Grammaire anglaise - Portail Pédagogique de l`Université d`Evry

Licence de Langues Étrangères Appliquées
1re année – 2e semestre 2015-2016
UFR Langues, Art et Musique
Grammaire anglaise
Cécile Chartier
[email protected]
Programme des cours
18 janvier
CM 1
Introduction
Le groupe nominal
Objectifs : Rappels parties du discours.
Détermination (cas particuliers). Construction à
plusieurs noms.
25 janvier
CM 2
Les adjectifs, comparatifs et
superlatifs
Objectifs : rappels du 1er semestre, comparatifs et
superlatifs.
1er février
CM 3
Les pronoms
Objectifs : pr. personnels & possessifs, pr. réfléchis
& réciproques, emploi particulier de IT.
8 février
CM 4
Les pronoms (II)
Objectifs : Pronoms génériques. Pronom Ø et
« one ». Pronoms sans antécédents.
15 février
CM 5
Le prétérit
Objectifs : emplois temporels (en comparaison
avec le présent ; fonctionnement proximal / distal)
et non-temporels.
Semaine de révision
22 février
29 février
CM 6
La syntaxe
7 mars
CM 7
Révisions
14 mars
CM 8
Les compléments du verbe
Objectifs : Révision des fonctions des constituants
de la phrase. Les compléments du verbe : schémas
à 1, 2 et 3 places. Clivage et pseudo-clivage.
21 mars
CM 9
Les compléments du verbe (II)
Objectifs : Les verbes de liaison. Verbes à
particules et verbes prépositionnels. Structure
résultative.
28 mars
Objectifs : Généralités. Types de phrases : statut
assertif, négation et emphase. Inversion sujet-aux.
Lundi de Pâques (férié) rattrapé le 18 avril
4 avril
CM 10
Le passif
Objectifs : rappels : formes et emplois. Cas des
verbes à particules et verbes prépositionnels.
Verbes à double complément.
11 avril
CM 11
La phrase complexe :
les subordonnées
Objectifs : subordonnées nominales (à un mode
personnel ou impersonnel).
18 avril
CM 12
La phrase complexe :
les subordonnées (II)
Objectifs : subordonnées adverbiales et relatives.
25-29 avril
Congés de printemps
Révisions / fichage
2 mai
Partiel
3
Remarques préalables
Ce cours magistral de grammaire a pour but de :
• vous aider à mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de la langue anglaise, dont vous êtes
spécialistes.
• vous aider à choisir la meilleure structure dans toutes les situations (conversations,
documents écrits, entretiens...).
• vous aider à formuler de manière claire les raisons pour lesquelles vous faites tel choix
plutôt que tel autre.
• vous aider à améliorer votre anglais dans toutes les UE pour lesquelles vous en avez besoin,
et donc améliorer vos notes en CP/XP anglaise, civilisation, thème grammatical, etc..
Tous les étudiants de L1 LEA devront passer l'examen de cette UE en fin de semestre : il s'agira
d'une épreuve de 90 minutes portant sur les points de grammaire abordés au cours du 2 e semestre.
L'épreuve contiendra un QCM et des analyses de segments (à rédiger en français).
Des exercices seront progressivement disponibles sur Emedia, dans le cours « L1 LEA Grammaire
Anglaise » dans lequel vous êtes tous inscrits et aussi sur Anki (http://ankisrs.net/). Ces exercices
seront corrigés. Ils vous permettront de vous évaluer et de vous préparer à l'examen. Il est
recommandé de faire des exercices AVANT chaque cours, afin de repérer les points que vous avez
du mal à comprendre et d'être en mesure de me poser des questions au début du cours. Vous pouvez
les refaire APRÈS chaque cours, afin de vérifier que vous avez bien compris. Enfin, il est
recommandé d'utiliser ces exercices au moment des révisions des partiels.
Il est fortement recommandé d'assister aux cours magistraux. Une dizaine de minutes sera
systématiquement consacrée aux questions en début de chaque cours.
Pour ceux qui sont dans l'impossibilité d'assister aux cours magistraux, il est indispensable de
travailler chaque point à l'aide de la présente brochure et des ouvrages indiqués en bibliographie.
4
Exemplier
Chapitre 1
Introduction – Le groupe nominal
Introduction : les parties du discours (parts of speech)
Voir carte heuristique.
Rappel sur les noms : noms communs / noms propres
1. I would like to buy an apple, but I don't have enough money.
2. I would like to buy Ø Apple, but I don't have enough money.
Zoom sur les noms de pays
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ø Great Britain is made up of Ø England, Ø Wales and Ø Scotland.
