Grammaire anglaise - Portail Pédagogique de l`Université d`Evry
Transcription
Grammaire anglaise - Portail Pédagogique de l`Université d`Evry
Licence de Langues Étrangères Appliquées 1re année – 2e semestre 2015-2016 UFR Langues, Art et Musique Grammaire anglaise Cécile Chartier [email protected] Programme des cours 18 janvier CM 1 Introduction Le groupe nominal Objectifs : Rappels parties du discours. Détermination (cas particuliers). Construction à plusieurs noms. 25 janvier CM 2 Les adjectifs, comparatifs et superlatifs Objectifs : rappels du 1er semestre, comparatifs et superlatifs. 1er février CM 3 Les pronoms Objectifs : pr. personnels & possessifs, pr. réfléchis & réciproques, emploi particulier de IT. 8 février CM 4 Les pronoms (II) Objectifs : Pronoms génériques. Pronom Ø et « one ». Pronoms sans antécédents. 15 février CM 5 Le prétérit Objectifs : emplois temporels (en comparaison avec le présent ; fonctionnement proximal / distal) et non-temporels. Semaine de révision 22 février 29 février CM 6 La syntaxe 7 mars CM 7 Révisions 14 mars CM 8 Les compléments du verbe Objectifs : Révision des fonctions des constituants de la phrase. Les compléments du verbe : schémas à 1, 2 et 3 places. Clivage et pseudo-clivage. 21 mars CM 9 Les compléments du verbe (II) Objectifs : Les verbes de liaison. Verbes à particules et verbes prépositionnels. Structure résultative. 28 mars Objectifs : Généralités. Types de phrases : statut assertif, négation et emphase. Inversion sujet-aux. Lundi de Pâques (férié) rattrapé le 18 avril 4 avril CM 10 Le passif Objectifs : rappels : formes et emplois. Cas des verbes à particules et verbes prépositionnels. Verbes à double complément. 11 avril CM 11 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées Objectifs : subordonnées nominales (à un mode personnel ou impersonnel). 18 avril CM 12 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées (II) Objectifs : subordonnées adverbiales et relatives. 25-29 avril Congés de printemps Révisions / fichage 2 mai Partiel 3 Remarques préalables Ce cours magistral de grammaire a pour but de : • vous aider à mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de la langue anglaise, dont vous êtes spécialistes. • vous aider à choisir la meilleure structure dans toutes les situations (conversations, documents écrits, entretiens...). • vous aider à formuler de manière claire les raisons pour lesquelles vous faites tel choix plutôt que tel autre. • vous aider à améliorer votre anglais dans toutes les UE pour lesquelles vous en avez besoin, et donc améliorer vos notes en CP/XP anglaise, civilisation, thème grammatical, etc.. Tous les étudiants de L1 LEA devront passer l'examen de cette UE en fin de semestre : il s'agira d'une épreuve de 90 minutes portant sur les points de grammaire abordés au cours du 2 e semestre. L'épreuve contiendra un QCM et des analyses de segments (à rédiger en français). Des exercices seront progressivement disponibles sur Emedia, dans le cours « L1 LEA Grammaire Anglaise » dans lequel vous êtes tous inscrits et aussi sur Anki (http://ankisrs.net/). Ces exercices seront corrigés. Ils vous permettront de vous évaluer et de vous préparer à l'examen. Il est recommandé de faire des exercices AVANT chaque cours, afin de repérer les points que vous avez du mal à comprendre et d'être en mesure de me poser des questions au début du cours. Vous pouvez les refaire APRÈS chaque cours, afin de vérifier que vous avez bien compris. Enfin, il est recommandé d'utiliser ces exercices au moment des révisions des partiels. Il est fortement recommandé d'assister aux cours magistraux. Une dizaine de minutes sera systématiquement consacrée aux questions en début de chaque cours. Pour ceux qui sont dans l'impossibilité d'assister aux cours magistraux, il est indispensable de travailler chaque point à l'aide de la présente brochure et des ouvrages indiqués en bibliographie. 4 Exemplier Chapitre 1 Introduction – Le groupe nominal Introduction : les parties du discours (parts of speech) Voir carte heuristique. Rappel sur les noms : noms communs / noms propres 1. I would like to buy an apple, but I don't have enough money. 2. I would like to buy Ø Apple, but I don't have enough money. Zoom sur les noms de pays 3. 4. 5. 6. Ø Great Britain is made up of Ø England, Ø Wales and Ø Scotland. The UK also includes Ø Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is not part of the UK. The People's Republic of China (P.R.C.; Simplified Chinese: 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 , Traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國; pinyin:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó, or Ø China), is a country in Ø East Asia. Exceptions : 7. The Netherlands' capital city is Amsterdam, not The Hague. 