Armstrong Seminar_F 2009

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
açÅìãÉåíë=ÇÛáåëÅêáéíáçå=éçìê=äÉ=
p¨ãáå~áêÉ=^êãëíêçåÖ=EP=àçìêëF=¶=eÉêëí~äL_ÉäÖáèìÉ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
`ÉåíêÉ=ÇÉ=Ñçêã~íáçå=^êãëíêçåÖ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
cê~åò=dóëá=^d=Ó=dÉëÅÜ®ÑíëÄÉêÉáÅÜ=cäçï=`çåíêçä=J==_~ÅÜëíê~ëëÉ=PQ=Ó=`eJRMPQ=pìÜê=
qÉäÉÑçå=MSO=URR=MM=MM=Ó=qÉäÉÑ~ñ=MSO=URR=MM=MV=Ó=òÉåíê~äÉ]ÑÖóëáKÅÜ=Ó=ïïïKÑÖóëáKÅÜ
=
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
mêçÖê~ããÉ=^ojpqolkd=p¨ãáå~áêÉ=OMMV=
=
NÉê=àçìê=
MV=Ü=MM==
=
MV=Ü=PM=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
NN=Ü=MM=
=
NN=Ü=NR=
=
mê¨ëÉåí~íáçå=ÇÉ=ä~=pçÅá¨í¨=^êãëíêçåÖ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=
iÉë=Ä~ëÉë=ÇÉ=ä~=íܨçêáÉ=ëìê=ä~=î~éÉìê=
J=q~ÄäÉ=ÇÉ=î~éÉìê=ë~íìê¨ÉI=
J=sçäìãÉ=ëé¨ÅáÑáèìÉI=
J=cçêã~íáçå=Çì=îáÇÉI=
J=s~éÉìê=ÇÉ=êÉî~éçêáë~íáçåI=
J=s~éÉìê=ë~íìê¨É=ë≠ÅÜÉI=
J=s~éÉìê=ëìêÅÜ~ìÑѨÉI=
J=cçêã~íáçå=ÇÉë=Åçìéë=ÇÉ=ĨäáÉêK=
m^rpb=
iÉë=éìêÖÉìêë=î~éÉìêW=íܨçêáÉ=
J=o∑äÉ=Çì=éìêÖÉìê=Éí=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=ÇÉë=ÇáÑѨêÉåíë=éêáåÅáéÉë=ÇÉ=
==ÑçåÅíáçååÉãÉåíë=Ó=~î~åí~ÖÉë=Éí=áåÅçåî¨åáÉåíëK=
=
NO=Ü=PM=
irk`e=
=
NP=Ü=PM=
i~Äçê~íçáêÉ=
=
J=o~ééÉä=ÇÉë=Ä~ëÉë=ÇÉ=ä~=íܨçêáÉ=ëìê=ä~=î~éÉìê=
=
J=mêçŨÇìêÉë=ÇÉ=Ǩã~êê~ÖÉ=ÇÛìåÉ=áåëí~ää~íáçå=
=
J=a¨ãçåëíê~íáçå=Çì=îáÇÉ=Éí=ÇÉë=Åçìéë=ÇÉ=ĨäáÉê=
=
J=o∑äÉ=Çì=éìêÖÉìê=Éí=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=ÇÉë=ÇáÑѨêÉåíë=éêáåÅáéÉë=ÇÉ==