The UK also includes Ø Northern Ireland.
The Republic of Ireland is not part of the UK.
The People's Republic of China (P.R.C.; Simplified Chinese: 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 , Traditional
Chinese: 中華人民共和國; pinyin:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó, or Ø China), is a country in
Ø East Asia.
Exceptions :
7. The Netherlands' capital city is Amsterdam, not The Hague.
8. Author J.R.R. Tolkien is from the West Midlands.
Constructions à plusieurs noms
N1 of N2
9. I'm going to the Post office to get a book of stamps.
10. Her sister was her maid of honor.
11. a cup of tea
12. [T]he Electoral College [is] the constitutional mechanism for finalising the election of the
president. (« Is America heading for a constitutional crisis? » The Economist, 10 novembre
2000.)
N2's N1
13. Techniques from the president’s election campaigns have spawned one lot of young firms.
(« The Obama start-ups », The Economist, 1er décembre 2012.)
14. I had met the mayor's secretary.
15. I had met Fred's secretary.
16. There was a butcher's knife on the table.
17. I think it's the butcher's car that's parked over there.
18. His ten years' experience was his main asset.
19. After ten years' absence, he came back home.
20. After a year's absence, he came back home.
N2 N1
21. a race horse
5
22. a horse race
23. a tax cut
24. a night train
25. a paper napkin
26. a boat-house
27. a teacup
28. a car-park attendant
29. a car safety belt
Constructions multiples
30. Techniques from the president’s election campaigns have spawned one lot of young firms.
31. The car-park attendant reminded me to wear my car safety belt.
Analyse en contexte
•
•
Justifiez l'utilisation des déterminants en gras.
Justifiez les constructions à plusieurs noms soulignées en double.
There was a man of the island of Hawaii, whom I shall call Ø Keawe; for the truth is, he still
lives, and his name must be kept secret; but the place of his birth was not far from Ø Honaunau,
where the bones of Ø Keawe the Great lie hidden in a cave. The man was poor, brave, and active;
he could read and write like a schoolmaster; he was a first-rate mariner besides, sailed for some
time in the island steamers, and steered a whaleboat on the Kamakua coast. At length it came in
Keawe’s mind to have a sight of the great world and foreign cities, and he shipped on a vessel
bound to Ø San Francisco.
Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Bottle Imp” (1891).
Exercices
Select the right articles.
1. ___ United Kingdom comprises ___
Northern Ireland.
b. The / the
a. Ø / the
d. The / Ø
b. The / Ø
c. Ø / Ø
3. ___ Netherlands is not too far from ___
France.
d. The / the
a. Ø / Ø
2. ___ Canada is the largest country of ___
Commonwealth.
b. The / Ø
a. Ø / Ø
d. Ø / the
6
c. Ø / The
c. The / the
Chapitre 2
Les adjectifs, comparatifs et superlatifs
Révision 1er semestre
épithète (position pré-nominale), attribut du sujet (position post-verbale), attribut de l'objet
(position post-nominale), apposition, adj. composés, adj. nominalisés.
1. He's wearing a red hat.
2. This pie is delicious.
3. I found the film boring.
/!\ spécificité de certains adjectifs : Seulement épithète (pré-nominale)
4. It is sheer folly!
5. *The folly is sheer.
6. He is a heavy smoker.
7. *As a smoker, he seems heavy.
8. That’s utter nonsense.
9. *I found that nonsense utter.
10. That’s a picture of her late husband.
11. !That’s a picture of her husband, who is late.!
12. She wants to be a nuclear physicist.
13. *This physicist is nuclear.
/!\ spécificité de certains adjectifs : Seulement attribut du sujet (post-verbale)
14. The children, who were afraid, did not go swimming.
15. *The afraid children did not go swimming.
16. Several students were ill last week.
17. *Several ill students students phoned in before 9 o’clock.
18. The technicians, who were conscious of the difficulties, refused to cooperate.
19. *The conscious of the difficulties technicians refused to cooperate.
Compléments d'adjectifs (jamais ou très rarement en position pré-nominale)
20. She is angry at her brother.
21. My friend could not come to the concert, I feel sorry for him.
22. She is unaware of the fact that her boyfriend is throwing her a party.
23. I'm glad that / Ø you could make it!
Ordre des épithètes en position pré-nominale
Catégorie A/ Intervention nulle de l'énonciateur
24. She went to medical school
25. She's a nuclear physicist
Catégorie B/ Choix de l'énonciateur d'une caractéristique parmi toutes celles que
possède le nom (forme, couleur, nationalité, âge, trait de caractère...)