8. Author J.R.R. Tolkien is from the West Midlands. Constructions à plusieurs noms N1 of N2 9. I'm going to the Post office to get a book of stamps. 10. Her sister was her maid of honor. 11. a cup of tea 12. [T]he Electoral College [is] the constitutional mechanism for finalising the election of the president. (« Is America heading for a constitutional crisis? » The Economist, 10 novembre 2000.) N2's N1 13. Techniques from the president’s election campaigns have spawned one lot of young firms. (« The Obama start-ups », The Economist, 1er décembre 2012.) 14. I had met the mayor's secretary. 15. I had met Fred's secretary. 16. There was a butcher's knife on the table. 17. I think it's the butcher's car that's parked over there. 18. His ten years' experience was his main asset. 19. After ten years' absence, he came back home. 20. After a year's absence, he came back home. N2 N1 21. a race horse 5 22. a horse race 23. a tax cut 24. a night train 25. a paper napkin 26. a boat-house 27. a teacup 28. a car-park attendant 29. a car safety belt Constructions multiples 30. Techniques from the president’s election campaigns have spawned one lot of young firms. 31. The car-park attendant reminded me to wear my car safety belt. Analyse en contexte • • Justifiez l'utilisation des déterminants en gras. Justifiez les constructions à plusieurs noms soulignées en double. There was a man of the island of Hawaii, whom I shall call Ø Keawe; for the truth is, he still lives, and his name must be kept secret; but the place of his birth was not far from Ø Honaunau, where the bones of Ø Keawe the Great lie hidden in a cave. The man was poor, brave, and active; he could read and write like a schoolmaster; he was a first-rate mariner besides, sailed for some time in the island steamers, and steered a whaleboat on the Kamakua coast. At length it came in Keawe’s mind to have a sight of the great world and foreign cities, and he shipped on a vessel bound to Ø San Francisco. Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Bottle Imp” (1891). Exercices Select the right articles. 1. ___ United Kingdom comprises ___ Northern Ireland. b. The / the a. Ø / the d. The / Ø b. The / Ø c. Ø / Ø 3. ___ Netherlands is not too far from ___ France. d. The / the a. Ø / Ø 2. ___ Canada is the largest country of ___ Commonwealth. b. The / Ø a. Ø / Ø d. Ø / the 6 c. Ø / The c. The / the Chapitre 2 Les adjectifs, comparatifs et superlatifs Révision 1er semestre épithète (position pré-nominale), attribut du sujet (position post-verbale), attribut de l'objet (position post-nominale), apposition, adj. composés, adj. nominalisés. 1. He's wearing a red hat. 2. This pie is delicious. 3. I found the film boring. /!\ spécificité de certains adjectifs : Seulement épithète (pré-nominale) 4. It is sheer folly! 5. *The folly is sheer. 6. He is a heavy smoker. 7. *As a smoker, he seems heavy. 8. That’s utter nonsense. 9. *I found that nonsense utter. 10. That’s a picture of her late husband. 11. !That’s a picture of her husband, who is late.! 12. She wants to be a nuclear physicist. 13. *This physicist is nuclear. /!\ spécificité de certains adjectifs : Seulement attribut du sujet (post-verbale) 14. The children, who were afraid, did not go swimming. 15. *The afraid children did not go swimming. 16. Several students were ill last week. 17. *Several ill students students phoned in before 9 o’clock. 18. The technicians, who were conscious of the difficulties, refused to cooperate. 19. *The conscious of the difficulties technicians refused to cooperate. Compléments d'adjectifs (jamais ou très rarement en position pré-nominale) 20. She is angry at her brother. 21. My friend could not come to the concert, I feel sorry for him. 22. She is unaware of the fact that her boyfriend is throwing her a party. 23. I'm glad that / Ø you could make it! Ordre des épithètes en position pré-nominale Catégorie A/ Intervention nulle de l'énonciateur 24. She went to medical school 25. She's a nuclear physicist Catégorie B/ Choix de l'énonciateur d'une caractéristique parmi toutes celles que possède le nom (forme, couleur, nationalité, âge, trait de caractère...) 26. My dad's a talkative man. 27. Bates Motel is an old house on top of a desert hill. Catégorie C/ Appréciation de la part de l'énonciateur 28. This is such a comfortable armchair! 