fiche de donnees de securite oxyde de zinc

Transcription

Page : 1
FICHE DE DONNEES DE
SECURITE
Edition révisée n° : 4
Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
Remplace la fiche : 10 / 9 / 2009
OXYDE DE ZINC
ï̀
ñ
î
1
0
--
0
Santé : 1
SIL-001
PRUDENCE : peut être irritant.
Inflammabilité : 0
Non combustible.
Réactivité : 0
Stable : non-réactif lorsque mélangé avec l'eau.
Notification spéciale : --
---
Producteur
SILOX S.A.
Rue Joseph Wauters, 144
B-4480 Engis Belgique-Belgie
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
Synonymes
Oxyde de zinc SILOX 2 C / 3 C / HR 10
Oxyde de zinc SILOX ACTIF
Oxyde de zinc SILOX HR 30
Oxyde de zinc SILOX ACTIF FREE FLOWING
Oxyde de zinc SILOX HR 20
Oxyde de zinc SILOX G 50
SECTION 1. Identification de la substance/du mélange et de la société/l’entreprise
1.1. Identificateur de produit
Nom chimique
Nom commercial
Formule chimique
Type de produit
Numéro EC
Numéro d'enregistrement Reach
Numéro CAS
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Zinc oxide
OXYDE DE ZINC
ZnO
Oxyde de zinc.
215-222-5
01-2119463881-32-0009
1314-13-2
1.2. Utilisations identifiées pertinentes de la substance ou du mélange et utilisations déconseillées
Usage
: Produit utilisé tel quel, en formulation ou en formulation de produits pour :
Agent colorant et Pigment , Nourriture pour bétail et Additif alimentaire , Fioul et
Additif pour fioul , Intermédiaire , Substance de laboratoire , Lubrifiant et Additif
pour lubrifiant , Agent de métallisation et Traitement de surface du métal ,
Régulateur de processus ( Pas utilisé pour ou Utilisé pour : Polymérisation ,
Vulcanisation ), batteries , Inhibiteur de corrosion et Détartrant , Fertilisant ,
Industrie pharmaceutique , Produits photo-chimiques , Semi-conducteurs ,
Adjuvants de fabrication
1.3. Renseignements concernant le fournisseur de la fiche de données de sécurité
: Voir producteur.
Identification de la société
Courriel de la personne compétente : [email protected]
responsable de la Fiche de Sécurité
1.4. Numéro d’appel d’urgence (24/24 - 7/7)
N° de téléphone en cas d'urgence
: SILOX PRAYON S.A. : Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
En cas d'urgence (centre belge antipoison) : +32 (0)70 245 245
Autres pays : voir section 16 ou
http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/centre/directory/euro/en/
SILOX S.A.
Rue Joseph Wauters, 144 B-4480 Engis Belgique-Belgie
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
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FICHE DE DONNEES DE
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 2. Identification des dangers
2.1. Classification de la substance ou du mélange
2.1.1 Classification (EC) N° 1272/
2008 (CLP/GHS)
2.1.2 Classification 67/548/CEE (
DPD)
2.1.3 Note
: Danger pour le milieu aquatique - Danger aigu - Catégorie 1 - Attention (CLP :
Aquatic Acute 1)
Danger pour le milieu aquatique - Danger chronique - Catégorie 1 - Attention (
CLP : Aquatic Chronic 1)
: N; R50-53
: Voir point 16 pour les phrases de risques (R-H-EUH).
2.2. Éléments d’étiquetage
Règlement d'Etiquetage CE 1272/
2008 (CLP)
• Pictogramme(s) de danger
• Mention d’avertissement
Identification des dangers (CLP)
• Conseils de prudence
- Prévention
- Intervention
- Considérations relatives à
l'élimination
Å
M
: Attention
H410 : Très toxique pour les organismes aquatiques, entraîne des effets
néfastes à long terme.
: P273 : Éviter le rejet dans l’environnement.
: P391 : Recueillir le produit répandu.
: P501 : Eliminer ce produit et son récipient dans un centre de collecte des déchets
dangereux ou spéciaux, conformément à la réglementation locale, régionale,
nationale et/ou internationale.
2.3. Autres dangers
Pas PBT ou vPvB selon le règlement (EC) No 1907/2006, Annexe XIII.
SECTION 3. Composition/informations sur les composants
Nom de la substance
Oxyde de zinc
:
Contenance
> 94 %
No CAS
1314-13-2
No CE
215-222-5
Annexe CE
030-013-00-7
Classification
-----
N; R50-53
---------------------------------Aquatic Acute 1 (H400)
Aquatic Chronic 1 (H410)
SECTION 4. Premiers secours
4.1. Description des premiers
secours
- Inhalation
- Contact avec la peau
- Contact avec les yeux
- Ingestion
: Amener la victime à l'air libre.
En cas de troubles, appeler un médecin ou demander une aide médicale
d'urgence.
: Laver la peau avec de l'eau savonneuse.
Enlever vêtements et chaussures contaminés.
Lavez les vêtements avant réutilisation.
: Rincer immédiatement à l'eau claire durant 15 minutes.
d'urgence.
: Rincer immédiatement la bouche avec un peu d'eau.
Ne pas faire vomir.
d'urgence.
SILOX S.A.
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
Page : 3
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 4. Premiers secours (suite)
4.2. Principaux symptômes et effets,
aigus et différés
: Des symptômes type fièvre des fondeurs peuvent apparaître en cas d'inhalation
- Effets et symptômes
importante.
4.3. Indication des éventuels soins : Administrer du charbon actif.
médicaux immédiats et traitements
particuliers nécessaires
SECTION 5. Mesures de lutte contre l’incendie
5.1. Moyens d'extinction
: Non combustible. Utiliser un moyen d'extinction se trouvant à proximité.
- Agents d'extinction appropriés
- Agents d'extinction non appropriés : Aucun.
5.2. Dangers particuliers résultant de la substance ou du mélange
- Produits de décomposition et de
combustion dangereux
: Aucun.
5.3. Conseils aux pompiers
- Protection des intervenants
- Protection contre l'incendie
: Utiliser un appareil respiratoire (appareil respiratoire autonome avec protection
faciale totale).
Porter un vêtement de protection approprié.
: Endiguer les eaux d'extinction d'incendie pour un traitement ultérieur.
SECTION 6. Mesures à prendre en cas de dispersion accidentelle
6.1. Précautions individuelles, équipement de protection et procédures d’urgence
- Précautions individuelles
: Eviter la production de poussières.
EPI : voir point 8.2.2
6.2. Précautions pour l'environnement
- Précautions pour l'environnement
: Empêcher la dispersion.
Eviter la contamination du sol.
Eviter la pénétration dans les égouts, les eaux de surface et les eaux souterraines.
Ne pas laisser partir les résidus par les égouts.
6.3. Méthodes et matériel de confinement et de nettoyage
- Mesures après fuite / épandage
: Ramasser avec des outils mécaniques.
Ramasser le produit déversé et le mettre dans un récipient approprié.
Il est fortement recommandé de réutiliser/recycler les déchets.
6.4. Référence à d’autres sections
Voir point 8 et 13 pour plus d' information.
SECTION 7. Manipulation et stockage
7.1. Précautions à prendre pour une manipulation sans danger
7.1.1 Mesures de protection
- Manipulation
: Assurer une extraction ou une ventilation générale du local.
Eviter toute exposition inutile.
Eviter la production de poussières.
SILOX S.A.
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
Page : 4
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 7. Manipulation et stockage (suite)
7.1.2 Conseil sur l'hygiène du travail
Ne pas manger, ne pas boire et ne pas fumer pendant l'utilisation.
