sida Country Report 2005

august 2006 • Embassy of Sweden, Mali
Sida Country Report 2005
Mali
Contents
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations..........................................................3
1. Summary...............................................................................................5
2. Political, Economic and Poverty Development in 2005.....................6
2.1 Evolution of the Regional Context and the .
Humanitarian Situation................................................................6
2.2 Political Evolution and Events in Mali during 2005......................7
2.3 Democratic Governance and Human Rights................................8
2.4 Macro-Economic Development and Economic Reforms..............9
2.5 The HIV/AIDS situation in Mali................................................12
2.6 The Development Cooperation Context......................................13
3. Swedish-Norwegian Development Cooperation with Mali
– Overall assessment of the Country Programme............................14
3.1 Implementation of the Country Plan...........................................14
3.2 Prioritised Dialogue Issues in 2005..............................................15
4. Specific Country Programme Overview of the Swedish Norwegian
Development Cooperation..................................................................16
4.1 Budget Support and Public Financial Management....................16
4.2 Democratic Governance and Human Rights..............................17
4.3 Education......................................................................................17
4.4 Health ..........................................................................................18
4.5 Sustainable management of natural resources.............................18
4.6 HIV/AIDS...................................................................................20
5. Office and Administrative Issues........................................................21
Annex 1:Country Report..........................................................................23
Annex 2:Country Plan and Matrix ...........................................................24
Annex 3:Indicators for Monitoring of the PRS........................................26
Other Relevant Reference Documents....................................................28
Published by Sida 2006
Department for Africa
Author: Embassy of Sweden, Mali
Printed by Edita Communication AB, 2006
Art. no.: SIDA30301en
This publication can be downloaded/ordered from www.sida.se/publications
List of Acronyms
and Abbreviations
ABC
ADEMA
AFD AfDB
AMADER Abstain, Be Faithful, use Condoms
Alliance pour la Démocratie au Mali
L’Agence Française de Développement
African Development Bank
Agence Malienne pour le Développement de l’Energie
Domestique et de l’Electrification Rurale
BSI
Budget Spécial d’Investissement
CEDAW
Convention of the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
CMDT
La Compagnie Malienne de Développement Textile
CPI
Corruption Perception Index
DNH
La Direction de l’Hydraulique (Water Directorate)
EDSM
Enquête sur la Démographie et la Santé au Mali
ELIM
Enquête Légère Intégrée auprès de Ménages
EMEP
Enquête Malienne d’Evaluation de la Pauvreté
FCFA
Franc de la Communauté Financière d’Afrique
FGM
Female Genital Mutilation
GBS
General Budget Support
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEDEFET Gestion Décentralisée de la Forêt et des Energies .
Traditionnelles
GF
Global Fund
GSPC
Groupe Salafiste Pour le Combat, le Salut et la Prédication
HCNLS
Le Haut Conseil National de Lutte contre le SIDA .
(National Council to fight HIV/AIDS)
HDI
Human Development Index
IMF International Monetary Fund
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
IWRM
Integrated Water Resource Management
JFA
Joint Financing Arrangement
LDG
Local Democratic Governance
MDG
Millennium Development Goal
MDRI
MMEE
NGO
NRM PAF
PDI
PDSS
PFM
PISE
PRODEC
PRODESS
PRS
RPM
SBS
SE/HCNLS
SWAp
TI
UN
UNICEF
WAEMU
WB
WFP Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
Le Ministère des Mines, de l’Energie et de L’Eau
Non-Governmental Organisation
Natural Resource Management
Performance Assessment Framework
Programme de Développement Institutionnel
Plan Décennal de Développement Sanitaire et Social
Public Finance Management
Programme d’Investissement Sectoriel de l’Education
Programme Décennal de Développement de l’Education
Programme de Développement Socio Sanitaire
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Rassemblement Pour le Mali
Sector Budget Support
Le Secrétariat Exécutif du Haut Conseil National de Lutte
contre le Sida
Sector Wide Approach programme
Transparency International
United Nations
The United Nations Children’s Fund
West Africa Monetary Union
World Bank
World Food Programme
1.Summary
During 2005, Mali continued to display political stability, timid institutional development, improved rainfalls and generally more optimistic
economic perspectives than in 2004. However, poverty remains widespread. Neither improved average growth nor the implementation of
Mali’s first Poverty Reduction Strategy (2002–2006) appear to have had
any notable impact on poverty levels so far. Mali also remains highly
dependent on external factors, including unpredictable climatic conditions but also the political and economic context in the sub-region.
The context for development cooperation, however, evolved positively
in 2005. Political and economic reforms were slow and the political will
to act on certain culturally sensitive issues, such as women’s human
rights, can be seriously questioned, but the government appears open to
a dialogue with the donors and civil society. Various mechanisms for
joint monitoring and policy dialogue around the implementation of
Mali’s Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) were put in place or strengthened during 2005. For lack of data and in light of the relatively short
implementation period for Mali’s PRS, it is too early to assess impact on
poverty levels. Mali however, remains very poor and was ranked as
number 174 out of 177 countries according to the UN’s Human Development Index in 2005.
Swedish-Norwegian development cooperation with Mali in 2005 was
largely implemented according to plan (see annex 1 and 2). A total of
SEK 212 million was made available to Mali, out of which Norway
contributed approximately SEK 50 million. The main emphasis was on
the social sectors where SEK 115 million was made available for Mali’s
reform and investment programs in Health and Education. This was
closely followed by General Budget Support, where SEK 70 million was
made available to Mali to implement its PRS and to compensate for
revenue losses caused by external shocks in 2004. In parallel to significant support for government programmes, Sweden and Norway also
gave financial support to the UN system and to the civil society to pursue
efforts in the areas of democratic governance and human rights.
2.Political, Economic and
Poverty Development
in 2005
2.1
Evolution of the Regional Context and the Humanitarian
Situation
The unresolved crisis in Ivory Coast continued to threaten both stability
and economic progress in Mali, although measures taken by the Malian
government to address its immediate effects were successfully implemented. Rumours about the failing health of the President of Guinea-Conakry continued to surface during 2005, with the ensuing risk for another military coup in the region. The evolution in neighbouring
Mauritania, which saw a military coup in August 2005, was, however,
optimistic and confirmed the initial commitment of the military junta to
prepare for elections and return power to civilian rule.
The North of Mali is a zone over which the government exerts limited
control, which exposes the region to groups and activities on the margin of
the law (smugglers, migrants, traffickers, combatants). Mali however,
cooperates closely in the area of security with all its Northern neighbours
(Mauritania, Algeria and Niger) and American troops are known to hold
regular military training exercises with the Malian army in the North.
In the second half of 2005, Mali repeatedly figured in the limelight of
international media because of its many citizens involved in clandestine
migration to Europe via the Spanish enclaves in Morocco, both as
migrants and organisers. The Ivory Coast crisis is perceived as having
contributed to increased migration towards Europe because of the
generally reduced capacity in the sub-region to absorb traditional seasonal migration. Unemployment, porous borders and insufficient social
and economic investments are major development challenges to be
addressed in order to reduce the incentives for migration.
In 2004, rainfalls were scarce and erratic. In addition, the Northern
parts of Mali were heavily affected by a locust invasion. Thus, from June
until October 2005, which corresponds to the bridge period between the
Primarily the re-routing of export and import from the port of Abidjan to the ports of Tema (Ghana), Lomé (Togo) and
Dakar (Senegal).
Just before the military coup, in June 2005, a military post on the border between Mali and Mauritania was attacked and
a few people killed. The attack was believed to have been carried out by the Algerian “Groupe Salafiste Pour le Combat,
le Salut et la Prédication” (GSPC) but there have also been rumours about involvement of Algerian Intelligence Service.
Not unlike the process which took place in Mali between March 1991 and May 1992.
Much of the clandestine migration from the whole of Central and Western Africa goes via Northern Mali and Southern
Algeria with the tacit or active support of individual members of Mali’s nomadic Northern population groups.
depletion of food reserves from previous year’s harvest and the current
year’s harvest, there were fears of widespread famine in Mali, similar to
the situation in neighbouring Niger. But, with the exception of limited
pockets of severe food shortage, the situation never became as dramatic
in Mali. The Commission for Food Security, together with the WFP,
UNICEF and key NGO partners, followed the situation closely and took
remedial actions. This included food distribution, establishment of
nutrition centres and cereal price regulation, which kept the situation
under control.