29. One of the possible solutions would be... 7 Catégorie Déterminant Cat. C Cat. B Cat. A Nom a fine white cotton shirt a large striped an important French quadruped wine merchant Les comparatifs et superlatifs Adjectifs & adverbes courts / adjectifs & adverbes longs / adjectifs & adverbes irréguliers Type Adjectif / Adverbe Comparatif Superlatif Court big silly clever narrow simple bigger sillier cleverer narrower / more narrow simpler / more simple (the) biggest (the) silliest (the) cleverest (the) narrowest / most narrow (the) simplest / most simple Long interesting more interesting (the) most interesting Irrégulier good / well bad / ill far better worse farther / further (the) best (the) worst (the) farthest / furthest Constructions Adj / verbes Terme comparé Terme repère Supériorité more / -er... than Anna is taller Anna works more than Brian (is) than Brian (does) Infériorité less... than Money is less important People work less than love (is). than they used to (do). Egalité as... as Is money as important Anna works as much as love (is)? as Brian (does). Infériorité not as/so...as Money is not as/so important People don't work as much as love (is). as they used to (do). Noms Dénombrables Indénombrables Comp. de supériorité Sarah has more books than Brian. Sarah has more information than Brian. Comp. d'égalité Sarah has as many records as Brian. Sarah has as much information as Brian. Comp. d'infériorité Sarah has fewer records than Brian. Sarah has less information than Brian. Analyse en contexte • Repérez toutes les structures adjectivales. My daughter sat sunk in her coat with both hands wrapped for warmth around her tea cup. I noted with a pang her babyish fingernails, their pale-lilac tint. [...] 8 “You live in the past,” she said. I was about to give a sharp reply, but paused. She was right, after all. Life, authentic life, is supposed to be all struggle, unflagging action and affirmation, the will butting its blunt head against the world’s wall, suchlike, but when I look back I see that the greater part of my energies was always given over to the simple search for shelter, for comfort, for, yes, I admit it, for cosiness. […] To be concealed, protected, guarded, that is all I have ever truly wanted, to burrow down into a place of womby warmth and cower there, hidden from the sky’s indifferent gaze and the harsh air’s damagings. That is why the past is such a retreat for me, I go there eagerly, rubbing my hands and shaking the cold present and the colder future. And yet, what existence, really, does it have, the past? After all, it is only what the present was, once, the present that is gone, no more than that. And yet. John Banville, The Sea, Picador, 2005. Exercice Remplir les blancs avec la forme appropriée. 1. An ageing economy will be a _________ (slow, comparatif de supériorité) and ___________________ (unequal, comparatif de supériorité) one—unless policy starts changing now. (The Economist, « A billion shades of grey », Apr 26th 2014) 2. Growth will slow ________________________ (dramatically, comparatif d'infériorité) than expected; government budgets will be in _________ (good, comparatif de supériorité) shape, as high earners pay taxes for __________ (long, comparatif de supériorité). Rich countries with lots of well-educated ____________ (old, comparatif de supériorité) people will find the burden of ageing ___________ (easy, comparatif de supériorité) to bear than places like China. (Ibid.) 3. Manual work gets _________ (hard, comparatif de supériorité) as people get _________ (old, comparatif de supériorité), and public pensions look ____________________ (attractive, comparatif de supériorité) to those on low wages and the unemployed. (Ibid.) (Voir réponses sur emedia) 9 Chapitre 3 Les pronoms Généralités 1. 2. 3. 4. Some people are never pleased, they are always grumbling. They had some nice white shirt, but I bought a blue one. Winnie looks tired. She has been working too hard lately. Something has gone wrong. Pronoms personnels sujets et objets 5. - I want to watch the football game. - But I want to watch Britain's got Talent. 6. - What a beautiful dog! Does it bark? - No, he never barks. 7. The UK is made up of several nations. It includes England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 8. I saw you on television. 9. You saw me on televsion. 10. You and I are in the same choir, I think. 11. For the solist, the choir master will have to chose between you and me. Emplois particuliers de IT 12. - Tony is getting married. - I can't believe it! 13. - It's raining again. 14. - He found it difficult to open the door. Pronoms possessifs (pronoms personnels au génitif) 15. The UK does not have the euro. Its currency is the pound sterling (£). 16. The teacher's car is red. 17. His car is red. 18. My friend also has a car, but hers is black. Pronoms réfléchis (-self, -selves) 19. Take care of yourself! 20. « I celebrate myself, and sing myself » (Walt Witman, Leaves of Grass, 1855) 21. The Republican party is destroying itself. 