Essential Grammar in Use Essential Grammar in Use

Essential
Essential
Grammar
Grammar
in
in Use
Use
Nachschlage- und Übungsgrammatik
für Englischlernende mit Grundkenntnissen
Raymond
Raymond Murphy
Murphy
und
und Almut
A.mut Köster
Köster
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521645607
© Cambridge University Press 2001
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2001
3rd printing 2005
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN-13 978-0-521-64560-7 paperback
ISBN-10 0-521-64560-3 paperback
ii
Inhalt
an die Lernenden
an die Unterrichtenden
Danke
Unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
am/is/are
am/is/are (Frageform)
I’m hungry / I’m afraid usw.
I am doing (present continuous)
Are you doing? (present continuous: Fragen)
I do/work/like usw. (present simple: bejahte Form)
I don’t . . . (present simple: Verneinung)
Do you . . . ? (present simple: Frageform)
I am doing und I do (present continuous und present simple)
I have . . . / I’ve got . . .
11
12
13
14
15
was/were
worked/got/went usw. (past simple)
I didn’t . . . Did you . . . ? (past simple: Verneinung und Frageform)
I was doing (past continuous)
I was doing (past continuous) und I did (past simple)
16
17
18
19
20
21
I have done (present perfect 1)
I’ve just . . . I’ve already . . . I haven’t . . . yet (present perfect 2)
Have you ever . . . ? (present perfect 3)
How long have you . . . ? (present perfect 4)
for since ago
I have done (present perfect) und I did (past simple)
22 is done was done (Passiv 1)
23 is being done has been done (Passiv 2)
24 be/have/do (Gegenwarts- und Vergangenheitsformen)
25 Regelmäßige und unregelmäßige Verben
26 I used to . . .
27
28
29
30
What are you doing tomorrow?
I’m going to . . .
will/shall (1)
will/shall (2)
31
32
33
34
35
36
might
can und could
must mustn’t needn’t
should
I have to . . .
Would you like . . . ? I’d like . . .
37 there is there are
38 there was/were there has/have been
39 It . . .
there will be
40 I am I don’t usw.
41 Have you? Are you? Don’t you? usw.
42 too/either so am I / neither do I usw.
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
isn’t haven’t don’t usw. (Verneinung)
is it . . . ? have you . . . ? do they . . . ? usw. (Fragen 1)
Who saw you? Who did you see? (Fragen 2)
Who is she talking to? What is it like? (Fragen 3)
What . . . ? Which . . . ? How . . . ?
How long does it take . . . ?
Do you know where . . . ? I don’t know what . . . usw.
50 She said that . . .
He told me that . . .
(die indirekte Rede)
51
52
53
54
work/working go/going do/doing
to . . . (I want to do) und -ing (I enjoy doing)
I want you to . . . I told you to . . .
I went to the shop to . . .
55
56
57
58
go to . . . go on . . .
get
do und make
have
59
60
61
62
63
64
I/me he/him they/them usw. (Personalpronomen)
my/his/their usw.
Whose is this? It’s mine/yours/hers usw.
I/me/my/mine
myself/yourself/themselves usw. (reflexive Personalpronomen)
-’s (Ann’s camera / my brother’s car) usw.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
a/an
flower(s) bus(es) (Singular und Plural)
a car / some money (zählbar / nicht zählbar 1)
a car / some money (zählbar / nicht zählbar 2)
the
go to work / go home / go to the cinema
I like music I hate exams
the (geographische Bezeichnungen)
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
this/that/these/those
one/ones
some und any
not + any no none
not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no-one/nothing
somebody/anything/nowhere usw.
every und all
all most some any no/none
both either neither
a lot much many
(a) little (a) few
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
old/nice/interesting usw. (Adjektive)
quickly/badly/suddenly usw. (Adverbien)
old/older expensive / more expensive
older than . . . more expensive than . . .
not as . . . as
the oldest the most expensive
enough
too
92
93
94
95
He speaks English very well. (Satzbau 1)
always/usually/often usw. (Satzbau 2)
still yet already
Give me that book! Give it to me!
go for . . .
go -ing
96 at 8 o’clock on Monday in April
97 from . . . to until since for
98 before after during while
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
iv
in at on (räumliche Präpositionen 1)
in at on (räumliche Präpositionen 2)
to in at (räumliche Präpositionen 3)
under behind opposite usw. (Präpositionen)
up over through usw. (Präpositionen)
on at by with/without about (Präpositionen)
afraid of . . . good at . . . usw. good at -ing usw. (Präposition + -ing)
listen to . . . look at . . . usw. (Verb + Präposition)
107 go in fall off run away usw. (phrasal verbs 1)
108 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
109
110
111
112
113
114
and but or so because
When . . .
If we go . . . If you see . . . usw.
If I had . . . If we went . . . usw.
a person who . . . a thing that/which . . . (Relativsätze 1)
the people we met the hotel you stayed at (Relativsätze 2)
Anhang
Anhang 1
Anhang 2
Anhang 3
Anhang 4
Anhang 5
Anhang 6
Anhang 7
Aktiv und Passiv 231
Liste der unregelmäßigen Verben 232
Unregelmäßige Verben nach Gruppen 233
Kurzformen (he’s / I’d / I don’t usw.) 234
Rechtschreibung 236
Phrasal verbs (look out / take off usw.) 238
Phrasal verbs + Objekt (fill in a form / put out a fire usw.)