Se laver les mains et toute autre zone exposée avec un savon doux et de l'eau, avant de manger, de boire, de fumer, et
avant de quitter le travail.
7.2. Conditions d’un stockage sûr, y compris d’éventuelles incompatibilités
- Stockage
: Conserver dans les conteneurs d'origine. Conserver dans des emballages
hermétiquement clos. Conserver dans un endroit sec, frais et bien ventilé.
Conserver à l'écart des acides et bases.
Conserver à l'écart des aliments et boissons, y compris ceux pour animaux.
Suivre les précautions d'usage pour la manipulation des produits poussiéreux.
SECTION 8 Contrôles de l’exposition/protection individuelle
8.1. Paramètres de contrôle
Limites d'exposition professionnelle
: 5 (fumée) (Belgium 2002)
8 Heures TLV-TWA [mg/m3]
10 (Poussières) (Belgium 2002)
: 10 (fumée) (Belgium 2002)
15 minutesVLT-STEL [mg/m3/]
: Workers
Autres
DNEL Inhalation solid zinc : 2,5 mg/m3
DNEL Inhalation insolid zinc : 5 mg/m3
General population
DNEL Inhalation solid zinc : 1,3 mg/m3
DNEL Inhalation insolid zinc : 2,5 mg/m3
PNEC:
PNEC Aqua freshwater : 20,6 mg/L
PNEC Aqua marine water : 6,1 mg/L
PNEC sediment freshwater : 117,8 mg/kg sediment dw
PNEC sediment marine water : 56,5 mg/kg sediment dw
PNEC STP : 5, 2 mg/l
8.2. Contrôle de l'exposition
8.2.1 Mesures techniques
8.2.2 Protection individuelle
- Protection des yeux
- Protection de la peau
- Protection des mains
- Protection respiratoire
8.2.3 Contrôle de l'exposition
environnementale
: Utiliser autant que possible en système fermé.
Ventilation locale avec aspiration par hotte de captage
Assurer un contrôle régulier de l'atmosphère.
L'équipement doit être nettoyé à fond après chaque utilisation.
: Porter des lunettes de sécurité avec écrans latéraux selon la norme EN 166.
: Porter un vêtement de protection fermé.
: Utiliser des gants de protection chimique répondant à "EN 374-2" et "EN 374-3".
Demander conseil au fournisseur de gants.
Matériel: gants en cuir, gants en coton, gants en caoutchouc.
: Porter un appareil respiratoire pour poussières si la manipulation du produit
génère des particules aériennes (type FFP2 selon la norme EN 140 ou 149).
: Eviter le rejet dans l'environnement.
SILOX S.A.
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
Page : 5
FICHE DE DONNEES DE
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 9. Propriétés physiques et chimiques
9.1. Informations sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques essentielles
Etat physique à 20 °C
Couleur
Odeur
pH
Point de fusion [°C]
Point d'ébullition [°C]
Masse vol. apparente
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Solubilité dans d'autres ingrédients
:
Propriétés d'oxydation
Coefficient de partage n-octanol/eau
Masse moléculaire
Solubilité dans l'eau
:
:
:
:
Limites d'explosivité
:
Poudre
Blanc cassé à jaune pâle.
Inodore.
7 - 8 (suspension - eau) ISO 787 / 9
1970 - 1975°C
Non applicable
300 - 2000 Kg/m3
DIN 53 466
(substances organiques).
Négligeable. Soluble dans les acides et les bases.
Non applicable
Non applicable
81.38
< 2 mg/l
LISEC BO 016 1997
Non explosif (VDI2263)
SECTION 10. Stabilité et réactivité
10.1. Réactivité
10.2. Stabilité chimique
10.3. Possibilité de réactions
dangereuses
10.4. Conditions à éviter
10.5. Matières à éviter
10.6. Produits de décomposition
dangereux
: Stable dans les conditions normales de manipulation et de stockage.
: Stable dans les conditions normales de manipulation et de stockage.
: Chauffé jusqu'au point de décomposition, libère des fumées dangereuses.
: Aucun.
: Conserver à l'écart des acides et bases.
: Aucun.
SECTION 11. Informations toxicologiques
11.1. Informations sur les effets toxicologiques
Toxicité aiguë
- Inhalation
- Cutanée
- Ingestion
Toxicité à doses répétées
Corrosion/irritation de la peau et de
l'oeil
: LC50 (4 hours) : > 5,7 mg/L (rat, similar to OECD Guideline 403 (Acute
Inhalation Toxicity), Klimisch reliable 2)
Potential occurrence of metal fume fever by workers following exposure to ultrafine
particles of zinc oxide during specific operations.
: LD50 : > 2000 mg/kg (data derived via read across).
: LD50: > 5000 mg/kg bw/day (rat, similar to OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral
Toxicity) Klimisch reliable 2)
: Oral :
NOAEL : 13 mg Zn/kg bw/day (rat) (data derived from a 13 weeks study via read
across)
The maximum allowable daily intake has been established to be 50 mg zinc per
day.
Inhalation :
NOAEC (subacute) : 2,7 mg ZnO/m3 (Guinea pig, Klimisch reliable 2)
: Skin: not irritating (Rabbit,mouse, Klimisch reliable 2)
Eyes: not irritating (Rabbit, EU Method B.5 (Eye Irritation / Corrosion) Klimisch
reliable 1)
SILOX S.A.
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
FICHE DE DONNEES DE
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 11. Informations toxicologiques (suite)
Sensibilisation respiratoire ou
cutanée
Cancérogénicité
Mutagénicité
Toxique pour la reproduction
: Not a skin sensitizer (Guinea pig, EU Method B.6 (Skin Sensitisation) Klimisch
reliable 1)
No evidence for respiratory sentizitation properties (weight of evidence approach)
: On the basis of the existing information it can be concluded that there is no
conclusive evidence for carcinogenicity
: In vitro :
Negative ( Salmonella typhimurium, Ames test, similar to OECD Guideline 471 (
Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay), Klimisch reliable 2)
In vivo :
Negative based on weight of evidence approach (EU risk assessment of zinc
compounds, 2008)
: Fertility: not considered to have detrimental effects on fertility (read across
approach)
Developmental toxicity: not considered to be toxic for development (read across
approach)
SECTION 12. Informations écologiques
12.1. Toxicité
- Poissons
- Plantes aquatiques
- Invertébrés aquatiques
: - Short-term toxicity to fish :
freshwater:
Lowest LC50: 0.169 mg Zn/l
approach)
- Long-term toxicity to fish :
Freshwater:
Data on 7 species available. NOECs (chronic) range between 0.044 and 0.530 mg
Zn/l (read across approach)
Marine:
NOEC (30 days) = 0.025 mg Zn/l (read across approach)
: EC50: 0.21 mg Zn/l [ data derived from 72 hr, algae (Selenastrum
capricornutum) test according to OECD 201]
: - Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates :
Lowest EC50: 0.147 - 0.228 mg Zn/l Ceriodapnia dubia (read across approach)
:
- Microorganismes / Effet sur les
boues activées
:
12.2. Persistance - dégradabilité
12.3. Potentiel de bio-accumulation :
12.4. Mobilité dans le sol
Oncorrhynchus Mykiss (read across
:
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates :
Freshwater:
Data on 13 species available. NOECs range between 0.037 and 0.400 mg Zn/l (
dissolved concentrations) (read across approach)
Marine:
Data on 26 species available. NOECs range between 0.0056 and 0.9 mg Zn/l (
dissolved concentrations) (read across approach)
EC50 (3d) : 5,2mg Zn/l (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test, read
across approach)
Non pertinent. (substance inorganique)
Non. (Zinc is a natural, essential element which is actively regulated by
organisms).