=====================================ÑçåÅíáçååÉãÉåíë=Ó=~î~åí~ÖÉë=Éí=áåÅçåî¨åáÉåíë=
=
J=p¨äÉÅíáçåI=áåëí~ää~íáçå=Éí=êÉÅçãã~åÇ~íáçåë=
=
J=j¨íÜçÇÉë=ÇÉ=Åçåíê∑äÉ=
=
J=a¨ãçåëíê~íáçå=ëìê=äÉë=ãçÇ≠äÉë=Éå=îÉêêÉ=
=
J=`çåíêÉJéêÉëëáçåI=êÉJî~éçêáë~íáçå=Éí=ÇáãÉåëáçååÉãÉåí=ÇÉë=íìó~ìíÉêáÉë=
=
J=iÉ=íÉëí=ÇÉ=éìêÖÉìêë=
=
NRK=Ü=MM=
pìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=éÉêã~åÉåíÉ=Çì=éê~Å=ÇÉ=éìêÖÉìêëW=
=
píÉ~ãpí~ê=L=píÉ~ãbóÉ=
=
NT=Ü=MM=
=cáå=ÇÉ=ä~=éêÉãá≠êÉ=gçìêå¨É=
=
NV=Ü=PM=
afkbo==
=
`=
=
cê~åò=dóëá=^d=Ó=dÉëÅÜ®ÑíëÄÉêÉáÅÜ=cäçï=`çåíêçä=J==_~ÅÜëíê~ëëÉ=PQ=Ó=`eJRMPQ=pìÜê=
qÉäÉÑçå=MSO=URR=MM=MM=Ó=qÉäÉÑ~ñ=MSO=URR=MM=MV=Ó=òÉåíê~äÉ]ÑÖóëáKÅÜ=Ó=ïïïKÑÖóëáKÅÜ
3
=
=
=
=
O≠ãÉ=àçìê=
MV=Ü=MM=
=
=
NM=Ü=PM=
=
NM=Ü=QR=
=
=
NO=Ü=MM=
=
=
NP=Ü=MM=
=
NQKMM=
=
NQKPM=
=
=
NR=Ü=PM=
=
=
=
=
bÅÜ~åÖÉìêë=åçó¨ë=Éí=ê¨Åìé¨ê~íáçå=ÇÉë=ÅçåÇÉåë~íëI=éçãéÉë=¶==
ÅçåÇÉåë~íI=mçëáéêÉëëìêÉ=Éí=Å~ëëÉJîáÇÉ=
m^rpb=
mêçÇìÅíáçå=ÇÛÉ~ì=ÅÜ~ìÇÉ=
J=aáÑѨêÉåíÉë=ã¨íÜçÇÉëW=íܨçêáÉ=
mêçÇìÅíáçå=ÇÛÉ~ì=ÅÜ~ìÇÉ=Éí=éçãéÉë=¶=ÅçåÇÉåë~í=
mê~íáèìÉ=Éå=ä~Äçê~íçáêÉ=
irk`e=
sáëáíÉ=ÇÉ=äÛìëáåÉ=
i~Äçê~íçáêÉW=
jqp=qÜÉêãçëóéÜçå=
píÉ~ãbóÉ=
nìÉëíáçåë=L=o¨éçåëÉë=
nìÉëíáçåë=Lo¨éçåëÉë=Éí=Ñáå=Çì=ë¨ãáå~áêÉ=
=
qçí~äÉ=bìêç=PQMKÔ=
cê~áë=ÇÉ=ë¨ãáå~áêÉ=íçí~äÉI=áåÅäK=ÄçáëëçåëI=~äáãÉåí~íáçåI=ܨÄÉêÖÉãÉåí=Éí=ÇçÅìãÉåí~íáçå=
EäÉë=Ñê~áë=ÇÉ=îçó~ÖÉ=åÉ=ëçåí=é~ë=áåÅäìëF=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
cê~åò=dóëá=^d=Ó=dÉëÅÜ®ÑíëÄÉêÉáÅÜ=cäçï=`çåíêçä=J==_~ÅÜëíê~ëëÉ=PQ=Ó=`eJRMPQ=pìÜê=