26. My dad's a talkative man.
27. Bates Motel is an old house on top of a desert hill.
Catégorie C/ Appréciation de la part de l'énonciateur
28. This is such a comfortable armchair!
29. One of the possible solutions would be...
7
Catégorie Déterminant
Cat. C
Cat. B
Cat. A
Nom
a
fine
white
cotton
shirt
a
large
striped
an
important
French
quadruped
wine
merchant
Les comparatifs et superlatifs
Adjectifs & adverbes courts / adjectifs & adverbes longs / adjectifs & adverbes
irréguliers
Type
Adjectif / Adverbe
Comparatif
Superlatif
Court
big
silly
clever
narrow
simple
bigger
sillier
cleverer
narrower / more narrow
simpler / more simple
(the) biggest
(the) silliest
(the) cleverest
(the) narrowest / most narrow
(the) simplest / most simple
Long
interesting
more interesting
(the) most interesting
Irrégulier
good / well
bad / ill
far
better
worse
farther / further
(the) best
(the) worst
(the) farthest / furthest
Constructions
Adj / verbes
Terme comparé
Terme repère
Supériorité
more / -er... than
Anna is taller
Anna works more
than Brian (is)
than Brian (does)
Infériorité
less... than
Money is less important
People work less
than love (is).
than they used to (do).
Egalité
as... as
Is money as important
Anna works as much
as love (is)?
as Brian (does).
Infériorité
not as/so...as
Money is not as/so important
People don't work as much
as love (is).
as they used to (do).
Noms
Dénombrables
Indénombrables
Comp. de supériorité
Sarah has more books than Brian.
Sarah has more information than Brian.
Comp. d'égalité
Sarah has as many records as Brian.
Sarah has as much information as Brian.
Comp. d'infériorité
Sarah has fewer records than Brian.
Sarah has less information than Brian.
Analyse en contexte
•
Repérez toutes les structures adjectivales.
My daughter sat sunk in her coat with both hands wrapped for warmth around her tea cup. I noted with a pang
her babyish fingernails, their pale-lilac tint. [...]
8
“You live in the past,” she said.
I was about to give a sharp reply, but paused. She was right, after all. Life, authentic life, is supposed to be all
struggle, unflagging action and affirmation, the will butting its blunt head against the world’s wall, suchlike,
but when I look back I see that the greater part of my energies was always given over to the simple search for
shelter, for comfort, for, yes, I admit it, for cosiness. […] To be concealed, protected, guarded, that is all I have
ever truly wanted, to burrow down into a place of womby warmth and cower there, hidden from the sky’s
indifferent gaze and the harsh air’s damagings. That is why the past is such a retreat for me, I go there eagerly,
rubbing my hands and shaking the cold present and the colder future. And yet, what existence, really, does it
have, the past? After all, it is only what the present was, once, the present that is gone, no more than that. And
yet.
John Banville, The Sea, Picador, 2005.
Exercice
Remplir les blancs avec la forme appropriée.
1. An ageing economy will be a _________ (slow, comparatif de supériorité) and
___________________ (unequal, comparatif de supériorité) one—unless policy starts changing
now. (The Economist, « A billion shades of grey », Apr 26th 2014)
2. Growth will slow ________________________ (dramatically, comparatif d'infériorité) than
expected; government budgets will be in _________ (good, comparatif de supériorité) shape, as
high earners pay taxes for __________ (long, comparatif de supériorité). Rich countries with lots of
well-educated ____________ (old, comparatif de supériorité) people will find the burden of ageing
___________ (easy, comparatif de supériorité) to bear than places like China. (Ibid.)
3. Manual work gets _________ (hard, comparatif de supériorité) as people get _________ (old,
comparatif de supériorité), and public pensions look ____________________ (attractive,
comparatif de supériorité) to those on low wages and the unemployed. (Ibid.)
(Voir réponses sur emedia)
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Chapitre 3
Les pronoms
Généralités
1.
2.
3.
4.
Some people are never pleased, they are always grumbling.
They had some nice white shirt, but I bought a blue one.
Winnie looks tired. She has been working too hard lately.
Something has gone wrong.
Pronoms personnels sujets et objets
5. - I want to watch the football game. - But I want to watch Britain's got Talent.
6. - What a beautiful dog! Does it bark? - No, he never barks.
7. The UK is made up of several nations. It includes England, Wales, Scotland and Northern
Ireland.
