Abstracts - African Acarology Association

Hammamet 22-26 octobre 2007
 VETERINARY SESSION / SESSION VETERINAIRE
Oral Communications
Agglutination activities in four ticks ; Ornithodoros lahorensis , O. tholozani,
O. canestrini and Argas persicus.
Hamid R. Basseri, Maryam Kamali, , Javad Rafinejad et Mandan Aboulhasani
Lectins are proteins which are important in interactions between pathogens and vectors
arthropods. In this study, the ticks including Ornithodoros tholozani,O.lahorensis,O.canestrini
and Argas persicus were collected from west part of Iran and all were dissected 5 days after
blood feeding in a laboratory condition. Regarding to examine lectin activities, extract
proteins from different tissues (hemolymph, salivary glands, whole body and midgut) of the
ticks were obtained. Then the proteins were applied for agglutination activity against twelve
types of erythrocytes (mouse, rabbit, rat, chicken, human A,B,O,AB, guinea pig, horse, dog,
sheep) at concentration of 2% RBCs in Tris-Hcl buffer. The results showed that the highest
agglutination activities in all tissues were observed against dog erythrocytes. Thus, dog RBC
was candidated for further studies.
The following results revealed that the lectins of all tissues from Ornithodoros
lahorensis agglutinated the dog RBC. The maximum activity was found in the salivary gland
extracts with titer at 4096 dilutions followed by whole body extract at maximum 1024 while
the hemolymph of tick agglutinated the RBC at titer 32. On the contrary no agglutination
activity was obtained from tissues of Ornithodoros tholozani ,and Argas persicus against
native RBCs and even trypsin treated RBCs. In addition, proteins from different tissues of
Ornithodoros canestrini except hemolymph, showed agglutination activity. The maximum
activity was obtained from salivary glands of O. canestrini at the titer of 512 , while for gut
and whole body was 256. Generally, the pattern of agglutination activities within tissues as
well as among different species are varied.
Studies on the response of Amblyomma variegatum ticks (Ixodidae) to
varying concentrations of the synthetic Atraction-Aggregation-Attachment
Pheromone (AAAP) under laboratory conditions
Maranga, R.O
The response of nymph, adult male and female Amblyomma variegatum ticks to
varying concentrations of the synthetic Attraction-Aggregation-Attachment Pheromone
(AAAP)was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Ticks used in the experiment were reared in
the laboratory while the components of the synthetic pheromone were obtained from SigmaAldrich Company Ltd., and mixed in the recommended ratios of 2:1:8 for ortho-nitrophenol.
methyl salicylate and nonanoic acid respectively. The concentrations from which either
dilutions or increments were done was 1.1mg of AAAP, being the amount produced by one
feeding A. variegatum male. The T- tube olfactometer method was used for the bioassays.
Results obtained indicated that the number of ticks attracted to AAAP decreased when the
concentration was decreased by a factor of 10, with males recording a faster decrease in
response followed by females and nymphs. The number of males and females responding
positively to increasing concentrations of AAAP decreased sharply and ANOVA results
indicated that there were no significant differrences in response between males and females
(P>0.05). 1.1mg of AAAP was the most attractive concentration in the laboratory for the
males and females, while the best positive response by nymphs to AAAP was obtained at a
concentration of 1.1x10 (-2).
A de novo cDNA studies of Hyalomma dromedarii Koch (Acari: Ixodidae)
Hanan S.M. Gabr, Kouka S.E. Abdel Waheb et Kawther M.El Kammah
RNA extracted from Hyalomma dromedarii salivary gland and gut of unfed females
and from larvae and embryonated eggs were reverse transcribed into cDNA and amplified
with PCR. The second PCR amplicons, 400 - 500 bp obtained from the purified first PCR
cycle product was used to start cloning process. Farther rasearsh steps are ongoing for
developing an expression of immunogenes to protect against the camel tick H. dromedarii.
Posters session
Epidemiology of Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in endemic foci of Iran.
Rafinejad J., Banafshi O et Biglarian F
Tick-borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) which is caused by Borrelia persica is an acute
and infectious disease that is transmitted by soft tick, Ornithodoros tholosani. This disease is
broadly distributed in highland areas of west and northwest of Iran particularly in rural
regions. Due to importance of this disease in the area and its uprising cases,this study was
carried out during 2000-2004 in, Bijar district (Kurdestan province), where the prevalence of
disease have been highly reported. The study followed by taking blood samples from patients,
stained with Gimsa,to determined percentage of infectious patients as well as collecting the
tick vector to find out distribiution of vector infectivity of O.tholozani to Borrelia persica.