For zinc (like for other metals) the transport and distribution over the different
environmental compartments e.g. the water (dissolved fraction, fraction bound to
suspended matter), soil (fraction bound or complexed to the soil particles, fraction
in the soil pore water,...) is described and quantified by the metal partition
coefficients between these different fractions. A solids-water partitioning coefficient
of 158.5 l/kg (log value 2.2) was applied for zinc in soils.
SILOX S.A.
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
FICHE DE DONNEES DE
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Page : 7
Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 12. Informations écologiques (suite)
12.5. Résultats des évaluations PBT : Pas PBT ou vPvB selon le règlement (EC) No 1907/2006, Annexe XIII.
et VPVB
: Non.
12.6. Autres effets néfastes
SECTION 13. Considérations relatives à l’élimination
13.1. Méthodes de traitement des déchets
- Elimination des déchets
- Emballage
- Codes déchet
: Eliminer le produit conformément aux réglementations locales.
Eliminer le produit et son récipient comme un déchet dangereux.
Eliminer comme déchet industriel ou déchet dangereux, en fonction du degré et de
la nature de pollution.
: Procéder à la séparation des déchets d'emballage.
Eliminer comme déchet industriel ou déchet dangereux, en fonction du degré et de
la nature de pollution.
: 16 03 03 inorganic wastes containing dangerous substances
SECTION 14. Informations relatives au transport
14.1 - ADR/RID/ADN/IMO-IMDG/IATA
- No ONU
- Shipping name
- Groupe d'emballage
- Etiquetage ADR
- I.D. n°
- IMDG-Pollution marine
- Autres informations relatives au
transport
: 3077
: UN3077 MATIÈRE DANGEREUSE DU POINT DE VUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT,
SOLIDE, N.S.A. (Oxyde de zinc), 9, III, (E)
: III
Code tunnel : E : Passage interdit dans les tunnels de catégorie E.
à
|
O ¿
: 90
: Oui.
: Classification code: M7
SECTION 15. Informations réglementaires
15.1. Réglementations/législation particulières à la substance ou au mélange en matière de sécurité, de santé
et d’environnement
S'assurer que toutes les réglementations nationales ou locales sont respectées.
: Non requis.
- Autorisations
: Non.
- Restrictions
: Substance included in the Directive 96/82/EC (SEVESO)
- E.U.
Classe WGK (Allemagne) : 2
: N; R50-53
Classification CE
15.2. Évaluation de la sécurité chimique
Une évaluation de la sécurité chimique a été effectuée.
SILOX S.A.
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 16. Autres informations
: Total revision according to Reach regulation
: ADN : European Agreement concerning international carriage of Dangerous goods
by Inland waterways
ADR: European Agreement concerning international carriage of Dangerous goods
by Road
Bw : body weight
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
CLP : Classification, labelling, packaging
DNEL: Derivative No effect Level
EC: European Community
ELV : Emission limit values
EN: European Norm
EUH: European Hazard Statement
EWC : European Waste catalogue
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
IATA: International Air Transport Association
LC50: Median lethal concentration
LD50 : Median lethal dose
NOAEL : No-observed-adverse-effect-level
PBT: Persistent, bioaccumulative, Toxic
PNEC: Predicted No effect Concentration
REACH : Registration, evaluation and autorisation of chemicals
RID : Regulations concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail
STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
TWA : Time weighted average
vPvB: Very persistent, very bioaccumulative
16.3 Sources des données utilisées : Reach dossier
Zinc oxide and Zinc Risk Assessment Reports (Final), EU 2008, ECB
16.4. Phrases relatives aux dangers : H410 : Très toxique pour les organismes aquatiques, entraîne des effets néfastes
à long terme.
(R - H)
R50/53 : Très toxique pour les organismes aquatiques, peut entraîner des effets
néfastes à long terme pour l'environnement aquatique.
16.5. Conseils relatifs à la formation : Non.
: Emergency numbers
16.6. Autres données
Austria (Vienna) : +431 406 43 43
Bulgaria (Sofia) : +359 2 9154 409
Croatia (Zagreb) : +385 1 234 8342
Cyprus (Nicosia) : 1401
Czech Republic ( Praha) : +42 2 2491 9293 ou +42 2 2491 5402
Denmark ( Copenhagen) : +45 82 12 12 12
Estonia (Tallin) : 16662
Finland (Helsinki) : +358 9 471 977
France (Paris) : 01 40 05 48 48
Germany (Berlin) : 49 30 19240
Greece (Athens) : (0030) 2107793777
Hungary ( Budapest): +36 80 20 11 99
Iceland (Reykjavik) : +354 525 111 354 543 2222
Ireland (Dublin): +353 1 8379964
Italy (Roma) : +39 06 305 4343
Latvia (Riga) : +371 704 2468
Lithuania (Vilnius) : +370 2 36 20 52, +370 2 36 20 92
The Netherlands : +31 10 232 2200
Norway (Oslo) : +47 22 59 13 00
Poland (Krakow) : 48 (12) 411 99 99
Portugal (Lisbon) : 808 250 143
Romania (Bucarest) : +40 06 282 2121 ou +40 06 183 2121
16.1. Indication des modifications
16.2. Abbréviations et acronymes
SILOX S.A.
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Date : 12 / 4 / 2011
OXYDE DE ZINC
SIL-001
SECTION 16. Autres informations (suite)
Slovakia (Bratislava) : + 421 2 5477 4166
Slovenia (Ljubljana) : + 386 41 650 500
Spain (Madrid) : 91 562 04 20
Sweden (Stockholm) : 112
Switzerland (Zurich) : 145
Turkey (Ankara) : 0 800 314 7900
United Kingdom (London) : +44 (0) 20 7188 0100
Le contenu et le format de cette fiche de données de sécurité sont conformes au RÈGLEMENT (CE) N° 1907/2006 DU
PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL
DENEGATION DE RESPONSABILITE Les informations contenues dans cette fiche proviennent de sources que nous
considérons être dignes de foi. Néanmoins, elles sont fournies sans aucune garantie, expresse ou tacite, de leur exactitude. Les
conditions ou méthodes de manutention, stockage, utilisation ou élimination du produit sont hors de notre contrôle et peuvent ne
pas être du ressort de nos compétences. C'est pour ces raisons entre autres que nous déclinons toute responsabilité en cas de
perte, dommage ou frais occasionnés par ou liés d'une manière quelconque à la manutention, au stockage, à l'utilisation ou à
l'élimination du produit. Cette FDS a été rédigée et doit être utilisée uniquement pour ce produit. Si le produit est utilisé en tant
que composant d'un autre produit, les informations s'y trouvant peuvent ne pas être applicables.
Fin du document
SILOX S.A.