8. I saw you on television.
9. You saw me on televsion.
10. You and I are in the same choir, I think.
11. For the solist, the choir master will have to chose between you and me.
Emplois particuliers de IT
12. - Tony is getting married. - I can't believe it!
13. - It's raining again.
14. - He found it difficult to open the door.
Pronoms possessifs (pronoms personnels au génitif)
15. The UK does not have the euro. Its currency is the pound sterling (£).
16. The teacher's car is red.
17. His car is red.
18. My friend also has a car, but hers is black.
Pronoms réfléchis (-self, -selves)
19. Take care of yourself!
20. « I celebrate myself, and sing myself » (Walt Witman, Leaves of Grass, 1855)
21. The Republican party is destroying itself.
22. Why does The Economist call itself a newspaper? (pour la réponse, voir
http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/09/economist-explains-itself)
23. Go get dressed!
24. Please, sit down.
25. You need to shave before you go to your job interview!
26. Sometimes it's hard to wake up in the morning.
Pronoms réciproques
27. What Europeans think of each other (The Economist, 15 mai 2013).
28. In a telling answer, Italians are most mistrustful of one another, perhaps aware that their
country ranks badly on international corruption measures. (Ibid.)
29. We should talk to each other more often.
30. They met at the gym.
31. He always fights after he has had a drink.
10
32. I won't argue with you.
Analyse en contexte
•
•
•
Identifiez les pronoms personnels (sujets, objets et possessifs) se rapportant à Alice.
Commentez leur utilisation.
Trouvez l'équivalent français des segments soulignés en double. Quel est leur point
commun ?
Traduisez les segments soulignés.
The narrator is visiting Albert, a now-married old college friend, in his house somewhere in the American
countryside.
At a big round table there were three place settings, which glowed whitely in the gloom. One of the roundbacked chairs appeared to be occupied. Only as I drew closer through the afternoon darkness did I see that the
occupant was a large frog, perhaps two feet high, which sat with its throat resting on the table edge. “My wife,”
Albert said, looking at me fiercely, as if he were about to spring at my face. I felt I was being tested in some
fiendish way. “Pleased to meet you,” I said harshly, and sat down across from her. The table lay between us like
a lake. I had thought she might be something else, maybe a stuffed toy of some sort, but even in the dark
daylight I could see the large moist eyes looking here and there, I could see her rapid breathing and smell her
marshy odor. I thought Albert must be making fun of me in some fashion, trying to trick me into exposing what
he took to be my hideous bourgeois soul, but whatever his game I wasn’t going to give myself away. […]
Albert sat down and cut himself a piece of bread. “After lunch, I want to show you the place. Take you
down to the pond, and so on.” He looked at me, tilting his head in a way I suddenly remembered. “And you?
It’s been a while.”
“Oh, still a roving bachelor,” I said, and immediately disliked my fatuous tone. I had a sudden urge to talk
seriously to Albert, as we’d done in the old days, watching the night turn slowly gray through our tall, arched
windows. But I felt constrained, it had been too long a time, and though he had summoned me after all these
years, though he had shown me his wife, it was all askew somehow, as if he hadn’t shown me anything, as if
he’d kept himself hidden away. And I remember that even then, in the time of our friendship, he had seemed
intimate and secretive at the same time, as if even his revelations were forms of concealment. “Not that I have
any fixed plan,” I continued. “I see women, but they’re not the right one. You know, I’ve always thought I’d be
the one to get married, not you.”
“It wasn’t something I planned. But when the moment comes, you’ll know.” He looked at Alice with
tenderness and suddenly leaned over and touched the side of her head lightly with his fingertips.
“How did you,” I began, and stopped. I felt like bursting into screams of wild laughter, or of outrage, pure
outrage, but I held myself down, I pretended everything was fine.
Steven Millhauser, “A Visit”, from The Knife Thrower and Other Stories, 1998
Exercice
Choose the appropriate pronoun.
11
1. According to ______, there were no pepperonis on the pizza.
a. they
b. them
c. themselves
d. their
2. Whose shoes do you like better? Kelly’s or _____?
a. herself
b. hers
c. my
d. mine
3. ______ lifestyle is more elaborate than mine.
a. His
b. Him
d. Himself
c. Hers
4. I do not advise you to see that move. _____ terrible!
a. They were
b. Its
c. It is
d. It
5. The movie star ______came to the premier of her movie.
a. her
b. hers
c. herself
d. herselves
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Chapitre 4
Les pronoms (II)
Pronoms génériques
1. One may doubt the existence of objective needs of the economy.
2. One must not confuse the issue of substandard housing with that of social housing.
3. I would, however, like to draw your attention to the fact that one needs to have access to
healthy food if one is to eat healthily.
