Guide How to write a Resolution - Europäisches Jugendparlament
Transcription
Guide How to write a Resolution - Europäisches Jugendparlament
Guide How to write a Resolution The present document aims to give some guidelines for successful resolution writing at an EYP event. I. The Resolution EYP produces its statements in the format of resolutions. The resolution is a formal statement of an opinion proposed by the delegates on how to deal with a given issue. Essentially, resolutions are the goal of committee work, and serve as a statement of resolve to progress in a specific matter outlined in the resolution. The goal of the resolution is to inform and educate the reader in order to inspire them to take action approving the resolution. To do this, a successful resolution must do two things: - identify and explain the problem that needs to be addressed (the introductory clauses); - and propose a solution that will address the problem as identified (the operative clauses). - A resolution has three parts: the heading, the introductory and the operative clauses. (See Annex 5 for an example resolution in english and Annex 6 for an example resolution in french) II. Terms - Clause: one section of a resolution, containing one argument or one action - Phrase: the first word(s) of a clause - Heading: the first part of a resolution; this section contains general information - Introductory clauses: the second part of a resolution; this section contains the background, facts and problems - Operative clauses: the third part of a resolution; this section contains the actions and solutions to be taken III. Formatting The format of a resolution is strict, and certain rules must therefore be followed: - The resolution should read as one long sentence – therefore no full stops should be used and there can be no sentences internally. - Each clause begins with a phrase from the list of introductory phrases or operative phrases (see Annex 1 and 2) - The first word of the phrase capitalised; - Introductory phrases are lettered (A. to Z.; AA to ZZ for further sentences) and operative phrases are numbered (1. to 99.), - Sub-clauses for introductory clauses are numbered while sub-clauses for operative clauses are lettered; - All lines of each clause should be indented after the first line; - Sub-clauses should be further indented; - Generally the resolution should be single-spaced, but there should be some space between each clause either by skipping a line or increasing the spacing; - Acronyms and abbreviations should be written out the first time they appear in the resolution. Thereafter they can be abbreviated (European Union è EU); - Spelling should be British standard in English and French standard in French and consistently used within the resolution; www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany - The resolution should not exceed two pages; the best and most relevant clauses should therefore be selected. IV. Heading In the upper right corner, the location and the date (month and year) of the session should be stated. The title of the resolution should be “Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on NN” (see Annex 3 for the list of Committees including their Abbreviations). The draft resolution submitted by a committee becomes a motion in order to be debated and eventually voted upon by the General Assembly. If the motion passes the General Assembly, the wording should change to “Resolution by the Committee on NN”. The full name of the committee should be indicated without acronym. The title should be centred. Below the title, the committee theme should be stated. Note that neither the quotation nor the keywords are indicated, but purely the core of the committee theme. Also this should be centred. The third section includes the names of the committee members and the committee chairperson. It starts by a sentence “Submitted by:” followed by the names (first name, family name) and the country codes in parenthesis. The country codes used should be written in accordance to the ISO two-letter codes (see Annex 4). V. Introductory Clauses This portion of a resolution identifies and states the problem that needs to be addressed and should highlight past action, problems and facts on the issue. These clauses deal with the background to the issue e.g. - Aspects of the current situation - Current legislation - Previous attempted solutions - Reference to organisations active in the field. The introductory clauses should identify the depth, scope and complexity of a specific problem and highlight possible consequences if a problem is not solved or still persists. It should also make reference to past action in the area (decisions, reports etc.). The problem should be stated in factual terms and opinions are not expressed in this portion of the resolution. Introductory