Tel. +32 (0)4 273 92 11
Fax +32 (0)4 273 96 36
En cas d'urgence : +32 (0)70 245 245
SILOX
Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
CAS number : 1314-13-2
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE SCENARIOS
Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Page 1 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
Table of Contents
Introduction to (short) Generic Exposure Scenarios (GES)...….. ……………………………………………….. 3
Table: Generic exposure scenarios (GES) for zinc metal……………………………………………………… 3
Table: Identified uses for Zn metal and corresponding Generic Exposure Scenario (GES)…………………... 4
GES Zn-1: industrial use of zinc cathodes or slabs, primary or secondary, that are melted, possibly alloyed, and
cast/transformed in required massive formats and possibly stored: slabs, ingots, anodes, sheet, bar, wire,
pellets, die-cast parts .….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
GES Zn-2: industrial use of zinc, pure or alloyed, in the production of zinc powder and dust by different
sputtering techniques including coating and superficial passivation steps……..……………………………….. 7
GES Zn-3: industrial use of zinc ingots or zinc powder in the manufacturing of other inorganic or organic zinc
substances through different process routes, hydro-, pyro-, electrolytic processes……………….……….….. 8
Zn GES-4: Industrial and professional use of Zn massive or zinc powder, alloyed or not, passivated or not, as
active laboratory reagent in aqueous or organic media, as reduction agent for analysis or synthesis. .…….. 10
Zinc GES-5: Industrial use of Zinc, alloyed or not, for metal surface treatment (e.g. corrosion protection of steel
by hot dip galvanising) or for pyrometallurgical extraction processes.……………………………….……….. 12
GES Zn-6: industrial use of zinc massive pieces (i.e. slabs, bars, sheets...), pure or alloyed, cast and optionally
further rolled and/or punched to form semi-finished articles. ……………………………………………...…. 16
GES Zn-7: Industrial and professional use of metallic Zn-powder, alloyed or not, passivated or not, for
downstream use of zinc mixtures involving dry or wet processes. ………………………………………...…. 17
GES Zn - 8: Industrial and professional downstream use of massive pieces made of -or coated with- zinc,
alloyed or not. ………………………………………...………………………………………………………… 19
GES Zn - 9: Industrial and professional downstream use of massive zinc powder, contained in liquid
preparations. ………………………………………...…………………………………………………..……… 22
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Introduction to (short) Generic Exposure Scenarios (GES)
For assessment of exposures at local scale, several generic exposure scenarios (GES) were developed in the
chemical safety report (CSR) for each zinc substance. This was necessary because of the significant number of
uses that was identified for each of the substances. The multitude of identified uses was assigned to the
respective GES based on similarity of process, and, consequently, similarity in exposure and risk management
measures. So, GES are relevant for the different identified uses that they group at the same time.
Approaches for local exposure assessment
• Assessment of workers exposure is related to the place /process the worker is involved in. The GES
group different processes; exposure assessment is done using the worst case approach by considering
full shift exposure at the workplace with highest potential for exposure. Risk management measures
are specified accordingly.
• Environmental emissions (notably to water) are usually integrating the totality of emissions from a
given site, and cannot be distinguished for each process. Therefore assessments in the GES are done
for the site as a whole.
Shortened GES for annexing to the e-SDS
For reasons of clarity, shortened versions of the GES as documented in the CSR have been listed below. These
shortened versions focus on a) operational conditions and b) risk management measures. Repetition of
information contained in the SDS has been avoided by cross-referencing.
How to identify the GES related to a given use?
In table below, the generic exposure scenarios (GES) developed for Zn metal are presented.
Table: Generic exposure scenarios (GES) for zinc metal (ref : CSR zinc metal, version Nov 2010)
Number
1
2
3
Sector
Formulation step: melting, alloying and
casting in massive pieces
Formulation step: melting, alloying
manufacture of powders
First tier applications
4
5
6
7
8
9
Second tier applications
Uses
Formulation general
Code
GESZn 1
GESZn 2
Manufacturing of other
zinc compounds
Laboratory reagent
Use of molten zinc
Transformation of
massive zinc
Use of zinc powders
DU of massive pieces of
zinc
DU of preparations
containing zinc powder
GESZn 3
GESZn 4
GESZn 5
GESZn 6
GESZn 7
GESZn 8
GESZn 9
To facilitate the identification of the GES related to a given downstream use, the table below lists the
different uses that were identified for Zn metal. In this table, the downstream user can look up its use(s) and
find the corresponding GES for attachment to his e-SDS.
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Table: Identified uses for Zn metal and corresponding Generic Exposure Scenario (GES) (ref: CSR zinc metal,
version Nov 2010)
IU number Identified Use (IU) name
GES code
3
Storage of ingots-slabs in warehouses
GESZn 1
4
Production of chemicals (pyro)
GESZn 3
5
Production of chemicals (hydro)
GESZn 3
6
Additive for production of inorganic catalysts
GESZn 2
7
Melting, alloying and casting
GESZn 1
8
Cathodic protection - sacrifical anodes
GESZn 1
9
Downstream use of zinc-based sacrifical anodes
GESZn 8
10
Extraction of PM (Parkes process)
GESZn 5
11
Zinc casting / granules, pellets, prills, …
GESZn 1, GESZn 6
12
Zinc sheet casting and rolling
GESZn 1, GESZn 6
13
Wire and rods manufacturing
GESZn 1, GESZn 6
14
Downstream use of Zn based wire for metal spraying
GESZn 8
15
Component for soldering/brazing/welding products
GESZn 1, GESZn 6
16
Downstream use of Zinc based brazing/soldering products
GESZn 8
17
Strips and coins manufacturing
GESZn 1, GESZn 6
18
Batteries ballots, cans manufacturing
GESZn 1, GESZn 6
19
Zinc (pure or alloyed) pwder manufacturing
GESZn 2
20
Passivated zinc powder manufacturing (pure or alloyed)
GESZn 2
21
Use of active powders for batteries
GESZn 7
22
Use of Zinc powders, pure or slightly alloyed, for formulation GESZn 7
of paints, coatings, and inks
23
Use of zinc powder based paints, coatings and inks
GESZn 9
24
Use of zinc powder for mechanical plating
GESZn 7
25
Use of zinc powder as reductant reagent
GESZn 4, GESZn 7
26
Use of (alloyed) Zn powder as corrosion inhibitor for
lubricants
GESZn 7
27
use of zinc powder (pure or alloyed) in the manufacture of
diamond tools
GESZn 7
28
Use of zinc powder (pure or alloyed) in the manufacture of
friction lining
GESZn 7
29
Use of zinc powder (pure or alloyed) in the manufacture of
carbon brushes
GESZn 7
30
Brass manufacturing
GESZn 1
31
Use of brass casts for transformation into semi-products
GESZn 6
32
Use of brass containing products
GESZn 8
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IU number Identified Use (IU) name
GES code
33
Die-casting alloys manufacturing
GESZn 1
34
Use of die-casting ingots
GESZn 6
35
Manufacturing of Zinc containing Al-alloys
GESZn 1
36
Use of zinc containing Al alloys
GESZn 6
37
General hot dip galvanizing
GESZn 5
38
Continuous hot dip galvanizing
GESZn 5
39
Electrogalvanizing
GESZn 5
40
Electroplating
GESZn 5
41
Production of "targets by (EB) PVD or other sputtering
techniques
GESZn 5, Generic
consumer/environment*
42
Use of galvanized goods
* corresponds to “GES 10” in IUCLID
Generic consumer/environment
GES Zn-1: industrial use of zinc cathodes or slabs, primary or secondary, that are melted, possibly alloyed,
and cast/transformed in required massive formats and possibly stored: slabs, ingots, anodes, sheet, bar,
wire, pellets, die-cast parts.
SU: 3,10, 14, 15, 0 (Nace C24.4.3./C25.6.1./C25.9.3./E38.3)
PROC: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8b, 9, 13, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26
PC : 7, 38
AC : 1, 2, 3, 7
ERC : 1, 2, 5, 6a, 10a, 11a, 12b
Description of activities/process(es) covered in the Exposure Scenario
•
Delivering and stockpiling of the slabs or ingots of zinc and other alloying metals (e.g. Al, Sn, Mg, Ti, Fe,
Co, Si, Cu, Ni, Bi …).
•
The ingots are fed into the melting/alloying furnace.
•
The alloying metals are molten and mixed/dissolved in the liquid phase at ~500°C up to 900°C
•
the melt is transferred to the casting ladle or machines, cast into ingots or directly into a (continuous)
casting machine to form it as e.g. sheet, rods, bars, wires, sections and tubes
•
Maintenance activities
Contributing scenario (1) controlling environmental exposure
Product characteristics: see sections 3 (composition) and 9 (phys-chem properties) of SDS
Physical state: massive solid
Amounts used Up to 1500 T zinc/day
Frequency and duration of use: Continuous use
Environment factors not influenced by risk management:
Flow rate of receiving surface water default: 18,000 m³/d, unless specified otherwise
Other given operational conditions affecting environmental exposure
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•
Dry manipulations in the whole building: only cooling water is present, whether in closed circuit or reused in another process.
