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Je tiens à remercier l’ensemble du personnel de l’Association des Maires Ruraux de France et
plus particulièrement Madame Hélène Mira pour l’ accueil amical qu’elle m’a réservé.
Je remercie également Monsieur Philippe Schmidt pour les conseils et l’aide précieuse qu’il
a pu m’apporter pour la rédaction de ce mémoire.
>
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« Toute personne physique ou morale qui veut user pour l’alimentation en eau
potable, pour l’irrigation ou, plus généralement, pour les besoins de son
exploitation, des eaux dont elle a le droit de disposer, peut obtenir le passage par
conduite souterraine de ces eaux sur les fonds intermédiaires, dans les
conditions les plus rationnelles et les moins dommageables à l’exploitation
présente et future de ces fonds, à charge d’une juste et préalable indemnité. Sont
exceptés de cette servitude les habitations et les cours et jardins y attenant. Cette
servitude s’applique également en zone de montagne pour obtenir le passage des
eaux destinées à l’irrigation par aqueduc ou à ciel ouvert dans les mêmes
conditions que celles prévues au premier alinéa »
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des terrains ainsi arrosés, sauf l’indemnité qui peut leur être due ».
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« Tout propriétaire qui veut se servir, pour l’irrigation de ses propriétés, des eaux
naturelles ou artificielles dont il a le droit de disposer, peut obtenir la faculté
d’appuyer sur la propriété du riverain opposé les ouvrages d’art nécessaires à la
prise d’eau, à la charge d’une juste et préalable indemnité. Sont exceptés de cette
servitude les bâtiments, cours et jardins attenant aux habitations ».
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« 1° défense contre la mer, les fleuves, les torrents et rivières navigables, les
incendies dans les forêts, landes boisées et landes nues, les avalanches, les
chutes de rochers ou de blocs, les glissements de terrains, les manifestations
volcaniques ; 1° bis destinés à prévenir la pollution des eaux ; 1° ter destinés
à la ré-alimentation de nappes d’eau souterraines ; 1° quater de défense et de
/
lutte contre les termites ; 2° curage, approfondissement, redressement et
régularisation des canaux et cours d’eau non domaniaux et des canaux de
dessèchement et d’irrigation ; 3° dessèchement des marais 4° étiers et
ouvrages nécessaires à l’exploitation des marais salants ; 5° assainissement
des terres humides et insalubres ; 6° assainissement dans les villes et
faubourgs, bourgs, villages et hameaux ; 7° ouverture, élargissement,
prolongement et pavage des voies publiques, et toute amélioration ayant un
caractère d’intérêt public, dans les villes et faubourgs, bourgs, villages ou
hameaux ; 8° irrigation ou colmatage ; 9° drainage ; 9° bis aménagement des
sols après exploitation de carrières et en vue de l’exploitation coordonnée des
carrières telle qu’elle est prévue à l’article 109-1 du Code minier ; 10° chemins
d’exploitation ; 11° de toute autre amélioration agricole d’intérêt collectif,
notamment amenée d’eau pour les besoins domestiques, de dessalage des
terres, d’emploi d’eaux usées, de reboisements ; 12° construction de voies
mères d’embranchements particuliers, installation de câbles porteurs et autres
moyens de transport, utilisation de l’énergie électrique ; 13° défense et lutte
contre la grêle et la gelée ; 14° assainissement destiné à la suppression des
gîtes à moustiques »
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« Considérant que, si l’objet des associations syndicales autorisées, tel qu’il est
défini par leurs statuts, comprend la réalisation des ouvrages d’adduction d’eau,
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« Considérant que, par l’obligation imposée aux propriétaires compris dans le
périmètre d’une association syndicale, d’y adhérer sous peine d’avoir à délaisser
leurs immeubles ; par l’assimilation des taxes de ces associations aux
contributions directes ; par le pouvoir attribué aux préfets d’inscrire d’office à
leur budget les dépenses obligatoires et de modifier leurs taxes de manière à
assurer l’acquit de ces charges, lesdites associations présentent les caractères
essentiels d’établissements publics, vis-à-vis desquels ne peuvent être suivies
les voies d’exécution instituées par le Code de procédure civile pour le
recouvrement des créances sur les particuliers »
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volcaniques ; 1° bis destinés à prévenir la pollution des eaux ; 1° ter destinés
à la ré-alimentation de nappes d’eau souterraines ; 1° quater de défense et de
lutte contre les termites ; 2° curage, approfondissement, redressement et
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agricole et n’utiliseraient pas l’eau d’arrosage fournie par l’association syndicale
n’a pas eu pour effet de les exclure de son périmètre, lequel ne peut être modifié
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Le mode d’éligibilité leur interdit parfais jusqu’au droit de vote. Le principe 1
propriétaire = 1 voix n’est pas généralité, les statuts des ASA prévoyant souvent
une superficie minimale donnant droit à une voix et un maximum de voix
possible. Ainsi, l’association chargée de la gestion du canal de Manosque 95
applique le principe de un hectare égale une voix avec un maximum de dix voix.
