Working with Light, also producing light 2010 Team

Working with Light, also producing light
2010
Team Brown
Light Pattern Control of Cell Circuits
E.coli zur Proteinproduktionsmaschine, durch Plasmide auf denen Transkriptionsfaktoren
hinter lichtinduzierbaren Promotern codiert waren, umfunktioniert.
Team MIT
Programmable, Self-Constructing Biomaterials
Phagenmatrix wird durch UV-Licht (Säugerzellen) bzw. durch quorum sensing
(Bakterienzellen) induziert. Nachweis über fluoreszierende Proteine.
ESBS
Strasbourg
ESBS
Strasbourg
A light-controllable specific protein
degradation system
Light-controlled system to
degrade any specifically tagged
protein
Bronze medal
ETHZ Basel
Maquarie_Australi
a
SJTU-BioXShanghai
Tokyo_Tech,
Remotely controlled e. coli cell. Its
movement can be directed via red and
far-red light impulses, making the cell
move into a desired direction
User can guide individual cells
into a desired direction
Best Information
Processing
Project
Maquarie_Australia Engineering a Bacteriophytochrome switch – creating
a controllable E. coli chameleon, photoreceptor from
Deinococcus radiodurans and Agrobacterium
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
Macquarie_Australia
tumafaciens, this results in E. coli to ‘switch’ from
blue to green reversibly
Synthetic-biological approaches to Osteoarthritis –
with optogenetics, type X collagen gene (Col10a1)
http://2010.igem.org/Team:S
JTU-BioX-Shanghai
Best
Information Processing
Project
The “Wolfman” Coli, cells with different antibiotic
resistance, photoregulation system (Cph1-EnvZ)
http://2010.igem.org/Team:T
okyo_Tech
Cambridge
Mit Genen von Glühwürmchen und
Vibrio fischeri wurden BioBricks
entwickelt, die sehr helles Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen erzeugen Erster BioBrick der in normalen e. coli-Stämmen Licht ohne Zugabe
eines externen Substrats emittiert Kann als Reporter mit beliebigem Promotor verwendet werden. Best Wiki Finalist iGEMers Prize
2009
MIT
Localization and delocalilzation of proteins in the cell triggered by two different wavelengths of light; PCD-production in e coli
Harvard
Light induced communication between E. coli and S.Cerevisae; E coli senses IPTG and sends light; Yeast then expresses the lacZ gene
Wash_U
Size of the light harvesting antenna depending on the exposure to light à better use in bio reactors
Tokyo Nokogen
Construction of E. coli auto protein synthesizer, with light-induced aggregation and self-lysis (coupled to a signal counter) using the
holing-/endolysin-system
TzuChiU Formosa
Construction of a light generating system (GFP) without CO2-emission that switches on in the dark, by use of light-inducible Cph8 and
Aequorin-GFP.
Sheffield
E.Coli reagiert auf verschiedene Wellenlängen und
wechselt die Farbe dementsprechend
EPFLausanne
Ein- und ausschalten von Genen mit
Photorezeptoren
Gold, Best new
biobrick
UCL-London
Lichtemission mit verschiedenen Farben als Sensor
für bakteriellen Stress
2008
Melbourne
Temporal Controller Red-light sensor + riboswitch
2006
Chiba University,
Japan
Bakterien stoppen in ihrer Bewegung bei anschalten von rotem Licht; Ausnutzung der run & tumble Funktion unter Beeinflussung von
Licht
Tageslicht lässt e.coli anschwellen so dass es mit bloßem Auge sichtbar wird
stabiles transientes Signal nach UV Bestrahlung gekoppelt mit bistabilem Netzwerk i.e. lac Regulationssystem, mit Uvsensitivem
Promoter (SOS) --> produziert lac… --> UV geschädigte Zelle produziert GFP
ETH Zürich
XOR & AND gates, je nachdem was aktiviert wird leuchtet nur ein teil oder beide, Aussage ob pattern match oder mismatch
Boston University
viele Biobricks mit Lux genen, lightproducing network using coliroid photosensor device
Calgary
Kopplung der coliroid device mit Zelldichtesensor --> GFP wird expremiert sobald genügend Zellen in rotem Licht zusammen sind
UT Austin
edge detector, an aus schalter lichtabhängig und photofabrication durch lithographie
Bakteria delivering and saving Information/ prozessor (clocks, logig)
2010
Team Berkeley:
Choachoa's Delivery Service
E.coli so modifiziert, dass es von Choanoflagellaten aufgenommen wird, dort dann aus dem
Phagosom ausbricht und gezielt Proteine in das Cytosol des Choanoflagellaten schleust.
Hong_Kong-CUHK
Bio-cryptography: information en/decryption and
storage in E. cryptor, designed microorganisms may
carry a specific DNA barcode
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
UT-Tokyo
E. coli solves sudoku on the basis of a so called 4C3switch, together with a signal-virus
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
UT-Tokyo
Paris Liliane
Bettencourt
Paris Liliane
Bettencourt
two different types of bacterial counters
and timers
cells can cooperate to act as a
timer (based on statistics)
mechanical rotary counter
implemented within cells
Best
Foundational
Advance
logig mRNA Gold Medal
TU Munich
2009
Chiba
Construction of an E. coli timer, by use of an increasing concentration of signal molecules and induce gene expression of
receiver cells.
IBB Pune
Simulation of the SNOWDRIFT-game by use of exported proteins, like β-galactosidase and construction of a bacterial computer,
which acts as a turing machine, by combination of AND gates. Furthermore, new competence genes are introduced into the
library.
NCTU Formosa
Construction of a controllable genetic circuit in E. coli which serves as timer and counter functions, by use of an OR gate and
expressing RFP.
SJTU Shanghai
Construction of an E. coli-based oscillator of prokaryotic bioclock, by use of the toxin/antitoxin-system. The bacteria oscillates
between a dormant and active state
2008
University of Washington
Gene delivery system, E. Coli = transporter
Alberta NINT
Logical circuits with anti sense RNA
Bologna
Bologna
bacterial reprogrammable binary memory (EPROM) “flipflop” mechanism using IPTG as reset und UV for on state
ESBS Strasbourg
Binary counting in yeast (cell cicle), regulatory network over cell generations.