Results revealed that among 97 patients, 88 were living in rural and 9 were lived in urban
areas. The most infectious cases were found among 63 patients during summer in witch 24 of
them were reported in July. Moreover 42 cases were found among ages between 10-19 while
54.6% of patients were males.Among 8537 collected argasid ticks from Bijar,45.7% belonged
to Argas species and 54.3% were Ornithodoros species. Among 392 collected specimens of
O.tholozani, 3% were found to be infected with B.persica. O.tholozani occasionally enters to
human dwellings and feed on their blood, transfering the pathogen from animals to human.
Natural infection of Ticks found in burrows with Borrelia microti in
Moghan Region (IRAN)
Hamid Belgheiszadeh et M. Abdigoudarzi, Razi
Relapsing fever is an acute and infectious disease which is produced by a group of
bacteria of genus Borrelia. Five species of Ornithodoros are known from Iran. Three species
including, O. tholozani, O. erraticus and O. tartakovskyi harbour and transmit Borrelia spp. in
nature. Moghan area located in North-Eastern part of Iran was selected for study and 117
rodent burrows were dug. There were 87 active burrows. Totally, 106 adults and nymphs of
ticks were collected. Most ticks were collected from Meriones The collected ticks were fed on
12 rats in laboratory then from third day on hosts were bleed at the tip of tail region and blood
smears have been studied. Borrelia microti was confirmed in three rats. Rodents from the
same region were trapped It is concluded that 25% of burrows had infected ticks. Rattus rattus
and Rattus norvegicus were prevalent species of collected rodents.
 SOIL MITES SESSION / SESSION ACARIENS DU SOL
Oral Communications
Ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) of South Africa.
Niedbała Wojciech
Seventeen genera and subgenera of ptyctimous mites are currently known from
southern Africa, represented by seventy nine species, including five Mesoplophoridae, twenty
two Euphthiracaroidea and fifty two Phthiracaroidea. Two third of the species are new: four
Mesoplophoridae, fourteen Euphthiracaroidea and thirty six Phthiracaroidea. These fifty four
species are described.
From among Phthiracaroidea, the most abundantly represented is Notophthiracarus –
twenty nine species, then Phthiracarus – fourteen species. From among Euphthiracaroidea the
most abundant is Indotritia – eight species, while the primitive Oribotritia and the evolved
Acrotritia are represented by four species each.
The percent of species whose distribution is restricted to southern Africa is very
high, 82 %, of which 44 % are endemic species and 38 % are indigenous species. The
widespread species make barely 14 % (7.6 % pantropical and 6.3 % semicosmopolitan).
Endemic and indigenous species occur almost over the whole area of South Africa. They were
found in the greatest number in Western Cape and in KwaZulu-Natal.
The largest number of endemic and indigenous species was found in forests, mainly in
afromontane forests, fewer in the fynbos formation and fewest in the grassland formation and
thickets biome.
Although the percent of the species restricted in distribution to South Africa is high,
it is lower than in the Neotropical Region but similar to that in other regions of the Southern
Hemisphere. The degree of similarity to the ptyctimous mite fauna of other regions is very
small.
On the basis of harmonious representation of both phylogenetically old, primitive
genera and the evolved genera of ptyctimous mites and a simultaneous absence of a few
genera it is difficult to conclude about the fauna being harmonic or dysharmonic. Thus, it is
hard to suggest a dispersal origin or vicariant origin over land connections. The present faunas
have formed in independent ways and have mixed character.
Preliminary study on the occurrence of soil mites at El-Magarh region,Sinaieninsula
Hamdy Mahmoud El-Sharabasy
This investigation was the first at El-Magarh region,Sinai Peninsula for soil mites
collected from different materials. During these investigation fourteen soil mite species
belonging to fourteen genera and twelve families. These mite species were classified into four
suborder; Mesostigmata; three families, Prostigmata ; five families, Astigmata ; one family
and Cryptostigmata; three families. Prosigmatid mites have been found as numerically
dominant among the soil mites ( 7 species and 95 individuals).