22. Why does The Economist call itself a newspaper? (pour la réponse, voir http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/09/economist-explains-itself) 23. Go get dressed! 24. Please, sit down. 25. You need to shave before you go to your job interview! 26. Sometimes it's hard to wake up in the morning. Pronoms réciproques 27. What Europeans think of each other (The Economist, 15 mai 2013). 28. In a telling answer, Italians are most mistrustful of one another, perhaps aware that their country ranks badly on international corruption measures. (Ibid.) 29. We should talk to each other more often. 30. They met at the gym. 31. He always fights after he has had a drink. 10 32. I won't argue with you. Analyse en contexte • • • Identifiez les pronoms personnels (sujets, objets et possessifs) se rapportant à Alice. Commentez leur utilisation. Trouvez l'équivalent français des segments soulignés en double. Quel est leur point commun ? Traduisez les segments soulignés. The narrator is visiting Albert, a now-married old college friend, in his house somewhere in the American countryside. At a big round table there were three place settings, which glowed whitely in the gloom. One of the roundbacked chairs appeared to be occupied. Only as I drew closer through the afternoon darkness did I see that the occupant was a large frog, perhaps two feet high, which sat with its throat resting on the table edge. “My wife,” Albert said, looking at me fiercely, as if he were about to spring at my face. I felt I was being tested in some fiendish way. “Pleased to meet you,” I said harshly, and sat down across from her. The table lay between us like a lake. I had thought she might be something else, maybe a stuffed toy of some sort, but even in the dark daylight I could see the large moist eyes looking here and there, I could see her rapid breathing and smell her marshy odor. I thought Albert must be making fun of me in some fashion, trying to trick me into exposing what he took to be my hideous bourgeois soul, but whatever his game I wasn’t going to give myself away. […] Albert sat down and cut himself a piece of bread. “After lunch, I want to show you the place. Take you down to the pond, and so on.” He looked at me, tilting his head in a way I suddenly remembered. “And you? It’s been a while.” “Oh, still a roving bachelor,” I said, and immediately disliked my fatuous tone. I had a sudden urge to talk seriously to Albert, as we’d done in the old days, watching the night turn slowly gray through our tall, arched windows. But I felt constrained, it had been too long a time, and though he had summoned me after all these years, though he had shown me his wife, it was all askew somehow, as if he hadn’t shown me anything, as if he’d kept himself hidden away. And I remember that even then, in the time of our friendship, he had seemed intimate and secretive at the same time, as if even his revelations were forms of concealment. “Not that I have any fixed plan,” I continued. “I see women, but they’re not the right one. You know, I’ve always thought I’d be the one to get married, not you.” “It wasn’t something I planned. But when the moment comes, you’ll know.” He looked at Alice with tenderness and suddenly leaned over and touched the side of her head lightly with his fingertips. “How did you,” I began, and stopped. I felt like bursting into screams of wild laughter, or of outrage, pure outrage, but I held myself down, I pretended everything was fine. Steven Millhauser, “A Visit”, from The Knife Thrower and Other Stories, 1998 Exercice Choose the appropriate pronoun. 11 1. According to ______, there were no pepperonis on the pizza. a. they b. them c. themselves d. their 2. Whose shoes do you like better? Kelly’s or _____? a. herself b. hers c. my d. mine 3. ______ lifestyle is more elaborate than mine. a. His b. Him d. Himself c. Hers 4. I do not advise you to see that move. _____ terrible! a. They were b. Its c. It is d. It 5. The movie star ______came to the premier of her movie. a. her b. hers c. herself d. herselves 12 Chapitre 4 Les pronoms (II) Pronoms génériques 1. One may doubt the existence of objective needs of the economy. 2. One must not confuse the issue of substandard housing with that of social housing. 3. I would, however, like to draw your attention to the fact that one needs to have access to healthy food if one is to eat healthily. 4. A foreign policy presupposes that one has a clear definition of oneself and of one's own interests. 5. You had to be flexible and accommodating or you couldn't survive. 6. You can't take a cookie-cutter approach with the country and try to say that every province is the same in social makeup. Pronom Ø et « one » 7. Brian has got a lot of records. I borrowed a few Ø. 8. This tea is excellent. I think I'll have a little Ø. 9. These books are splendid. I think I'll buy a few Ø. 10. 