4. A foreign policy presupposes that one has a clear definition of oneself and of one's own
interests.
5. You had to be flexible and accommodating or you couldn't survive.
6. You can't take a cookie-cutter approach with the country and try to say that every province is
the same in social makeup.
Pronom Ø et « one »
7. Brian has got a lot of records. I borrowed a few Ø.
8. This tea is excellent. I think I'll have a little Ø.
9. These books are splendid. I think I'll buy a few Ø.
10. 'I think the Browns have a dog.' 'That's right, and the Jonses have three Ø.'
11. These books are splendid. I think I'll buy one. (au lieu de « *a Ø »)
12. They wanted to buy petrol for the car, but none was to be found in the whole town. (au lieu
de « *no Ø »)
13. 'My phone is dead!' 'Here, take mine!' (au lieu de « *my Ø »
14. They had some nice shirts, so I bought two blue ones.
15. We have too many books, so we've decided to sell a few (of them).
Pronoms sans antécédents
16. There is someone in that room.
17. Everybody likes cartoons.
18. Everyone was standing in front of their house.
19. 19. Nobody noticed I was away last week, did they?
20. Who did you see at the party ?
21. What did you buy at the market ?
22. Whose car did they borrow ?
23. 'They needed a car.' 'Whose did they borrow ?'
24. 'There were hundreds of people at the party !' 'How many Ø did you talk to ?'
25. 'There was plenty of money to spend.' 'How much Ø did you actually spend ?'
26. 'We were introduced to several of your friends.' 'Which Ø did you get along with best ?'
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Chapitre 5
Le prétérit
Emplois temporels
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ted worked twelve hours a day.
Last year, Ted worked twelve hours a day to pay for his bills. Now his new job pays better.
Ted worked twelve hours a day during the Christmas holidays.
Ted worked twelve hours a day before he retired.
Ted worked twelve hours a day (he is dead now).
An iron gong sounded, setting up a wave of expectation in the crowd. Everyone looked in
the direction of the egwugwu house. (Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, 1956.)
7. His chest and shoulders were unusually broad even for a man his size. His eyes were small
and deep set. (Walter Mosley, “Archibald Lawless”, 2005)
8. He knew the answer.
9. Most dinosaurs ate grass.
10. Ted walked to work (// présent)
11. He had to hurry because his train left at 6.35. (// présent)
12. He had bought a car, but it broke down before he could use it.
13. Jane was singing when the dog started howling.
14. John said, 'Mary likes tea.'
15. John said that Mary liked tea.
16. John said that Mary likes tea.
17. Evelyn thought her daughter was at school.
18. *Evelyn thought her daughter is at school.
Emplois non temporels
19. If he knew the answer, he would inform you.
20. If he knows the answer, he will inform you.
21. I wish I knew the answer.
22. It's (high) time you left.
23. I'd rather you left.
24. Could you close the door, please?
25. Can you close the door, please?
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Chapitre 6
La syntaxe
La terre est bleue comme une orange
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose
Jamais une erreur les mots ne mentent pas
Loveliness extreme.
Ils ne vous donnent plus à chanter
Extra gaiters,
Au tour des baisers de s'entendre
Loveliness extreme.
Les fous et les amours
Elle sa bouche d'alliance
Tous les secrets tous les sourires
Et quels vêtements d'indulgence
Sweetest ice-cream.
Pages ages page ages page ages.
Gertrude Stein, « Sacred Emily », 1913
À la croire toute nue.
Paul Eluard, « La terre est bleue comme une
orange », 1929.
Généralités
1. Time flies like an arrow.
2. Fruit flies like a banana.
3. *Les mouches des fruits comme une banane (Google translate)
Statuts assertifs
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ann sent Tom a postcard.
Did Ann send Tom a postcard?
Send Tom a postcard!
What a beautiful postard Ann sent (to) Tom!
Négation et emphase
8. Ann didn't send Tom a postcard (déclaratif + négation)
9. Ann did send Tom a postcard (déclaratif + emphase)
Propositions déclaratives
10. C'est dans ce jardin que jouent les enfants.
11. It's in this garden that the children play.
Propositions interrogatives
12. You like your new car. =>
13. Do you like your new car?
14. Dinner isn't ready yet.
15. Isn't dinner ready yet?
16. 'Who came ?' - 'John & Mary came.'
Propositions interrogatives indirectes
17. How old is Fred? (directe)
18. I wonder [how old Fred is].
15
19. [How old Fred is] is a matter extensively debated.