qÉäÉÑçå=MSO=URR=MM=MM=Ó=qÉäÉÑ~ñ=MSO=URR=MM=MV=Ó=òÉåíê~äÉ]ÑÖóëáKÅÜ=Ó=ïïïKÑÖóëáKÅÜ
4
=
=
mä~å=ÇÉ=îçó~ÖÉ=Éå=~îáçå=
=
^ääÉêW== îçä=wΩêáÅÜ=Ó=aΩëëÉäÇçêÑ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
oÉíçìêW== îçä=aΩëëÉäÇçêÑ=Ó=wΩêáÅÜ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
o¨ëÉêî~íáçåW= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
===
=
=
=
=
=
qê~åëÑÉêí=~¨êçéçêí=Ó=Ü∑íÉäW=
=
=
=
äÉ=PMKMPKOMMV=~îÉÅ=^fo=_boifk=
sçä=åìã¨êç=^_=UNQP=
a¨é~êí=NRWMM=Ó=^êêáî¨É=NSWOM=
=
=
=
äÉ=MNKMQKOMMV=~îÉÅ=^fo=_boifk=
sçä=åìã¨êç=^_=UNTO=
a¨é~êí=ONWNM=Ó=^êêáî¨É=OOWOR=
iÉë=Ñê~áë=ÇÉ=îçä=ëD¨äÉîÉåí=¶=NQMKMM=`co=
EäÉë=Ñê~áë=éçìî~åí=~ìÖãçåíÉê=Ǩé~åÇ~åí=ÇÉë=ê¨ëÉêî~íáçå=
Ǩà¶=ÉÑÑÉÅíì¨F=
=
=
=
iÉ=ÄáääÉí=ÇD~îáçå=éÉìíJÆíêÉ=ê¨ëÉêîÉê=é~ê=fåíÉêåÉí=ëìê=äÉ=ëáíÉ=
ïïïK~áêÄÉêäáåKÅçã=çª=é~ê=í¨ä¨éÜçåÉ=~ì=MUQU=TPT=UMM=
EMKNN=`ecLãáåKF=
aÉ= aΩëëÉäÇçêÑ= åçìë= îçó~ÖÉçåë= ÉåëÉãÄäÉ= ~îÉÅ= ìå=
î¨ÜáÅìäÉ= ÇÉ= äçÅ~íáçå= EÉåîK= cêK= NRMKJ= é~ê= éÉêëçååÉF= ¶==
eÉêëí~äL_ÉäÖáèìÉI= çª= ëÉ= íêçìîÉ= åçíêÉ= e∑íÉäK= EÉåîK= NMR=
âã= L= N= ¼= ÜÉìêÉKFK= i~= Öê~åÇÉìê= Çì= î¨ÜáÅìäÉ= åDÉëí= é~ë=
ÉåÅçêÉ= Ñáñ¨É= Éí= îçìë= éçìîÉò= îçìë= àçáåÇêÉ= EÅçåíêÉ=
é~êíáÅáé~íáçåF=~ì=ÖêçìéÉK=
=
mä~å=ÇÉ=îçó~ÖÉ=~îÉÅ=äÉ=íê~áå=
=
^ääÉê=W= _Éêå=Ó=iá≠ÖÉJdìáääÉãáåë=
=
îá~=_ßäÉI=`çäçÖåÉ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
aÉí~áäë=ëçåí=é~ë=ÉåÅçêÉ=éìÄáäÅK=mêçÄ~ÄäÉãÉåíW=
=
=
=
=
=
=
a¨é~êí=_Éêå=NMWMO=Ó=^êêáî¨É=¶=iá≠ÖÉJdìáääÉãáåë=NSWRM=