Ce système est très défavorable au rurbains car il interdit de former un groupe de
plus de sept propriétaires pour avoir une voix. Cela exclus donc, de fait, la très
grande majorité des nouveaux habitants. Sur ce réseau en 1995, 92 % des
propriétaires possédaient 24 % de la superficie équipée et n’avaient aucun droit
de vote 96 . Même dans une situation « 1 homme = 1 voix », les rurbains n’ont pas
réellement conscience de leur statut de co-décideurs par un manque
d’information et aussi peut être par désintérêt. Ils considèrent l’eau brute au
même titre que l’eau potable et se jugent être dans une situation « client –
entreprise » classique. Cela ne favorise, bien entendu, pas leur mobilisation.
Ainsi, peu d’entre eux assistent aux Assemblées Générales, et ils sont encore
moins souvent désignés comme Syndic.
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« Les associations syndicales de propriétaires, régies par la loi du 21 juin 1865,
obéissent à des règles d’organisation et de fonctionnement archaïques.
L’habilitation donnée au Gouvernement par l’article 8 autorisera le Gouvernement
à actualiser, clarifier et simplifier le droit en la matière ; seront ainsi précisées les
règles communes aux trois types d’associations, c’est-à-dire les associations
syndicales libres (ASL), les associations syndicales autorisées (ASA) et les
associations syndicales forcées (ASF), relatives au périmètre syndical, à l‘objet
de l’association, à la nature juridique, aux servitudes, à l’hypothèque légale, à la
publicité foncière, aux conditions d’adhésion de collectivités publiques à ces
associations, ainsi que les règles communes aux ASA et ASF (règles budgétaires
et comptables, tutelle du préfet, statut du personnel, application du code des
marchés publics). Les règles particulières applicables à chacune de ces
associations seront également précisées, notamment en ce qui concerne les
modalités de constitution, les règles de publicité des statuts et les conditions de
transformation et de dissolution ».
>>
#!"6 "6 ,( #)"$
(# # !" ? 3 "#
3 "$# 2 $ ,#"#! ! "# 9"" (
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>>
@@
(# # (!(% 00>2 #[A/L@2 U 4% "(#" (!(% 00>2 < @0L0
/
(
0
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0
2! Gleyses G., 2000, Evaluation des surfaces irriguées en France : analyse selon l’origine
de la ressource et le mode de distribution. Montpellier, Cemagref, UR irrigation, 16
pages.
Rivières-Honegger A. et Puech C., 2001, Etat des lieux des Associations Syndicales
Autorisées en Languedoc-Roussillon, CRPEE-Diren Languedoc-Roussillon,
Montpellier, 106 pages
L’eau : usage et gestion, collection Administration territoriale, Guide pratique. Edition
Litec, 1998, JL. Gazzaniga, JP. Ouriliac, X. Larrouy-Casrea, 305 pages
Editions du Juris-Classeur, 1999, article Associations Syndicales de Propriétaires,
fascicule 140.
