COMPARISON OF LNG TRANSPORTATION TO JAWA ISLAND

Transcription

COMPARISON OF LNG TRANSPORTATION TO JAWA ISLAND
COMPARISON OF LNG TRANSPORTATION TO
JAWA ISLAND: TANKER OR GAS PIPELINE
COMPARAISON POUR LE TRANSPORT DU GNL VERS
L’ILE DE JAVA: METHANIER OU GAZODUC
Luky Hidayati
Yosef Marlono
Merry Martteighianti
PERTAMINA Exploration & Production
Natural Gas Utilization Subdivision
Jakarta, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The demand of Natural Gas as a principal need for Industries in Jawa Island has
increased with time. The Natural Gas is used to replace fuel oil. This is related to
Government Policy about energy conservation and diversification.
Gas is supplied to Industries by shipping LNG with Tankers or building a gas pipeline
from Kalimantan Timur to Jawa Island. Those two alternatives still need feasibility
studies concerning the technical and economic aspects based on the landed price.
At present, Indonesia is the largest LNG exporter in the world, contributing about
40% to the global market. P.T. Arun and P.T. Bakak are the main producers of LNG in
Indonesia. To increase LNG production, PERTAMINA and VICO Enterprises Inc. have
proposed the idea of utilizing the Natural Gas from a marginal field at Kalimantan Timur
area with a Floating LNG Plant. The production of the Floating LNG Plant could be sent
to Industries by tankers.
The alternative of shipping LNG through tankers is based on the development of an
LNG plant at Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, and the facts that LNG export is decreasing
due to the increasing globabl competition in the year 2000. On the other hand, the
development of a subsea gas pipeline from Kalimantan Timur to Jawa Island is a longterm plan for the Trans-Indonesia Pipeline project.
It is necessary to have an in-depth study to provide the best decision on—
•
•
•
•
Competitive cost
Long-term period
Environmental friendly
Supporting facilities.
D.5–1
RESUME
La demande de gaz naturel, come le principal besoin industriel à Java a augmenté
avec le temps. Le gaz naturel est utilisé pour remplacer le mazout. Ceci est lié à la
politique du gouvernement sur la conservation et la diversification de l’énergie.
Le Gaz est amené aux industries par l’expedition de LNG par tankers ou par la
construction d’un gazoduc de Kalimantan Ouest à Java. Ces deux alternatives demandent
une étude de faisabilité qui concerne les aspects techniques et économiques basés sur le
prix d’extraction sol.
Actuellement, l’Indonésie est le plus grand exportateur de LNG du monde et
contribue à environ 40% du marché mondial. PT. Arun et PT. Badak sont les principaux
producteurs de LNG en Indonesie. Pour accroître la production de LNG, les companies
Pertamina et Vico ont proposé l’idée d’utiliser le gaz naturel du “champ marginal” de
Kalimantan Ouest avec une unité flottante LNG. La production de l’unité flottante de
LNG pourrait être envoyée aux industries par tankers.
Le choix d’expedition du LNG par tanker est basée sur le développment de l’usine
LNG à Bontang, Kalimantan Ouest et sur le fait que l’exportation du LNG va diminuer
dû à l’augmentation de la competition mondiale à l’an 2000. D’un autre côte, le
développment du gazoduc sous-marin de Kalimantan Ouest à Java est un plan à long
terme pour le project du gazoduc trans Indonesie.