'I think the Browns have a dog.' 'That's right, and the Jonses have three Ø.' 11. These books are splendid. I think I'll buy one. (au lieu de « *a Ø ») 12. They wanted to buy petrol for the car, but none was to be found in the whole town. (au lieu de « *no Ø ») 13. 'My phone is dead!' 'Here, take mine!' (au lieu de « *my Ø » 14. They had some nice shirts, so I bought two blue ones. 15. We have too many books, so we've decided to sell a few (of them). Pronoms sans antécédents 16. There is someone in that room. 17. Everybody likes cartoons. 18. Everyone was standing in front of their house. 19. 19. Nobody noticed I was away last week, did they? 20. Who did you see at the party ? 21. What did you buy at the market ? 22. Whose car did they borrow ? 23. 'They needed a car.' 'Whose did they borrow ?' 24. 'There were hundreds of people at the party !' 'How many Ø did you talk to ?' 25. 'There was plenty of money to spend.' 'How much Ø did you actually spend ?' 26. 'We were introduced to several of your friends.' 'Which Ø did you get along with best ?' 13 Chapitre 5 Le prétérit Emplois temporels 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ted worked twelve hours a day. Last year, Ted worked twelve hours a day to pay for his bills. Now his new job pays better. Ted worked twelve hours a day during the Christmas holidays. Ted worked twelve hours a day before he retired. Ted worked twelve hours a day (he is dead now). An iron gong sounded, setting up a wave of expectation in the crowd. Everyone looked in the direction of the egwugwu house. (Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, 1956.) 7. His chest and shoulders were unusually broad even for a man his size. His eyes were small and deep set. (Walter Mosley, “Archibald Lawless”, 2005) 8. He knew the answer. 9. Most dinosaurs ate grass. 10. Ted walked to work (// présent) 11. He had to hurry because his train left at 6.35. (// présent) 12. He had bought a car, but it broke down before he could use it. 13. Jane was singing when the dog started howling. 14. John said, 'Mary likes tea.' 15. John said that Mary liked tea. 16. John said that Mary likes tea. 17. Evelyn thought her daughter was at school. 18. *Evelyn thought her daughter is at school. Emplois non temporels 19. If he knew the answer, he would inform you. 20. If he knows the answer, he will inform you. 21. I wish I knew the answer. 22. It's (high) time you left. 23. I'd rather you left. 24. Could you close the door, please? 25. Can you close the door, please? 14 Chapitre 6 La syntaxe La terre est bleue comme une orange Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose Jamais une erreur les mots ne mentent pas Loveliness extreme. Ils ne vous donnent plus à chanter Extra gaiters, Au tour des baisers de s'entendre Loveliness extreme. Les fous et les amours Elle sa bouche d'alliance Tous les secrets tous les sourires Et quels vêtements d'indulgence Sweetest ice-cream. Pages ages page ages page ages. Gertrude Stein, « Sacred Emily », 1913 À la croire toute nue. Paul Eluard, « La terre est bleue comme une orange », 1929. Généralités 1. Time flies like an arrow. 2. Fruit flies like a banana. 3. *Les mouches des fruits comme une banane (Google translate) Statuts assertifs 4. 5. 6. 7. Ann sent Tom a postcard. Did Ann send Tom a postcard? Send Tom a postcard! What a beautiful postard Ann sent (to) Tom! Négation et emphase 8. Ann didn't send Tom a postcard (déclaratif + négation) 9. Ann did send Tom a postcard (déclaratif + emphase) Propositions déclaratives 10. C'est dans ce jardin que jouent les enfants. 11. It's in this garden that the children play. Propositions interrogatives 12. You like your new car. => 13. Do you like your new car? 14. Dinner isn't ready yet. 15. Isn't dinner ready yet? 16. 'Who came ?' - 'John & Mary came.' Propositions interrogatives indirectes 17. How old is Fred? (directe) 18. I wonder [how old Fred is]. 15 19. [How old Fred is] is a matter extensively debated. Propositions exclamatives 20. [What a miracle] it was! 21. [How] we enjoyed ourselves! 22. [How interesting] this article is! Emphase 23. He DID post the letter. 24. He did NOT post the letter. Phrases : définitions 25. I told you he did not post the letter as I had asked him to do. Inversion sujet/auxiliaire 26. Do you like cooking? 27. He often plays tennis and so does his wife. 28. They won't condone such behaviour and neither will I. 29. Never will his brother accept. 30. Never before had he seen such a large farm. 31. Not until he got home did he feel tired. 