clauses should be organised in a logical progression and each fact should be listed as a separate clause. Each clause begins with a present participle (called an introductory phrase) that should be underlined in the text with the first letter capitalised. The introductory clauses are always lettered (A, B, C etc.). If a clause requires further explanation, bulleted lists set off by roman numerals (i, ii, iii etc.) can be used. Each introductory clause ends with a comma (,), except for the final one which ends with a semicolon (;). VI. Operative Clauses The operative clauses state the actions and/or recommendations that are made to address the problems identified in the introductory clauses. Therefore there should be some connection of the problem to a solution. Because resolving most problems involves an exercise of judgment, this is the portion of the resolution where the Committee expresses its opinion. The operative clauses are proposals, which taken together, would comprise a solution to the problem, a policy response. They should recommend or decide, if competent to do so, on a specific course of action to be taken to solve the problem. Operative clauses should be organised in a logical progression, with each containing a single idea or proposal. Each operative clause begins with a verb (called an operative phrase) with the first letter capitalised. www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany Operative clauses are always numbered (1, 2, 3 etc.). If a clause requires further explanation, bulleted lists set off by letters (a, b, c etc.) can be used. Each operative clause ends with a semicolon (;), except for the final one which ends with a full-stop (.). VII. Advice - Ensure that the resolution is in the proper format. - Try to cite facts whenever possible and be factually correct. - Ensure that the resolution “hangs together” logically. - Basically, the introductory clauses should justify the action in the operative clauses and the latter should suggest policies and be used to explain what the committee will do to address the issue. - The introductory clauses have little effect; the arguments for the action proposed and the reasoning behind the calls for action should be in the operative clauses. To gauge the real meaning of a resolution, look at the operative clauses first! - Write a comprehensive resolution, for example, if your resolution calls for a new programme or body, think about how its tasks and functions. - At the same time, the resolution should be simple, focused and straight forward. Complex arcanity is not a substitute for quality. - Long resolutions do not make successful resolutions – being succinct is the key to successful resolution writing. A resolution should not exceed two pages, but often does not need to be longer than a page. - EYP strongly encourages creativity and recycling old/existing solutions is not the aim of this exercise. Be visionary! - As stated above, the resolution should be visionary but also kept within the bounds of realistic action; in cases where the EU, for example, cannot act, the resolution can call upon its Member States to act. - Avoid creating new bodies, agencies, panels and committees to deal with the specific issue. In many cases, in particular in the EU context, there is already such a body existing! - Remember that the aim is to have a resolution that will promote good debate. VIII. What the Jury pays attention to Of course, it is impossible to deal with such an complex matter within two pages. However, it is all about setting your own main focus and to use a stringent and coherent argumentation to convey. It is not about producing an invulnerable thesis paper. A sound background knowledge on the topic, a clear argumentation as well as individuality and creativity will be decisive for your success. www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany ANNEX 1 - English Introductory phrases Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Believing Bearing in mind Confident Contemplating Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply convinced Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Desiring Emphasizing Expecting Expressing its appreciation Expressing its satisfaction Fully alarmed Fully aware Fully believing Fully deploring Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having devoted attention Having examined Having studied Seeking Having heard Taking into account Having received Taking into consideration Keeping in mind Taking note Noting with regret Viewing with appreciation Noting with satisfaction Welcoming Noting with deep concern Noting further Noting with approval Observing Realizing Reaffirming Recalling Recognizing Referring Operative phrases Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls Calls upon Condemns Congratulates