Les effets secondaires du vaccin antirougeole (antimorbilleux)

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Les effets secondaires du
vaccin antirougeole
(antimorbilleux)
- Documentation - Les différents effets secondaires des vaccins - Le vaccin antirougeole (antimorbilleux) -
Date de mise en ligne : dimanche 6 juin 2010
Description :
Quels sont les effets secondaires du vaccin antirougeole ?
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Les plus importants effets secondaires sont :
complications hématologiques :
•
thrombocytopénie (= abaissement du nombre de plaquettes sanguines) (OSKI F. A. 1966) [1], (BÖTTIGER M.
et al. 1987) [2] , (AUTRET E. et al. 1996) [3] : cette thrombocytopénie peut aboutir à un purpura
thrombopénique disséminé (1 cas pour 30.000 vaccinations à 1 cas pour 37.000 vaccinations)
(PEDERSEN-BJERGAARD U. et al. 1996) [4], à des hémorragies buccales et digestives
complications digestives :
•
inflammation du tube digestif (WAKEFIELD 1998) [5]
complications neurologiques :
•
certaines formes d'autisme appelé « autisme régressif » (WAKEFIELD 2002, 2003, 2005) [6] [7] [8]
[1]
Oski, F. A., & Naiman, J. L. (1966). Effect of live measles vaccine on the platelet count. N Engl J Med, 275(7), 352-356.
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Keywords: Adolescent; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets/*drug effects; Bone Marrow Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; *Measles Vaccine; Megakaryocytes;
Vaccination
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[2]
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Bottiger, M., Christenson, B., Romanus, V., Taranger, J., & Strandell, A. (1987). Swedish experience of two dose vaccination programme aiming at eliminating measles,
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mumps, and rubella. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 295(6608), 1264-1267.
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Abstract: In 1982 a two dose regimen was introduced in Sweden for the combined vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella of children aged 18 months and 12
years. Since 1977 about half of the preschool children were vaccinated against measles annually, and since 1974 about 80% of 12 year old girls were vaccinated against
rubella. During the period 1982 to 1985 90-93% of the eligible age cohorts of 18 month old children and 88-91% of the 12 year old children were immunised with the new
combined vaccine. A study in 1982 of about 140 18 month old children who were nearly all seronegative before vaccination showed that 96%, 92%, and 99% seroconverted
against measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively. A second study was carried out in 1983 of 247 12 year old children, of whom 11% lacked antibodies to measles, 27% to
mumps, and 45% to rubella. This showed seroconversion in 82% and 80% against measles and mumps, respectively, and all children seroconverted against rubella. In the
latest study in 1985 of 496 12 year olds 9% and 13% were seronegative against measles and mumps before vaccination, and 41% against rubella. Of these, 88%
seroconverted to measles and 80% to mumps, and all converted to rubella when sera were tested by the haemolysis in gel method. After a neutralisation test against
measles as well all children showed immunity to the disease. A low incidence of measles and declining figures for mumps and rubella were reported in 1984 to 1986. An
outbreak of rubella during 1985 affected mainly boys in age cohorts in which only the girls had been vaccinated during the 1970s.
Keywords: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; *Immunization Schedule; Immunization, Secondary; Infant; Male; Measles/*prevention & control; Measles
Vaccine/administration & dosage; Mumps/epidemiology/*prevention & control; Mumps Vaccine/administration & dosage; Rubella/epidemiology/*prevention & control; Rubella
Vaccine/administration & dosage; Sweden; *Vaccination
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[3]
Autret, E., Jonville-Bera, A. P., Galy-Eyraud, C., & Hessel, L. (1996). [Thrombocytopenic purpura after single or combined vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella].
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Arch Pediatr, 3(4), 393-394.
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Keywords: Child; Humans; Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects; Mumps Vaccine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects; Purpura,
Thrombocytopenic/*etiology; Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects; Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects
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[4]
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Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Andersen, M., & Hansen, P. B. (1996). Thrombocytopenia induced by noncytotoxic drugs in Denmark 1968-91. J Intern Med, 239(6), 509-515.
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Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the distribution of noncytotoxic drugs reported as cause of thrombocytopenia during a 24-year period, and to draw attention to the most
commonly involved drugs in modern clinical practice. DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective study of spontaneous case reports from the Danish reporting system on adverse
drug reactions. SUBJECTS: A total of 309 critically reviewed cases of drug-induced thrombocytopenia reported during the period from 1968 to the end of 1991. RESULTS:
Sodiumaurothiomalate and the combination sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim were the most commonly reported single drugs, and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs
were the most frequently reported category of drugs. A pronounced shift in the spectrum of causal drugs was observed due to the introduction of new drugs and alterations in
drug consumption. At present, valproic acid and measlesmumps-rubella vaccine are most numerously reported. The still-growing list of thrombocytopenia-inducing agents
contained 110 different drugs. At present, 20% of reported cases concern drugs not previously registered as causing thrombocytopenia in Denmark. Twenty-five per cent of
all cases were caused by drugs which appeared only sporadically in the material. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of drugs reported as causing drug-induced
thrombocytopenia is broadening and changing progressively, reflecting changes in drug consumption. The most frequently reported drugs at present are valproic acid and
measlesmumps-rubella vaccine.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects;
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects; Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects; Child; Child, Preschool; Denmark; Female; Gold Sodium
Thiomalate/adverse effects; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sex Distribution; Thrombocytopenia/*chemically induced;
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/adverse effects; Valproic Acid/adverse effects; Viral Vaccines/adverse effects
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[5]
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Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, A., Linnell, J., Casson, D. M., Malik, M., et al. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive
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developmental disorder in children (Vol. 351).