Zusätzliche Übungen
240
Schlüssel zu den Übungen
257
Schlüssel zu den zusätzlichen Übungen
Index
288
286
239
UNIT
1
am/is/are
A
I’m 22.
My name is Lisa.
I’m not married.
I’m American. I’m from Chicago.
My favourite colour is blue.
I’m a student.
My favourite sports are
football and swimming.
My father is a doctor and
my mother is a journalist.
B
bejahte Form
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
}
}
Verneinung
am (I’m)
I
is
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
he
she
it
are
(we’re)
(you’re)
(they’re)
we
you
they
am not (I’m not)
}
}
(he’s not
not (she’s not
(it’s not
is
(we’re not
are not (you’re not
(they’re not
oder
oder
oder
he isn’t)
she isn’t)
it isn’t)
oder
oder
oder
we aren’t)
you aren’t)
they aren’t)
●
●
●
●
●
●
I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
Ich bin 32 Jahre alt. Meine Schwester ist . . .
John is in bed. He’s ill.
John ist im Bett. Er ist krank.
My car is very old.
Mein Auto ist sehr alt.
You’re very busy today.
Sie sind heute sehr beschäftigt.
Ann and I are good friends.
. . . sind gut befreundet.
The keys are on the table.
Die Schlüssel sind auf dem Tisch.
●
●
I’m not very fit.
Ich bin nicht sehr fit.
Jane isn’t at home at the moment. She’s at work.
You’re very
busy today.
Jane ist zur Zeit nicht zu Hause. Sie ist bei der Arbeit.
●
Those people aren’t English. They’re Australian.
Die Leute dort sind keine Engländer. Sie sind . . .
●
It’s sunny today but it isn’t warm.
Es ist heute sonnig, aber es ist nicht warm.
Beachten Sie, dass man a/an für Berufe und Tätigkeiten verwendet:
●
●
C
I’m a student.
Ich bin Student.
My brother is an electrician.
Mein Bruder ist Elektriker.
that’s = that is
there’s = there is
here’s = here is
● Thank you. That’s very kind of you.
Das ist sehr nett von Ihnen.
● Look! There’s Chris.
Guck mal! Dort ist Chris.
● ‘Here’s your key.’
‘Thank you.’
Hier ist Ihr Schlüssel . . .
Here’s your
key.
Beachten Sie, dass am/is/are in manchen Fällen nicht mit ‘sein’ ins Deutsche
übersetzt werden (⇒ Unit 3).
2
am/is/are (Fragen) ⇒
a/an ⇒ UNIT 65
UNIT
2
I’m hungry / I’m afraid usw. ⇒
UNIT
3
Thank you.
there is/are ⇒
UNIT
37
it ⇒
UNIT
39
UNIT
1
ÜBUNGEN
1.1
Schreiben Sie die Kurzformen (she’s/we
she’s
1 she is ................
2 they are ..................................
1.2
Vervollständigen Sie die Sätze mit am,
1
2
3
4
1.3
is oder are
5 I am not ..................................
6 you are not ..................................
.
is nice today.
The weather .......
I ...................... not tired.
This bag ...................... heavy.
These bags ...................... heavy.
5
6
7
8
Look! There ...................... Carol.
My brother and I ...................... good tennis players.
Ann ...................... at home. Her children ...................... at school.
I ...................... a taxi driver. My sister ...................... a nurse.
Your shoes are very dirty.
(your shoes very dirty) .................................................................
(my mother a teacher) My .............................................................................................................................................................................................
(this cup not clean) ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
(these houses not very old) ............................................................................................................................................................................................
(my keys in my bag) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................
(Jenny 18 years old) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
(you not very tall) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Sehen Sie sich Lisas Aussagen an (⇒ Unit 1A). Schreiben Sie jetzt Sätze über sich selbst.
1
2
3
4
5
1.5
3 it is not ..................................
4 that is ..................................
Schreiben Sie vollständige Sätze. Verwenden Sie: is/isn’t/are/aren’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.4
aren’t usw.).
(name?) My ..............................................................................
(from?) I ......................................................................................
(age?) I .........................................................................................
(married?) I ..............................................................................
(job?) I .........................................................................................
Schreiben Sie Sätze passend zu den Bildern. Verwenden Sie:
1
3
2
6 (father or mother’s job?) ....................................................................
My ...................................................................................................................
7 (favourite colour or colours?)
My ...................................................................................................................
angry
happy
4
noisy
strong
5
tall
tired
6
2 METRES
1 METRE
She’s happy.
1 ...............................
2 He .........................................................
1.6
Schreiben Sie wahre Aussagen. Verwenden Sie:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.7
3 They ......................................................
4 ..................................................................
5
6
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
am / am not / is / isn’t / are / aren’t.
I’m a student (oder I’m not a student.)
(I / a student) ..................................................................................................
(I / tired) I .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(it / very late) It ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(my hands / cold) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(Canada / a very big country) ....................................................................................................................................................................................
(It / warm today) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(diamonds / cheap) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
(I / a good swimmer) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
(Brussels / in France) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Übersetzen Sie ins Englische:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Claire ist Französin. Sie ist aus Paris.
Mike ist sehr stark. (stark = strong)
Deine Freunde sind nett. (nett = nice)
Es ist elf Uhr. Es ist spät.
Wir sind nicht verheiratet.
Die Kinder sind heute müde.
Ich bin Lehrer.
Tom ist nicht zu Hause.
Die Straße ist sehr laut. (laut = noisy)
Das Wetter ist heute nicht schön, aber es ist nicht kalt. (schön = nice)
3