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, (M.
Il faut attirer l’attention sur un phénomène qui ne semble pas avoir eu d’équivalent dans
l’histoire des sociétés humaines, au moins depuis que l’on dispose d’indications sur l’évolution
des prix : il y a vingt ans, l’ordinateur le plus puissant du monde, un IBM, valait 45 millions de
francs. Un modèle équivalent en performances vaut actuellement aux alentours de 10 000 F,
soit une division de son prix par un facteur 4500, et cette évolution se poursuit. Si nous
sommes habitués à voir baisser les prix de vente des produits industriels entre le moment où ils
sont introduits sur le marché et où ils se diffusent, il convient de comparer ces chiffres avec
d’autres : entre 1950 et 1975, le prix d’un réfrigérateur a été divisé seulement par cinq, celui d’un
magnétoscope grand public depuis ses débuts jusque dans les années 95, par moins de dix
environ. Si l’automobile avait subi une baisse des prix semblable à celle des ordinateurs, un
véhicule de cylindrée moyenne vaudrait actuellement entre 30 et 40 Francs. Il ne semble y
avoir aucun exemple de baisse de prix comparable en valeur, et surtout en rapidité, même sur
des produits de base tels que, par exemple, le blé, le papier, la fonte ou l’acide sulfurique.
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