32. Hardly had he closed the door when the light went out. 33. Only then did he realize that he had lost his way. 34. Well do I remember what he said to me on that occasion. 35. Such was his surprise that he dropped the dish. 36. If he had stayed longer, he would have met my brother. 37. → Had he stayed longer, he would have met my brother. Inversion sujet/verbe 38. 'What did they find,' asked the girl. 39. 'What did they find,' the girl asked. 40. Dear to his heart were all his mementos. Exercices Transformez les phrases suivantes en phrases interrogatives dites fermées (yes/no questions). Attention a n'apporter aucune autre modification dans la phrase, notamment concernant les pronoms. a) b) c) d) e) You can help me find a solution. We don’t usually take payments in cash. You have seen this film. They can charge you with something. He gave Anna a lovely watch for her birthday. Identifiez les phrases complexes a) I don’t think I can help you. b) He must have been listening to his music too loud again! 16 c) I remember the day when he told me I was fired. Manip : Procédez à l’inversion sujet / auxiliaire. a) Policemen have rarely been applauded as loud as they have today. b) The Prime Minister understood only after he signed the contract who he was dealing with. c) The meeting was scarcely over when they decided to celebrate the agreement. 17 Chapitre 7 Les compléments du verbe Les constituants de la phrase (révision) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. He smiled. She likes fish. We paid for lunch. He reminded me of his name. I gave the dog a huge bone. He always smiled. He always smiled [when he was happy]. He smiled [at the idea (that she would get such a nice suprise {when she arrived})]. Schéma à une place 9. John is sleeping. Schéma à deux places 10. She speaks English well. 11. What a film! Did you like it? 12. You didn't even answer my question. 13. They paid for the meal. 14. He was looking for his keys. 15. She stared at her father. Schéma à trois places : S – V – C1 – Prep – C2 16. He gave a huge bone to the dog. 17. I've ordered some sandwiches for you. 18. He reminded me of his name. Schéma à trois places : S – V – C1 – C2 19. He gave the dog a huge bone. 20. I've ordered you some sandwiches. Structures clivées 21. Fred gave Susan a scarf for her birthday. 22. It was a scarf that Fred gave Susan for her birthday. 23. It was Fred who gave Susan a scarf for her birthday. 24. It was to Susan that Fred gave a scarf for her birthday. 25. It was for her birthday that Fred gave a scarf to Susan. Structures pseudo-clivées 26. What Fred gave Susan for her birthday was a scarf. 27. A scarf was what Fred gave Susan for her birthday. Exercices Construisez une phrase clivée en mettant en relief les segments soulignés Winston Churchill was born in Blenheim palace in 1874. 18 Toni Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993. The United States Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776. Was Barack Obama elected president in 2008? 19 Chapitre 8 Les compléments du verbe (II) Les verbes de liaison 1. I am an English teacher. 2. I am outside. 3. I am in the lecture theatre. 4. I am tired. 5. He remained silent. 6. This tastes awful. 7. This contraption proved useful. 8. He fell asleep. 9. He went mad. 10. The leaves turned brown. 11. *He went asleep. 12. *He fell mad. Verbes composés 13. The dog turned on its owner. 14. Sam turned on the radio. 15. The dog turned on him. 16. Sam turned it on. 17. I'm looking for my keys. 18. I'm looking at you. 19. My brother always stands for me. 20. I ran into my primary school teacher today. 21. Sorry, something came up, I can't come to your party. 22. Look out! 23. He made up the whole story. 24. Will China take over the world? 25. We're going to run out of gas. 26. They put the shortage down to bad planning. Schéma résultatif 27. The dog licked his plate clean. 28. The noise frightened the dog away. 29. She kicked the dog out of the kitchen. Exercices Manipulations : Transformez le GN souligné en un pronom. a) b) c) d) e) f) 20 Can we put off our next meeting? She doesn’t want to look after her baby brother tomorrow. I have been waiting for the bus for fifteen minutes now. You must sum up your novel in a few words. Let’s not rule out the possibility of leaving early. I can’t put up with this situation any longer. Chapitre 9 Le passif Objectifs : rappels : formes et emplois. Cas des verbes à particules et verbes prépositionnels. Verbes à double complément. Rappels : formes et emplois 1. Fred ate the sandwich. 2. The sandwich was eaten by Fred. 3. The government will subsidize the theatre. 4. The theatre will be subsidized (by the governement). 5. Nora had repaired the car. 6. The car had been repared (by Nora). 7. Ken is typing the letter. 