2.2 Political Evolution and Events in Mali during 2005
Mali’s domestic political life displayed continued stability. However, in
connection with a soccer game between Togo and Mali in April 2005,
which Mali lost, riots broke out, followed by widespread damage of shops,
restaurants, streetlights and vehicles. Beyond the deception with Mali’s
national soccer team, these events were perceived as a strong expression of
popular discontent with the economic and employment situation and thus,
indirectly, with the government. Under the seemingly calm surface, there
is a high degree of frustration, particularly among the youth, which needs
to be taken seriously by politicians and authorities.
In June 2005, there was a slight change in the composition of the
government. The Minister for the Promotion of Women, Children and
the Family and the Minister for Youth and Sport were replaced. The
former was perceived to under-perform (but there were also political
reasons, linked to the role of her party in the coalition government)
whereas the latter was removed primarily because of Mali’s disastrous
performance in the Soccer World Championship qualifications and
mismanagement of FIFA funds received for that purpose.
The positioning for the up-coming presidential and parliamentary
elections in 2007 came to the fore in the latter part of 2005. Party
coalitions were reformed or confirmed and high-level politicians toured
the country to inaugurate investments and development projects. The
most significant change in the political landscape was the announced
end to “consensus politics”, which has been the trademark of Mali’s
political life since the coming to power of the President Amadou Toumani Touré (ATT). When constituting the “Secretariat” of Mali’s
parliament in October 2005, the RPM, which is the party of the present
Chairman of the Parliament and former presidential candidate (2002)
Ibrahim Boubacar Keita (IBK), was forced out by a coalition of eight
other parties. The RPM subsequently declared itself “in opposition”. It
is expected that IBK will run again for presidency in 200710.
In December 2005, Mali hosted the Africa – France Summit It was
considered to be a success in terms of organisation and logistics with 26
Mali thereby also lost its chances to qualify for both the World Championship and the Africa Cup of Nations.
The Minister for Promotion of Women, Children and the Family, Mme BERTHE AISSATA BENGALY, was replaced by Mme
M’BODJI SENE and the Minister for Youth and Sport, M. MOUSSA BALA DIAKITE, was replaced by M NATIE PLEA.
This so-called “Bureau” consists of the Chairperson of the Parliament, the 1st up to 8th vice chairpersons, two
treasurers and 8 parliamentary secretaries (19 persons in all).
Le Rassemblement Pour le Mali (RPM).
However, the two RPM ministers in the government did not withdraw from their seats, which undermines the credibility
of RPM’s position. This concerns Mme Maiga Zeinab Mint Youba, Minister of Health, and M. Nancouma Keita, Minister of
the Environment.
10
IBK was the Prime Minister under the former President Alpha Oumar Konaré (currently the Secretary General of the
African Union) and at the time a member of the same political party, ADEMA. IBK’s current party, the RPM, was formed
following ADEMA’s inability to appoint one joint presidential candidate in 2002, when Alpha Oumar Konaré stepped down
after completing his two constitutional periods.
Heads of State from Africa and France and a total of 52 African countries represented. The official theme of the summit was “the Youth” but
other critical questions such as the increasingly visible migration towards
Europe and a number of on-going crises on the continent were supposedly addressed at the margin of the official programme.
2.3 Democratic Governance and Human Rights11
Serious violations of the rights of women and children continue to be
widespread in Mali but receive only limited attention by media, civil
society and the authorities. Whereas there was a slight increase in
media coverage of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) during 2005,
primarily in connection with international events such as February 6th
and March 8th 12, little progress or political initiative can be noted in
the area of women’s rights. Mali has ratified a number of international
conventions on women’s rights, which have not yet been translated into
national legislation13. Public resistance to any advance with regard to
women’s rights remains high, reinforced by a strong interaction between tradition and religion, and the political will to face this resistance appears very limited.
Corruption continues to be widespread at all levels of the public
administration. In the last report (CPI 2005) by Transparency International (TI), Mali was ranked as number 88 out of 158 countries, with a
score of 2.9 on a scale from 10 = highly clean, to 0 = highly corrupt.
This is a decline from 2004, when Mali was ranked number 77 with a
score of 3.2, and from number 78 with a score of 3.0 14 in 2003. Overall
trends of corruption are difficult to assess. Public opinion generally
perceives corruption to be on the increase and a number of corruption
related stories received media coverage during 200515. Few, however, are
subject to judicial action.
In 2005, the new institution of the Vérificateur Général (“Auditor
General”) became operational and identified a number of priority “files”
for investigation16. With sufficient political and public support, this could
potentially make a difference. The first annual report is due early 2006.
Its reception by the government and the public will provide an indication
of the effectiveness of this new institution.
During 2005, a number of reforms aiming to strengthen democratic
governance were launched. The 10-year programme to reform the public
administration (PDI17), which was approved in 2003, was complemented
with its first three-year plan of action for the period 2005–2008. It is now
under implementation. A major aspect of the PDI is its objective to
accelerate the processes of decentralisation and deconcentration. This
11
See also the “Report on Human Rights in Mali 2005” by the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
(www.manskligarattigheter.gov.se).
12
February 6th is the International Day against FGM and March the 8 th is the International Day for Women.
13
The February 2006 report from the CEDAW Committee is very explicit in this regard, urging Mali to accelerate legal
reforms, which will guarantee the same rights for women and men in all aspects of life. CEDAW stands for the
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women.
14
It is worth noting that two thirds of all TI rankings are below the score of 4.0 and that most of Sida’s partner countries in
Africa receive a score between 2 and 3, with very little difference between them.
15
Trafficking of Ivorian cotton, mismanagement of FIFA funds by the Malian Soccer Federation, bribes related to the
receipt of grades and degrees in the education system and kickbacks on public works and procurement (including on
agricultural input goods).
16
This includes the “Malian Housing Bank” (la Banque Malienne de l’Habitat), the Directorate for Public Procurement (la
Direction de Passation des Marchés) and its procedures, VAT reimbursement cases, the Customs Directorate and the
management of various customs and tax exemptions.
17
Programme de Développement Institutionnel (PDI)
reform was launched already in 1993 and should be complete by 2007.
However, very little has been implemented up till present.
In parallel, and as a major component of the PDI, a five-year action
plan for improved Public Finance Management (PFM) was approved in
June 2005, after wide stakeholder consultations. Certain preparatory
activities are under way as per the end of 2005 whereas actual implementation should start in 2006, funded via the state budget.
2.4 Macro-Economic Development and Economic Reforms
As per IMF and Government estimates in June 2006, the GDP growth in
2005 was 6.1%. This is above the targets set under Mali’s current agreement with the IMF (5.4%) while below the targets in Mali’s Poverty Reduction Strategy (6.7% average annual growth). However, it is a significant
improvement compared to 2004, when growth was only 2.2%. The
improved growth stems primarily from increased world market prices and
production of gold but also from increased cereal production.
Despite more optimistic trends, the Malian economy still faces some
critical challenges. Under IMF’s so-called “Article IV Consultations”,
offering a medium term perspective on the Malian Economy, which took
place in October 2005, the emphasis was on the following aspects:
– a considerable increase in economic growth in order to generate
sufficient national revenue and budget resources to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs);
– an improved capacity to absorb external shocks (including a revisit of
the monetary regime);
– a sustainable policy on pricing and taxation of petroleum products;
– a reform of policies and strategies to ensure food security.
In terms of macro-economic stability, Mali did well in 2005 and met
most the WAEMU18 criteria, except for inflation which was unusually
high (6.1% compared to a WAEMU target of max 3%). This was explained by a short period of extremely high food prices during the threat
of a food crisis referred to above (actual food shortage was exacerbated
by speculation). Despite a more favourable context and significant efforts
by the government, the completion of the IMF April -05 review was
considerably delayed. Disagreement on Mali’s taxation policy on petroleum products was quoted as the main reason. As oil prices increased to
unprecedented levels, Mali chose to reduce taxes on the same, thus
avoiding increased consumer prices, which could have negatively affected the economic performance in general while also leading to popular discontent. Mali’s domestic resource mobilisation is already below
WAEMU’s criteria. Since oil prices will most likely remain high, the
IMF considered this a structural risk, which needed to be addressed.