•
Air on the working place is filtered before release outside the building
•
All indoor processes, in confined area.
Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release: see section 8.2.3. of SDS
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil: see
section 8.2.3. of SDS
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site: see section 8.2.3. of SDS
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant:
In cases where applicable: default size of the municipal STP (2000 m³/d), unless specified otherwise
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal
•
If any, all hazardous wastes are treated by certified contractors according to EU and national
legislation.
•
Users of Zn and Zn-compounds have to favour the recycling channels of the end-of-life products
•
Users of Zn and Zn-compounds have to minimize Zn-containing waste, promote recycling routes and,
for the remaining, dispose the waste streams according the Waste legislation.
Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste
By-products formed during the process are either recycled, internally or externally, or handled further as
waste , according the waste legislation
Contributing scenario (2) controlling worker exposure
Product characteristic: see sections 3 (composition) and 9 (phys-chem properties) of SDS
Physical status : massive solid
Amounts used Up to 500 T/shift
Frequency and duration of use/exposure 8hrs shift (worst case), continuous exposure is assumed as default
Human factors not influenced by risk management:
Uncovered body parts (potentially) face can be exposed as a result of the nature of the activity
Other given operational conditions affecting workers exposure
All processes are carried out indoor in confined areas.
Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release
•
Process enclosures or semi-enclosures where appropriate.
•
Local exhaust ventilation on furnaces and other work areas with potential dust and fumes generation,
dust capturing and removal techniques
•
Containment of liquid volumes in sumps to collect/prevent accidental spillage
Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker See SDS section
8.2.1.
Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure See SDS section 8.2.1.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation: See SDS section
8.2.2.
Exposure estimation and reference to its source: not relevant, refer to CSR.
Risks for workers and to the environment have to be assessed considering the PNECs and DNELs mentioned
under SDS sections 8.1.4.
Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the (G)ES.
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Occupational exposure/environmental emissions
The DU works inside the boundaries set by the ES if either the proposed risk management measures as
described above are met or the downstream user can demonstrate on his own that his operational conditions
and implemented risk management measures are adequate. Detailed guidance for evaluation of ES can be
acquired via your supplier or from the ECHA website (guidance R14, R16). Environmental and human exposure
can be measured or modelled (more information on tools available in SDS section 8.1.4.).
In addition, bioavailability corrections can be integrated in the exposure assessment, if the environmental
parameters that are needed for the calculations are documented (see SDS section 8.1.4.)
GES Zn-2: industrial use of zinc, pure or alloyed, in the production of zinc powder and dust by different
sputtering techniques including coating and superficial passivation steps.
•
SU: 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 0 (Nace C20.1.3.)
•
PROC: 2, 3, 5, 8b, 9, 14, 22, 26,27a, 27b
•
PC : 2, 7, 9b, 10, 14, 19, 20, 40
•
AC : -
•
ERC : 1, 2, 4, 5, 6a, 6b
•
Delivering and stockpiling of the Zinc slabs or ingots.
•
The Zinc ingots are fed into the melting/alloying furnace.
•
Zinc and, optionally, alloying elements, are molten and mixed at 450-500°C
•
By gravity, injection or suction, the liquid metal is fed into the sputtering chamber
•
Further cooling, classification, blending and packaging of produced zinc dust and powder. Workers
have to place and adjust the bag or drum under the discharge pipe and to set the process in motion.
•
Filled bags or drums are subsequently closed and carried to the storage area.
•
Zinc is produced in its pure form (typically : >99 %) or alloyed.
Amounts used Up to 30000 T/y
Frequency and duration of use Continuous production is assumed as a worst case
Environment factors not influenced by risk management
3
Flow rate of receiving surface water default: 18,000 m /d, unless specified otherwise
•
•
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil See
SDS section 8.2.3.
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site See section 8.2.3 of SDS
3
In cases where applicable: use default size of the municipal STP (2000 m /d) unless specified otherwise.
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•
legislation.
•
Users of Zn powders have to favour the recycling channels of the end-of-life products
•
Users of Zn powders have to minimize Zn-containing waste, promote recycling routes and, for the
remaining, dispose the waste streams according the Waste legislation.
By-products formed during the process are either recycled, internally or externally, or handled further as
waste , according the waste legislation
Zn-powders and dusts are packed in appropriate packaging (e.g. drums) and stored in enclosed buildings =>
High dustiness is assumed as worst case (particle size from <500µm (powders) down to 10µm (fine dusts)
Frequency and duration of use/exposure 8hrs shift (worst case), continuous exposure is assumed as default.
Human factors not influenced by risk management
Uncovered body parts: (potentially) face exposed as a result of the nature of the activity
Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release: see section 8.2.1 of SDS
Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker: See SDS section
8.2.1.
Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure: See SDS section 8.2.1
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation: See SDS section
8.2.2
GES Zn-3: industrial use of zinc ingots or zinc powder in the manufacturing of other inorganic or organic zinc
substances through different process routes, hydro-, pyro-, electrolytic processes
•
SU: 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 0 (Nace C23.9.9.)
•
PROC: 2, 3, 8b, 9, 22, 26
•
PC : 7, 19, 20, 21
•
AC : na
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•
ERC : 1, 2, 6a
1. In case of wet processes:
a. Reception of the Zn metal, transfer to the reaction tank
b. Sequential addition of reagents for purification steps and filtration on press filter, when
needed (ventilation is adapted).
c.
Concentration by solvent evaporation, under exhaust hood.
d. Possible pouring on a cooling belt or feeding to a crystaliser.
2. In case of dry process
a. Reception of zinc metal, transfer to the furnace
b. Fuming of the zinc vapour, oxidation in an air stream, cooling and collecting of the dust
3. Discharge and packaging of produced zinc compounds. Filled bags or drums are subsequently closed
and carried to the storage area.
4. Exposure to dust can occur during packing of the powder. Solutions are packed in intermediate bulk
containers (ca. 1 m3 capacity); solids are packed in bags or drums.
5. Maintenance activities
Zn-compounds are produced in their pure form e.g; > 99%, or in solution.
Amounts used Up to 75 T/d of Zn is transformed to equivalent Zn compound
Frequency and duration of use Continuous production is assumed as a worst case. It is possible that use is not
continuous; this has to be considered when estimating exposure.
Flow rate of receiving surface water default used: 18,000 m³/d, unless specified otherwise
•
Dry process (fuming, oxidation) or wet processes (leaching, filtering, purification) followed by drying
(possible grinding), and packaging;
•
•
High temperature around furnaces
•
Dosing and packaging operations occur under a special ventilation hood
SDS section 8.2.3.
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site See SDS section 8.2.3.
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant
3
In cases where applicable: default size of the municipal STP (2000 m /d) will be used unless specified
otherwise.
•
legislation.
•
•
for the remaining, dispose the waste streams according the Waste regulation.
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•
All residues from the wet process are recycled.
•
•
for the remaining, dispose the waste streams according to the Waste regulation.
•
Zinc is transformed to equivalent pure zinc compound.
•
The formed zinc compound can be produced as a powder with varying particle size (worst case
scenario) or can be in solution.
Amounts used Up to maximum 25T/shift
Frequency and duration of use/exposure 8hrs shift (worst case)
Human factors not influenced by risk management
Uncovered body parts: (potentially) face can be exposed as a result of the nature of the activity
8.2.1.
Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure: See section 8.2.1. of SDS
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation: see section 8.2.2 of
SDS
Zn GES-4: Industrial and professional use of Zn massive or zinc powder, alloyed or not, passivated or not, as
active laboratory reagent in aqueous or organic media, as reduction agent for analysis or synthesis.
SU: 3, 9, 14,
PROC: 5, 8b, 15, 26
PC: 7
AC: not applicable
ERC: 6b
The zinc metal is used for
Analysis: sample (solid or liquid) treatment or preparation: the substance is in the sample or in the reagents
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Synthesis: manipulations are usually under ventilation (e.g. laminar flow, ventilation hood)
The substance is used at the industrial scale, in industrial installations for air control and water treatment and
at the professional scale by laboratories
Zn is used in minimum 80% purity; higher grades (>95%) are usual
Amounts used
•
maximum 5 T/y (industrial scale)
•
maximum 0.5 T/y (professional scale)
Frequency and duration of use Use is usually intermittent but continuous use is assumed as a worst case. It is
possible that use is not continuous; this has to be considered when estimating exposure.
3
Flow rate of receiving surface water default value 18,000 m /d used unless specified otherwise
All processes are performed indoor in a confined area, with dedicated laboratory equipment. All solid residues
containing zinc are recovered for recycling
•
Process enclosures and closed circuits where relevant
•
If relevant, dust capturing and removal techniques are applied on local exhaust ventilation (centralised
treatment, scrubbers, filters, ...)
•
Containment of liquid volumes to collect waste streams
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
•
Industrial scale: see section 8.2.3.
•
Professional scale, the emissions are treated usually by STP. Professional services will be used for
treating waste streams e.g. for the recovery of metallic solids (for recycling), and for the recovery of
e.g. acid solutions containing the substance
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site See SDS section 8.2.3
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant
In cases where applicable: default size of the municipal STP (2000 m3/d) will be used unless specified
otherwise.
•
legislation.
•
•
All residues are recycled or handled and conveyed according to waste legislation
•
Zn is used in minimum 80% purity; higher grades (> 95%) are usual
•
The sample is usually solid, but regularly added to liquid samples.
•
When the preparation is in solid state, it can be characterised by high dustiness in a worst case
situation.
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Amounts used
•
maximum 5 T/y (industrial scale)
•
maximum 0.5 T/y (professional scale)
Frequency and duration of use/exposure
Use is usually intermittent but continuous use is assumed as a worst case.
Human factors not influenced by risk management: Uncovered body parts: (potentially) face can be exposed
as a result of the nature of the activity
•
high temperature steps can occur in protected zones (fume cupboards);
•
all indoor processes in confined area, including hazardous substances cabinets.
For laboratories more specifically:
•
Local exhaust ventilation on work areas with potential generation of dust or fumes, dust capturing and
removal techniques (fume cupboards).
•
Containment of liquid volumes and collection in special circuits
•
Storage of Zn products in dedicated zones, e.g.: hazardous substances cabinets
Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker: see section 8.2.1 of
SDS
For laboratories more specifically:
•
Cleaning of process equipment and laboratory
•
Storage of Zn products in dedicated zones, e.g.: hazardous substances cabinets
Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure: See section 8.2.1 of SDS
SDS
Zinc GES-5: Industrial use of Zinc, alloyed or not, for metal surface treatment (e.g. corrosion protection of
steel by hot dip galvanising) or for pyrometallurgical extraction processes.
SU: 3, 5, 0 (NACE C25.6.1.)
PROC : 13, 22, 23
PC : 7,14
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AC : 1,2,3,7
ERC : 2,5
The hot-dip galvanising process includes the following steps:
1) In batch (general) galvanising:
•
the steel article is immersed into a bath of molten zinc (kettle”) for a given time (typically 3-20
minutes). Prior to immersion, the steel article has been prepared by: i) mounting on a transportation
line, ii) pre-treatment by degreasing, pickling, fluxing and optionally drying)
after removal from the kettle, the excess zinc drains back into the kettle. In semi-automated processes
for tubes and pipes, excess zinc can be removed with compressed air or steam.
2) In continuous galvanising:
• The steel articles (e.g.: sheet -strip/coil,…) are continuously unwound and fed to a fully or partially
automated process. Wire galvanising follows a similar process.
•
•
The coils are automatically welded end-to-end to give a truly continuous process.
•
The sheet strip undergoes surface cleaning (chemical and/or thermal treatment) and heat treatment
in special designed and closed furnace zones, before the zinc coating and finishing.
•
The galvanising bath consists of one or more tanks, usually made of a ceramic material or steel, which
contain molten zinc (or zinc alloy). The steel passes through the bath and its surface is coated with
zinc/iron-zinc alloys. Because of the speed of the strip (up to 180 m/min) and the short exposure time,
the coating is very thin.
•
When the steel leaves the bath, gas (air or nitrogen) “knives” wipe off the excess zinc. An automatic
gauge that measures the thickness of the coating, using e.g. X-ray measurement technology controls
the system.
•
The steel is gradually cooled by air coolers after leaving the bath, possibly quenched in a water tank,
dried, “finished” (to give the desired surface properties and appearance), edge-trimmed if necessary,
cut to the required length and re-wound.
•
“Galvannealing” is a special after-treatment in which galvanised steel strip is heated again to allow the
formation of a zinc-iron alloy (8-12% iron) on the surface, giving a particularly smooth appearance.
Coils of finished galvanised steel are large and very valuable products that have to meet very stringent quality
requirements. They are always stored under cover, usually in areas with temperature and humidity control.
They are also always protected against corrosion by a passivating rinse layer, an oil film, plastic wrap or
interleaved paper or a combination of some of these. In addition, they are always transported on covered truck
beds. Therefore, there is no possibility of zinc-containing run-off from these products while at the plant or
during transport (EU RA zinc metal, 2006).
•
Pure zinc metal or zinc alloy is used in the molten state.
•
During immersion, the surface of the steel sheet reacts with the zinc to form a coating consisting of
several zinc-iron alloy layers that are normally covered with an outer layer of zinc.
•
The thickness of the zinc coating can vary generally between 250µm (batch galvanising) to <10-35 µm
(continuous hot dip galvanizing; for a tube of conduction, the thickness of the zinc coating can be up
to 60µm)
•
During the Parkes-process (lead refining step)the formed triple alloy contains up to 35% w/w zinc
Amounts used
•
Depending on the steel volume treated, a galvanising line will treat up to 3500 T Zn/y (general
galvanising) and up to 12000 t/y of Zn in continuous galvanising (EU RA). On the biggest continuous
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galvanising sites, up to 3 lines can be operational in parallel.
•
Parkes process: up to 5000T/y.
Frequency and duration of use Continuous operations
3
•
The galvanising process includes a high level of automation.
•
All processes are performed indoor in a confined area. All residues containing zinc are recycled.
•
The same technology is applied throughout the EU.
•
Process enclosures and closed circuits where relevant and possible (e.g.: when coolers are used, the
cooling-water circulates in closed circuitry
•
Dust capturing and removal techniques are applied on local exhaust ventilation on furnaces and other
work areas with potential dust generation.
•
Containment of liquid volumes in sumps to collect/prevent accidental spillage
•
On-site waste water treatment techniques can be applied to prevent releases to water (if applicable)
e.g.: chemical precipitation, sedimentation and filtration (efficiency 90-99.98%). It is specified that by
the implementation of BREF, the emission abatement efficiency is usually higher, resulting in a
maximum release of 200-300kg of zinc /year by 1 continuous galvanising line.