Propositions exclamatives
20. [What a miracle] it was!
21. [How] we enjoyed ourselves!
22. [How interesting] this article is!
Emphase
23. He DID post the letter.
24. He did NOT post the letter.
Phrases : définitions
25. I told you he did not post the letter as I had asked him to do.
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
26. Do you like cooking?
27. He often plays tennis and so does his wife.
28. They won't condone such behaviour and neither will I.
29. Never will his brother accept.
30. Never before had he seen such a large farm.
31. Not until he got home did he feel tired.
32. Hardly had he closed the door when the light went out.
33. Only then did he realize that he had lost his way.
34. Well do I remember what he said to me on that occasion.
35. Such was his surprise that he dropped the dish.
36. If he had stayed longer, he would have met my brother.
37. → Had he stayed longer, he would have met my brother.
Inversion sujet/verbe
38. 'What did they find,' asked the girl.
39. 'What did they find,' the girl asked.
40. Dear to his heart were all his mementos.
Exercices
Transformez les phrases suivantes en phrases interrogatives dites fermées (yes/no
questions). Attention a n'apporter aucune autre modification dans la phrase,
notamment concernant les pronoms.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
You can help me find a solution.
We don’t usually take payments in cash.
You have seen this film.
They can charge you with something.
He gave Anna a lovely watch for her birthday.
Identifiez les phrases complexes
a) I don’t think I can help you.
b) He must have been listening to his music too loud again!
16
c) I remember the day when he told me I was fired.
Manip : Procédez à l’inversion sujet / auxiliaire.
a) Policemen have rarely been applauded as loud as they have today.
b) The Prime Minister understood only after he signed the contract who he was dealing with.
c) The meeting was scarcely over when they decided to celebrate the agreement.
17
Chapitre 7
Les compléments du verbe
Les constituants de la phrase (révision)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
He smiled.
She likes fish.
We paid for lunch.
He reminded me of his name.
I gave the dog a huge bone.
He always smiled.
He always smiled [when he was happy].
He smiled [at the idea (that she would get such a nice suprise {when she arrived})].
Schéma à une place
9. John is sleeping.
Schéma à deux places
10. She speaks English well.
11. What a film! Did you like it?
12. You didn't even answer my question.
13. They paid for the meal.
14. He was looking for his keys.
15. She stared at her father.
Schéma à trois places : S – V – C1 – Prep – C2
16. He gave a huge bone to the dog.
17. I've ordered some sandwiches for you.
18. He reminded me of his name.
Schéma à trois places : S – V – C1 – C2
19. He gave the dog a huge bone.
20. I've ordered you some sandwiches.
Structures clivées
21. Fred gave Susan a scarf for her birthday.
22. It was a scarf that Fred gave Susan for her birthday.
23. It was Fred who gave Susan a scarf for her birthday.
24. It was to Susan that Fred gave a scarf for her birthday.
25. It was for her birthday that Fred gave a scarf to Susan.
Structures pseudo-clivées
26. What Fred gave Susan for her birthday was a scarf.
27. A scarf was what Fred gave Susan for her birthday.
Exercices
Construisez une phrase clivée en mettant en relief les segments soulignés
Winston Churchill was born in Blenheim palace in 1874.
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Toni Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993.
The United States Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776.
Was Barack Obama elected president in 2008?
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Chapitre 8
Les compléments du verbe (II)
Les verbes de liaison
1. I am an English teacher.
2. I am outside.
3. I am in the lecture theatre.
4. I am tired.
5. He remained silent.
6. This tastes awful.
7. This contraption proved useful.
8. He fell asleep.
9. He went mad.
10. The leaves turned brown.
11. *He went asleep.
12. *He fell mad.
Verbes composés
13. The dog turned on its owner.
14. Sam turned on the radio.
15. The dog turned on him.
16. Sam turned it on.
17. I'm looking for my keys.
18. I'm looking at you.
19. My brother always stands for me.
20. I ran into my primary school teacher today.
21. Sorry, something came up, I can't come to your party.
22. Look out!
23. He made up the whole story.
24. Will China take over the world?
25. We're going to run out of gas.
26. They put the shortage down to bad planning.
Schéma résultatif
27. The dog licked his plate clean.
28. The noise frightened the dog away.
29. She kicked the dog out of the kitchen.
Exercices
Manipulations : Transformez le GN souligné en un pronom.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
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Can we put off our next meeting?
She doesn’t want to look after her baby brother tomorrow.
I have been waiting for the bus for fifteen minutes now.
You must sum up your novel in a few words.