Despite below expectation revenues19 and an unplanned increase in
funding to the state owned cotton company20, budget execution in 2005
was globally deemed acceptable. The regular state budget was almost
18
West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
19
Explained by lower than expected tax and customs revenues, non-payment of dividends from state-owned companies,
delayed compensation for customs duties from the WAEMU and lower than expected general budget support from
certain donors.
20
A “subsidy” of FCFA 13.8 billion, which was recorded in the budget 2005, was later transformed into an “advance” (i.e. a
loan) of FCFA 20 billion for 2005 and another FCFA 8 billion for 2006. In light of CMDT’s shaky financial situation, it is
highly unlikely these loans will ever be reimbursed to the government.
entirely executed according to plan, whereas execution of the so-called
“Special Investment Budget” (BSI21) – funded primarily on external
resources – remains significantly below target, largely because of
cumbersome donor procedures. These constraints will shortly be
addressed through a joint framework for budget support, which has
been under development in 2005. Once finalised, it should allow for
increased alignment on Malian procedures and a conversion of program and project support (currently recorded on BSI) towards regular
budget support.
Economic reforms are slow despite continued commitment by the
government. This concerns all sectors22 but the major concern of both
the donor community and the government remains the integrated
parastatal cotton company (CMDT23). In December 2005, the government eventually approved a detailed “road map” for the privatisation
process, to be completed by the year 2008. The privatisation as such will
most likely be a loss making affair for the government of Mali, given that
the accumulated debts of the CMDT vis-à-vis the Malian state is estimated to amount to 75 billion CFA (approx. SEK 1.07 billion). In addition, several objectives need to be balanced in this process:
– long-term productivity versus short-term protection of cotton farmers,
existing production and government revenue;
– attractiveness for private (potentially foreign) investors versus existing
employment and protection of the environment;
– and, not least, the temperature of public opinion in light of upcoming
elections in 2007.
The price mechanism which the CMDT, the government and the
producers agreed upon in late 2004, has been applied in 2005 (with a
very conservative price to farmers of FCFA 160 per kilo of cotton grain)
but has not entirely succeeded in protecting the state budget from having
to contribute to CMDT’s liquidity needs (as per footnote 20 above).
Despite measures to reduce the costs of CMDT’s operations, it continues
to make losses and to accumulated debt. For the 05/06 season, losses are
estimated to 7.5 billion CFA, to be compared with 53 billion CFA in
04/05, before the application of the new price mechanism.
Mali’s external debt increased in 2005, from 63.1% to 67.5% of GDP.
However, towards the end of 2005, the IMF announced that it would
cancel Mali’s entire debt within the framework of the Multilateral Debt
Relief Initiative (MDRI). The World Bank (WB) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) are expected to follow shortly but this initiative will
only have an effect on the 2006 budget.
The fight against poverty and the implementation of Mali’s PRS
Mali suffers from limited financial and institutional capacity to measure
and analyse trends with regard to poverty. The database resulting from
the extensive poverty mapping survey that took place in 2001 (EMEP24)
has not yet been fully exploited and could still contribute to an improved
21
Budget Spécial d’Investissement (BSI)
22
Including but not limited to: restructuring and privatisation of state owned banks, adjustment of the civil servant pension
fund, granting of ownership/user rights in “Office de Niger” and restructuring of the water and electricity company (EDM).
23
La Compagnie Malienne de Développement Textile
24
Enquête Malienne d’Evaluation de la Pauvreté (EMEP)
10
understanding of the extent and character of poverty in Mali. The latest
population census was conducted in 1998. It is questionable how fair a
picture this data provides of the present size and composition of the
population. Birth and death registration in Mali is very erratic. In 2003,
a so-called “light poverty survey” (ELIM25) was conducted. It actually
indicated that many households perceived an improvement in their living
conditions between 2001 and 2003, manifested for example by an
increase in assets (land, cattle, radios, bicycles, etc.)
During 2005, the WB conducted several studies on the state of
poverty in the cotton growing areas in Southern Mali. The results
strongly contradicted popular perceptions of the “South” as a comparatively rich area26. On the contrary, poverty appears more widespread in
the South than in other areas, both in monetary terms (partly explained
by high indebtedness of farmers and depressed cotton prices) and in
social terms (e.g. malnutrition levels of children).
Preparations are underway for at least two important surveys in 2006,
which should contribute to an improved understanding of the evolution
of poverty in Mali over the last five years, namely the fourth Health and
Demography Survey (EDSM IV27) and another ELIM.
Mali’s first joint28 review of the implementation and results of its
Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) strategy was held in June 2006,
covering the period from 2002–2005. Despite lack of data allowing for
a real analysis of the poverty situation29 and weak mechanisms for
monitoring the results of reform programmes linked to the PRS, the
various stakeholders, including the donors, were generally positive to
the review. It forms the basis for systematic, transparent and participatory follow-up of the PRS and is thus a mechanism for gradual and
continuous improvement.
A shortlist of 46 PRS results and impact indicators, drawn from
Mali’s own PRS follow-up framework, is attached to this report (annex
3). These indicators point to continued investment in basic social infrastructure and thus improved access to e.g. health and education services.
However, the quality and actual utilisation rate of these services leave
much to desire. For example, whereas enrolment rates have improved,
drop-out rates remain high and the gap between completion rates of girls
and boys appears to increase. Impact indicators in the area of health can
only be credibly assessed after the completion of EDSM IV in 2006.
The major recommendations from the PRS review, subsequently
adopted by the government, were the following:
– give more priority to the productive sectors, including a re-allocation
of budget resources;
– improve statistics and poverty analysis;
– improve domestic resource mobilisation by reforming fiscal policy;
– accelerate the decentralisation process;
25
Enquête Légère Intégrée auprès de Ménages (ELIM)
26
The “South” has enjoyed quite high investments in economic and social infrastructure over many years because of the
presence of the cotton company CMDT, which mandate also included social development in the cotton growing areas.
27
EDSM = Enquête sur la Démographie et la Santé au Mali. The latest health survey, EDSM III, was conducted in 2001.
28
Involving the government with its different sectoral ministries, the private sector, civil society, local government and the
donor community.
29
Based on projections from existing data (Population Census 1998, EMEP 2001, GDP growth and inflation), the PRS
Review Report suggests a decrease in poverty from 64% in 2001 to 59% in 2005; to be compared with the objective of
48% set by the PRS.
11
– align PRS and sectoral reviews on the budget cycle to allow for
annual adjustments in the allocation of resources;
– improve the PRS monitoring framework, including relevant indicators and targets;
– harmonise PRS objectives and indicators with the MDGs30;
– enlarge the participatory process around the PRS.
Early October 2005, the government approved the ToRs for the development of Mali’s next PRS (2007–2011). The formulation, consultations
and approval processes should be completed during 2006. The timetable
is extremely tight, which is not quite compatible with the expressed ambition of conducting a highly participatory process, including stocktaking,
data collection and analysis. However, given the upcoming elections in
2007, the present government seems determined to finalise the new PRS
before the election campaign takes off. New priority areas, which need to
be integrated in the next PRS, are (inter alia) growth and diversification
strategies, HIV/AIDS prevention, a stronger human rights focus, improved food security31, the fight against corruption, a much improved
and crosscutting gender and environmental analysis.
2.5 The HIV/AIDS situation in Mali
The HIV/AIDS prevalence in Mali is low. The official figure is 1.7%
(EDSM III in 2001) although statistics from limited samples of people
coming for voluntary testing indicate a prevalence level of above 2% in the
general population. The prevalence is significantly higher in particularly
vulnerable groups, such as sex workers (31%) and truck drivers (3.1%). These
facts, together with other risk factors such as high levels of migration,
widespread gender based violence and unresolved conflicts in neighbouring
countries, expose Mali to the risk of rapid spreading of HIV/AIDS.
In order to manage the situation, Mali has created the National Council to Fight HIV/AIDS (HCNLS32). It is composed of representatives of the
public and private sector and civil society. It is formally chaired by the
President of the Republic, seeking to demonstrate top-level commitment.
Between the bi-annual meetings of the HCNLS, an Executive Secretariat
takes responsibility for coordinating national operations to prevent HIV/
AIDS, based on the internationally recognized principle of the “Three
Ones”: One national framework, One coordination mechanism and One
monitoring and evaluation mechanism.