•
Air emissions are controlled by use of bag-house filters and/or other air emission abatement devices
e.g. fabric (or bag) filters (up to 99% efficiency), wet scrubbers (50-99% efficiency). This may create a
general negative pressure in the building.
•
Special procedures are used for cleaning and maintenance
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site: See section 8.2.3. of SDS
3
otherwise.
•
legislation.
•
•
•
All residues are recycled or handled and conveyed according to waste legislation.
•
The excess zinc in the process is recovered and is either returned to the zinc kettle or sent for zinc
recovery in the secondary industry. Zinc-enriched dross, ash and kettle skimmings are also either reutilised in the plant or by the secondary zinc industry
Pure Zinc metal or zinc alloy is used.
Amounts used A general (batch) galvanising line will treat up to 3500 T/y of zinc, a continuous galvanising plant
will treat up to 12000 t/y of Zn (EU RA). This would result in a maximum use of about 12T/d, 40T/d,
respectively. These amounts have however no relation to worker exposure.
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•
Continuous hot dip galvanising: continuous, largely automated process.
•
Batch hot dip galvanising: immersion of a batch of steel articles in molten zinc typically occurs 3 to 4
times per hour during an 8-hour shift.
•
The molten zinc (alloy) in the galvanising kettle is at 445-460 °C (batch-GHDG), and 440-520°C
(continuous-CHDG), resp.. Some GHDG process variants operate at up to 560°C. At this temperature
(just above the melting point) the formation of zinc oxide fumes is minimal.
•
Thin layers of a mix of solidifying zinc-iron intermetallic phases and ZnO are formed at the surface of
the molten zinc bath and are removed manually or mechanically by “skimming”
•
Some alloying elements may be used e.g. Pb, Ni, Al, Sb, Mg …which may trigger some specific risk
management measures for workers
•
In general, process enclosures and closed circuits where relevant and possible, and in line with IPPCBREF
•
If applicable, local exhaust ventilation on furnaces and other work areas with potential dust
generation, dust capturing and removal techniques.
o
Batch galvanising: IPPC BREF requires that the galvanising kettle is fully enclosed for the
purpose of capturing emissions to air. These enclosures also restrict exposure of workers to
zinc and zinc compounds during immersion of the steel articles.
o
Continuous galvanising: feeding of massive zinc blocks is automated, only traces of dust are
generated at (masked) kettle and generally no LEV or process enclosure is needed.
Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker: see section 8.2.1 of
SDS
Local exhaust ventilation systems and process enclosures are generally applied in GHDG, so inhalation is also
prevented by process enclosures e.g. shields between the ventilation hood and the kettle
Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure: see section 8.2.1 of SDS
SDS
Page 15 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
GES Zn-6: industrial use of zinc massive pieces (i.e. slabs, bars, sheets...), pure or alloyed, cast and optionally
further rolled and/or punched to form semi-finished articles.
•
SU: 3, 14, 15, 16, 0 (Nace C24.5.3&4./C25.9.3./C27.2.)
•
PROC: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8b, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26
•
PC : 7, 14, 15, 20, 21, 38
•
AC : 1, 2, 3, 7
•
ERC : 2, 3, 5, 6b
Description of processes covered in the exposure scenario, e.g. casting for rolling, granules/pellets casting, die
casting, brass casting...
•
High purity zinc (alloy) ingot is melted, optionally alloyed, and poured onto the casting machine or fed
to the injection nozzles.
•
After casting, the strip, the granules the die-cast, the brass bar are rapidly cooled down; the remainder
of the operations concerns automated operations of the final articles that are in the massive metal
form.
•
All castings are performed in specially dedicated machines: continuous strip-casting (i.e. Hazelett …),
continuous brass-rod casting, batch hot-chamber die-casting machine.
•
The fresh scrap is usually returned to the melting furnace for direct recycling
•
The articles are stored before shipping to the final transformer
•
Zinc alloys for sheet rolling are typically made with Cu, Ti. Zinc alloys for die-casting are typically made of
aluminium and magnesium, optionally copper. Brass is made of copper and ~30% zinc. These alloying elements
may trigger some specific risk management measures for workers
Amounts used Up to 500 T zinc/day
Frequency and duration of use Continuous use
3
•
The molten zinc in the kettle is at 450-615 °C (higher for Cu- or Al-rich alloys).
•
Dry manipulations in the whole building: only cooling water is present, whether in closed circuit or reused in another process.
•
•
See SDS section 8.2.3.
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site: See SDS section 8.2.3.
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant: In cases where applicable: default size
3
of the municipal STP (2000 m /d) will be used unless specified otherwise.
If any, all hazardous wastes are treated by certified contractors according to EU and national legislation.
Page 16 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
Users of Zn and Zn-compounds have to minimize Zn-containing waste, promote recycling routes and, for the
remaining, dispose the waste streams according the Waste legislation
By-products formed during the process are either recycled, internally or externally, or handled further as waste
, according the waste legislation
•
Besides brass, where zinc is in a proportion of ~30% w/w, the composition of major zinc alloys is
generally Zn: > 80 %.
•
Variable amounts of Cu, Al, Ni, Bi, Mn, Ti, In, Sb, Mg … may be added to some alloy products to
improve specific properties of the material
•
The final forms are massive metal
Frequency and duration of use/exposure 8hrs shift (worst case), continuous exposure is assumed as default.
Human factors not influenced by risk management: Uncovered body parts (potentially) face can be exposed
•
The molten zinc in the kettle is basically at 450-615 °C, higher for Cu- and Al-rich alloys.
•
8.2.1.
SDS
GES Zn-7: Industrial and professional use of metallic Zn-powder, alloyed or not, passivated or not, for
downstream use of zinc mixtures involving dry or wet processes.
SU: 3, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 22, 0 (Nace C20.3./25.6.1./27.2)
PROC: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8a, 8b, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 26
Page 17 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
PC: 2, 7, 9a, 9b, 9c, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24
AC: 1, 2,3,7
ERC: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6b, 7, 10a, 10b, 11a
In the described process, the zinc powder containing preparation/mixture is:
•
unpacked and possibly stored in silos
•
Extracted from the silo, and
o
in the making of basic mixtures, dosed and fed with the other reagents and/or solvents to the
mixing tank, batch-wise or continuously, according the process receipt. The resulting zinc
containing mixture (dispersion, paste) is directly further processed, or packed, for further
treatment/use.
o
in the mechanical plating, the zinc powder is applied to the steel surface
Zn powder in preparation can be > 25%, usually <5%
Amounts used maximum 5000 T/y
Frequency and duration of use Continuous production is assumed as a worst case.
3
•
Even when no process waters occur, some non-process water can be generated containing zinc (e.g.
from cleaning)
•
All processes are performed indoor in a confined area.
•
All residues containing zinc are recycled.
•
Local exhaust ventilation on mixing tanks and other work areas with potential dust generation.
•
Dust capturing and removal techniques are applied.
•
Process enclosures where relevant and possible.
SDS section 8.2.3.
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site See SDS section 8.2.3.
3
otherwise.
•
legislation.
•
•
Page 18 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
•
The concentration of Zn in the mixtures can be up to >25% but is usually of the order of <= 5%,
depending on the application.
•
The preparation can be solid, or in the liquid state, as a paste or dispersion or other viscous or
polymerized matrix, with a low level of dustiness; however, powder forms can occur, medium
dustiness is therefore applied as a worst case.
Amounts used Max 5000T/y = 20 T/d = 7T/shift depending of application
Frequency and duration of use/exposure 8 hour shifts (default worst case) are assumed as starting point; it is
emphasised that the real duration of exposure could be less. This has to be considered when estimating
exposure
Human factors not influenced by risk management: Uncovered body parts (potentially) face can be exposed
•
Wet or dry processes
•
All indoor processes in confined area.
Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker
•
Local exhaust ventilation systems and process enclosures are generally applied
•
Cyclones/filters (for minimizing dust emissions): efficiency 70%-90% (cyclones); dust filters (50-80%)
•
LEV in work area: efficiency 84% (generic LEV)
SDS
GES Zn - 8: Industrial and professional downstream use of massive pieces made of -or coated with- zinc,
alloyed or not.
SU: 3, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 0(NACEC25.9.3.)
PROC: 4, 7, 11, 13, 15, 21, 23, 25, 26
PC: 7, 9a, 14,38
AC: 1, 2, 3, 7
ERC: 5, 10a, 11a
Page 19 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
This scenario covers both the industrial scale processes and professional use. In the described process, the Zn
metal containing preparation/mixture is further processed, involving potentially the following steps:
•
Reception/unpacking of material
•
Final application, embedding, or shaping to produce the end product or article
Zn metal in the article is < 25% when located in the coating, >25% when located in the mass of the article.
Amounts used
Typical quantities for Industrial use are 50T/y (typical), maximum 500T/y (in industrial setting). For professional
use, quantities are much lower.
Frequency and duration of use: Continuous production is assumed as a worst case
3
•
Solid, so in principle all dry processes throughout, no process waters. Even when no process waters
occur (with dry process throughout), some non-process water can be generated containing zinc (e.g.
from cleaning)
•
In industrial and professional setting, processes are performed usually indoor in a confined area.
Professional use can be outdoors.
•
•
In industrial and professional setting indoor, the following applies:
o
•
Local exhaust ventilation on furnaces and other work areas with potential dust generation.
o
o
In outdoor professional use, no LEV is assumed
•
o
No process waters, so possible emissions to water are limited and non-process related.
o
If zinc emissions to water, on-site waste water treatment techniques can be applied to
prevent releases to water (if applicable) e.g.: chemical precipitation, sedimentation and
filtration (efficiency 90-99.98%).
By exposure modelling it is predicted that at use quantities of > 200T/y, refinement
of the exposure assessment to water and sediment needs to be made (exposure
assessment based on real measured data and local parameters). Treatment of the
emissions to water may be needed under such conditions.
o
Air emissions are controlled by use of bag-house filters and/or other air emission abatement
devices e.g. fabric or bag filters, wet scrubbers. This may create a general negative pressure in
the building
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant: In cases where applicable: default size
3
of the municipal STP (2000 m /d) will be used unless specified otherwise.
•
legislation.
Page 20 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
•
•
for the remaining, dispose the waste streams according to the Waste legislation.
Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste: All residues are recycled or handled and
conveyed according to waste legislation
Zn metal in the article is < 25% when located in the coating, >25% when located in the mass of the article.
•
The zinc containing mixture is in the solid state, usually with a low level of dustiness;
•
However, for some processes, e.g. welding (PC 38), fine powder forms can occur; for these processes,
high dustiness is considered
Amounts used
Typical quantities for Industrial setting are 50 T/y (typical), or 0.15 T/day, 0.05 T/shift. In industrial setting,
maximum use quantity is 500T/y (1.5T/d, 0.5T/shift). In professional use, quantities are much lower.
8 hour shifts (default worst case) are assumed as starting point; it is emphasised that the real duration of
exposure could be less. This has to be considered when estimating exposure.
•
Industrial / Professional:
o
Dry processes: dry operational conditions throughout the process; no process waters;
o
Mostly indoor processes (industrial and professional) in confined area; professional use can
also occur outdoors.
•
•
Industrial /professional indoor
o
Local exhaust ventilation on work areas with potential dust generation, dust capturing and
removal techniques
o
Process enclosures where appropriate
Professional outdoor: no LEV assumed, only local ventilation of area
•
•
Industrial /professional:
o
o
Cyclones/filters (for minimizing dust emissions): efficiency 70%-90% (cyclones); dust filters
(50-80%)
o
Professional outdoor: no LEV assumed, but ventilation and RPE for some PROC/PC recommended
Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure: See section 8.2.1 of SDS
SDS
Page 21 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
GES Zn - 9: Industrial and professional downstream use of massive zinc powder, contained in liquid
preparations.
SU: 3, 14, 21, 22, 0 (NACEC20.3.)
PROC: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8a, 8b, 9, 10, 11, 13, 19, 24
PC: 7, 9a, 9b, 9c, 18
AC: 1, 2, 7
ERC: 4, 5, 8a, 8c, 8d, 8f
This scenario covers both the industrial scale processes and professional use. In the described process, the Zn
metal containing preparation/mixture is further processed, involving potentially the following steps:
•
Reception/unpacking of the preparation (zinc powder in suspension)
•
Mixing, filling and/or application to produce the end product or article.
Contributing scenario (1) controlling environmental exposure.
Zn metal is usually > 25% in classical mixtures, sometimes <25%.
Amounts used
Typical quantities for Industrial use are 50T/y (typical), maximum 500T/y (in industrial setting). For professional
use, quantities are much lower
Frequency and duration of use
Continuous production is assumed as a worst case. Usually, use is not continuous; this has to be considered
when estimating exposure
3
•
Liquid preparations, usually no process waters. Even when no process waters occur (with dry process
throughout), some non-process water can be generated containing zinc (e.g. from cleaning)
•
In industrial and professional setting, processes are performed usually indoor in a confined area.
Professional use can be outdoors.
•
Page 22 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
•
o
Local exhaust ventilation on work areas with potential dust generation.
o
o
•
o
If zinc emissions to water, on-site waste water treatment techniques can be applied to
prevent releases to water (if applicable) e.g.: chemical precipitation, sedimentation and
filtration (efficiency 90-99.98%).
By exposure modelling it is predicted that at use quantities of > 200T/y, refinement
of the exposure assessment to water and sediment needs to be made (exposure
assessment based on real measured data and local parameters). Treatment of the
emissions to water may be needed under such conditions (see “exposure estimation
and risk characterisation”).
o
Air emissions are controlled by use of bag-house filters and/or other air emission abatement
devices e.g. fabric or bag filters, wet scrubbers. This may create a general negative pressure in
the building.
3
otherwise.
•
legislation.
•
•
Zn metal is usually > 25% in classical mixtures, sometimes <25%.
•
The zinc containing mixture is in the liquid state, usually with a low level of dustiness;
•
However, for some processes, e.g. liquid spraying, fine particles (droplets) are formed, which directly
solidify to solid coating. For these processes, medium dustiness is considered as a worst case and PPE
are recommended.
Amounts used
Typical quantities for Industrial setting are 50 T/y (typical), or 0.15 T/day, 0.05 T/shift. In industrial setting,
maximum use quantity is 500T/y (1.5T/d, 0.5T/shift). In professional use, quantities are much lower.
8 hour shifts (default worst case) are assumed as starting point; it is emphasised that the real duration of
exposure could be less. This has to be considered when estimating exposure.
Page 23 sur 24
SILOX
Zinc oxide
Exposure scenarios
EC number : 215-222-5
•
indoor processes (industrial and professional) in confined area;
•
Professional use can also occur outdoors.
•
•
Industrial /professional indoor
o
Local exhaust ventilation on work areas with potential dust generation, dust capturing and
removal techniques
o
Process enclosures where appropriate
Professional outdoor: no LEV assumed, only local ventilation of area
•
•
Industrial /professional:
o
o
Cyclones/filters (for minimizing dust emissions): efficiency 70%-90% (cyclones); dust filters
(50-80%)
o
Professional outdoor: no LEV assumed, but ventilation and RPE for some PROC/PC recommended
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation: see sections 8.2.2 of
SDS
Page 24 sur 24

fiche de donnees de securite oxyde de zinc

Transcription

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