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder. METHODS: 12 children
(mean age 6 years [range 3-10], 11 boys) were referred to a paediatric gastroenterology unit with a history of normal development followed by loss of acquired skills,
including language, together with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Children underwent gastroenterological, neurological, and developmental assessment and review of
developmental records. Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy sampling, magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and lumbar puncture were done under
sedation. Barium follow-through radiography was done where possible. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological profiles were examined. FINDINGS: Onset of
behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in eight of the 12 children, with measles infection in one child, and
otitis media in another. All 12 children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic
inflammation in the colon in 11 children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative
psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal
laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with age-matched controls (p=0.003), low haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA
in four children. INTERPRETATION: We identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was
generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.
Keywords: Child; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities/*etiology; Enterocolitis/*etiology; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia/pathology; Ileum/*pathology; Lymphoid
Tissue/*pathology; Male; Measles/complications; Measles Vaccine/*adverse effects; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps Vaccine/*adverse effects; Otitis
Media/complications; Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects; Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects
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[6]
Wakefield, A. J. (2002). Enterocolitis, autism and measles virus. Mol Psychiatry, 7 Suppl 2, S44-6.
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Keywords: Age Factors; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology/*etiology/virology; Child, Preschool; Disease Susceptibility; Endoscopy, Digestive System;
Enterocolitis/*complications/epidemiology/immunology/pathology; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cellular; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal
Mucosa/*immunology/pathology; Measles virus/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects; Models, Immunological;
T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology; Th2 Cells/immunology
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[7]
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Wakefield, A. J. (2003). Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. N Engl J Med, 348(10), 951-4; author reply 951-4.
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Keywords: Autistic Disorder/*etiology/immunology; Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Epidemiologic Methods; Humans;
Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects; Mercury/adverse effects; Th2 Cells/immunology
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[8]
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Wakefield, A. J., Ashwood, P., Limb, K., & Anthony, A. (2005). The significance of ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children with autistic spectrum disorder. Eur J
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Gastroenterol Hepatol, 17(8), 827-836.
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal mucosal pathology, characterized by ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) and mild acute and chronic inflammation of the
colorectum, small bowel and stomach, has been reported in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). AIM: To assess ileo-colonic LNH in ASD and control children and
to test the hypothesis that there is an association between ileo-colonic LNH and ASD in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight consecutive
children with ASD (median age 6 years; range 2-16; 127 male) with gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated by ileo-colonoscopy. Macroscopic and histological features
were scored and compared with 30 developmentally normal (non-inflammatory bowel disease, non-coeliac disease) controls (median age 7 years; range 1-11; 25 male)
showing mild non-specific colitis in 16 cases (13 male) and normal colonic histology in 14 cases (12 male). Seventy-four ASD children and 23 controls also underwent upper
gastrointestinal endoscopy. The influence on ileal LNH of dietary restriction, age at colonoscopy, and co-existent LNH elsewhere in the intestine, was examined. RESULTS:
The prevalence of LNH was significantly greater in ASD children compared with controls in the ileum (129/144 (90%) vs. 8/27 (30%), P < 0.0001) and colon (88/148 (59%)
vs. 7/30 (23%), P = 0.0003), whether or not controls had co-existent colonic inflammation. The severity of ileal LNH was significantly greater in ASD children compared with
controls, with moderate to severe ileal LNH present in 98 of 144 (68%) ASD children versus 4 of 27 (15%) controls (P < 0.0001). Severe ileal LNH was associated with
co-existent colonic LNH in ASD children (P = 0.01). The presence and severity of ileal LNH was not influenced by either diet or age at colonoscopy (P = 0.2). Isolated ileal
LNH without evidence of pathology elsewhere in the intestine was a rare event, occurring in less than 3% of children overall. On histopathological examination, hyperplastic
lymphoid follicles are significantly more prevalent in the ileum of ASD children (84/138; 61%) compared with controls (2/23; 9%, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Ileo-colonic
LNH is a characteristic pathological finding in children with ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms, and is associated with mucosal inflammation. Differences in age at
colonoscopy and diet do not account for these changes. The data support the hypothesis that LNH is a significant pathological finding in ASD children.
Keywords: Adolescent; Autistic Disorder/*etiology/pathology; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colitis/complications/pathology; Colonic
Diseases/complications/pathology; Diet; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia/pathology; Ileal Diseases/complications/pathology;
Ileitis/complications/pathology; Intestinal Diseases/*complications/pathology; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology; Lymph Nodes/pathology; Lymphatic
Diseases/*complications/pathology; Male; Prospective Studies; Rectum/pathology
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Les effets secondaires du vaccin antirougeole (antimorbilleux)

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