1 | P age NON PAPER : FUTURE OF THE DDR PROCESS IN CAR

NON PAPER : FUTURE OF THE DDR PROCESS IN CAR Introduction: Following my attendance of the Fourth Annual Meeting of Senior DDR Managers held in Addis Ababa from 11 – 15 June 2012, I have consolidated this non-­‐paper for discussion with BINUCA on the way forward in respect of the DDR process in CAR. It is based on the lessons I have learned, and on information gathered and confirmed in Addis Ababa and Bangui before and after my attendance to this important meeting. The only intention is to share reflections and recommendations with the hope to constructively contribute to the forming or consolidation of a UN Strategy for DDR in CAR. This non-­‐paper is forward looking and does not cover the reinsertion pilot project which is to start implementation before 15th July 2012 to address the reinsertion needs of the first 4,963 demobilized ex combatants. Also, it has no ambition to be complete or all encompassing. Strategic Coordination of the DDR process: 1. Building on the momentum of the “Friends of CAR meeting” in New York, important financial partners of the CAR are willing to rejoin the DDR process. There is thus, an emerging need to articulate the roles and responsibilities of all major international partners of the DDR process. 2. In order to contribute to this clarification, I have consolidated the table below which could advance the dialogue led by the SRSG with all concerned parties. This table is simply gathering the most recent information gathered and confirmed in Bangui and Addis. Canevas des rôles et responsabilités au sein de la Communauté internationale Institutions Responsabilités Instances et/ou Moyens de mise en œuvre BINUCA 1
Appui au dialogue politique Groupe des Cinq (5) Coordination Stratégique du processus Présidence du Comité de Pilotage DDR DDR, avec un secrétariat renforcé par un expert spécialiste en coordination 1
Le Groupe des Cinq (5) en RCA est composé des Nations Unies, de l’Union Africaine, de l’Union Européenne, de la France, et, des Etats Unis d’Amérique. Le groupe des 5 est convoqué à la demande d’un de ses membres chaque fois que nécessaire, ou en cas de crise 1 | P a g e UNION EUROPEENNE BANQUE MONDIALE financé par l’Union Européenne Présidence du Groupe Technique par BINUCA/SIU Mise en œuvre de la réinsertion dans La coordination nationale pour la le Nord-­‐Ouest financée principalement réintégration du Ministère du DDR par le PBF avec l’appui du PAM (nourriture contre travail et formation) Appui au dialogue politique Groupe des 5 Financement du désarmement-­‐ PNUD : Exécution du désarmement-­‐
démobilisation, réinsertion et démobilisation (Nord-­‐est) réintégration dans le Nord-­‐est GIZ : Exécution de la réinsertion et de la réintégration (Nord-­‐est) Financement de la réinsertion-­‐ Pôles de Développement réintégration du point de vue communautaire dans le Nord-­‐ouest et Centre du pays Financement du relèvement Organisations non-­‐gouvernementales communautaire dans les zones internationales affectées par le DDR dans le Nord-­‐
ouest Renforcement technique de l’Unité 3 experts en réintégration des Institutions du Secteur de la 3 experts spécialistes de la LRA Sécurité du BINUCA (BINUCA/SIU) Financement de la réintégration du Projet agro-­‐pastoral en étroite point de vue communautaire dans le coordination avec la Banque Africaine Nord-­‐ouest de Développement (secteur de l’eau) et l’Union Européenne (Pôles de développement) Financement de la réintégration du A confirmer point de vue communautaire dans le Nord-­‐est Strategic Results-­‐based Framework 3. I have strongly recommended to my colleagues in Addis that a strategic results-­‐based framework be prepared as soon as possible. It will identify the main strategic results to be achieved and a clear distribution of roles and responsibilities among international 2 and national partners3. This results-­‐based framework will be based on the specificities of the CAR context and on the assets and capacities of actors concerned. In addition, this framework 2
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See table 1, page 2 To be finalized 2 | P a g e could address seven (7) components under the strategic political and coordination guidance of the SRSG Political dialogue to advance the DDR process: 4. I strongly recommend the reactivation of the Group of Five (5) to harmonize the views of its members on all political aspects related to the pursuit of the DDR process, namely, but not exclusively, in respect of the inclusion of the CPJP into the DDR process4. Strategic coordination of the DDR process: 5. The terms of reference and the composition of the DDR steering Committee should be redefined under the leadership of the SRSG. 6. Likewise, the terms of reference and the composition of the technical group in charge of preparing the strategic agendas of the steering committee, and the substantive issues to be decided upon should be redefined under the leadership of BINUCA/SIU. 7. It should be noted that the European Union, is ready to reinforce the strategic coordination of the DDR in CAR through a senior coordination specialist attached to the DDR Steering Committee, chaired by the SRSG. D1D2 in the Northeast: 8. There is indeed a remaining caseload of 5,200 Ex Combatants (XC) to be demobilized in the North East. The European Union has requested UNDP to be its implementing partner based on (i) the successful and professional D1D2 operation completed in the North West of the country for a caseload of 6,500 XC; (ii) the cost-­‐effectiveness and cost-­‐efficiency for keeping the same implementing partner; (iii) the network established on a basis of trust, neutrality, non discrimination, and mutual respect with the rebel groups, and local authorities. Reinsertion: 9. There is, and will be, a total remaining caseload of 6,700 demobilized to be reinserted. BINUCA recently concluded a partnership respectively with the World Bank and WFP. 10. The World Bank has indeed confirmed that it will reinforce the capacity of BINUCA/SIU by providing three reintegration experts. This additional capacity for BINUCA/SIU will come in support of the National Coordination Reintegration Unit that BINUCA/SIU has recently recruited to implement reinsertion activities. 11. The WFP will provide cash for work and cash for training to complement the reinsertion package being finalized by the National Reintegration Coordination Unit and BINUCA/SIU. 12. Additional funding may need to be mobilized to reinsert the 1,551 recently demobilized XC in the Center North of the country. 4