HKUSters
Random number generator
Michigan
circadian Clocking analogon to the mammalian
Minnesota
Comparator/Clock Clock:death after number of divisions
Paris
Bacterial Clock FIFO oscillation system
2006
oszillierendes e.coli mit Kaisystem, iwie Chimären gemacht
Michigan
Plasmene: syntethic network design, connection to database.., Recursive landing pads: Method for inserting Genes and DNA on
e.coli Chromosome, oscillatory behavior of clocks, manipulation of lac operon kinetic order
Enhancement of existing Proteines/Enzymes/Biobricks/Methods & new Kits/ assemblys
2010
Team Baltimore_US
DIY-GEM: a path towards low cost high throughput
gene synthesis
Taq polymerase so modifiziert, dass diese in gängigen Organismen exprimiert und auch ohne
aufwendige Aufreinigungsschritte für PCR verwendet werden kann.
Edinburgh
Entwicklung einer markerlosen Methode
zur Einfügung von BioBricks über
homologe Rekombination.
Entwicklung eines Gerüsts zur Lichtbasierten
Heidelberg
Slovenia
Kommunikation zwischen e.
coli Zellen
Alternative zu gängigen
(markerabhängigen) Methoden
Neue
Kommunikationsmöglichkeit,
einsetzbar in vielen Projekten
Best Model
toolkit for standardized measurements of
interactions between artificial miRNAs
and their binding sites
Production of tissue specific miRNA
gene shuttles (via adeno associated
viruses)
Application of miRNA (miBricks)
in gene therapy. Improvement
compared to DNA concerning
integration of tissue specificity
and fine-tuned target gene
expression
Gold medal
DNA-guided assembly platform
1) Enzymes can be localized directly
behind eachother, speeding up their
respective biosynthetic reaction
2) Enzymes can be arranged in a
different order to perform a different
biosynthetic reaction
significantly increase the speed
, efficiency or direction of a
particular biosynthetic reaction
Best New
Application Area
Best New
BioBrick Part or
Device,
Engineered
Finalist
Grand Prize,
Winner of the
BioBrick Trophy
iGEMers Prize
UNIPVPavia
Chiba
three modular systems were designed to
improve production and purification of
recombinant proteins by cell cultures
- Library of self-inducible
promoters
- Two standard integrative
vectors to insert BioBricks in
user-defined positions of E. coli
or S. cerevisiae genomes
- “in-cell" protein purification
methods:
PolyHydroxyAlkanoate (PHA)
granules and pH-based selfcleaving
peptide (Intein)
Gold medal
Eliminating the False-Input: Genetic Double-Click
System (first click has to be memorized temporarily)
http://2010.igem.org/Team:C
hiba
Kyoto
The Fantastic Lysisbox - controlling cell death in E.
Coli with holin/“anti-holin“
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
Kyoto
Peking
1st Runner Up,
Best Environmental
Project, Finalist
Heavy Metal Decontamination Kit - transcription
factor MerR, a mercury-responsive regulator r and a
lead-responsive regulator PbrR in E. coli
http://2010.igem.org/Team:P
eking
An Integrated Platform Based on Bacterial
Microcompartment for de novo Proteinaceous
Artificial Organelles
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
USTC
USTC
Warsaw
universal platform for protein delivery to
the mammalian cells
E. coli strain expressing
invasion determinants: invasin
from Yersinia pestis and
listeriolysin (LLO) from Listeria
monocytogenes. Invasin causes
uptake of the bacterium into the
mammalian cell by induction of
endocytosis. Bacterial cells are
lysed in the endosome and then
LLO is released. LLO is a poreforming
toxin which causes
endosomal membrane
disruption and release of the
payload (either protein or DNA)
into cytoplasm of the
mammalian cell
Gold Medal
2009
Virgina_
Common-wealth Evaluation of new and old promotors
Berkeley_
Wetlab Evalution of different cell display methods
Washington
Idealized protein purification system
Victoria Australia
Construction of a biological lighting system via cell free transcription and translation, which can be powered by
waste materials (?).
Alberta
Construction of a system for building entire, minimal genomes in a fast and modular way.
Waterloo
Modeling and construction of a platform for chromosome
engineering, allowing in vivo assembly of a synthetic
chromosome and degradation of the native chromosome in
E. coli.
Freiburg
Bioware Universales Restriktionsenzym Finalist, gold
Heidelberg
Promotor-design, Mammalian biobricks-library Gold, 2. Platz,
Bester PoPS,
bester Wiki
2008
UC Berkely
Collection of Clonebots who aid synthesizing and analyzing new parts
Virginia
Contructing a library of transcriptional terminators
Warsaw
Bacterial device for creating and production of interactors for any given bait protein
Waterloo
A plasmid-safe, inducible genome-degradation strain for post-kill gene expression
Hawai
Toolkit for cyanobacteria (switch for downstream gene when nitrate is added, protein export into medium,
shuttle vector)
IIT Madras
Bacterial stresskit via sigma promotors
2006
new strategies and tools for biological circuit design and BioBrick management.
Math/Info/ Theorie
2010
Team Davidson-MissouriW:
Team VT-ENSIMAG_Biosecurity:
Freiburg
Software
METU
Turkey
software
Foundational Advances in Biology and theKnapsack Problem
Das Rucksackproblem: Aus einer Menge von Objekten, die jeweils ein Gewicht und einen
Nutzwert haben, soll eine Teilmenge ausgewählt werden, deren Gesamtgewicht eine
vorgegebene Gewichtsschranke nicht überschreitet. Unter dieser Bedingung soll der Nutzwert
der ausgewählten Objekte maximiert werden. Als Objekte dienen hier TatA-Allele, die
Bakterien eine Resistenz gegen Tetracyclin verleihen.
Design and development of the
GenoTHREAT gene sequence screening software
Screening software, die verhindern soll, dass bei kommerzieller Synthese von DNA,
Sequenzen synthetisiert werden, die toxisch bzw. gefährlich sind.
Software that enables enables research
collaboration by real-time sharing of
parts, design and documentation
Expansion of 2009 project.
New functionalities: BLASTsearches,
ORF-finding,
translation, sequence
alignments and restriction site
mapping
Silver medal
Guide for using the BioParts Registry.
