4 Projekt Grammar on the Internet Modal auxiliaries and their

Modal auxiliaries and their substitutes
Please learn by heart!
simple present
must
have to
must not/mustn’t
not to be allowed to
need not/needn’t
don’t have to
can
not to be able to
simple past
had to
was not/were not/
wasn’t/weren’t allowed to
didn’t have to
could
was not/ were not/wasn’t
/weren’t able to
Examples :
1. My mother is able to speak English.
Meine Mutter kann English sprechen.
2. We aren’t allowed to go to school discos.
Wir dürfen nicht zu Schuldiscos gehen.
3. Did you have to wait long ?
Musstest du lange warten?
Task 1.: Put the sentences into the tenses given.
future
will have to
will not/ won’t be allowed to
will not/won’t have to
will not / won’t be able to
1. The astronauts (= Astronauten) can leave the space ship (= Raumschiff).
Future tense:________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
2. They must not take off their helmets.
Simple past:________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
3. They must wear moon boots.
Future tense:_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
4. My grandpa mustn’t drive any more.
Present perfect: Since his 99th birthday___________________________
__________________________________________________________.
5. Grandma cannot leave the house .
Present perfect:______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
6. Little Andrew can swim.
Future tense: Next year_________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.
7. I must go home.
Simple past:__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.
8. We must tidy up the classroom.
Future tense:__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
9. You mustn’t play with fire.
Simple past:___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
10. She cannot read or write.
Future tense:__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
Task 2.: Put in ‘must not’ or ‘need not’.
Then put sentences 1 and 2 into the tenses given. Use the correct substitutes.
1. You __________________ take an umbrella today; it doesn’t look like rain.
Future tense:___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
2. You __________________ take my umbrella ; I need it myself.
Simple past:_____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
3. You___________________ eat any more ; you ‘ll get too fat.
4. You ___________________ eat more , if you don’t want to.
Task 3.:Translate into English .
1. Ich musste ein Buch lesen.
_______________________________________________________________.
2. Er wird nicht kommen brauchen.
______________________________________________________________.
3. Wir werden nicht schwimmen können.
______________________________________________________________.
4. Wir dürfen nicht Fußball spielen.
______________________________________________________________.
GOOD LUCK
Key (= Lösungen)
Task 1.:
1. The astronauts will be able to leave the space ship.
2. They weren’t allowed to take off their helmets.
3. They will have to were moon boots.
4. Since his 99th birthday he hasn’t been allowed to drive any more.
5. Grandma hasn’t been able to leave the house.
6. Next year little Andrew will be able to swim.
7. I had to go home.
8. We will have to tidy up the classroom.
9. You weren’t allowed to play with fire.
10. She won’t be able to read or write.
Task 2.:
1. You needn’t take an umbrella today; it doesn’t look like rain.
Future tense: You won’t have to take an umbrella today.
2. You mustn’t take my umbrella ; I need it myself.
Simple past: You weren’t allowed to take my umbrella.
3. You mustn’t eat any more ; you ‘ll get too fat.
4. You needn’t eat more , if you don’t want to.
Task 3.:
1. I had to read a book.
2. He won’t have to come.
3. We won’t be able to swim.
4. They weren’t allowed to play football.