8. The letter is being typed (by Ken). 9. The caretaker must have locked the door. 10. The door must have been locked (by the caretaker). 11. Did the reporter interview the President? 12. Was the President interviewed (by the reporter)? 13. The watch had been stolen. 14. I don't like being lied to. 15. He is said to have made a fortune selling vintage cars. (« Il paraît qu'il »...) 16. This wine must be drunk at room temperature. (« Ce vin se boit... ») 17. I looked at the branch, and realized that it was broken. 18. I looked at the branch, and realized that it was beautiful. 19. I looked at the branch, and realized that it was heavy with fruit. 20. There was a storm, and the branch was broken (by the wind). Passif avec GET 21. We were held up in a traffic jam. 22. We got held up in a traffic jam 23. He got drowned. 24. He got arrested. 25. In the end, he got (himself) elected. Passif des verbes à particules et des verbes prépositionnels 26. He called the meeting off. ou He called off the meeting. 27. The meeting was called off. 28. People talk much about this subject. 29. This subject is much talked about Ø. 30. He does not like people looking at him. 31. He does not like being looked at Ø. Verbes à schémas à trois places 32. Fred gave Susan the photo. 33. The photo was given to Susan 34. Susan was given the photo 35. His boss offered him a pay rise. 36. A pay rise was offered to him. 37. He was offered a pay rise. 21 38. Someone told me an interesting story. 39. I was told an interesting story. Exercice Mettez les phrases suivantes au passif en transformant le GN souligné en sujet a) b) c) d) e) f) 22 Someone told me his latest novel was fascinating. Someone gave her a strange explanation. Someone gave her a strange explanation. Someone refused him entrance to the club. Someone sent her a love letter for Valentine’s day. Someone sent her a love letter for Valentine’s day. Chapitre 10 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées Objectifs : subordonnées nominales (à un mode personnel ou impersonnel). 1. Fred likes tea. I know it. 2. I know [that Fred likes tea]. 3. I know [Ø Fred likes tea]. 4. I knew Fred liked tea. 5. I know [it]. 6. I know [his taste for tea]. Subordonnées nominales en THAT / Ø 7. He remembered [Susan's birthday]. 8. He remembered [it]. 9. He remembered [that it was Susan's birthday]. 10. He remembered [Ø it was Susan's birthday]. 11. The trouble is [this one]. 12. The trouble is [that he does not want to stay]. 13. The trouble is [Ø he does not want to stay]. 14. I was sure [of his victory]. 15. I was sure [that he would win the match]. 16. I was sure [Ø he would win the match] 17. [His fraud] is now beyond doubt. 18. [That he never payed any taxes] is now beyond doubt. 19. *[Ø he never payed any taxes] is now beyond doubt. 20. It is now beyond doubt [that he never payed any taxes]. 21. It is now beyond doubt [Ø he never payed any taxes]. 22. [That he married Sue] is quite unbelievable. 23. It is quite unbelievable [that he married Sue]. 24. I find [his reaction] surprising. 25. ?I find [that he left] surprising. 26. I find it surprising [that he left]. Subordonnées nominales en WH- / IF 27. Where have you put the newspaper? → I asked him [where he had put the newspaper]. 28. Will he stay over the week-end? → I don't know if / whether he'll stay over the week-end. 29. Who will arrive first? → [Who arrives first] matters little. 30. How are we going to convice them? → The problem is [how we are going to convince them]. 31. How good Fred is at tennis! → He told us [how good Fred was at tennis]. 32. He took [what they gave him]. 33. He tells the story to [whoever will listen to him]. 34. You can meet [who you like]. 23 Chapitre 11 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées (II) Objectifs : subordonnées adverbiales et relatives. Subordonnées nominales à mode impersonnel 1. He helped [wash the dishes]. 2. He helped Fred [wash the dishes]. 3. He helped him [wash the dishes]. 4. I saw him [be able to swim]. 5. *I saw him [can swim]. 6. He wants [to stay here]. 7. He wants Fred [to stay here]. 8. [To be or not to be], that is the question. 9. He likes [to drive slowly]. 10. I've tried [to open the door] but I think the lock is jammed. 11. He hates [watching TV]. 12. He hates Fred [watching TV]. 13. Why don't you try [using the other key]? 14. He stopped smoking. 15. He stopped to smoke. 16. He stopped driving to have a smoke. Subordonnées adverbiales (= subordonnées circonstancielles) 17. I'll call you [quickly]. 18. I'll call you [as soon as I arrive in London]. 19. I found the keys [where you told me to look]. 20. You'll be able to go [wherever you like]. 21. [If you promise not to tell anybody], I'll let you into the secret. 