List of abstracts in alphabetical order

List of abstracts in alphabetical order :
Alakbarli, Farid
Medieval manuscripts from Baku in the Memory of the World Programme of UNESCO.
The Memory of the World Program is running by UNESCO to discover and protect the most
important, rare and unique written documents. The Institute of Manuscripts of the Azerbaijan
National Academy of Sciences has a collection of 390 early medical documents, which include
363 manuscripts dating from the 9th century. Of these, 70 are in the Arabic language, 71 in
Turkic languages including Azeri Turkish, and the remainder in Persian. In 29 July 2005,
UNESCO officially included three medieval medical manuscripts from the Institute in the
register of the Memory of the World Program, which comprises unique and irreplaceable written
monuments of humankind. These manuscripts are as follows. 1) Second volume of ―Canon of
Medicine" (1030 AD) by Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD), which was copied in 1143 AD - about a
hundred years after Ibn Sina’s death. This Avicenna manuscript is considered to be one of the
most old and reliable in the world. 2) ―Zakhira-i Nizamshahi‖ by Rustam Jurjani. This book was
written in the 13th century and imitates the famous medical book ―Zakhira-i Kharazmshahi‖ by
Zeynaddin Jurjani. Rustam Jurjani’s Baku manuscript is unique, because it is the only manuscript
of this book in the world. 3) ―Al Maqalat as-Salasun‖ by Abu al-Kasim Zahrawi (936 – 1013
AD), the Arabian physician from Andalusia ( Spain ), which was known in medieval Europe as
Abulcasis. The book gives description of different types of surgical treatment and provides
drawings of hundreds of surgical instruments which were used many centuries ago.
Alberola, Victoria
La numérisation dans les bibliothèques actuelles. Prohets dans cadre EuropéLe cas de la
bibliothèque Islamique l‛aecid « Félix María Pareja « (Madrid).
Les Bibliothèques numériques. Typologie et elements. Normalisation. Analyse de quelques
projets nationaux et internationaux: le cas du projet Europ-Orient. Création et gestion des
Bibliothèques Numériques: le cas de la ―Biblioteca islámica Félix María Pareja‖ de Madrid.
Almunsed, Saleh M.
Name Authority Control In The Arabic Union Catalog.
A paper will detail how the Arabic Union Catalog treats Arabic names in its name authority file.
It will explain the standards, rules and practices applied to both modern and classic Arabic
names. It will also conclude with real example records retrieved from the AUC name authority
file.
Beaudin, Elizabeth A. S. & Peter Colvin
International cooperation and Arabic digitization projects.
SOAS and Yale are partners in a transatlantic project to digitize a select group of Islamic
manuscripts in Arabic and Persian along with dictionaries and manuscript catalogs, printed in
Arabic and Western scripts. This is the first Arabic OCR project for SOAS, while Yale now has
significant experience in the digitization of Arabic text. Peter Colvin from SOAS and Elizabeth
Beaudin from Yale will discuss three key points of the collaboration : training, experimentation
to improve OCR accuracy, and metadata work to improve the descriptions of manuscripts.
Boukerzaza, Kamel & Azzedine Bouderbane
Les manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale d’Algérie : la numerisation et la recherche
scientifique.
A travers notre communication, nous voulons decrire le fonds des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque
Nationale d’Algérie (Alger) :un fonds tres riche .Nous voulons également mettre en relief le
processus de numerisation qui est en cours avec son utilité quant à la recherche scientifique.
Eliwa, Mohamad
AskZad: The Arabic Digital Library & Research Engine.
Digital publishing in general and academic content in specific presents a huge challenge in the
Middle East, with publishers worried that allowing their materials to be distributed in a digital
format will destroy their print business;, copyrights that are often not clear-cut and are even more
often ignored or violated. Further, much of what IS published digitally is of a very poor quality
and cannot compete with the standards that most of the world expects. Another challenge is the
fact that OCR in Arabic is, at best, approximately 60% accurate, the quality of which is
unacceptable to us and to most librarians we’ve talked to in many parts of the world. In order to
be prepared for the day when Arabic OCR catches up with the rest of the world, AskZad has an
in-house digitizing, indexing and archiving center to create OCR-ready content. AskZad was
created over a span of years, the seed of which was planted in 1998 with an Arabic press index
and database. It was the first and is still the largest Arabic digital library and in late 2009 was
relaunched with a bilingual Arabic/English interface. Today it offers an extensive referential,
cultural and academic database and indices with 25,000 e-books, 7,000 dissertations, 10,000 peer
review articles, 700 journals and 1500 newspapers & magazines from the Middle East. AskZad
licenses all copyrighted content directly with the rights holder and pays royalties for contributing
and for customer access. During 2010, Arabia Inform plans to vastly expand AskZad content,
both geographically and by topic. Customers subscribe on an annual basis and AskZad is
available globally.