During 2005, the HIV/AIDS Secretariat concluded major funding
agreements with the Global Fund (GF), the WB and the AfDB. Thus,
funding appears no longer to be a constraint, but capacity is still severely
constrained. Ironically, it appears that the projects put in place by the
WB and the GF contribute to draining some of the scarce capacity
required for coordination of the national response to the pandemic.
Critical voices have been raised against the WB/GF approach, including
by the Netherlands and Sweden.
30
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
31
Despite the government’s speedy handling of the temporary food crisis in July/August 2005, the fact remains that large
portions of Mali’s population are exposed to structural food insecurity and permanent malnutrition, especially children
under five. Policies and reform programs aiming at increased agricultural production are urgently called for but will not
alone solve the problem. National polices in health, education and nutrition must simultaneously be developed and
vigorously implemented. A sustainable reduction of children’s malnutrition rates will likewise be dependant on a
significant change in the status of women, being the principal caretakers of the children.
32
Le Haut Conseil National de Lutte contre le SIDA
12
2.6 The Development Cooperation Context
During 2005, Sweden put strong emphasis on the implementation of the
“Aid Effectiveness Agenda”, as reflected in the Paris Declaration from
February 2005. Mali is a signatory to the Declaration and has established
a task team attached to the President’s Office, but no consolidated initiative vis-à-vis the donors or the line ministries has yet been taken. Despite
weak leadership “at home”, Mali continues to be active in international
fora for follow-up of the Paris Declaration. There are also encouraging
“bottom-up” developments in several (sub-) sectors, including:
– attempts to formulate a Joint Financing Arrangement ( JFA) for
budget support;
– increased alignment on national procedures in the Health and Education sectors via the development of a sectoral budget support modality;
– attempts to formulate a sector programme in the area of “Access
Drinking Water”;
– the approval of a national PFM action plan which will be funded via
the state budget.
On the donor side, the interest in the Aid Effectiveness Agenda likewise
appears limited and leadership is seriously lacking in many donor harmonisation processes. Among the bi-laterals, it is primarily the Netherlands,
Canada, Switzerland and Sweden which try to move the aid effectiveness
agenda forward. The multi-laterals remain quite timid. However, donor
coordination has improved during 2005. The monthly donor meetings for
Heads’ of Agencies have become more structured and a Troika33 has been
put in place with the aim to strengthen leadership, ensure continuity over
time and to pursue dialogue between the monthly meetings.
33
The troika is composed of the former, present and future chairperson of the “Heads’ of Mission and Agency Donor
Group”. At the end of 2005, the troika was composed of UNICEF (former chair), Sweden (present chair) and EU-DEC
(future chair). The rotation takes place on a 6 months basis.
13
3.Swedish-Norwegian
Development
Cooperation
with Mali
– Overall assessment of the
Country Programme
3.1 Implementation of the Country Plan
The Country Plan for 2005–2007 was the first consolidated attempt to
translate the Country Strategy 2004–2006 into a coherent portfolio of
development cooperation contributions. Given a very limited active
portfolio by the end of 2004, and a doubling of allocated resources for
2005, the Country Plan 2005–07 was by definition very tentative in its
nature. There have since been continuous adjustments in planned
interventions and amounts, but the overall strategic orientations have
been confirmed.
Total disbursements in 2005 were SEK 212 million (including SEK 2.1
million channelled via Swedish NGOs under the so-called “NGO appropriation” and SEK 1.3 million under the appropriation for “humanitarian
assistance”)34. Norway contributed a total of SEK 50 million which was
proportionally distributed over the three sub-sectors Norway co-funds with
Sweden, namely Education, Democratic Governance and Sustainable
Natural Resources Management (see annex 1 and 2 for more details).
General Budget Support (GBS), together with the SWAps in Health
and Education, were planned to absorb about 90% of the country frame
(SEK 165 million, out of available SEK 180 million) whereas final
disbursements for these two sectors amounted to SEK 185 million35, or
90% of total disbursements (including significant over planning). Funding for the areas of “Democratic Governance & Human Rights” and
“Sustainable Management of Natural Resources” – with a crosscutting
emphasis on decentralisation and women’s rights – were planned to
absorb about 10% each of available funding – while at the same time
being the most dialogue intensive. However, project preparation in these
two areas was slower than expected which is why only SEK 19 million,
or 9% of total disbursements, were made under these two thematic areas.
The lengthy project preparation processes during 2005 have been a
good learning experience for Sida, which had somewhat under-estimated
the time and human resources required to build up partnerships in a new
country of cooperation. This is particularly true for support to government
agencies with whom there is no prior relationship and for which Sida
34
This should be compared to an allocated amount under the so-called “country frame” of SEK 180 million. Final
disbursements on the “country frame” were thus about 16% higher than planned.
35
Towards the end of the year, it was suggested to re-allocate an additional amount of SEK 20 million in general budget
support to help Mali bear the consequences of external shocks in 2004.
14
requires an assessment of procurement systems and financial management
capacity. In the context of the on-going decentralisation process in Mali,
the political and institutional landscape is not always complete nor clear,
which has also contributed to extend the assessment phase. Sida’s own
internal organisation, with a division of roles and responsibilities between
the Section for Development Cooperation (SDC) in Mali, technical
departments at Sida-HQs and several regional advisers has, together with
unavoidable staff turnover, also contributed to delaying the process.
During 2006, these weaknesses will be addressed and major preparation activities will be completed, which will – hopefully – result in a wellstructured and focussed cooperation program with Mali that can serve
as a basis for on-going policy dialogue in close coordination and complementarity with other donors in the country.
3.2 Prioritised Dialogue Issues in 2005
Mali and Sweden-Norway held their first “Annual Consultations” in May
2005, jointly chaired by Mali’s Director for Development Cooperation36
and Sida’s Director for the Africa Department37. The consultations took
place over two days and were characterised by open dialogue, albeit with
certain diplomatic constraints regarding the final formulation of the
Agreed Minutes. Both parties declared satisfaction with the outcome of the
meeting. Our Malian partners characterised Sweden-Norway as a “young
and dynamic development cooperation partner”, which strategic priorities
were confirmed as relevant for the development of Mali. Mali agreed to
take note of shared priorities with regard to the promotion of Women’s
Rights, the ABC-approach 38 to preventing HIV/AIDS and the continued
fight against corruption. No major changes in orientation or allocation of
funds were proposed. It was finally agreed that in the future, the annual
multi-donor meetings to review the implementation and priorities under
the PRS, would replace Sweden’s bi-lateral annual consultations.
During 2005, the SDC also devoted significant time to its role as
chairperson in the donor group from October 05 to March 06. During its
mandate, Sweden has put strong emphasis on improved donor coordination, both at thematic/sectoral level and at the genera (“Head of Agencies”)
level, shared priorities and joint dialogue with the government.
36
Ambassador Boubacar Sidiki Touré
37
Ms. Lotta Sylwander
38
Abstain, Be Faithful, use Condoms (ABC)
15
4.Specific Country
Programme Overview
of the Swedish Norwegian
Development Cooperation
39
4.1 Budget Support and Public Financial Management39
In the spirit of the Paris Declaration and against the background of
Mali’s slow but steady progress in terms of macro-economic stability,
PRS monitoring and reform40, the SDC developed a proposal for a threeyear (2005–2007) agreement on General Budget Support (GBS). The
GBS was meant to support the implementation of Mali’s PRS and help
Mali absorb the effects of a number of simultaneous external shocks in
200441. It was presented to Sida’s Project Committee in October 2005.
The reaction was overall favourable but the SDC was tasked to revise the
amounts slightly, to reduce the agreement period to two years42 and to
complement the analysis in the areas of institutional capacity and budget
analysis. By mid-December 2005, Sweden entered into a two-year
(2005–2006) agreement with Mali on GBS for a total amount of MSEK
150 out of which MSEK 70 was disbursed for the 2005 budget. The
performance assessment framework (PAF) for Sweden’s budget support to
Mali includes four main areas:
– macro-economic performance (as per IMF assessments),
– implementation of the PFM action plan,
– improved PRS monitoring and a participatory national process
leading to the formulation of the next PRS,
– continued reform of the cotton sector and privatisation of CMDT.
As the work on a Joint Financing Arrangement ( JFA) for budget support
progresses, the Swedish PAF, at present closely coordinated with those of
the Netherlands and France, will be entirely merged with the joint PAF,
which is under development.