Specialized software for searching the
parts registry to find possible biobricks to
include into a different construct
Helps tofind input output
relations between the parts
provide alternative pathways to
construct the most reliable and
functional Biobrick devices
Silver medal
USTC_Software
ZJU-China
WeimarHeidelberg
Arts
best
software
iGaME: Synthetic Biology for Gamers - experimental
video game which aims at instructing non-biologists to
design and improve biological systems
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
USTC_Software
Bach: software as a gene composer http://2010.igem.org/Team:Z
JU-China
fictional supermarket offering speculative
products which are all based on
Synthetic Biology
improve public awareness
about Synthetic Biology and at
the same time foster a debate
on how we want to see it
manifested in our everyday lives
2009
Berkeley_Software
Eugene, Spectacles, and Kepler: Managing Synthetic Biology Device Development
Illinois-tools
Interactive Metabolic Pathways tools; programme to add metabolic pathways to others
Washington Software
LegoRoboBrick= liquid handling system out of legos
Mo_Western_Davidson
e.coli and NP-complete problems; SAT problems; logic
CBNU Korea
Software, which designs a minimal genome consisting of the essential genes of replication.
USTC Software
Mathematic model and software, which designs perfect plasmids for specific needs, like oscillation behavior
Freiburg Software
SynBiowave: plattform, die zur Kollaboration und
zum Austausch zwischen Wissenschaftlern dient
2008
UC Berkley Tools
Clotho – open source BioCAD software which helps managing,
Analyzing and deploying new biobricks
Calgary ethics
Consideration of ethical concerns
2007
Virginia Tech
Modellierung der Ausbreitungsdynamik von Epedemien.
2006
Mexico
Molekulare Berechnungen/Simulationen von molecular level to n-dimensions and are massively parallel. Also, they are
capable of supporting universal computation, self-repair and self-reproduction.
Biosensors/ Biomarkers
2010
Team Gaston_Day_School:
Construction of a Biological Iron Detector in a
Secondary School Environment
Eisen-sensitiver Promotor mit fluoreszierendem Protein als Signal.
Team IvyTech-South_Bend:
To Swim or Not to Swim?
Sensor für Enterobakterienkonzentration in Schwimmwasser über quorum sensing und LuxR/pLux
system
Team UTDallas:
Enlisting E. Scherichia Holmes: A modular whole-cell
biosensor for the detection of environmental pollutants
E.coli so modifiziert, dass es als Sensor für verschmutztes Wasser (Alkane, Aromaten etc)
dient. Fluoreszenz als Sensor.
Team WITS-South_Africa:
Lactoguard: A commensal whole-cell bionsensor
for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections
Lactobacillus so modifiziert, dass chromogener Reporter induziert wird bei viraler Infektion.
Siganlverstärkung wurde durch ein positives Feedback System erreicht, dass über quorum
sensing auch benachbarte Lactobacilii zum „Leuchten“ veranlasst.
DebrecenHungary
Imperial
College
London
Eukaryotische Lipid Sensoren:
Kit mit einer Auswahl an lipid responsive
domains (aus Eukrayonten)zur
Konstruktion von Synthetischen
Transkriptionsfaktoren. Die Domänen
sprechen nur auf vorher festgelegte
Lipide an und aktivieren so selektiv eine
vorher festgelegte Genexpression.
Definierte Genregulation in
Eukaryonten.
Versch. Anwendungen denkbar
(Bsp: ultra sensitive detection of
lipid contaminants in the
environment).
Gold-Medaille
Biosenor to detect parasites based on
their specific proteases.
System to cause a very fast response
(color) in case of a positive test result.
This allows detection of a range
of different parasites
Best Human
Practices
Advance
Finalist
Best Wiki
iGEMers Prize
METU
Turkey
Uppsala
Sweden
cell sensor which can detect a wide
range of CO concentrations in the
environment
not only detection of carbon
monoxide gas but also
increased dynamic range of the
cell sensor using strong-weak
promoter coupling.
Gold medal
Concentration band detection sensor as
a quantitative sensor, which can work in
combination with any of these chemical
sensors.
Application in a bio-clock
Bronze medal
HKU-HongKong
HKU-HongKong The BioSafetyNet, introduction of a suicide
mechanism, limited survival in certain conditions
(lactose used up → sucicide)
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
HKU-Hong_Kong
Korea_U_Seoul
Simultaneous detection of multiple heavy metal ions
such as arsenic, zinc and cadmium, reproter: aryl
acylamidase, GFP, RFP in E.coli
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
Korea_U_Seoul
Team Virginia_United:
Quorum Sensing Amplifiers and a Codesign Approach
for Information Processing
IIT_Delhi_
1 Dr.coli - to create a device capable of responding to
external stimuli in the form of quantitative protein
production
http://2010.igem.org/Team:II
Tianjin
(Lignin degreadation yeast in S. cerevisiae)
2nd experiment: Yeast pharmacist to discover drugs in
TCM
http://2010.igem.org/Team:T
ianjin
Sheffield
multi-target, water-borne pathogen
detection system
Bronze medal
TU Delft
designing a system that can tolerate,
sense, dissolve & degrade hydrocarbons
(oil) in aqueous environments
biological degradation of
residual oil in oil sands tailing
waters, or treatment of waste
water from the oil industry
Best Presentation
Finalist
2009
Michigan
Bacterial sensor for Toluene; degradation of Toluenes; if no toluene apoptose
UQ Australia
Uptake, reduction and accumulation of mercury in E. coli to remove it from the environment
Cornell
Cadmium sensor in B.subtilis
Gaston_Day_School
Sensor for nitrate in water
KU Seoul
Construction of E. coli which can detect multiple heavy metals in water, coupled to the expression of reporter genes.
British Columbia
Construction of an E. coli toxin biosensor that changes its color (traffic light scheme) according to the toxin’s concentration.
Edinburgh
Biosensor für TNT und Nitrate um Landminen zu
detektieren
Groeningen
Schwermetalldetektion mit folgender Gasbildung Gold
Finalist
UAB-Barcelona
E.coli detektiert Trihalomethane und leuchtet mit
GFP
IPOC1-Columbia
Salzkonzentration-detektor für Wasser
2008
Utah State
Building a detector for the maximum product yield of polyhydroxybuterate
With fluorescent proteins
Bejjing Normal
BCP (polychlorinated biphenyl, environmental pollutant) detection and degradation
Brown
Biosensor for water toxins: changes resistance of bacterial dilution (cell lysis)
Harvard
Microbial fuel cell S. oneidensis produces electrical current after stimulus à biosensor in electrical circuit
METU Turkey
Metal Cleaning metal binding proteins + bacteriorhodopsi
Missouri Miners
Ethanol Sensor
Prairie View
Metal Detection
Purdue
UV Biosensor
2007
Columbia-Israel
Biosensor für Eisen unter UV-Strahlung und Sauerstoff.