Let’s not rule out the possibility of leaving early.
I can’t put up with this situation any longer.
Chapitre 9
Le passif
Objectifs : rappels : formes et emplois. Cas des verbes à particules et verbes prépositionnels. Verbes
à double complément.
Rappels : formes et emplois
1. Fred ate the sandwich.
2. The sandwich was eaten by Fred.
3. The government will subsidize the theatre.
4. The theatre will be subsidized (by the governement).
5. Nora had repaired the car.
6. The car had been repared (by Nora).
7. Ken is typing the letter.
8. The letter is being typed (by Ken).
9. The caretaker must have locked the door.
10. The door must have been locked (by the caretaker).
11. Did the reporter interview the President?
12. Was the President interviewed (by the reporter)?
13. The watch had been stolen.
14. I don't like being lied to.
15. He is said to have made a fortune selling vintage cars. (« Il paraît qu'il »...)
16. This wine must be drunk at room temperature. (« Ce vin se boit... »)
17. I looked at the branch, and realized that it was broken.
18. I looked at the branch, and realized that it was beautiful.
19. I looked at the branch, and realized that it was heavy with fruit.
20. There was a storm, and the branch was broken (by the wind).
Passif avec GET
21. We were held up in a traffic jam.
22. We got held up in a traffic jam
23. He got drowned.
24. He got arrested.
25. In the end, he got (himself) elected.
Passif des verbes à particules et des verbes prépositionnels
26. He called the meeting off. ou He called off the meeting.
27. The meeting was called off.
28. People talk much about this subject.
29. This subject is much talked about Ø.
30. He does not like people looking at him.
31. He does not like being looked at Ø.
Verbes à schémas à trois places
32. Fred gave Susan the photo.
33. The photo was given to Susan
34. Susan was given the photo
35. His boss offered him a pay rise.
36. A pay rise was offered to him.
37. He was offered a pay rise.
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38. Someone told me an interesting story.
39. I was told an interesting story.
Exercice
Mettez les phrases suivantes au passif en transformant le GN souligné en sujet
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
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Someone told me his latest novel was fascinating.
Someone gave her a strange explanation.
Someone gave her a strange explanation.
Someone refused him entrance to the club.
Someone sent her a love letter for Valentine’s day.
Someone sent her a love letter for Valentine’s day.
Chapitre 10
La phrase complexe : les subordonnées
Objectifs : subordonnées nominales (à un mode personnel ou impersonnel).
1. Fred likes tea. I know it.
2. I know [that Fred likes tea].
3. I know [Ø Fred likes tea].
4. I knew Fred liked tea.
5. I know [it].
6. I know [his taste for tea].
Subordonnées nominales en THAT / Ø
7. He remembered [Susan's birthday].
8. He remembered [it].
9. He remembered [that it was Susan's birthday].
10. He remembered [Ø it was Susan's birthday].
11. The trouble is [this one].
12. The trouble is [that he does not want to stay].
13. The trouble is [Ø he does not want to stay].
14. I was sure [of his victory].
15. I was sure [that he would win the match].
16. I was sure [Ø he would win the match]
17. [His fraud] is now beyond doubt.
18. [That he never payed any taxes] is now beyond doubt.
19. *[Ø he never payed any taxes] is now beyond doubt.
20. It is now beyond doubt [that he never payed any taxes].
21. It is now beyond doubt [Ø he never payed any taxes].
22. [That he married Sue] is quite unbelievable.
23. It is quite unbelievable [that he married Sue].
24. I find [his reaction] surprising.
25. ?I find [that he left] surprising.
26. I find it surprising [that he left].
Subordonnées nominales en WH- / IF
27. Where have you put the newspaper? → I asked him [where he had put the newspaper].
28. Will he stay over the week-end? → I don't know if / whether he'll stay over the week-end.
29. Who will arrive first? → [Who arrives first] matters little.
30. How are we going to convice them? → The problem is [how we are going to convince
them].
31. How good Fred is at tennis! → He told us [how good Fred was at tennis].
32. He took [what they gave him].
33. He tells the story to [whoever will listen to him].
34. You can meet [who you like].
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Chapitre 11
La phrase complexe : les subordonnées (II)
Objectifs : subordonnées adverbiales et relatives.
Subordonnées nominales à mode impersonnel
1. He helped [wash the dishes].
2. He helped Fred [wash the dishes].
3. He helped him [wash the dishes].
4. I saw him [be able to swim].
5. *I saw him [can swim].
6. He wants [to stay here].
7. He wants Fred [to stay here].
8. [To be or not to be], that is the question.