Gençboyaci , Melek & Sara Yontan
Millet Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi & the Ali Emiri collection.
Millet Yazma Eser Kutuphanesi, as its name suggests, is a manuscript library in Istanbul. This
paper will browse its history from the beginning of its construction as a Feyziye Medresesi in
1700-1701 through the early decades of the 20th century when the erudite bibliophile Ali Emiri
Efendi is offered to host his personal library there. Today, recently restored, this Ottoman
complex holds various collections including that of Ali Emiri who has greatly contributed to
public librarianship until his death.
The paper will also deal with the ongoing cataloguing project of Ali Emiri’s collection, presently
conducted by a team of specialists under Professor Gunay Kut’s supervision.
Goldstein-Sabbah, Sasha
Islam online at Brill - progress & new developments. As a follow-up to last year's questions
special focus will be paid to the Bibliography of the Arabic Book, Brockelmann online, the ebook collections, and additions to our primary source collection. Demonstrations of the various
platforms and a Q & A period will also be part of the presentation.
Humbert, Genevieve
Et si on avait fabriqué du papier dans la Syrie omeyyade ?
On sait qu’on considère généralement, sur la foi de témoignages relativement tardifs, que la
fabrication de papier dans l’Empire musulman a commencé en 751, soit très peu de temps après
la chute des Omeyyades et la victoire des Abbassides. Cette affirmation a été parfois mise en
doute, par exemple (sous une forme nuancée) par Ibn al-Nadîm lui-même, qui nous dit
ceci : « Quant au papier du Khorâsân… on dit qu’il apparut du temps des Omeyyades, d’autres
disent que ce fut sous les Abbassides ; certains disent que sa fabrication est ancienne, d’autres
qu’elle est nouvelle… ». Mais la meilleure façon de la contester serait de prouver que le papier
avait commencé à être fabriqué avant cette date.
La Syrie, par la précocité de sa production, que souligne Jean Irigoin (« A Damas, c’est dès le 8e
siècle que les copistes grecs utilisèrent le papier pour la confection des livres »), comme par la
qualité de cette production (rappelons-nous la charta damascena et la charta bambycina des
Occidentaux), par la multiplicité des lieux de production (Damas, Mambidj, Tripoli, Hama,
Tibériade pour les plus anciens), se distingue de l’Iraq, qui ne suit pas, comme le souligne la
phrase suivante, tirée d’un texte anonyme écrit en Egypte au 15e siècle : « quand le papier d’Irak
venait à manquer, on fabriquait à Damas un papier qui lui ressemblait de près ».
Sans développer ici l’ensemble des indices qui me paraissent significatifs pour conforter
l’hypothèse d’une fabrication antérieure à l’arrivée des Abbassides, et d’une fabrication plus
précisément syrienne, je m’attacherai à celui qui me paraît le plus significatif, même si je ne
peux l’expliquer dans l’état actuel de la recherche. Il s’agit du témoignage d’un auteur du 15 e
siècle, qui explique que le vocabulaire technique du papier en Syrie est différent de celui qui
s’est imposé depuis : c’est le cas en particulier du mot utilisé pour désigner la feuille et de celui
utilisé pour désigner la « main » de papier.
Ipert, Stéphane
Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies.
The European Science Foundation (ESF) is an independent, non-governmental organisation, the
members of which are 80 national funding agencies, research performing agencies, academies
and learned societies from 30 countries. In this framework , a new networking project called
COMST (Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies) has just been developed.
Manuscript studies, as the discipline dealing with material hand-written text witnesses, are of
fundamental importance for the study of all literate and literary cultures, and scholars working in
the different branches of philology, including Oriental studies, have long been aware of this fact.