Glasgow
Biosensor für übliche organische Schadstoffe aus Zellen, welche selbst Elektrizität produzieren.
MIT
Quecksilber Trinkwasserreinigung. Zweizellsystem: 1) Mer-promotor um Quecksilber zu detektieren und dann via GFP-Expression
dieses anzuzeigen. 2) Cell-Surface-Display eines Quecksilber-Capturing-Proteins. Beide Zelltypen auf Polymer fixiert.
Prairie
Biosensor für div. Toxine und organische Inhaltsstoffe
Saint-Petersburg
Kupferbiosensor für z.B. Wasserproben
2006
Edinburgh
erkennt Arsen ab kritischen Konzentrationen (laut WHO) und emittiert ein pHSignal --> nachweisbar mit pH Meter; Kopplung mit
LacZgene
Valencia
Biosensoren in E.coli für Vanillin, pH Änderungen, Applikationen für coliroid photosensor device
Prairie View
in Micrococcus luteus ein Plasmid geklont, erkennt drei Metalle (Ni, Fe, V) in Kombination (nur in Kombination)
MSU
Detector für H2 und YFP Expression wenn H2 da
Latin America
Interaction of UV Photon-Iron Porphyrins Genes: A Microbial Biosensor.
Immunology/ Medicine
2010
Team NYU:
ImmunoYeast : antibody discovery and production in one simple
system
Hefe wurde so modifiziert, dass die Zellen fähig zum Screening einer Antikörperbibliothek
gegen ein relevantes Antigen waren. Dabei wurden die Antikörper durch Rekombination
erstellt und ins Medium sekretiert.
Team UCSF:
Synthetic Killers - engineering immune cells for cancer therapy
Verbesserung von cytotoxischen T-Zellen durch CARs die verstärkt Liganden auf der
Oberfläche von Krebszellen erkennen und durch logisches „Gating“, dass die die Schwelle
der Singnalintensität für das killen erhöht.
BIOTECDresden
Modulares System zur
Antigenerkennung, Signaverstärkung
und -quantifizierung.
Anwendung zur Erkennung von
Beispielweise Blutkrebs. Durch
modularen Aufbau
verschiedene Antigene /
Antikörper einsetzbar.
Gold-Medaille
EPF
Lausanne
Freiburg
Bioware
St Andrews
Asaia (Bakterium, das in der Natur in
Anopheles vorkommt) zu einem Chassis
zur Bekämpfung von Malaria umbauen.
Zielt darauf ab, von
kommenden iGEM-Teams
weiterentwickelt zu werden.
Bereitstellung von
Informationen und Bricks, um
an Asaia weiterzuarbeiten
iGEMers Prize
functional, modular Virus Construction
Kit for specifically targeting and killing
tumor cells
Possibility to design your own
therapeutic virus
Best Health or
Medicine Project
confer resistance to cholera by taking
advantage of quorum-sensing regulated
pathogenicity
E.Coli will “talk” to the cholerae
and trick the cholerae into
leaving the intestine before any
virulence factors are sufficient
to cause illness to the host
human
Gold Medal
KAIST-Korea
Tsinghua
Stockholm
DiscoverY: universal diagnostic yeast, S.Pombe fusion antibody receptors on the surface come in
contact with antigens → GFP expression as response
to tuberculosis antibodies
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
KAIST-Korea
Novel antigens in E. coli http://2010.igem.org/Team:T
singhua
Stockholm Fusion of cell-penetrating peptides to
proteins that are deficient in skin of
vitiligo patients.
The cell-penetrating peptides will aid in
passing the proteins through the skin
and target the pigment cells to reach
repigmentation
Bronze medal
2009
University of Chicago
Degradation of neurotoxines; example of Paraoxon with S.cerevisae
Purdue
Engineerign microglial cells to sense brain cancer cells and transfer a GFP to the cancer cells therefore labeling them
UC_Davis
Design of a Bacteria which lives in the stomach of persons and produces an enzyme degrading gliadin; gliadin is responsible for people
with celiac disease not being able to eat food with gluten
Brown
Engineering Staphylococcus epidermis to secrete a histamine-binding protein; histamine is secreted while a allergic reaction to pollen
Stanford
T-cels , Th17 und tregg cells; E coli senses the population of the cell species and adjusts the in animals with Inflammatory bowl disease
NTU Singapore
Alternative treatment of Atherosclerosis: Construction of an E. coli system that detects plaque buildup and releases a cholesterol
degrading enzyme, a reporter protein and a vasodilator
NYMU Taipei
Construction of virus catching cells that are not able to support virus replication, have a feedback control and can be removed with
the virus.
Todai Tokyo
Providing projects tackling problems associated with life-style diseases hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, circadian rhythm dysfunction,
and bad smoking habits: bioclock E. coli, tobacco sensing E. coli, food with additional nutrition and LDL-receptor expressing yeast for
application in the blood stream.
Queens
Treatment of atherosclerosis by E. coli binding to the site
of the plaque, secretion of treating factors and detachment
and growth inhibition of the bacteria in the bloodstream.
uOttawa
Reduction of caloric intake of obese people by
transforming part of the food’s glucose into cellulose by
use of Lactobacillus.
METU
Gene Pflaster, das biologisch abbaubar, natürlich, nichtgiftig
ist und den Heilprozess der Haut imitiert
Sup-biotech paris
Double vectorization system für Therapeutica
2008
Bay Area RSI
Rebuild coronary tissue with stem cells
Caltech
multifunctional probiotic bacteria
Guelph
Beta carotene production in probiotic bacteria
Illinois
Medical diagnostic 3 ways to detect cholera toxin
KULeuven
auto drugging disease detection + drugging
MIT
Teeth-cleaning yhogurt
Slovenia
Immunobricks immunobricks binding to the innate immune
2007
UC Berkeley
Blutersatzmittel von e. coli produziert; Schwerpunkt auf Sauerstofftransport ohne eine Sepsis zu induzieren. Zudem Schutz vor
Langzeit einfrieren
Ljubljana
Viraler Therapieansatz gegen HIV mittels T7-RNA-Polymerase-Bausteinen
Harvard
Bakterien binden via Oberflächenproteine an spezielle Substrate. Soll für medizinische Anwendungen wie Tumorerkennung sein.