Serious difficulties are indeed to be anticipated with the MLCJ 3 | P a g e 13. The EU will address the reinsertion and reintegration needs of demobilized in the North East with GIZ. Reintegration: 14. The World Bank and the European Union strongly support reintegration from a community based view point. This is not in contradiction with the national strategy for reintegration finalized under the leadership of BINUCA/SIU and approved by the DDR Steering Committee in July 2011. This strategy indeed recommends both options: individual and community based reintegration. 15. Both the EU and the WB have already implemented or are implementing community-­‐based reintegration projects (also entitled “community recovery projects”). 16. The project financed by the EU5 and executed by FAO was implemented from June 2010 until July 2011. Initially planned to address individual reintegration needs of demobilized ex combatants, the EU decided to redirect this agro-­‐pastoral project towards communities hosting XC in the North West6. This was needed given the deadlock encountered for starting in 2010 the disarmament and demobilization operations in the North West. 17. The project financed by the World Bank7, executed by International NGOs8 in the North West 9
is also focusing since September 2011 on the hosting communities of XC. It aims at rehabilitating local basic infrastructure, agro-­‐pastoral income generating activities and social cohesion. 18. In addition, the EU recently started its “Poles de développement programme” in the area of Bozum which will be implemented in the North West and Centre of the country for 49 Million EURO. The World Bank announced in New York 10 the launching of an agro-­‐pastoral programme for 24 million USD in the same areas of the country. 19. These represent huge mid-­‐term investments that can cater for the community-­‐based reintegration needs of demobilized XC. The missing part remains community-­‐based reintegration in the North east of the country for which no plans are currently being elaborated. 20. In light of these developments, the DDR steering committee should take a strategic decision to pursue, or not, the individual reintegration of demobilized XC. If individual reintegration is 5
For 2,500,000 EURO (equivalent to 3,576,538 USD UN Rate of July 2011) Ouham, Ouham Pende, and Nana Gribizi 7
For 8,600,000 USD 8
ACTED, IRC, PREMIERE URGENCE, SOLIDARITES ET IRC 9
Nana Gribizi (IRC) and Ouham Pende (the other INGOs) 10
On 5th April 2012 during the « Friends of CAR Meeting » 6
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to be pursued, resource mobilization targets should be repackaged towards this component of the process. If need be, I would also recommend that UNDP/BCPR pursues its dialogue with the WB to explore the possibility of finalizing together with the EU a community recovery strategy. This strategy will be based on the lessons learned of the first community based development programmes implemented by the WB and the EU in the DDR affected areas of the North West. This community recovery strategy could bridge the individual reinsertion/reintegration of demobilized XC, and the gradual implementation of the mid-­‐term community-­‐based reintegration programmes by the EU and the WB, in all or in selected DDR affected areas that are most vulnerable from the security, political or socio-­‐economic view point. A first initial draft of the community recovery strategy is available following the recent mission of BCPR in support of the Resident Coordinator’s Office. This community recovery strategy could also constitute the main coordination platform for engaging other UNCT members in the reintegration effort that will be targeting the population of the DDR affected communities, including demobilized XC combatants, women and youth, and in an effort to mainstream DDR into community recovery. Of course, this community recovery strategy will need to be very closely coordinated with the “Pôles de Développement” programme that the EU is currently launching in DDR affected areas, with the WB agro-­‐pastoral programme announced in New York during the Friends of CAR Meeting in April 2012, and with directly relevant ongoing (or planed) programmes of the African Development Bank that has opened an office in CAR in early 2012. 5 | P a g e United Nations DDR Unit 25. The idea of establishing a joint DDR Unit could be further explored to reinforce planning, coordination and coherence of all UN actors directly supporting the DDR process. Budget 26. The budget should include the financial contributions of all financial and technical partners, including that of the Government. We should indeed capitalize on the positive development that occurred on the occasion the D1D2 operation in the Center north, whereby the Government honored its commitment for providing 200 million XAF for this operation. AMC/amc Bangui, 20 June 2012. 6 | P a g e