Over the past decades, numerous studies devoted to various issues of manuscript studies have
emerged, focusing on codicology, palaeography, text criticism, and also issues of manuscript
preservation and restoration.
COMST is composed by 5 teams , and each of them is composed by 10 to 20 experts from
European countries.
Team 1 Material aspects: codicology, palaeography
Team 2 Manuscripts as text witnesses: philology as text criticism
Team 3 Digital philology: text recognition, encoding, editing
Team 4 Manuscript cataloguing
Team 5 Manuscript preservation: conservation, restoration, preservation, digitisation
Lee , Robert & Paul Valhaere
East View Information Services will speak about an expanding suite of products and services for
Middle East Studies, including new online databases and a preview of forthcoming solutions.
Topics will range from Arabic, Hebrew, and other vernacular databases to custom online services
to meet the needs of libraries with Middle East resources in print and microform.
Magierski, Peter
Eariy History of Printing in Afghanistan.
The paper will examine the history of printing in Afghanistan beginning with the introduction of
the first lithographic press in 1870 and ending in the 1930's when typography allowed for wider
dissemination of books. The publishing output of Afghanistan from the establishment of the first
press and 1930's has been very modest for the reasons I will outline in my paper. Drawing on the
examples of early Afghani imprints that have been assembled for the Afghanistan Digital Library
Project at New York University I will demonstrate the important role they played in the
strengthening of the emerging state of Afghanistan.
Martinez Olmo, Pilar ( Monasterio, Ortega, Maite; Ponsati Obiols, Agnès; Castilla, Juan;
Font Myriam,; Cottereau, Mario)
Manuscripta@CSIC Project
The CSIC (Spanish Research Council) is a multi-sector, multi-disciplinary public research entity
attached to the Spanish ministry of Science and Innovation and it is established throughout
Spain. It is a scientific institution which collaborates with the state, autonomous and local
authorities , with other research institutions (universities, public and private research entities) and
with social and economic organisations both national and foreign, to which it brings its research
capacity and its human resources and materials either in the development of research
programmes or as scientific and technical advice and support.
It is made up of 120 institutes with a specialized library which supports research. These, in turn
are organized into the CSIC Library Network made up of 78 specialized libraries distributed over
Spain. In coordination they make up one of the largest contributions to the system of scientific
information in the country; highly specialized library resources of more than 1,500,000
monographs and more than 45.000 titles corresponding to 76,000 journal collections as well as
other types of documental material such as maps, photographs, manuscripts, archive materials
etc.
Manuscripta@CSIC is a coordinated project of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern Languages
and Cultures (CCHS-CSIC), the School of Arabic Studies(CSIC) and the Library Coordination
Unit to build up an Internet Portal to access the CSIC Arabic and Hebrew manuscripts
collections kept at some CSIC libraries.
One of the main goals, both, at the Institute of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Languages and
Cultures Institute and School of Arabic Studies is the study of the written heritage written in
oriental languages. To this end, a research group is specifically dedicated to this field, focusing
their works in codicological and palaeographic studies of manuscripts, written in the languages
of the Mediterranean basin during the Antiquity and Middle Ages.
Within the scope of the research, and after having catalogued all Hebrew manuscripts kept in
Madrid libraries, now it’ s time for a new research project to work and present altogheter the
Arabic and Hebrew manuscript collections.
The project will include all manuscripts in oriental languages of the Tomás Navarro Tomás
Library (Madrid-Spain) and the School of Arabic Studies library (Granada-Spain) and has been
designed to offer not only to scholars, but also to librarians, all useful information about each
document: by means of digitizing, codicological information and catalographical data. In order to
reach this aim, the project has been conceived as a joint task between librarians and scholars,
combining methodological and catalographical aspects.
The total amount of manuscripts kept in both libraries reaches 160 documents. The first step will
cover the restoration of some documents and the codicological and bibliographic catalogation,
automation and digitization of all of them. Later on a specialized portal with some specific
services and edit utilities will be set up to offer a useful tool to the scientific community.
The presentation at MELCON conference in Cordoba (April 2010) will cover the different
aspects, processes, methods and phases of the Manucripta@CSIC project.