Kombination aus Binden mittels Oberflächenproteine und Quorum Sensing mit anschließender Gen-Aktivierung
2006
for targeting and destroying tumour cells using engineered E. coli cells.
an information encoding, storage, and retrieval scheme for potential future security and medical diagnostic applications.
Plants
2010
Team Penn_State:
Team Purdue: Development and Characterization of Hypoxic Stress Response
Systems in Mammalian and Plant Models
O2 Sensor für Pflanzen (<5% O2, E.coli dann Agrobacterium) und Säugerzellen (<1% O2)
Team Harvard:
iGarden: an Open Source Toolkit for Plant Engineering
Agrobacterium-vermittelte Transformation von Biobricks in Pflanzen (Art Toolkit). Biobricks
codierten für: Duft, ausknocken von Planzenallergenen und Blütenfarbe
Team Indiana:
Plant Time Machines
Duft der Pflanzen ändert sich im Tagesrhythmus. Dies wird erreicht durch klonieren spezieller Gene
hinter circadian regulierte Promotor.
2009
Indiana
Plant transformation vector; cell penetrating peptide which carrys material into cells
Engineering (in e.coli for/against other organisms)
2010
Art ScienceBangalore
Indirect engineering of C. elegans via biobricks in E.
Coli, dsRNA knockdown
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
CBNU-Korea
Design and Construction of Synthetic Minimal
Chromosomes of V.cholerae in E. coli
http://2010.igem.org/Team:C
BNU-Korea
HKUST
Engineered Lactobacillus against S. aureus infection
interspecies quorum quenching system
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
HKUST
Team UC_Davis:
Engineering a Spatial Oscillatory Network for Spontaneous
Two-Dimensional Pattern Generation in E. Coli
The two main components of this system are two quorum sensing constructs that detect the
products Lux and Las; the Lux being the signal for a cell to turn off, and the Las being the
signal for a cell to turn on.
Team Wisconsin-Madison:
Universal Platform for Polypeptide Delivery:
Intelligent Delivery of Ingestible Enzyme Treatment (iDIET)
Lactobacillus so modifiziert, dass es beta-galactosidase nach Lyse freisetzt. Sobald das
Bakterium also in den Darm gelangt ist, hilft es beim Abbau von Lactose.
Team Yale:
Manufacturing electrical circuits using localized microbial metal
deposition
E.coli so modifiziert, dass es Metall in Lösung reduziert.
HokkaidoU_Japan
Dr. E. coli: World Smallest Protein Injector with Type
lll Secretion Apparatus of pathogenic gram-negative
bacterium made available for E. coli.
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
HokkaidoU_Japan
KIT-Kyoto,
best poster E.coli Pen": Draw with your own color - ink with
genetically modified E.coli by differentially
responding to the gradient of hydrogen peroxide
treatment
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
KIT-Kyoto
NCTU_Formosa
Mosquito Intelligent Terminator, a genetically
engineered, temperature controlled E. coli for killing
wrigglers
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
NYMU-Taipei SpeedyBac:
detection of quantitative expression, fast
report and stop of gene expression, SpeedyReproter:
detection of promotor activity via mRNA aptamers and
protein reporter, SpeedySwitch: fast translation of preexsisting
mRNA, SpeedyDegrader
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
NYMU-Taipei
Continuous Greening Cycle - engineered MOs
decompose plant fibers into nutrients through action of
cellulolytic enzymes and produce water-absorbant
polymers such as poly(gamma-glutamic) acid
http://2010.igem.org/Team
Osaka
RMIT_Australia
A Recombinant Peptide Expression System That
Exploits Taq Polymerase as a carrier Molecule – via a
thermolabile bond allowing the peptide to be cleaved
using just temperature
http://2010.igem.org/Team:R
MIT_Australia
Tokyo_Metropolian Life Design:
Fine Clothing (Cellulose production),
Color Housing (Pattern formation between bacteria)
and Delicious Food (Quality judgement of rice) by
using E. coli
http://2010.igem.org/Team:T
okyo_Metropolitan
Tokyo-NoKo
Gen An EcoTanker for the easy collection and delivery of
target compounds in an E. coli microcompartment,
phototaxis, quorum sensing
http://2010.igem.org/Team:T
okyo-NoKoGen
2009
CityColSanFrancisco
Bacterial battery; two different species oxidzie/ reduce ferrum: integration of a passive glucose transporter
Illinois
Decoder; 2 inputs 4 outputs; use sRNA and transcription factors
Yeshiva NYC
Secretion of proteins into the periplasma: engineer e coli with a weaker cell wallàporeins are secreted in the environment
Missouri_Miners
Tranfser proteins from Geobacter sulfurreducens to E.coli in order to optimize electron transport to the cell surface thus
creating a microbial fuel cell
Utah_State Design
of a multi-host vector; design of biobrick which enhances the secretion of a certain protein in this case bioplastics
HKU-HKBU
Construction of a bacterial rotor system, consisting of a motor (biotin-coated), a direction controller (streptavidin-coated)
and a speed controller (regulated by aTc).
USTC
Deriving and construction of an E. coli Automatic Directed Evolution Machine.
Aberdeen
Bei einem Leck nimmt E.coli das Signal auf,
schwimmt an den Ort und synthetisiert 2 Proteine,
die zusammen einen biologischen Kleber
produzieren, der das Leck repariert (von chem.
induziert)
Valencia
Biomonitor Dritter Platz
2008
UNIPV-Pavia
Signal Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
Imperial college
biofabricator three staged production
Kyoto
power supply e.coli moves objects
Tokyo Tech
Bacterial TouchPad
2007
Calgary
Biomechanischer Drucker: Zweidimensionales Plotten via Anregen mittels eines roten Lasers. Angeregten Bakterien
produzieren Beta Agregase, ein Enzym welches den Agar zersetzt.
Tianjin
Biologische Imitation einer Diode, gesteuert über das molekulare Signal AHL ( = Funktion der Spannung)
Bologna
Genetisch codierte Nachahmung eines Schmitt-Triggers, irgendein elektronisches Bauteil
2006
Freiburg
DNA faltet sich in zweidimensionales rechteckiges Stück, das rollt sich zusammen, mehrere solche setzen sich zu einem
Rohr zusammen --> daraus kann man dann ein Tshirt machen etc.
