class terms

FROM COPERNICUS TO NEWTON:
THE ORIGINS OF MODERN SCIENCE
TERMS FOR WEEK 5
Réné Descartes, (1596-1650)
Tours, La Flèche
University of Poitiers
Isaac Beekman (1588-1637)
Gisbert Voet (1589-1676), Rector of the University of Utrecht
Queen Christina of Sweden
Le Monde (1632)
Discours de la Methode (1637)
La dioptrique, Les météores, La géometrie
Meditationes de prima philosophiae (1641)
Principia philosophiae (1644)
cogito, ergo sum (je pense, donc je suis)
Aristotle, Scholasticism
extension & thought
scientia
dubito, ergo Deus est
Cartesianism
Bernard de Fontenelle (1657-1757)
Entretiens sur la Pluralité des Mondes (1686)
L’Ésprit géometrique
mechanics
Pierre Simon de LaPlace (1749-1827)
Je n’avais pas besoin de cette hypothèse là
Joseph Louis LaGrange (1736-1813)
astronomy
relativism, Einstein
optics
Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618-1663) - wave theory of light
University of Bologna
Christian Huygens (1629-1695)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - microscope
biology
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1681)
De motu animalium (1680-81)
Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) - circulation of the blood
John Ray/Wray (1628-1705)
Historia generalis plantarum, 3 vols. (1686, 1688, 1704)
pneumatics
Evangelista Toricelli (1608-1647) - barometer (1643)
Continued on back
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) - vacuum
Otto von Guericke (1602-1687) - air pump (1650)
Huygens - pendulum clock (1656)
chemistry
Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
Corpuscular chemistry
Origins of Forms and Quantities (1667)
Mechanical Origins of Heat and Cold (1675) - Boyle’s Law
The Skeptical Chemist (1680)
mathematics
analytical geometry
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz (1646-1716)
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge
Royal Society
Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
Optics (1704)
annus miribilis 1666
calculus, binomial theorem, particle theory of light, gravitation
Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (1687)
Edmund Halley
1) bodies at rest tend to stay at rest, and bodies in motion tend to stay in motion, unless acted on
by an outside force
2) change in force is proportional to change in motion
(Modern version - force = mass x accelleration)
3) every action has an equal and opposite reaction