22. [Were I elected leader of the party], I would be able to re-unite it. 23. [Although it's cold], he won't turn on the heating. 24. He threw away his old television [when he could have repared it easily]. 25. The river is dry [because there hasn't been enough rain]. Subordonnées relatives 26. I love the car you bought! 27. I love the car [Ø you bought]! 28. I love the car, you bet! 29. The explorer visited {cities [that were strange and marvellous]}. 30. The explorer visited {strange and marvellous cities} 24 Bibliographie La cote Dewey des ouvrages est donnée entre parenthèse. La cote correspondant aux ouvrages de grammaire anglaise est « 425 » et celle correspondant au thème anglais est « 428.02 ». Tous les ouvrages cités dans la présente bibliographie se situent au 2e étage de la Bibliothèque Universitaire. Grammaire de référence Larreya, Paul. Grammaire explicative de l'anglais. Paris, Pearson Longman, 2005. Autres grammaires Berland-Delépine, Serge. Grammaire anglaise de l’étudiant. Ophrys, 2014. (425 BER gra) Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar in Use: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Learners of English, Fourth edition with answers, Cambridge: CUP, 2012. Pilard, Georges. Harrap’s grammaire anglaise, Larousse, 2012. (425 HAR gra) Robert, Alain-Louis. L'essentiel de la grammaire anglaise en 50 fiches. Ellipses, 2011. (425 ROB ess) Exercices de thème, de grammaire et QCM Billange, Claude. English grammar files with exercises. Fiches de grammaire anglaise avec exercices. Ellipses, 2012. (425 BIL eng) Cascade, Joël. Anglais, grammaire synthétique. Ellipses, 2014. (425 CAS gra) Delmotte, Axel. 1000 QCM d’anglais. Studyrama, 2011. (425 DEL mil) Delmotte, Axel. Je maitrise la grammaire anglaise. Studyrama, 2014. (425 DEL jem) Larreya, Paul. Exercices : grammaire explicative de l'anglais. Paris, Pearson Longman, 2005. Loubignac, Cécile, Loubignac, Claude. Le thème anglais grammatical. Ellipses, 1992. (428.02 LOU the) Loubignac, Cécile. La grammaire anglaise en fiches et QCM. Ellipses, 2011. (425 LOU gra) Loubignac, Cécile. Le thème anglais grammatical en fiches. Ellipses, 2005. (428.02 LOU the) Marquis, Peter. To err is human : maîtriser la grammaire anglaise grâce aux erreurs les plus courantes : 250 exemples réels corrigés et expliqués. Optimum, 2014. (425 MAR toe) Rotgé, Wilfrid, Malavieille, Michèle, Mutch, George P. Exercices de thème grammatical anglais, 2e édition. PUF, 2013. (428 ROT exe) Thompson, Jean-Max. Anglais, thèmes d'aujourd'hui : 474 phrases corrigées : examens et concours de l'enseignement supérieur. Vuibert, 2010. (428.02 THO ang) 25 Table des matières Programme des cours...........................................................................................................................3 Remarques préalables...........................................................................................................................4 Exemplier.............................................................................................................................................5 Chapitre 1 Introduction – Le groupe nominal.................................................................................5 Chapitre 2 Les adjectifs, comparatifs et superlatifs.........................................................................7 Chapitre 3 Les pronoms.................................................................................................................10 Chapitre 4 Les pronoms (II)...........................................................................................................13 Chapitre 5 Le prétérit.....................................................................................................................14 Chapitre 6 La syntaxe....................................................................................................................15 Chapitre 7 Les compléments du verbe...........................................................................................18 Chapitre 8 Les compléments du verbe (II)....................................................................................20 Chapitre 9 Le passif.......................................................................................................................21 Chapitre 10 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées.....................................................................23 Chapitre 11 La phrase complexe : les subordonnées (II)...............................................................24 Bibliographie......................................................................................................................................25 26