Duke
for generating electricity using modified magnetotactic bacteria on a microfabricated device.
Pathways , Expressing or Synthesizing sth. (also Biofuels)
2010
LMU Munich
(1) creation of an artificial metabolic
pathway for the synthesis of azobenzene
derivates in E. coli
(2) select cells expressing the target
gene against cells that do not. Here,
TzuChiU_Formosa
proapoptotic genes instead of antibiotic
resistance are used as a selection
marker to induce clean cell-death at
different stimuli.
(1) Required enzymes are
encased in a proteinacious
microcompartment (called
metabolosome)
(2) improve the efficiency and
specificity of gene expression in
eukaryotic cell-lines
Bronze medal
Nutrient synthesizer of ß-carotene, in Lactobacillus http://2010.igem.org/Team:T
zuChiU_Formosa
Team Minnesota:
Metabolic Engineering: In vivo Nanobioreactors
Kompartimente aus anderen Organismen in E.coli exprimiert und Gene für ein bestimmten
Pathway, der normalerweise nur in diesem rekombinanten Kompartiment abläuft,
transformiert. Nachweis über Fluoreszenz
Team Missouri_Miners:
The Electric Microbe: Making A Fuel Cell With E.
coli
Es wurden 4 Gene zum Transport von Elektronen in Geobacter identifiziert und isoliert. Ziel
war es dann, diese Gene auf ein Plasmid zu bringen, in E.coli zu transformieren und somit ein
aerobes, mikrobielles Elektronentransportsystem zu etablieren, dass der Benzingewinnung
später dienen könnte.
IIT_Madras
Monash_Australia
Pro-biotic Sweetener, under the control of a pseudo
AND gate - pro-biotic lactic acid bacteria to produce
Monellin, a heat and pH stable sweetening protein in
Lactobacillus lactis
http://2010.igem.org/Team:II
T_Madras
Design and construction of a biological ethylene
generation device, ethylene from L-methionine by
use of the Yang cycle in E. coli
http://2010.igem.org/Team:
2009
Nevada
Biosynthesis of cinnamaldehyde (toxis for moskitos) in e. coli is normally a plant metabolism; genetically engineering of
duckweed (=plant)
ArtScienceBangalore
Expression of germacradienol/germacrene D synthase in E. coli in order to synthesize geosmin, the odour of moist soil.
Wisconsin-Madison
Glycine betain production in E.coli à osmotolerance; with the aim of engineering bacteria for using sea water for biosynthetic
fuel production
Tianjin
Construction of a cyanobacteria converter, which enables it to produce ethanol during photosynthesis out of CO2. Second
Project: a detector mycrocystins in water, by use of Yeast Gal4 system (yeast two-hybrid).
ArtScienceBangalore
Geosomin ( Molekül, das nach Erde riecht) in E.coli
mithilfe von germacradienol/germacrene D synthase
aus Cyanobakterien
UNIPV-Pavia
Bakterien setzen Lactose in Ethanol um
(Milchprodukt-waste wird damit verarbeitet)
Gold,
best food or
energy project
Uppsala
Produktion von Ethanol und Butanol mit Hilfe von
cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp PCC6803
2008
University of Chicago
Expression von Muschelproteinen
Valencia
Regulating temperature via UCP-1 expression
Wisconsin
Production of biofuel precursors in an effort to find alternative fuel sources
2007
Alberta
E. coli soweit zu modifizieren, dass deren Butanoltoleranz erhöht wird und sich diese als Butanolproduzenten eignen.
Virginia
Butanolproduktion in e.coli
2006
gut riechende e.coli durch Aromatsynthese bei Tag und Carotinproduktion bei Nacht --> Lichtabhängig
Türkei /EGE
wollten wohl was mit hydrogenproduktion in extremophilen Bakterien optimieren
MIT
e.coli produziert verschiedene Duftstoffe je nach Wachstumsphase
Gene control/activation/suppression/switches……
2010
Aberdeen
Scotland
Schalter, der in Hefe auf translationaler Ebene die Gen-Expression kontrolliert. Umschalten zwischen GFP- und CFPExpression je
nach Umweltbedingungen.
Kontrolle auf translationaler Ebene (nicht transkriptionaler).
Verwendung von Hefe (nicht e.coli)
SilberMedaille
DTUDenmark
Genetischer bistabiler Schalter der bei
zwei verschiedenen Inputs zwei
verschiedene Outputs generiert, die sich
gegenseitig ausschließen.
Schalter, der den Übergang
zwischen zwei stabilen
Zuständen ermöglicht, wobei
die jeweiligen Zustände nicht
andauernd neu induziert
werden müssen
Gold-Medaille
Team Duke:
Team Duke: Engineering a Robust Genetic Switch
Zelle wurde zu genetischem Transistor gemacht, der unter Verwendung von Leucin-Zippern als
Schalter ohne Rauschen arbeiten kann.
Team UIUC-Illinois:
sRNAs in Artifical Gene Circuits and Bioremediation
Applications
Endogene and artifizielle sRNA zur Regulation erstellt. Funktion beispielhaft an einem
mikrobiellen Metalldetektor dargestellt.
UCL London
Creation of cells capable of self induction
(without addition of reagents)
Improvement of production
techniques possible.
Self induction possible by
making cells sensitive to
hypoxia via positive feedback
loop
Gold Medal
2009
IIT Madras
Construction of a genetic lock, using several plasmids, which suppress expression of a gene of interest. The lock can be lifted by
targeted plasmid loss.
Kyoto
Construction of a gene switch for expression, which is dependent on the number of cell divisions after the transformation, by use
of linear DNA. Second project: construction of an endosymbiotic cell in a cell, like a mitochondria.
IIT Bombay India
Analysis of change of protein expression due to presence of multiple feedback loops in E. coli by experiments and simulation.
Calgary
Construction of Vibrio harveyi AI-2 signalling system in E. coli, regulating luciferase expression and biofilm formation, dependent
on the cell density (quorum sensing). Mathematic modeling of the behavior of the signaling system.
