34, 17-32.Decourtye, A; Tisseur, M;
2008. La gestion des jachères florales en faveur de l’abeille domestique. 38ème Congrès du Groupement Français des Pesticides, Brest, 21-23 mai.
Louveaux, J; Maurizio, A; Vorwolh, G. 1978. Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World, 59:139-157.
Odoux, JF; Lamy, H; Aupinel, P. 2004. L’abeille récolte t-elle du pollen de maïs et de tournesol ? La Santé de l’Abeille 201 :187-193.
This work was supported by grants from SPE INRA Department and the PAI Ministère des Affaires Etrangères
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