Il est nécessaire de conduire une étude approfondie pour prendre les meilleures
décisions sur:
•
•
•
•
le coût competitif
le plan à long terme
environnement – écologie
les moyens de support.
D.5–2
THE POTENTIAL LNG PROJECT
FROM PECHIKO FIELD EAST KALIMANTAN
SINGAPORE
FPSO location - Pechiko Field
MALAYSIA
EAST
KALIMANTAN
Jakarta
INDONESIA
Tambak
Lorok
1 x 125.000 m3 LNG tanker
Serving the proposed FSO receiving terminal.
Able to make two trips each month at a plant
capacity of 1.4 MMTPA, or 200 MMSCFD
Figure 1
DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL GAS RESERVES
IN INDONESIA
<2
TSCF
2-9
TSCF
10 - 20 TSCF
> 20
TSCF
Figure 2
D.5–3
LNG REGASIFICATION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Boil Off Gas
Compressor
Turbo type
Industry
Reciprocating
Type
LNG Vaporizor
(submerged type)
Petrochemicals
Drum
Gas return
to tanker
Electric Power
LNG Pump
LNG Vaporizor
(Open pack type)
Sea Water
Pump
Maintenance
Unloading
Resident Commercial
Sea Water
Figure 3
KALIMANTAN - JAWA PIPELINES
Long distance pipelines 40” 855 km
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
EAST
KALIMANTAN
Jakarta
INDONESIA
Bawean Island
Surabaya
Figure 4
D.5–4
GAS TRANSPORTATION COST
$/boe
20
$/MMBTU
Gas Transmission- Offshore(2)
3.5
3
16
2.5
LNG (1)
12
2
8
1.5
1
4
0.5
0
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Distance (Kilometer)
Note :
(1) - Including Terminal Cost
(2) - Including Tie-In Cost, Landfall and Terminal
Figure 5
THE LNG FPSO CONCEPT
(LNG Offshore, Production, and Storage Facility)
LPG Tanker 75,000 M 3
LPG
LNG Tanker 125,000 M 3
Gas supply
LNG
Barge Capacity - 12,000 M 3
Number of Barges - TBD
Minimum boil off with re-liquefaction
Barge size LOA
115 m
Draft
4.5 m
Beam
16 m
Swivel
Single Point Mooring
LNG
Tank
FPSO
LNG
Tank
LNG
Tank
LNG Production - .8 to 1.4 MMTPA
LNG Storage - 140,000 - 180,000 M 3
LOA
340 m
Draft
9m
Beam
60 m
Figure 6
D.5–5
LPG
Tank
Gas supply from reservoir
DOMESTIC GAS PIPELINES NETWORK
Potential Markets :
• Steel Mill
• Power Plant
• Gas State
• Cement Plants
• Petrochemicals Plants
• Fertilizer Plants
• Etc
K.Kinibalu
MALAYSIA
Kuching
KALIMANTAN
SOUTH
SUMATERA
Balikpapan
Palembang
Pagardewa
Bawean Island
Legend:
• Existing Pipe
• Future
• Source
• City
Jakarta
Cirebon
Semarang
JAWA
Surabaya
Pagerungan
Figure 7
COMPARISON
LNG TANKER VS GAS PIPELINE
TANKER
FPSO
BONTANG PIPELINE
1600
746
12
14
GAS PRICE , $/MMBTU
2.04
2.04
WELLHEAD COST, $/MMBTU
0.43
0.43
INVESTMENT, MM$
IRR , %
LNG PRICE, $/MMBTU
2.93
TRANSPORTATION COST, $/MMBTU
0.10
REGASIFICATION COST,$/MMBTU
0.43
PLANT COST, $/MMBTU
1.04
CONSUMERS GATE PRICE , $/MMBTU
3.42
Figure 8
D.5–6
3.46
0.62
3. 09
KEY ISSUES
• D O M E S T IC I N D U S T R IE S C O N S U M E 3 . 1 6 T S C F O F
•
•
•
•
NATURAL GAS PER YEAR IN 1996 , THAT AMOUNT
C O U L D G R O W T O 4 T S C F IN 1997.
THE GROW TH OF INDUSTRIES CONTINUES TO BE
CONCENTRATED IN JAWA ISLAND.
GAS SUPPLIES IN JAWA WILL BE SHORTAGE IN THE
N E A R F U T U R E D U E T O T H E H IGH INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH.
T H E D O M E S T I C G A S P R IC E S A R E M O R E A T T R A C T I V E
A N D P R O V I D E M O R E E C O N O M I C A L B E N E F IT .
T O S U P P O R T T H E G O V E R N M E N T P O L I C Y IN
DIVERSIFYING ENERGY AND AIR POLLUTANT
E M ISSIONS.
Figure 9
D.5–7

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