Okuyucu, Cihan
XVI.CENTURY POET INTIZÂMÎ AND HIS RARE MANUSCRIPT ABOUT HIS
ADVENTURE : TUHFETU’L-IHVÂN
I want to present an important manuscript -important both for its copies are rare and it has a
gripping content- which is authored by a XVI. Century poet who used « İntizâmî » for pen name.
We know from the classical biografical sources that İntizâmî is from Bosnia and he also writed a
sûrnâme (it is a literary genre in the Ottoman literature). İntizâmî explain his adventures, places,
events, etc. in its versified work.
Pulford, David
Virtual Mingana
The Mingana Collection of Middle Eastern Manuscripts held at Special Collections in the
University of Birmingham is made up of over 3,000 Middle Eastern manuscripts in over eleven
languages brought together during the 1920s by an Iraqi priest called Alphonse Mingana. The
Mingana Collection includes the largest collection of Christian Arabic manuscripts in Europe
after the Vatican Library and the Bibliotheque Nationale; the Syriac section rates third in the
Europe after the British Museum and the Vatican Library and the Islamic collection is the third
largest Arabic manuscript collection in the UK.
Seventy-one manuscripts from this collection, previously unavailable on the web, have been
digitized as high resolution images along with descriptions from the printed catalogue and from
Special Collections' own records as the first phase of The Virtual Manuscript Room (VMR)
project.
The Virtual Manuscript Room is being created in Birmingham by the Institute of Textual
Scholarship and Electronic Editing (ITSEE) in partnership with the Institute for New Testament
Textual Research (INTF) Münster, Germany. The next phase of the VMR will develop a platform
for other institutions to make their collections available on their own servers which are
referenced on a central hub, thus creating an interactive environment in which libraries can add
images and scholars can add and edit metadata and transcripts online and users can access
material.
Roper, Geoffrey
Collaborative research on Fāris al-Shidyāq
Fāris al-Shidyāq (1805/06-1887), later Aḥmad Fāris Efendi, was a Lebanese author, translator,
editor, publisher, philologist, social critic and journalist who became a leading figure in the Arab
and Muslim Renaissance (Nahḍa) of the 19th century. He also played a crucial part in the
transition from manuscript to print culture in the Middle East. Originally a Maronite Catholic, he
converted first to Protestantism and subsequently to Islam, while remaining essentially a free
thinker. His career took him from Lebanon to Malta, Egypt, Britain, France, Tunisia and Turkey.
Although he has enjoyed a considerable reputation as a writer, and much has been written about
him, there remain many unanswered biographical, bibliographical and literary questions
concerning him.
For the last two years, a group of scholars in Egypt, Germany, Great Britain, Lebanon, Hungary
and USA have been meeting and collaborating to develop a research project to enlarge and
systematise knowledge of his life and writings. The aim is to resolve some problems and
contradictions in previous accounts, and establish a biographical and bibliographical database of
material on him and by him, using the resources of libraries and archives in several countries.
This presentation will give a brief account of what has been done, and the much greater amount
that still needs to be done.
Torres, Nuria and Jaime López, García Félix
Presentation of the Documentation Center and the Media Library Edward W. Said of Casa Árabe
e Instituto Internacional de Estudios Árabes y del Mundo Musulmán.
Nuria Torres (Head Documentation Center) with Jaime Lopez (Head Media Library Edward W.
Said) of Arab House present these two areas included within the Casa Árabe.
The objective is to present the Documentation Center and Media Library Edward W. Said of
Casa Árabe. Its funds meet in Spain a unique collection of periodicals, digital documents, DVD
films and CD music of contemporary Islamic and Arab world. The focus of these two projects is
to allow creating a rich and specialized collection, developing visual and sound files.
In the other hand, it is important to highlight another factor that the new technologies and
knowledge management gives us is the fact of being able to turn into a "resource center" on the
electronic, audiovisual and multimedia documents of the contemporary Arab world.
A new feature offers the ability to retrieve information in Arabic script. The documental analisis
and data processing done in both department offers a new area of specialization in audiovisual
performances and contemporary Arab audiovisual creation, which are in constant growth and
renewal. This is the first experience in Spain showing an area of broad experimentation and
reflection, where the technological, visual and rhythmic have the ability to communicate
contemporary realities of the Arab culture.