9. He likes [to drive slowly].
10. I've tried [to open the door] but I think the lock is jammed.
11. He hates [watching TV].
12. He hates Fred [watching TV].
13. Why don't you try [using the other key]?
14. He stopped smoking.
15. He stopped to smoke.
16. He stopped driving to have a smoke.
Subordonnées adverbiales (= subordonnées circonstancielles)
17. I'll call you [quickly].
18. I'll call you [as soon as I arrive in London].
19. I found the keys [where you told me to look].
20. You'll be able to go [wherever you like].
21. [If you promise not to tell anybody], I'll let you into the secret.
22. [Were I elected leader of the party], I would be able to re-unite it.
23. [Although it's cold], he won't turn on the heating.
24. He threw away his old television [when he could have repared it easily].
25. The river is dry [because there hasn't been enough rain].
Subordonnées relatives
26. I love the car you bought!
27. I love the car [Ø you bought]!
28. I love the car, you bet!
29. The explorer visited {cities [that were strange and marvellous]}.
30. The explorer visited {strange and marvellous cities}
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Bibliographie
La cote Dewey des ouvrages est donnée entre parenthèse. La cote correspondant aux ouvrages de
grammaire anglaise est « 425 » et celle correspondant au thème anglais est « 428.02 ».
Tous les ouvrages cités dans la présente bibliographie se situent au 2e étage de la Bibliothèque
Universitaire.
Grammaire de référence
Larreya, Paul. Grammaire explicative de l'anglais. Paris, Pearson Longman, 2005.
Autres grammaires
Berland-Delépine, Serge. Grammaire anglaise de l’étudiant. Ophrys, 2014. (425 BER gra)
Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar in Use: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for
Intermediate Learners of English, Fourth edition with answers, Cambridge: CUP, 2012.
Pilard, Georges. Harrap’s grammaire anglaise, Larousse, 2012. (425 HAR gra)
Robert, Alain-Louis. L'essentiel de la grammaire anglaise en 50 fiches. Ellipses, 2011. (425 ROB
ess)
Exercices de thème, de grammaire et QCM
Billange, Claude. English grammar files with exercises. Fiches de grammaire anglaise avec
exercices. Ellipses, 2012. (425 BIL eng)
Cascade, Joël. Anglais, grammaire synthétique. Ellipses, 2014. (425 CAS gra)
Delmotte, Axel. 1000 QCM d’anglais. Studyrama, 2011. (425 DEL mil)
Delmotte, Axel. Je maitrise la grammaire anglaise. Studyrama, 2014. (425 DEL jem)
Larreya, Paul. Exercices : grammaire explicative de l'anglais. Paris, Pearson Longman, 2005.
Loubignac, Cécile, Loubignac, Claude. Le thème anglais grammatical. Ellipses, 1992. (428.02
LOU the)
Loubignac, Cécile. La grammaire anglaise en fiches et QCM. Ellipses, 2011. (425 LOU gra)
Loubignac, Cécile. Le thème anglais grammatical en fiches. Ellipses, 2005. (428.02 LOU the)
Marquis, Peter. To err is human : maîtriser la grammaire anglaise grâce aux erreurs les plus
courantes : 250 exemples réels corrigés et expliqués. Optimum, 2014. (425 MAR toe)
Rotgé, Wilfrid, Malavieille, Michèle, Mutch, George P. Exercices de thème grammatical anglais, 2e
édition. PUF, 2013. (428 ROT exe)
Thompson, Jean-Max. Anglais, thèmes d'aujourd'hui : 474 phrases corrigées : examens et concours
de l'enseignement supérieur. Vuibert, 2010. (428.02 THO ang)
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Table des matières
Programme des cours...........................................................................................................................3
Remarques préalables...........................................................................................................................4
Exemplier.............................................................................................................................................5
Chapitre 1 Introduction – Le groupe nominal.................................................................................5
Chapitre 2 Les adjectifs, comparatifs et superlatifs.........................................................................7
Chapitre 3 Les pronoms.................................................................................................................10
Chapitre 4 Les pronoms (II)...........................................................................................................13
Chapitre 5 Le prétérit.....................................................................................................................14
Chapitre 6 La syntaxe....................................................................................................................15
Chapitre 7 Les compléments du verbe...........................................................................................18
Chapitre 8 Les compléments du verbe (II)....................................................................................20
Chapitre 9 Le passif.......................................................................................................................21
Chapitre 10 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées.....................................................................23
Chapitre 11 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées (II)...............................................................24
Bibliographie......................................................................................................................................25
26