=
=
=
=
=
=
aìê¨É=SWQU=~îÉÅ=O=ÅÜ~åÖÉãÉåíë=
=
oÉíçìêW=iá≠ÖÉJdìáääÉãáåë=Ó=_Éêå=
=
îá~=`çäçÖåÉ=Éí=_ßäÉ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
aÉí~áäë=ëçåí=é~ë=ÉåÅçêÉ=éìÄáäÅK=mêçÄ~ÄäÉãÉåíW=
=
=
=
=
=
=
a¨é~êí=iá≠ÖÉJdìáääÉãáåë=NRWNM=Ó=~êêáî¨É=¶=_Éêå=ONWRU=
=
=
=
=
=
=
aìê¨É=SWQU=~îÉÅ=O=ÅÜ~åÖÉãÉåíë=
=
qê~åëÑÉêí=Ö~êÉJÜ∑íÉäW=
sÉìáääÉò=äDçêÖ~åáëÉê=îçìëJãÆãÉK=
=
kçìë=îçìë=éêáçåë=ÇÉ=ÄáÉå=îçìäçáê=ê¨ëÉêîÉê=áåÇáîáÇìÉääÉãÉåí=îçíêÉ=ãçóÉå=ÇÉ=íê~åëéçêíI=éìáë=ÇÉ=
åçìë=áåÑçêãÉê=Çì=ãçÇÉ=Éí=ÇÉ=äÛÜçê~áêÉ=ÅÜçáëáëK=pá=îçìë=~îÉò=çéí¨=éçìê=äÛ~îáçå=áåÑçêãÉò=åçìë=ëá=
îçìë=îçìäÉò=îçìë=àçáåÇêÉ=¶=åçìë=éçìê=äÉ=íê~åëÑÉêí=Éå=îçáíìêÉ=ÇÉ=äçÅ~íáçåK==
=
mä~å=ÇÉ=îçó~ÖÉ=~îÉÅ=ä~=îçáíìêÉ=
=
aÉ=kÉìÅÜßíÉä=îá~=_ßäÉI=píê~ëÄçìêÖI=p~~êÄêΩÅâÉåI=iá≠ÖÉ=Éí=eÉêëí~ä=EÉåîáêçå=SNO=hãF=äÛçå=Ççáí=ÅçãéíÉê=~îÉÅ=
ìåÉ=Çìê¨É=ÇÉ=íê~àÉí=ÇÛÉåîáêçå=SÜ=PMãáåK=`~äÅìä~íÉìê=ÇDáíáå¨ê~áêÉ=ëìê=ïïïKíÅëKÅÜ=çª=ïïïKîá~ãáÅÜÉäáåKÑê=
kçìë=îçìë=ãÉííçåë=~=Çáëéçëáíáçå=ëìê=ÇÉã~åÇÉ=ìå=éä~å=ÇÉ=êçìíÉK=
=
e∑íÉä=
=
_Éëí=tÉëíÉêå=
mçëí=eçíÉä=pK^K=
oìÉ=eìêÄáëÉ=NSM=
_JQMQM=eÉêëí~ä=
qÉäKW=MMPO=QOSQ=SQ=MM=
cê~åò=dóëá=^d=Ó=dÉëÅÜ®ÑíëÄÉêÉáÅÜ=cäçï=`çåíêçä=J==_~ÅÜëíê~ëëÉ=PQ=Ó=`eJRMPQ=pìÜê=
qÉäÉÑçå=MSO=URR=MM=MM=Ó=qÉäÉÑ~ñ=MSO=URR=MM=MV=Ó=òÉåíê~äÉ]ÑÖóëáKÅÜ=Ó=ïïïKÑÖóëáKÅÜ
5
=
båíêÉéêáëÉW==
=
kçãW==
=
mê¨åçãW=
=
kø=ÇÉ=
éçêí~ÄäÉW=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
cçêãìä~áêÉ=ê¨éçåëÉ=
=
mçìê=ä~=ÄçååÉ=ê¨ìëëáíÉ=Éí=éä~åáÑáÅ~íáçå=Çì=ë¨ãáå~áêÉ=åçìë=~îçåë=ÄÉëçáå=ÇÉë=áåÑçêã~íáçåë=