Confirms Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Designates Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further reminds Further recommends Further resolves Further requests Have resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Regrets Reminds Requests Solemnly affirms Strongly condemns Supports Trusts Takes note of Transmits Urges ANNEX 2 – French Clauses d’introduction Affirmant que Alarmé par Sachant que Croyant que Déclarant que Profondément concerné Tout á fait conscient Tout à fait convaincu Profondément troublé Regrettant vivement Désirant Insistant sur Pensant que Exprimant son accord Exprimant sa compréhension Etant tout à fait au courant de Etant profondément alarmé Guidé par Ayant adopté Ayant considéré Ayant examiné Ayant étudié Ayant reçu Ayant entendu Se souvenant de Remarquant avec regret Remarquant avec plaisir Observant que Réalisant que Reconnaissant que Prenant en considération que Tenant compte que Clauses opératives Accepte Affirme Autorise Appelle Fait appel à Condamne Félicite Confirme Considère Déclare d’un commun accord Déplore Attire l’attention sur Désigne Insiste sur Exprime son appréciation Incite à Remarque A résolu Regrette Fait confiance Transmet Prend note Demande Soutient www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany ANNEX 3 – Committee List with Abbreviations AFCO Constitutional Affairs Konstitutionelle Fragen Affaires constitutionnelles AFET Foreign Affairs Auswärtige Angelegenheiten Affaires étrangères AGRI Agriculture and Rural Development Landwirtschaft und ländliche Entwicklung Agriculture et développement rural BUDG Budgets Haushalt Budgets CLIM Climate Change Klimawandel Changement climatique CONT Budgetary Control Haushaltskontrolle Contrôle budgétaire CRIS Financial, Economic and Social Crisis Finanz-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialkrise Crise financière, économique et sociale CULT Culture and Education Kultur und Bildung Culture et éducation DEVE Development Entwicklung Développement DROI Human Rights Menschenrechte Droits de l'homme ECON Economic and Monetary Affairs Wirtschaft und Währung Affaires économiques et monétaires EMPL Employment and Social Affairs Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Beschäftigung und soziale Angelegenheiten Umweltfragen, Volksgesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit Emploi et affaires sociales Environnement, santé publique et sécurité alimentaire Rechte der Frau und Gleichstellung der Geschlechter IMCO Women's Rights and Gender Equality Internal Market and Consumer Protection Binnenmarkt und Verbraucherschutz Droits de la femme et égalité des genres Marché intérieur et protection des consommateurs INTA International Trade Internationaler Handel Commerce international ITRE Industry, Research and Energy Industrie, Forschung und Energie Industrie, recherche et énergie JURI Legal Affairs Recht Affaires juridiques LIBE Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Bürgerliche Freiheiten, Justiz und Inneres Libertés civiles, justice et affaires intérieures PECH Fisheries Fischerei Pêche PETI Petitions Petitionen Pétitions REGI Regional Development Regionale Entwicklung Développement régional SEDE Security and Defence Sicherheit und Verteidigung Sécurité et défense TRAN Transport and Tourism Verkehr und Fremdenverkehr Transports et tourisme ENVI FEMM ANNEX 4 ALBANIA AL FINLAND FI LUXEMBOURG LU SAN MARINO SM MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MK SERBIA RS MT SLOVAKIA SK ANDORRA AD FRANCE FR AUSTRIA AT GEORGIA GE BELARUS BY GERMANY DE MALTA MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF MD SLOVENIA BELGIUM BE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BA GREECE GR MONACO MC SPAIN SI HUNGARY HU MONTENEGRO ME SWEDEN SE BULGARIA BG ICELAND IS NETHERLANDS NL SWITZERLAND CH CROATIA HR IRELAND IE NORWAY NO TURKEY TR CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC CY ITALY IT POLAND PL UA CZ LATVIA LV PORTUGAL PT UKRAINE UNITED KINGDOM DENMARK DK LIECHTENSTEIN LI RO ESTONIA EE LITHUANIA LT ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany GB ANNEX 5 – Example for a resolution in english M OTION FOR A R ESOLUTION BY THE C OMMITTEE ON I NTERNAL M ARKET AND C ONSUMER P ROTECTION (IMCO) Behavioural targeting vs. the right to informational self-determination: Proceeding from the “Unfair Commercial Practices Directive”, how can the EU tackle emerging advertising techniques and data storage in order to protect consumer safety and transparency? Submitted by: Jakob Ahlers (DE), David Banis (DE), Lutz Ruben Baumann (DE), Maximilian Drees (DE), Luis Engels (DE), Rajmunda Grdelaj (DE), Regina Grund (DE), Krystyna Kotthaus (DE), Vanessa Marquardt (DE), Sebastian Merten (DE), Katharina Moosig (DE), Deborah Paluch (DE), Lucas Andreas Vilches Rodríguez Jeppesen (DK), Christian Macht (Chairperson, DE). The European Youth Parliament, A. Defining data as a collection of information such as name, address, age, nationality, family, profession, religion, interests and hobbies, income and property, consumer behaviour, passwords, bank details and all kinds of media, B. Bearing in mind that advertising is needed to keep the internet freely accessible, C. Alarmed by the lack of European restrictions in dealing with consumers' data, thus enabling abuse, reselling and theft, D. Aware that data is permanently stored, often without the consumer's awareness of: i) who has access to it, ii) where it is stored, iii) for what purpose it is used, E. Emphasising that companies often do not respect consumers' privacy due to their concept of making money by exploiting the consumers' data with new advertising techniques, F. Fully aware that consumers have no influence on the newly emerging advertising techniques (e.g. behavioural targeting), causing a possible loss of independence and free-will on the internet, where the consumer cannot avoid advertisements, G. Noticing that social platforms, such as Facebook, weakening personal boundaries, therefore resulting in the voluntary publishment of private and sensitive information, H. Noting with deep concern that all data published on the internet is saved on several central and backup servers, making it nearly impossible to delete data permanently, I. J. Realizing that only fourteen Member States have implemented the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD) that: i) inhibits the development of an internal market, ii) prevents the introduction of general limits to advertising techniques that continue to confuse and deceive consumers, Taking note of the fact that consumers are badly educated about new advertising techniques because of: i) the lack of information about trustworthy web sites, ii) the dependence on big web pages, iii) companies abusing their power over the consumers; www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany 1. Calls for a common set of laws, clearly stating which data can be stored and for what purposes it can be used, laws that have to be enforced in all European Union (EU) Member States in order to guarantee transparency for the consumer; 2. Strongly encourages to completely enforce the UCPD in all Member States, in order to clarify and possibly overcome all trade barriers between the countries; 3. Requests companies to: a) be obliged to delete your data, if wished - the option being offered in a consumer-friendly way, b) introduce an expiration date after which stored data will be automatically deleted; 4. Considers initiating new laws for online consumer safety; 5. Calls upon the creation of an institution that: a) controls the enforcement of the aforementioned laws, b) investigates in case of any suspicion of abuse, c) brings the case to court, if evidence support the claim, d) assures the consumer of their data's security, thus annulling the feeling of being powerless in the case of an abuse; 6. Strongly recommends that consumers should have the ability to approve the use of their data via a signature or a password; 7. Desires the support of browser plug-ins (through financial aid and media campaigns) that would block analytical software, in order to enable anonymous surfing and stop the collection of user data, both of which provide informational self-determination; 8. Demands consumers to be properly informed about the details and risks of personal data storage and usage, so that they can be fully aware of their own responsibilities regarding the issue. www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany ANNEX 6 – Example for a resolution in french ! ! ! ! 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I]!L$3)13!^E(!0(&!/GG/2#'&!/00'2)E,!&$13!-'b/1/&!-)1&!0_Q5!W$GG(!-(&!%(#&$11(&!^E/!1_$13!%)&!0)!%(#G/&&/$1! -(!#(&3(#!%)#W(!^E(*!! ! ! /7!0(E#&!K/&)&!&$13!(,%/#'&8!! ! //7!/0&!&$13!)##/K'!-)1&!0_Q5!&)1&!0(&!-$WEG(13&!1'W(&&)/#(&8!! 9]!U(33)13!0_)WW(13!&E#!0_/G%$#3)1W(!-(!0)!#'E1/b/W)3/$1!-(&!b)G/00(&8!! ! O]!A(2#(33)13!K/K(G(13!0(&!W$1-/3/$1&!/1JEG)/1(&!-)1&!^E(0^E(&!W(13#(&!-_/GG/2#)3/$18! ! ! www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany ! "#!$%&'()%!'*+!&%&,-%.!)%!/012!)03(4-5)*3-%!*(%!65/3437*%!)0'.3/%!85&&*(%!*43/3.'(4!/'!85(9%(435(!)%.! -%:*;3<%.!)%!/0=>1?!! ! @#!A'34!'66%/!B!/012!65*-!)3&3(*%-!/%!6-58C.!65*-!5,4%(3-!/0'.3/%!65/3437*%!%(!-<)*3.'(4!/%.!6-58<)*-%.! )<&58-'437*%.D!45*4!%(!'&</35-'(4!/%.!85()3435(.!)'(.!/%.!8%(4-%.!)%!-<8%6435(?!! ! E#!F88%(4*%!/G3&65-4'(8%!)0*(%!)<83.35(!85&&*(%!85(8%-('(4!/%!.4'4*4!)%.!)%&'()%.!)0'.3/%!)'(.!/012?!! ! 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www.eyp.de Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e. V. European Youth Parliament Germany