39
See also the draft Country plan 2006–2008 and actual disbursements in annex.
40
Not least, the decisions during 2005 to launch or strengthen a number of key reforms notably the PDI, the PFM action
plan, the CMDT privatisation and continued decentralisation.
41
Including the Ivory Coast crisis, depressed cotton prices, depreciation of the dollar against the Euro (and thus against the
FCFA), etc., all of which affected negatively both the income and expenditure side of Mali’s budget in 2004 and in 2005.
42
While awaiting Mali’s new PRS in 2007 as well as Sweden’s new country strategy in 2006. The JFA for GBS which has
been under discussion in 2005 is expected to be finalised in 2006.
16
4.2 Democratic Governance and Human Rights
The Country Plan 2005–2007 identified democratic governance at the
local level as one of the most important challenges to continued democratisation and efficient public administration. During the first part
of 2005, the SDC, together with Sida-DESA, therefore conducted
several studies and workshops to explore how Sweden-Norway could
support this theme, while also taking into account the need for efficient contribution management. The recommendations, which came
out of this consultative process, were in favour of support to a partnership of four like-minded international NGOs43. These NGOs are
already active in the area of Local Democratic Governance (LDG)
with well-established local partnerships. Natural Resources Management (NRM) emerged as the preferred focal area for improved LDG,
since NRM is the source of many local conflicts and an area in which
the transfer of resources and responsibilities to municipalities has not
yet made much progress. All four NGOs will continue to work within
their existing programs but will gradually establish a joint platform for
learning, action and advocacy.
The second major contribution within the area of democratic Governance is a thematic support to UNICEF’s Child Protection Program in
Mali. Sweden-Norway supports two (out of four) components, namely the
“Child Protection” proper and the “Promotion of a Human Rights
Culture”. Through this programme, the SDC will seek to join hands
with UNICEF for intensified policy dialogue in key areas of Women’s
Rights such as a revision of the Family Code, a Law against Female
Genital Mutilation (FGM)44, institution building support to the Ministry
for the Promotion of Women, Children and the Family and a strengthened gender analysis under Mali’s new PRS.
4.3 Education
Sweden and Norway have made support to Mali’s 10-year national
education strategy PRODEC45 (1999–2008) a top priority in their development cooperation with Mali. Sweden entered into a delegated partnership with the NL for support to the first phase of the Education Sector
Investment Programme (PISE I: 2001–2004) in 2002. This agreement
ended in December 2004. As the preparations for the second phase of
the programme (PISE II, now planned for 2006–2008) were delayed, it
was decided to extend the existing agreement with one year, until December 2005, and to allocate an additional amount of SEK 80 million
for 2005. These funds were disbursed in two tranches during 2005. The
second tranche was significantly delayed since one criterion for disbursement was the finalisation of PISE II. Sweden-Norway intends to continue
to support PISE II (2006–2008) via sector budget support (SBS), which
will be the preferred modality for the second phase.
In February 2005, the Netherlands Embassy in Bamako was invited
to Stockholm for the annual bi-lateral meeting under the delegated
partnership and to discuss the experiences from three years of delegated
cooperation between the two countries in the Education sector. Overall,
the Netherlands and Sweden are very pleased with this arrangement and
43
The four NGOs are SNV from the Netherlands, Helvetas from Switzerland, Norwegian Church Aid from Norway and
Diakonia from Sweden.
44
The Ministry of Women, Children and the Family, with support of the Italian NGO “No Peace without Justice”, is preparing
a conference for February 2006, to re-launch the debate on a national law that explicitly forbids FGM. This could
constitute a first good opportunity for Sweden and UNICEF to develop a higher joint profile in this area.
45
Programme Décennal de Développement de l’Éducation (PRODEC)
17
concluded that delegated cooperation helps diminish the transaction
costs for the Malian government as well as for Sida.
4.4 Health46
Mali has a ten-year national strategy for development of the Health and
Social sectors (PDDSS47 1998–2007) but its implementation has been
significantly delayed. The first five-year plan of PDDSS implementation
(PRODESS I, 1998–2002) was extended up until 2005 to allow for an
improved preparation of PRODESS II (2005–2009). A change of Minister of Health in 2004 was seen as an important step towards improved
management of the sector and is one of the reasons behind the Swedish
decision to enter into the health sector in late 2004.
During the first half of 2005, Sweden informed the Malian Government
of the planned Swedish support to PRODESS II. The Netherlands’ (NL)
Embassy in Bamako was contacted for the preparation of a delegated cooperation arrangement, with the NL as the lead/vocal donor. Such arrangements are already in place in Burkina Faso in the Health Sector and in Mali
in the Education sector. Agreements on a one-year support (2005) to
PRODESS II of SEK 35 million were finalised towards the end of 2005.
Disbursements were made by mid-December, while allowing for the carrying over of funds to 2006. This short-term support to PRODESS II in 2005
should be seen as a bridge arrangement, awaiting the preparations of the
sector budget support (SBS) modality for the period 2006–2009.
4.5 Sustainable management of natural resources
As per the Swedish Country Strategy, the specific objective for support to
this thematic area is “to contribute to improved income and security for poor people,
particularly girls and women, through increased and sustainable productivity in the natural
resources sectors.” The strategy goes on to identify two prioritised sub-sectors,
namely integrated water resource management (IWRM) and forest management. Since there has been limited progress in the area of IWRM48 in Mali,
the Country Plan 2005 identified “access to drinking water” as a relevant
entry point for Sida to the broader question of IWRM. A significant difference can be noted between the two sub-sectors identified for Swedish support. Whereas there is notable progress in the area of “Access to Drinking
Water”, both in terms of policy development and actual implementation,
little has happened in the area of “Forest Management”.
Both water and forest management are legally part of the mandate
and responsibility of the municipalities since the decentralisation
reform was enacted in 1993 (La Loi d’Orientation). Thereafter, the
Government has been very slow in following up the law with the
necessary decrees and guidelines for its implementation, especially in
the area of natural resources management where stakes are perceived
as high. It is also true that the municipalities initially had very limited
capacity to take on these responsibilities.
The “Water Directorate” (DNH49) of the Ministry of Mines, Energy
and Water (MMEE50), has pursued a number of initiatives with regard to
46
This sector does not include Norwegian Funds.
47
Plan Décennal de Développement Sanitaire et Social (PDDSS)
48
Notably with regard to the development of an action plan for IWRM, the so-called PAGIRE (Plan d’Action pour la Gestion
Intégrée des Ressources en Eau).
49
La Direction de l’Hydraulique
50
Le Ministère des Mines, de l’Énergie et de l’Eau (MMEE)
18
the development and approval of national policies on water management
and monitoring during 200551. Donor coordination in the sector is improving and a study was launched to analyse the format and timetable for
developing a Sector Wide Approach programme (SWAp). Together with
selected municipalities, DNH has moved ahead and tested new models for
the transfer of responsibilities for existing water pumps and other installations to local government52. However, based on arguments related to
economies of scale and weak local capacity, there is still some resistance to
a total transfer, which would include fund management and procurement
for new installations or rehabilitation of existing installations.
In the area of forest management, it is yet difficult to see any real
political initiative to move towards implementing the decentralisation
policy. There is a number of interesting field experiences to capitalise on,
primarily among NGOs, but the government has not yet taken the lead
in disseminating and scaling up these activities. This will be one of the
objectives of the Swedish-Norwegian support to this area (see below).
During 2005, the SDC, with support of Sida-HQs and the regional
adviser in Senegal, pursued the analysis of existing preconditions for
support to the NRM “sector”. Two requests for support have been
submitted by the Malian Government. One request has come from
AMADER53, Mali’s autonomous rural energy agency, for support to a
project aiming at decentralised and sustainable forest management
(GEDEFET54). Whereas the objective of the request is entirely in line
with Swedish priorities for development with Mali, more analysis is
required of the institutional and political framework before the project
can be approved.
The DNH has requested support from Sweden for a water installation
rehabilitation project in the 3rd, 4th and 5th regions in Mali. The project
is ongoing since about three years with French funding via AFD55, which
expired in November 2005. Because of unforeseen increases in cost, quite
a large number of identified pumps and boreholes were not rehabilitated
as planned and there is continued strong demand from the municipalities
vis-à-vis the Regional Water Directorate to complete the process. Sida is
thus in the process of assessing the proposal, which is seen as a short-term
support while awaiting the formulation and launch of a pool funded
Drinking Water SWAp. Sida therefore considers potential support to
region 3, 4 and 5 as a learning experience for both Sida and DNH,
notably in the area of decentralisation.