Both collections search computerized cataloging through Millennium System that enables the
creation of the first systematic catalog in Arabic in Spain: a union catalog called Diwan.
Vasilyeva, Olga
Orientalia of General Peter Suchtelen.
Count Suchtelen (1751–1836), Russian General of Dutch origin, the Russian ambassador in
Sweden, was a passionate book-collector. After his death his huge library was acquired by the
Russian government and dispersed between several institutions. The West-Europeans manuscript
books and autographs are kept now in the National Library of Russia, meanwhile the Oriental
collection was planned to be put into the Asiatic Museum (Institute of Oriental manuscripts of
today). In fact the most part was transferred in the Museum and divided between the collections
organized by language principle, thus, now is very difficult to restore the Suchtelen collection.
Besides, several manuscripts are housed in the Oriental faculty of the St-Petersburg State
University and in the National Library of Russia. The reconstruction of the Suchtelen’s
Orientalia is the main aim of the presented work.
Wentker, Sibylle
The Manuscript Collection of Hammer-Purgstall in the Austrian National Library
The reknown Austrian orientalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1856) devoted a
considerable amount of his scholarly energy to collecting oriental manuscripts in Istanbul and
Cairo, either by himself or by making use of his network of acquaintances and book dealers in
the Middle East. In the forties of the 19th century Hammer-Purgstall sold his collection to the
Imperial Library in Vienna, almost doubeling its oriental holdings. The paper presents for the
first time the collection which still forms a substantial part of the today Austrian National
Library and tries further to shed light on the mechanisms of manuscript acquisition in the
beginning of the 19th century in Istanbul.
Wiederhold, Lutz
The Library of the German Oriental Society at the Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-
Anhalt, Halle (ULB Halle) and its significance for current digitisation efforts in MENALIB
The German Oriental Society (Deutsche Morgenlaendische Gesellschaft – DMG) was founded
in 1845 on the initiative of scholars from Leipzig and Halle. In 1846, the society decided to
maintain a library of its own In the city of Halle. In the 1890s, the society’s library became a
part of the library of the University of Halle and remains to be in this status until the present day.
Since being a part of Halle University the library has always been furnished with its own budget
for acquisitions. However, a major part of its holdings consists of donations or bequests of
former members of the society, a fact that helps to understand the unique character that the
collection has aquired over more than 150 years. The uniqueness of its holdings renders the
collection a valuable source for current digitsation projects at ULB Halle as supported by the
German Research Foundation (DFG). The paper describes the process of selection of relevant
materials from the library of the DMG for, and the workflows of digitsation of these materials
and presents perspectives of linking the current projects of ULB Halle with other digitsation
projects focused on Middle East studies materials.
Yastrebova, Olga
Calligraphic manuscripts of the Zand and Qajar period in the National Library of Russia.
The National Library of Russia’s collection of Persian manuscript is famous for a number of rare
and magnificently decorated manuscripts, especially of the Safavid period. At the same time it
stores some items of the later period (late 18th and first half of 19th centuries) which are far less
studied and practically unknown to researches. These manuscripts show examples of fine
calligraphy and book decoration. Most of them came to the library as part of collections of two
diplomats, counts Ivan Simonich and Dmitriy Dolgorukiy, who where Russia’s ministers
plenipotentiary in Persia respectively in 1832–1838 and 1845-1854. Of special interest is the
muraqqa-album from the Simonich collection made around the year 1201 (1786-1787) in Isfahan
and containing many samples of the shikastah style by the calligrapher Mirza Kuchak Isfahani.
Yazar, Sadik,
THE TURKISH TRANSLATION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT IN THE PERIOD OF THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE (FROM BEGINING TO END OF THE XVIII. CENTURY)
As it is known ; the translations of the sacred texts are an important subject in the modern
translation studies. The translations of the New Testament into the various world languages has
also been studied many times. I want to take a glance at the Turkish translation of The New
Testament in the period of the Ottoman Empire presenting some rare manuscripts.