ëìáî~åíÉëW=kçìë=îçìë=éêáçåë=ÇÉ=ÅçÅÜÉê=äÉë=Å~ëÉë=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇ~åíÉëW=
=
bíÉëJîçìë=áåí¨êÉëë¨=¶=é~êíáÅáéÉê=~ì=ë¨ãáå~áêÉ\=
=
=
=
=
=
a~íÉ= =
=
=
^ÅÅçãé~Öå~íÉìê= i~åÖìÉ=
=
=p¨ãáå~áêÉ=^ojpqolkd=
=
=p¨ãáå~áêÉ=^ojpqolkd=
=
PNK=ã~êë=~ì=MNK=~îêáä=OMMV=
sK=_áííåÉê==
=
cê~å´~áë=
MNK=~ì=MOK=ëÉéíÉãÄêÉ=OMMV= `ÜK=cáëÅÜÉêLpK=píÉáåÉê= ^ääÉã~åÇ=
=
nìÉä=ãçóÉå=ÇÉ=íê~åëéçêí=~îÉòJîçìë=ÅÜçáëá\=
=
=sçáíìêÉ=
=
=qê~áå=
=
=
=
m~êíáÅáéÉòJîçìë=~ì=íê~åëÑÉêí=
aΩëëÉäÇçêÑJeÉêëí~äJaΩëëÉäÇçêÑ\=
=
=lìá=
=kçå==
=
=
=
=^îáçå=
=
eÉìêÉ=ÇÛ~êêáî¨É=Éí=é~ê=èìÉä=ãçóÉå=¶=eÉêëí~äL_ÉäÖáèìÉ\=
=
PMK=ã~êë=OMMV==
=m~ê=~îáçå= =
=
ÉåîK=NUKMM=¶=äÛe∑íÉä=
=
=
=
=^îÉÅ=äÉ=íê~áå=
=
ÉåîK=NTKNR=¶=äÛe∑íÉä=
=
=
=
=^îÉÅ=ä~=îçáíìêÉ=
=
ÉåîK=ÁÁKK=¶=äÛe∑íÉä=
=
PNK=~çªí=OMMV==
=m~ê=~îáçå= =
=
ÉåîK=NUKMM=¶=äÛe∑íÉä=
=
=
=
=^îÉÅ=äÉ=íê~áå=
=
ÉåîK=NTKNR=¶=äÛe∑íÉä=
=
=
=
=^îÉÅ=ä~=îçáíìêÉ=
=
ÉåîK=ÁÁKK=¶=äÛe∑íÉä=
=
nìÉä=íóéÉ=ÇÉ=ÅÜ~ãÄêÉ=EPMKMPKJ=MNKMQKMV=çì=PNKMUK=Ó=MOKMVKMVF=ÇÉîçåëJåçìë=îçìë=
ê¨ëÉêîÉê\=
=
=`Ü~ãÄêÉ=åçå=ÑìãÉìê=
=`Ü~ãÄêÉ=ÑìãÉìê=
=
=
kçìë=îçìë=êÉãÉêÅáçåë=éçìê=ÅÉë=áåÑçêã~íáçåëK=
=
=
cê~åò=dóëá=^d=Ó=dÉëÅÜ®ÑíëÄÉêÉáÅÜ=cäçï=`çåíêçä=J==_~ÅÜëíê~ëëÉ=PQ=Ó=`eJRMPQ=pìÜê=
qÉäÉÑçå=MSO=URR=MM=MM=Ó=qÉäÉÑ~ñ=MSO=URR=MM=MV=Ó=òÉåíê~äÉ]ÑÖóëáKÅÜ=Ó=ïïïKÑÖóëáKÅÜ
6
cê~åò=dóëá=^d=Ó=dÉëÅÜ®ÑíëÄÉêÉáÅÜ=cäçï=`çåíêçä=J==_~ÅÜëíê~ëëÉ=PQ=Ó=`eJRMPQ=pìÜê=
qÉäÉÑçå=MSO=URR=MM=MM=Ó=qÉäÉÑ~ñ=MSO=URR=MM=MV=Ó=òÉåíê~äÉ]ÑÖóëáKÅÜ=Ó=ïïïKÑÖóëáKÅÜ