As per the end of 2005, Sida only had one active agreement in the area
of natural resources, namely with the IUCN56 which runs a project called
PAGEIT. This project, co-funded with the NL, supports decentralised and
sustainable management of natural resources in the inner delta of the
Niger River, the second largest inland delta in Africa. The current agreement covers the period 2004–2007 and the total Sida support amounts to
SEK 5 million. The Swedish-Norwegian disbursement in 2005 was SEK
913,000. Since this is a relatively small contribution. Sida will therefore
51
A draft “National Water Policy” was subject to a stakeholder validation in May 2005; a “National Strategy for the
Monitoring of Water Resources” was in its final stages of formulation and the “National Strategy on Access to Drinking
Water” was in the process of being revised.
52
Currently, 241 out of 703 municipalities have received the delegation of power over water resources from the
Water Directorate.
53
Agence Malienne pour le Développement de l’Énergie Domestique et de l’Electrification Rurale (AMADER)
54
Gestion Décentralisée de la Forêt et des Energies Traditionnelles (GEDEFET)
55
L’Agence Françaises de Développement (AFD)
56
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
19
need to reflect on whether to expand or phase out this theme in its overall
portfolio. While relevant in the context of Sweden’s Country Strategy, the
specific objectives and implementation mechanisms of the project need to
be revised to justify continued Sida support. These questions will be
addressed during a mid-term review in 2006.
In the medium term, Sida and the Netherlands Embassy have expressed an interest in developing closer cooperation in the area of NRM.
A joint Swedish-Dutch mission to this effect visited Mali in October
2005. It explored the comparative advantages of Sweden and the NL
respectively, in light of Mali’s priorities, and made recommendations as
to the forms and timetable for closer cooperation. Sida and the NL
Embassy in Bamako will follow-up in 2006.
4.6 HIV/AIDS
In February 2005, the SDC received a joint mission from the HIV/AIDS
secretariat at Sida-HQs and the HIV/AIDS team in Lusaka, Zambia.
The mission made a rapid inventory of Malian policy and capacity in the
area of HIV/AIDS prevention as well as of the activities of other donors
and the role of civil society. The mission subsequently recommended the
SDC to provide support for institutional strengthening of the National
HIV/AIDS Secretariat57, especially in the area of deconcentration and
decentralisation. Swedish-Norwegian support would primarily be in the
form of funding for the establishment of regional offices of the national
Secretariat but may also include short or medium term technical assistance from other Sida partner countries in Southern and Eastern Africa
with a long track record in combating HIV/AIDS. This type of support
would be coherent with the crosscutting emphasis on decentralisation
elsewhere in the Swedish-Norwegian contribution portfolio and synergies
with other programs could be expected. During the mission, it was
agreed that the HIV/AIDS team in Lusaka should be responsible for the
initial and final preparation of the support.
However, due to limited capacity of both the SDC and the Malian
HIV/AIDS Secretariat58, the negotiations and further revision of the
initial request for support have not yet born fruit. During 2006, the
SDC, with the support of the HIV/AIDS team in Lusaka, will continue
the discussions with the Malian HIV/AIDS Secretariat while also
exploring other areas of intervention.
57
Le Secrétariat Exécutif du Haut Conseil National de Lutte contre le Sida (SE/HCNLS)
58
This limited capacity is in turn is partly explained by the set-up of a major WB and Global Fund funded HIV/AIDS program
which “hi-jacks” much of the Secretariat’s available resources.
20
5.Office and
Administrative Issues
At the end of 2005, the Section for Development Cooperation in Bamako had three sent-out staff: the Counsellor for Development Cooperation
(from August 2004), the Economist/Programme Officer for Budget
Support and PFM (from February 2004) and the Counsellor for Administration (from August 2005). A sent-out regional Programme Officer for
Democracy and Human Rights was recruited during 2005 to start in
January 2006. He will be based at the SDC in Bamako but will work
40% for the SDC Burkina and 10% on regional issues. A national
Programme Officer for Natural Resources Management was also recruited in 2005 and will likewise start in January 2006.
The SDC has also expanded its local administrative staff. A receptionist/book-keeper has been hired on a permanent basis (September 05)
in addition to the principal administrative assistant. Since the latter is on
long term sick leave, a replacement has been hired for 6 months (October
05 till March 06). During 2005, the SDC has frequently had to hire an
extra driver at times when the numbers of visitors (colleagues/consultants) peaked. In light of the expanded staff from 2006, a second driver is
considered necessary and will be recruited in 2006.
Since staff will almost double in 2006, the SDC will need to expand
its premises. No long-term solution has yet been found but in the meantime, the SDC has rented an apartment in the same building, which will
temporarily serve as a meeting room, archive/library, lunchroom and
office space for visitors. As more clarity is obtained on the implications of
the planned completion of the integration between Sida and the Swedish
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the field, the SDC will look into longerterm solutions.
During 2005, the SDC received a much-appreciated visit by Sida’s IT
service team. The ITC technology at the SDC has functioned well
during the first part of 2005 but appears vulnerable to an increase in the
number of users. A renewed visit and a revision of the existing equipment
are of utmost importance for 2006. At present, the SDC lack the technical possibilities to access Sida’s central system for contribution planning
and financial follow-up (PLUS) and is thus not in a position to receive the
foreseen so-called “partial delegation” of financial resources.
The SDC also received a visit of Sida’s internal auditors in September
2005. The office administration, with an emphasis on the management
and accounting of funds, was deemed “satisfactory” while a number of
areas for improvement were pointed out and will be followed-up in 2006.
21
In this context, it should be noted that the SDC only received a sent-out
staff position for administration in August 2005 whereas the audit
covered the period from October 2003 to June 2005.
22
23
50
154
882
0
0
8
38
528
1 660
0
0
1 660
266 635
75 000
191 635
175
227
994
46
9
39
122
490
2 103
1 288
1 288
3 391
211 819
49 684
162 135
01 Health
02 Education
04 HR & Democratic governance
05 Conflict, peace & security
07 Infrastructure
08 Trade, business & fin. syst
09 Natural resources&environm.
11 Other
15561 Non-governmental organisations
Total
15571 Humanitarian
assistance
06 Humanitarian assistance
15571 Humanitarian assistance
Total
Outside country allocation Total
Grand Total
Out of which: Norvegian Contribution
Out of which: Swedish Contribution
155004 Mali
Inside country allocation Total
15561 NonOutside country
governmental
allocation
organisations
35 500
100 000
30 745
0
11 400
80 000
5 330
2 000
264 975
264 975
35 001
80 000
18 021
0
1 348
70 000
3 438
619
208 428
208 428
01 Health
02 Education
04 HR & Democratic governance
08 Trade, business & fin. syst
09 Natural resources&environm.
10 Budget support poverty red.
11 Other / Admin. Costs
11 Other / No sector stated
Total
155004 Mali
Forecast 2006
Main Sector
Allocation Frame
Inside country
allocation
Allocation Account
Data
Outcome 2005
0
0
0
314 900
105 000
209 900
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35 500
100 000
32 100
0
20 100
110 000
4 700
12 500
314 900
314 900
Forecast 2007
“LIS 109 sheet 2”, showing disbursements one year back and plans for the present and the following two years, sorted by sector and sub sector.
Country Report
Annex 1:
151 HR &
Demo
01 Mali
I
P
A
A7200743
A7260315
A7260258
72603055 Diakonia Mali
2004-6
72603046 Bice Mali
2003-2006
72600416 Review Bice
Contribution ID and title
724
726
726
726
3
2
726
726
1
A
200601- 72300217 Mali Health
200906 sector support
200510- …. Extension NL
200606 agreement PRODESS I
724
Cmttee June 2006.
Swedish Initially implemented by Carter Centre; later to
Auth.? be integrated into the PDI
New agreement on UNICEF's "Child Protection
Programme" in Mali; from 2008 onwards
Bridge support to Diakonia until next phase of
LDG program, see below.
Local Democratic Governance - continuation
and expansion (?)
Review in 2006? (to help identify new sources of
funds?)