Zaytsev, Ilya
Turkish Manuscripts in the Institute of Oriental Studies (Moscow)
The paper is about the Ottoman-Turkish Mss preserved in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). The collection holds 20 Manuscripts in Ottoman
Turkish language. They are dated back to 16—19 cent., dealing chiefly with Islamic religion
(religious law, popular expositions of the Sunni creed, commentaries to the Holy Quran,
prayers), philology (Persian-Ottoman dictionaries) and literature (poetry). There are also some
manuscripts, which cover various aspects of medicine (copy of Ibn al-Baytar’s pharmacology)
and geography (cosmography). The collection is not numerous, however, rather important.
According to the seal dated 1281 (1864/65) (which is printed on the Mss) the main part of the
collection belonged to a waqf of a certain sheikh Ahmed Ziyauddin ibn Mustafa al-Haledi ar-
Raji.
Zubcevic, Asim
Book Ownership in Ottoman Sarajevo 1767-1807
The paper presents findings of a research into book ownership among the citizens of Sarajevo on
the basis of data collected from the city's Sharia court registers. It seeks to answer two main
questions: What kind of books did the citizens of Sarajevo own and probably read during this
period, and: Who were the owners? The former question is addressed by analysing the data in
terms of the genre, the language and the value of the books owned, while the latter is answered
by providing an overview of the book-owners in terms of their social background, wealth and
gender.
Žutić, Fatima
The Earliest Printed Books Kept in the Library of the Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of
Sarajevo
Although the Faculty of Islamic Studies in Sarajevo is a relatively new institution, having being
founded in 1977, its library contains some of the oldest specimens of Muslim printed culture
preserved in Bosnia. These books predate the setting up of the first official printing press in the
Ottoman province of Bosnia in 1866 and may have come out of the older printing presses of
Istanbul and Cairo established in the 18th and 19th centuries.
While Bosnian scholars have tended to give greater prominence to Islamic manuscripts, this
paper seeks to redress the imbalance by describing the oldest extant printed books kept in the
Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of Sarajevo.
Ksibi, Ahmed
Caractéristiques du lectorat dans le monde Arabe.
Il s’agit pour cette investigation de proposer une synthèse concernant les pratiques lectorales et
l’usage de l’Internet comme des nouveaux comportements informationnels dans quelques pays
arabes. La carence dans le monde Arabe des enquêtes sur la lecture, qui sont menées
régulièrement dans des pays développés,1 prive des références consistantes à tous ceux qui sont
préoccupés par le développement de ces pays. Ces enquêtes des pays développés ont le mérite de
quantifier les pratiques culturelles et lectorales dans une perspective comparative, et d’avoir des
solides repères pour évaluer la réalisation de la société de l’information. La maîtrise de la lecture
est un facteur clé d'un système éducatif efficace selon les constats faits par les enquêtes de
l'OCDE au titre du PISA sur les compétences et les connaissances des jeunes aux fins des
interactions économiques et sociales. Ces études quantitatives restent indispensables, cependant
l'état de la connaissance des pratiques de lecture chez les pays arabes reste fragmentaire et
lacunaire. Les études de la lecture n’occupent qu’une place secondaire dans les préoccupations
des institutions de recherche et des chercheurs en sciences sociales.
Les caractéristiques de la lecture dans le monde arabe à démontrer, ne seront affirmées qu’à
- Les enquêtes sur Les pratiques culturelles des Français, en 1974, 1982, 1990 et 1998 … au
Canada : National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth: Early Reading Ability and Later
Literacy Skills . ,sont conduites périodiquement selon la même méthodologie, afin de voir la
configuration du développement culturel et lectoral .
1
travers les statistiques de sources reconnues et les enquêtes méthodologiquement les plus
valables.
Une des sources les plus crédibles est l’étude de Next page 2 sur la lecture dans neuf pays arabes,
C’est une première qui doit être exposée. Collecter des données concernant la lecture offre un
substrat informationnel important permettant la comparaison du lectorat Arabe et permet de
suivre à la trace des lecteurs pour estimer le progrès "culturel" accompli dans la région.
What Arabs Read: a Pan – Arab Survey of readership : Phase one : Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia,
Tunisia, Morocco .Synovate, n. p. , 2007 . 326 p
-What Arabs Read: a Pan – Arab Survey of readership : Phase two :Algeria, Jordan, Palestine, Syria .
Synovate, n. p. , 2007 . 255 p.
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