Biotec-Dresden
Proteinsynthese wird durch Mikrofluide kontrolliert
IPN-UNAM-Mexiko
Aktivator/Inhibitor-System zur Analyse von self-emerging patterns
2008
UCSF
Silencing blocks of genes during cell development and thus changing
Genes of daughter cells
BrownTwo
Limtation of yeast gene expression
Chiba
timing of gene expression using quorum sensing
2006
Ljubljana
Inhibierung der Signalkaskade des Tolllikerezeptors --> keine Sepsis, künstliche Immunantwort durch feedback loops mit PAMPS
Tokio Alliance
Regulatorgene auf Plasmiden? Über Logik mit AND und AND AND Gates und keine Ahnung
Chemotaxis
2010
UPO Sevilla
BielefeldGermany
Use chemotaxis for directing a relatively
small population of bacteria to interact efficiently with a non-diffusible target
exposed on a biotic or abiotic surface.
Bronze medal
Modulierung eines an der Chemotaxis
beteiligten Rezeptors aus Agrobacterium
tumefaciens zur Detektion von Capsaicin Schärfestoff in Chili und Pfeffer).
Anzeige über Lichtemission. Anzeige der Schärfe von
Essen. Theoretisch auch anwendbar
für weitere Substanzen ( z. B. Dopamin, Adrenalin oder nahe
Derivate)
GoldMedaille
2009
UCSF
Chemotaxis of cells; change of speed and direction; transport of substances attached to the cell
2008
Heidelberg
E. Coli chemotaxis towards biofilms (autoinducer stimulus) and activation of bacteriocidal mechanism. “Killer E.
Coli”
Tsinghua
Chemotaxis system reconstruction
2007
2006
NCBS Bangalore
Koordinatenabhängige Migration durch Aspartat und Seringradient (orthogonal zueinander)
UCSF
Che und Tar Oberflächenproteine als Reaktion auf Aspartat --> Bakterium wird durch Gradienten zb durch
Labyrinth gesteuert
Rice
detection and movement toward s stimulus (zb aus B.Subtilis) leads to expression of protein/killing response
etc
Other (also quorum Sensing)
2010
Groningen
INSA Lyon
Newcastle
SDU
Denmark
Development of a self assembling
hydrophobic biofilm as coating for
surfaces
Keep surfaces clean and dry
Cheap, non-toxic alternative to
commonly used chemical
surface coatings
Gold medal
Control production of PHA granules,
which have two main applications:
(1) storage system for overproduced
lipids with medical applications
(2) self-cleaving micro-beads to purify a
recombinant protein of interest
strong promoter sensitive to the
shaking speed and the
temperature of the water bath
Silver Medal
Repair of microcracks in concrete using
b. subtilis using and inducing cell motility,
filamentous growth and quorum sensing
Reparation of damages
concrete structures with
CaCO3, filamentous cells and
Levansucrose
Gold medal
biological system in E. coli that can
induce flow and increase mixing in a fluid
a photosensor, that controls the
tumbling frequency of E. coli’s;
a hyperflagellation part, to
increase the number of flagella
and the power of the system
Safety
Commendation
ULB
Brussels
Hydrogen production with e. coli from
organic compounds found in wastewater
via the mixed acid fermentation pathway
Bronze medal
Valencia
yeast resistant to temperature changes
and able to produce a dark pigment.
Increase temperature on Mars
Switch based on prion proteins
Gold Medal
BCCS
Bristol
Nährstoff-Sensor auf Basis von e. coli
Expression von RFP bei geringem
Nährstoffgehalt im Boden, Expression
von GFP bei hohem Nährstoffgehalt im
Boden.
Einsparung von Düngemitteln in
der Landwirtschaft _ Sowohl
ökologische als auch
ökonomische Vorteile
2nd Runner Up
Best Food or
Energy Project
Finalist
2009
Virginia
E.coli takes arsenic and binds it; via Knockout of arsenic ion transporter; spezial proteins which bind arsen
Minnesota
Work with a well known AND gate aus tet lac and lamda phages promotors; aim: isolation of partsà better understanding
Duke
Circular Polymerase Extensions cloning; efficient way to produce bioplastics
HKUST
Construction of a yeast strain that can detect (odor sensing), attract (production of chemical attractant) and eliminate (production of
killing toxin) pests.
Osaka
Creation of a new form of germ paintings (pictures on agar with different colored E. coli) by integrating cell-to-cell communication
with motility and color
PKU Beijing
Construction of a conditioning reflex in E. coli, by use of a bistable switch, which links two environmental signals and leads to
expression of a reporter.
Tokyo Tech
Terraforming of Mars with bacteria, where E. coli is used in four categories: blackened E. coli, Iron-Oxidizing Baceria, Microbial
Consortium and Anti-Freezing Protein.
Tsinghua
Construction of a targeted gene therapy vector, which is cell-specific, has a huge capacity and the potential for mass production
Lethbridge
Construction of the lumazine compartment in E. coli and
localization of fluorescent proteins into it.
McGill
Mathematical and experimental construction of an
oscillating fluorescent E. coli reporter system, which is
activated by a substrate, by use of two different strains
regulating each other by transcription factors.
Toronto
MaRS
Discovery
Construction of micro-compartments in E. coli by use of
encapsulin and targeting with eCFP.
VictoriaBC
Analysis of thermo-sensitive mRNA (ribothermometer),
coupled to fluorescent protein expression, and construction
of a reporter system for two concurrent signals
Cambridge
E.Chromi (verschieden Farbproteine werden je nach
Konzentration des Inputs produziert)
Grand Prize
KULeuven
E.coli, das Vanillearoma produziert und
Konzentration konstant hält
TUDelft
Konjugation von Plasmiden (Weitergabe einer Gold
Eigenschaft) und folgende Selbstzerstörung des
Plasmids → die Eigenschaft wird nur in eine
Richtung weitergegeben
best information
process team
Mikroorganismus, das Redox-sensitiv ist
DTUDenmark
Slovenien
Nanobricks – dna-origami mit Polipeptiden
BCCS-Bristol
Transport von Proteinen mit Hilfe von OMV (Outer
membrane vesicles) durch Simulation von OMV Kommunikation
Newcastle
B.subtilis nimmt Cadmium auf und bildet eine
Sporeà Aus der Umwelt geschaffen
Southampton
Schere-Stein-Papier bei Zellen mit Genexpression
und Cuorum sensing
Paris
Interzelluläre Kommunikation auf Vesikeln
basierend
IOPC2-Columbia
Biologisch abbaubare Pesticide.