New agreement covering two out of four of
UNICEF's entire "Child Protection Programme"
726/SK in Mali
Local Democratic Governance (LDG), in
726/HB & partnership with four NGOs: SNV (lead),
PB
Helvetas, Diakonia, AEN
733
723
723
5
3
2
723
Netherlands.
200510- Access to drinking water
200706 in regions 3, 4 and 5
733
733
733
733
1
Country Programme Activity Schedule and Financial Planning for Mali
140 water P
Supply and
Sanitation
Developpement and
Implementation o a
PAGIRE / IWRM
I
A "Wetlands program" in
the Niger Delta
200510- 73000437 Fuelwood
200906 Mali (GEDEFET
NOUVEAU / DNCN)
P
733/KP
1
106 500 000
Silent partnership with Holland; Assessment of
new phase (PRODESS II) during 05-06; Sida
Project Cmttee June 2006.
25 000 000
25 167 544
Awaiting PROSEPA, Sida may fund a short term
water project with focus on decentralisation to
CTs and / or preparatory activities for
PROSEPA.
5 499 999
40 000 000
5 228 000
Support for the dev of a strategy for integrated
water resource mgnm (2007) its implementation
(2008) (?).
Support to the GoM to implement the Int.
Wetland Convention; involving several partners
(CTs, IUCN, Wetlands, etc.). In close coop / cofunded with NL.
Focus on decentralised forest mngm.
Assessment and decision during 2006.
521 500 000
35 000 000
Silent partnership with NL. One yr extension of
their existing agreement for PRODESS I
300 000 000
80 000 000
71 290 323
46 950 003
12 502 999
299 999
8 351 321
3 186 000
Human rights work
Percent of current year's total country allocation (incl. budget support)
Percent of current years total planned contributions for Mali (incl.budget support and overplanning)
A A7300724 200404- 73000489 IUCN Delta
4
Project called "PAGEIT", focusing on
200607 du Niger
Environment
decentralised mngm of natural resources in the
(?)
Niger delta area; co-funded 50/50 with the
110 and 120 (Social sectors / DESA) Total
120 Health
DAA Total = approx.
agreement amount
Children in distress (?)
HQ field Source of Description andPlanned Strategic Activities per
weeks field weeks contribution
2006
726
726
726
726
Resp.
Unit
includes Norwegian funds
Percent of current year's total country allocation (incl. budget support)
Percent of current years total planned contributions for Mali (incl.budget support and overplanning)
200501- ….Extension of PISE I
Extension of existing agreement with 50%
110
A
200606
increase of funding level.
Education
724
200601- 72000579 Education
Silent partnership with Holland; Assessment of
200906 PISE II
new phase (PISE II) during 05 - 06; Sida Project
…. UNICEF Mali 200812 (?)
… temporary support to
Diakonia in Mali
….. Local Democratic
Governance (contin.
200601- …. Access to
200812 Information
200510- ….. Local Democratic
200806 Governance
200508- 72600516 UNICEF Mali
200807 2005-7
200403200706
200310200706
200508200602
Agreem. ID Agreem.
Period
151 HR & Demo Total
Main Sector
Alloc
Account
Title
Country Programme Activity Schedule and Financial Planning Matrix
Updated by Camilla 2006-08-07
300 000
8 000 000
1 500 000
115 500 000
35 500 000
80 000 000
16 067 998
3 000 000
6 000 000
300 000
892 080
2 875 918
Country Plan 2005
167 544
0
268 056
912 540
64%
55%
115 001 414
35 001 414
80 000 000
10%
9%
18 020 998
13 450 000
803 000
0
892 080
2 875 918
Actual 2005
-100%
-97%
-39%
0%
-1%
0%
12%
348%
-87%
-100%
0%
0%
5 000 000
5 000 000
1 400 000
135 500 000
55%
51%
35 500 000
100 000 000
12%
11%
29 205 498
5 000 000
14 500 000
5 600 000
300 000
892 080
2 913 418
Difference Forecast 2006
comp. to
plan in 2005
10 000 000
500 000
8 000 000
1 600 000
135 500 000
49%
43%
35 500 000
100 000 000
12%
10%
32 100 000
2 000 000
5 000 000
19 000 000
6 100 000
Forecast 2007
10 000 000
5 000 000
5 000 000
10 000 000
135 500 000
45%
37%
35 500 000
100 000 000
11%
9%
32 000 000
25 000 000
7 000 000
Forecast 2008
The up-dated Country Plan and Matrix for 2006–2008, including planned and actual figures for 2005 (per Aug 6, 2006).
Country Plan and Matrix
Annex 2:
Status
24
2006-08-15
5 000 000
5 000 000
10 000 000
35 500 000
11%
10%
35 500 000
10%
9%
32 000 000
25 000 000
7 000 000
Forecast 2009
25
Contribution ID and title
200701- PROSEPA: sector
201112 program on access to
drinking water
Agreem. ID Agreem.
Period
733
Resp.
Unit
2
733/KP
A sector wide approach for the sub-sectors
drinking water and sanitation; may over time
integrate part or all aspects of a PAGIRE (?)
HQ field Source of Description andPlanned Strategic Activities per
weeks field weeks contribution
2006
990
P
… "The Enhancement
Fund"
…. Improved poverty
analysis and monitoring
200601- ….. HIV/AIDS
200906 prevention
200601200906
200601200712
200501- … "The Enhancement
200606 Fund"
A
1
2
381
381
381
211
212
215
132
Baseline and monitoring poverty data required
for Malis's new 5 yr period PRSP (07-11)
Yet un-identified: either inst support to
SE/HCNLS, or sth on "Youth and Reproductive
Health"
Studies, mapping, technical assistance,
seminars or short term support in prioritised
areas.
Same as above. Funds delegated to SDC from
2006.
From nov 2006 ?
2009 (3 years)
200701- …. Preliminary
200X…. Norwegian budget
support via Sweden
211
211
2
1
211
Percent of current year's total country allocation (incl. budget support)
Percent of current years total planned contributions for Mali (incl.budget support and overplanning)
510 General Budget Support Total
510
I
Norwegian
Gen. Budget
201106
9 Other Total
3
Percent of current year's total country allocation (incl. budget support)
Percent of current years total planned contributions for Mali (incl.budget support and overplanning)
200501- .. Budget Support 2005 510 General A
200906 2006 (2 years)
Budget
132
211
1
Support
I
200801- .. Budget support 2007 -
Unallocated /
unspecified
200506- NPO in Democratic
…..
Governance
P
4 and 140 Environment, Water and Sanitation (NATUR) Total
3
Percent of current year's total country allocation (incl. budget support)
Percent of current years total planned contributions for Mali (incl.budget support and overplanning)
910 Admin
A A2100234 199901- 21000065 Counsellor /
Costs
200508 PO Mali
212
38000000 PO Budget
Support / Social Sectors
212
200601- … RPO Mali in HR /
…..
Demo
From January 2006
212
200510- …..NPO in Natural
…..
Resosurce Mngm
From January 2006
212
Main Sector
Prel. Total Country plus General Budget Support Allocation
Prel. Norwegian General Budget Support Allocation
Prel. Total Country Allocation
Prel. Country Allocation (Norway), SEK
Prel. Country Allocation (Sida), SEK
Percentage share of Norwegian Funds in above sectors (incl. Prel. budgetsupport)
Grand Total for Sectors including Norwegian Funds (incl prel. budgetsupport)
Percentage share of Norwegian Funds in above sectors
Grand Total for Sectors including Norwegian Funds (excl. prel. budgetsupport)
Overplanning in relation to total country allocation (incl. Budget support)
Planned annual increase
Grand Total
Alloc
Account
Title
Status
1 642 738
1 800 000
1 166 304 508
400 000 000
0
245 000 000
0
179 683 569
245 000 000
179 683 569
170 000 000
263 485 498
26%
8%
142 605 498
53%
222 605 498
34%
75 000 000
5%
33%
30%
80 000 000
49 683 569
130 000 000
198 917 998 208 427 615
81%
16%
99 987 781
50%
169 987 781
29%
39%
34%
0
80 000 000
70 000 000
40%
40%
0
70 000 000
70 000 000
180 000 000
50 000 000
50 000 000
150 000 000
275 000 000
30 000 000
245 000 000
75 000 000
170 000 000
314 900 000
20%
15%
164 700 000
46%
274 700 000
38%
40%
35%
110 000 000
30 000 000
80 000 000
0
5 000 000
4 057 063
2%
2%
17 200 000
6%
5%
6 550 000
27 618 642
0
5 000 000
2 500 000
0
350 000
350 000
2 000 000
7 380 000
3%
3%
2 000 000
0
30 000
350 000
1 000 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
7%
6%
5%
4%
2 000 000
20 100 000
11 400 000
Forecast 2007
10 000 000
-38%
-75%
-9%
0%
-88%
Difference Forecast 2006
comp. to
plan in 2005
0
0
618 643
1 795 682
1 800 000
2 500 000
1 348 140
1%
1%
Actual 2005
10 800 000
Country Plan 2005
10 000 000
7 000 000
618 642
145 895 543
45 000 000
DAA Total = approx.