Conséquence de la tutelle publique sur les Systèmes d’Information des Associations
d’Irrigants en France, Yves Lunet de Lajonquière, Patrice Garin, Sébastien Loubier,
Cemargef, UR Irrigation, Montpellier, janvier 2001, 19 pages
J. Plantey et J. Blanc, 1998, La maintenance des ouvrages et équipements dans Traité
d’Irrigation, coordination JR. Tiercelin, Lavoisier Tec et Doc. Paris
@J
! !
Rapport sur la Durance, proposition de simplification et de modernisation du dispositif
d’intervention de l’Etat sur la gestion des eaux et du lit de la Durance. Contribution au
plan Durance. P. Ballarnd, P. Huet, E. Lafont, JP. Leteurtrois, P. Pierron, Ministère de
l’Ecologie et du Développement Durable, août 2002, 93 pages
Intégration du multi-usage de l’eau dans les périmètres irrigués méditerranéens, P.
Rarin, M. Montginoul, T. Ruf, 13 pages, Cemagref, 2001
Situation de l’irrigation urbaine et péri-urbaine du canal de Manosque, dans travaux
d’étude pour le Schéma d’orientation pour le canal de Manosque, Cemagref, S.
Feuillette, P. Gasselin, T. Ruf, P. Garin, 1997, Cemagref, 23 pages.
Meinzen- Dick R., Valuing the multiple uses of irrigation water. Environnement and
production technology division, international food policy, Research Institute,
Washington D.C., USA
Consommation d’eau des ménages en présence d’un réseau de distribution d’eau
brute, le cas de la commune de Gignac, M. Montginoul, YL. De Lajonquière, P. Garin,
Cemagref et ENGEES, janvier 2003, 28 pages
Point P., Eléments pour l’évaluation économique des bénéfices du SDAGE du bassin
Adour-Garonne. BIPE Conseil, 1995
H. Tardieu et J. Plantey, Balanced and sustainable water management : the unique
experience of the regional development agencies in southern France, ICID Journal,
1999/ 1 issue
Témoignage d’une gestion de l’eau équilibrée et durable par les sociétés
d’aménagement régional du sur de la France, Conférence internationale Eau et
Développement durable, CACG, H. Tardieu et J. Plantey, 1998, 7 pages
Les usages des cours d’eau non domaniaux à l’épreuve de la loi sur l’eau du 3 janvier
1992, X. Larrouy-Castera,10 pages, 1998
Circulaire n°4006 du 23 janvier 1970 relative à la déclaration d’utilité publique des
travaux comportant la dérivation des eux d’un cours d’eau non domanial, JO du 26
février 1970
Guide juridique des associations syndicales d’irrigants, M. Lefèvre, Chambre
d’Agriculture des Bouches du Rhône, 2002
Guide fiscal des associations syndicales d’irrigants, M. Lefèvre, Chambre d’Agriculture
des Bouches du Rhône, 2001
Instruction n°01-018-mo du 9 février 2001 publié au Bulletin Officiel de la Comptabilité
Publique relative au recouvrement des créances des associations syndicales
autorisées en cas de procédures collectives, analyse d’un arrêt de la Cour de
Cassation du 30 octobre 2000
Evaluation de la charte départementale pour l’environnement de la Loire, Conseil
Général de la Loire, juillet 2001, 55 pages, ( www.cg42.fr )
La valeur de l’eau en agriculture irriguée : une information économique nécessaire pour
mieux réguler la gestion de l’eau et des productions agricoles dans un marché ouvert,
H. Tardieu, CACG,14 pages, 1999
@/
/
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$ Code Général des Collectivités Locales
Code de l’expropriation
Code Rural
M. Rojo, Le pont du Gard et l’Aqueduc Romain de Nîmes,
http://www.interlog.fr/PdG/presentation.html
http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr
http://www.assembleenationale.fr
http://www.senat.fr
http://www.asainfo.net
http://www.eaurmc.fr
http://www.eau-adour-garonne.fr
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