LCG-UNAM-Mexiko
Sehr schneller Zelltod wird ausgelöst, wenn Bakterien von Phagen angegriffen werden
UNICAMP-Brazil
E.coli und Hefe erkennen Verunreinigung und vernichten diese
2008
TU Delft
E. Coli sensing temperature with color output
University of Alberta
detectc and degrades Bisphenol A by an ER alpha/TetR-NOT gate
University of
Letheridge
Seeking and degrading toxic waste if oil refineries. E. Coli finds higher
Concentrations by sending out cheZ.
University of Sheffield
construction of a fusion receptor with a sensing unit of a foreign organism
And a transmitting unit of the own organism.
USTC
Building a self-organising cell-system via quorum-sensing
BCCS Bristol
move big particlse using “cluster E.Coli”
Calgary Wetwar
quorum sensing system and bactericin release
Cambridge
Artificial nervous system with self-organizing electrical patternskünstliche
CPU-Nanjing
unnatural amino acids
Davidson-Missouri
Western
Hash function in bacterien, XOR Gates
Duke
production of an eco-friendly bioplastic and degradation of petroleum-based plastics
Edinburgh
conversion of cellulose into starch and beta-carotene
EPF-Lausanne
Genetic Network Generating Spatial Patterns through Cell-Cell Communication (2 quorum sensing input signals) and controlled
information Processing
ETH-Zurich
Random cutting/ligating and selection for minimal genome
Freiburg
Artificial, modular transmembrane receptor system
Groningen
Conway's Game of Life in Real Life via quorum sensing
iHKU
self-organized spatial distribution of cells
Johns Hopkins
Yeast sex detector with flourescence
LCG-UNAM-Mexico
nickel efflux change conductivity → sing
Lethbridge CCS
Ligase-Independant Cloning circularize plasmid vectors
Mexico UNAM-IPN
detect horizontal gene transfer
Mississippi State
Ligning decomposition
Newcastle University
simulate artificial nural network evolutionary algorithm → in vivo detection
NTU-Singapore
inhibition of enterohemmorrhagic EC
Peking University
Direct evolution of proteins
PennState
Diaucie Elimination
Princeton
Neuronal circuits
Rice University
Resveratrol source
Tianjin
prisoners dilemma for bacteria + genetiv self-assembly system
2007
Michigan
Überwachungssystem von unterschiedlichen Produktkonzentrationen. Anzeige über GFP und RFP, je nach Konzentration Expression je
eines der beiden Proteine.
PennState
Entfernung der Diauxie vor dem Wechsel von Glucose auf Xylose
Rice
Screenen von Resistenzen via Antibiotika
e. coli soll andere Bakterien via Quorumtaxis erkennen können
Turkey
Konzentrationsabhängige Produktion von Fluoreszierenden Proteinen auf Agarplatten
Zwei Zellen werden auf Agarplatten mit "leeren Zellen" gegeben und untersucht, welche der beiden sich durchsetzt. Signalisiert wird
die Geschichte via GFP, was normalerweise abgeschaltet ist
Oberflächenabhängier Transport von Metall-Ionen mittels Bakterien
Bangalore
Systembiologische Untersuchungen: Kenntnisse von molekularen Untereinheiten werden auf ein großes Modell übertragen um
Aussagen zu einem komplexen Organismus treffen zu können. Experimente mit IPTG-induzierbares lac-System, aTc-induzierbares tetSysten und das lux quorum-sensing System
Caltec
Erzeugung von spezifischen Viren, welche spezielle RNA oder Proteinexpressions-Muster erkennen können
CHSL
Konditionierung von Fruchtfliegen, mittels negativer und positiver Umweltstimuli
McGill
On/Off-System gekoppelt mit Quorum-sensing
Naples
Synthetisches biologisches Netzwerk welches die Qualität von Olivenöl beurteilen soll
Tokyo
Bakterien welche Paretos Prinzipien (vgl. Ameisen) gehorchen. Umwandlung von Arbeits und Fortplanzungszellen ineinander von
einem undifferenzierten Ausgangszustand aus
UCSF
Synthetische Proteinscaffolds werden verwendet um den Informationsfluss des Kinasesignalwegs zu kontrollieren
Konstruktion eines synthetischen Organells.
2006
synthetic gene network to synchronize cell cycle, Hauptoscilltor ist cell cycle phasen abhängiger promoter- Pcya, Über quorum
sensing
Imperial College,
London
mimic lotka volterra predator prey interactions in molecular system, Kopplung an Lux System
Cambridge
Bakterienpopulationen mit zwei verschiedenen Quorumsensingsystemen, biswitched, Bakterien treffen sich und kämpfen, Verlierer
ändert Farbe und wechselt sozusagen zum Gegner
Harvard
ebenfalls Kai oscilationssystem aus Cyanobakterien in e.coli
Zelle und Substrat sollen sich leichter finden, zb Streptavidin an Zelloberfläche expremieren --> biotinylierte Moleküle können hin
Molekulare Container, die öffnen und schließen durch Stimuli zb für Drug delivery etc
mcGill
split YFP,Luciferase GFP, Elowitz Repressilator mit quorum sensing gekoppelt
Toronto
rotes oder grünes protein je nach Temperatur, T-sensitives LacI Protein, Dimerisierung/Tetramerisierung je nach Temperatur
Purdue
Fluoreszierendes Fotopapier, Promoter draufdrucken, e.coli expremieren GFP/RFP
Missouri
Hin/Hix invertase system in E.coli --> Flipping DNA (Pancake problem lösen)
Oklahoma
Jede Zelle repräsentiert einen Knotenpunkt, eine Zelle wird angeregt, sendet Signal weiter--> Signal breitet sich aus, Sichtbarmachung
durch versch. Farben
Berkeley
Bakterien senden Nachricht über Plasmit Konjugation, nur Bakterien die die richtigen RNA Übersetzungsschlüssel haben können
Nachricht lesen
Arizona
System expremiert drei versch. Farben - induktionsabhängig, an und abschaltbare Farben --> Bild
Penn State
relay race
Davidson
Solving the Burnt-Pancake Problem with an E. coli Computer
Princeton
PROGRAMMED DIFFERENTIATION OF MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS USING ARTIFICIAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS
Brown
bacteria move in fluid, stop moving and change color when near the "IT"cell, other bacteria swimming near the frozen ones
reconstitute their motility