agreement amount
300 000 000
40 000 000
260 000 000
70 000 000
190 000 000
364 700 000
16%
22%
184 500 000
38%
324 500 000
34%
47%
38%
140 000 000
40 000 000
100 000 000
0
17 200 000
6%
5%
5 000 000
5 000 000
2 500 000
0
350 000
350 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
13%
11%
40 000 000
10 000 000
Forecast 2008
310 000 000
40 000 000
270 000 000
70 000 000
200 000 000
77%
70%
342 200 000
-6%
10%
62 000 000
113%
302 000 000
36%
240 000 000
40 000 000
200 000 000
4 700 000
2%
1%
350 000
350 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
10%
9%
30 000 000
10 000 000
Forecast 2009
Annex 3:
Indicators for Monitoring
of the PRS
Mali’s short-list of 46 indicators for monitoring of the PRS.
No
Indicateurs par secteur/Années
Objectif
2002
2003
2004
2005
6,1
CSLP
2006
UNE CROISSANCE ACCELEREE ET REDISTRIBUTIVE
Croissance accélérée soutenue
1
Taux de croissance réelle du PIB
2
Taux d’investissement global
6,7%
4,3%
7,4%
2,2%
22,7%
18,8%
26,03%
19,48%
-0,1%
0,1%
1,0%
0,1%
<3%
5%
-1,3%
-3,1%
-4,2%
-9,4%
-5,7%
Stabilité financière
3
Solde budgétaire de base sur PIB nominal
4
Taux d’inflation annuel
5
Solde extérieur courant hors dons sur PIB nominal
<=-8,5%
6
Taux de pression fiscale (norme ≥ 17)
>=16,4%
7
Ratio Service de la dette sur recettes d’exportation
13,4%
15,2%
15,4%
15,3%
14,0%
10,0%
Pauvreté
8
Incidence de la pauvreté monétaire
68,3%
-
-
9
Incidence de la pauvreté de conditions de vie (ou pauvreté de masse)
47,5%
63,8%
-
-
10
Pourcentage des dépenses budgétaires liées à la réduction de la
61,18%
57,78%
58,75%
40,0%
40,0%
40,0%
-
43,07
pauvreté
11
Indice de Gini (inégalité des revenus et consommation)
DEVELOPPEMENT INSTITUTIONNEL, AMELIORATION DE LA GOUVERNANCE ET DE LA PARTICIPATION
Gouvernance et participation
12
Taux de participation aux élections nationales et locales
13
Pourcentage des ressources des programmes de développe-
30,90
ment utilisées par la société Civile
14
Nombre d’enfants enregistrés à la naissance
246.277
Développement institutionnel
15
Pourcentage des ressources financières effectivement transférées aux collectivités décentralisées
16
Pourcentage des ressources financières transférées des
-
29,41%
administrations centrales aux services déconcentrés
Lutte contre la corruption
17
Perception du degré de corruption de l’Administration
13%
30%
32324
29837
Renforcement des capacités et de la crédibilité de la justice
18
Nombre de juges par habitant
DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN DURABLE ET RENFORCEMENT DE L’ACCES AUX SERVICES SOCIAUX DE BASE
Santé et démographie
19
Taux de mortalité des enfants de moins de 5 ans (pour 1000)
20
Taux de couverture vaccinale DTCP3 chez les enfants de moins
de 1 an
26
229,1
229,1
229,1
74%
79%
85%
59,2%
21
22
Taux de mortalité maternelle
582
-
-
Taux d’accouchement assistés
40,45%
42,00%
46,00%
% de population vivant dans un rayon de 5 Km d’un centre de
44,00%
46,00%
47,00%
santé fonctionnel
23
Nombre moyen de consultations prénatales par femme
2,49
-
1,98
2,10
54,35%
59,00%
69,00%
38,3%
-
-
1,9%
1,9%
1,9%
10,7%
10,23%
11,09%
94,30%
98,11%
100,00%
Taux brut de scolarisation au 1er cycle
64,34%
67,00%
70,50%
Taux brut de scolarisation au 1er cycle des filles
53,70%
56,40%
59,90%
21,3%
24,0%
Taux de couverture CPN
24
Pourcentage d’enfants de moins de 5 ans présentant une
insuffisance pondérale
25
Taux de prévalence VIH/SIDA parmi les femmes enceintes âgées
de 15 à 24 ans
26
Part du budget de la santé dans le budget de l’État
27
Taux d’exécution du budget ordinaire alloué à l’achat de médicaments et de vaccins
Education
28
29
Taux d’alphabétisation des 15 ans et plus
30
Part du budget de l’Education dans le budget d’État
29,00%
29,60%
29,15%
31
Taux d’exécution du budget ordinaire alloué à l’achat de
99,56%
99,74%
99,54%
72,1
67
57
20,00%
19,80%
19,00%
81,6%
81,4%
83,04%
7,5%
9,1%
4,9%
7,1%
9,0%
2.583.816
3.380.885
2.977.937
5.157
7.048
8.498
111.918
85.173
111.284
2830,73
2473,11
4068,75
matériels didactiques
32
Ration élèves/maître au 1er cycle (public)
33
Pourcentage des redoublants au 1er cycle
Eau potable
34
Pourcentage de villages bénéficiaires d’au moins 1 point d’eau
potable
Participation des femmes
35
Proportion de femmes bénéficiant de microcrédit
Emploi
36
Taux de chômage
DEVELOPPEMENT DES INFRASTRUCTURES DE BASE ET SECTEURS PRODUCTIFS
Production agricole, alimentation et nutrition
37
Production céréalière totale (en milliers de tonnes)
38
Superficies (ha) aménagées en maîtrise totale de l’eau
39
Production de coton fibre (tonnes)
Gestion des ressources naturelles
40
Superficies reboisées (ha)
Transport/communication/énergie
41
Nombre de Km de routes en terre construites (entretenues)
5976
5550
5834
42
Nombre de Km de routes bitumées construites (entretenues)
3024
2950
3307
43
Taux d’exécution du BSI (financement intérieur) alloué à
100,42%
98,41%
100,00%
12,0%
13,0%
14,13%
l’entretien routier
44
Nombre de villages branchés sur un réseau téléphonique
45
Taux d’électrification
Industrie et Commerce
46
Taux de transformation interne du coton
0,8%
27
Other Relevant
Reference Documents
The Strategy for Swedish Development Cooperation with Mali 2004–2006
(approved in Sept 2004; subsequently extended to cover also 2007).
The Country Plan for Development Cooperation with Mali 2005–2007
( January 2005).
The revised Country Plan for Development Cooperation with Mali
2006–2008 (August 2006).
Sida Country Report 2004 (April 2005).
Sida semi-annual report on development cooperation with Mali (Nov 05).
The Swedish MFA’s Report on Human Rights in Mali .
(www.manskligarattigheter.gov.se).
The Memo on Sida’s suggested General Budget Support to Mali 2005
and 2006 (Dec 05).
Agreed Minutes from the First Annual Swedish/Norwegian – Malian
Consultations (May 2005).
Report from the visit of Sida’s internal auditors to the SDC Mali (Sept 05).
Reference Document and Final Report on Mali's first PRS Review
( June 06).
28
Halving poverty by 2015 is one of the greatest
challenges of our time, requiring cooperation
and sustainability. The partner countries are
responsible for their own development.
Sida provides resources and develops knowledge
and expertise, making the world a richer place.
SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY
SE-105 25 Stockholm Sweden
Phone: +46 (0)8 698 50 00
Fax: +46 (0)8 20 88 64
[email protected], www.sida.se