Two new species for the Oribatid mites of eastern Tehran, Iraný
Neda Kheradpir, Pakyari, H. et Soomi, F
Oribatid mites are important micro-arthropod in most terrestrial ecosystems and have
ýbecome the focus of great interest in edaphic mites systemetics. The aim of this study was
ýto investigate this class species diversity in a region in eastern Tehran, Iran, Sorkhe Hesar
ýgarden between 2006 and 2007. Identified species were confirmed by Louise Quetzee ýand
Lizel Hugo at Department of Acarology in National Museum, Bloemfotein, South ýAfrica.
Totally 10 species in seven families were collected that six species belong to four ýfamilies
were identified and presented in this study. Two species were considered new to ýthe Iranian
fauna that are marked by asterisk.
Cryptostigmata- Galumnidae: Galumna discifera* Balogh, Galumna dimidiate*
ýEngelbrecht; Epilohmanniidae: Epilohmannia cylindrica Berlese; Oribatulidae: Oribatula
ýtibialis Nicolet, Oribatula (=Zygoribatula) connexa Berlese; Tectocepheidae: ýTectocepeus
minor Berlese.
Observations on the biology of the genera Hericia and Fusohericia, inhabitants of
sap flux on trees (Algophagidae; Hericiinae; Astigmata)
Norman J. Fashing
Sap flux (= slime flux) on tree trunks is the result of a wound to the tree and
subsequent bacterial infection. It forms a specialized habitat with unique inhabitants that
include two genera in the astigmatid mite family Algophagidae, Fusohericia and Hericia. Both
genera are widely distributed, having been recorded from Europe, Asia and North America.
Direct observation under a dissecting microscope as well as phase contrast and scanning
electron microscopy were used to investigate the biology of Fusohericia lawrenci and an
undescribed species of Hericia, both found in the eastern deciduous forest of the USA. While
F. lawrenci shows a definite preference for sap flux on tulip trees, Hericia n. sp. shows a
preference for fermenting sap flux on oak trees. Specialized mouthparts “strain” fungal
hyphae and other microorganisms from the sap flux. Both genera demonstrate a unique form
of locomotion in which legs I and II are robust, originate dorsally, and are used to pull the
mite rapidly through the sap flux; legs III and VI are dragged along behind. Sap flux is not
active during the winter months and it is unknown how the mites overwinter. Dispersal is by
deutonymphs phoretic on insects that reside in sap flux or use it as a food source. Hericia n.
sp. also has a second form of deutonymph that is non-phoretic and apparently adapted to
remain on a tree and await a possible future sap flux. Both genera also demonstrate interesting
and unique morphological adaptations in regard to mating behavior. Males of both genera
display mate guarding behavior, however evidence to date indicates guarding is precopulatory in Hericia males and post-copulatory in Fusohericia males.
Comparison of Oribatid mites from soils with contrastant irrigation types in two
agroecosystems in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
Ricardo Iglesias, José G. Palacios-Vargas et Gabriela Castaño-Meneses
The municipality of San Salvador, Hidalgo, Mexico, is an important agricultural
surface in central Mexico. The use the residual water which come from Mexico City and
neighbour areas to water crops is common there. Those liquids contain big amounts of
nutrients and organic matter, nevertheless they are also rich in chemical substances as remains
of pesticids, aromatic compounds and heavy metals.
We have studied the community of oribatids mites in two different irrigation
agricultural plots (residual waters vs. well waters) in the municipality of San Salvador. Two
agricultural plots, one irrigated with residual waters (San Salvador) and the other with well
water (El Bondho) were selected. Bimonthly sampling was done from December 1998 to
October 1999, taken 10 random samples at each occasion and in each plot. The mites were
extracted by Berlese funnels. A total of 2,448 oribatids mites was quantified and identified;
1,345 from the San Salvador and 1,103 from El Bondho. A richness of 18 species in the first
locality and 14 was in the second were recorded. The maximum abundances in percentage
were for: Tectocepheus elegans (48%), Scheloribates sp. (15%) and Oppiella nova (13%) in
San Salvador, and: Zygoribatula connexa (74%) and Ramusella sp. (10%) in El Bondho. The
density of oribatids in San Salvador was higher than in El Bondho (2360 and 1935 ind/m2,
respectively). Nevertheless the heavy metal concentrations in the residual water plot was
significantly higher than the well water plot, no significant statistically effect of irrigation
type was detected on oribatid density, but composition of oribatid community was different in
the both plots. Tectocepheus elegans and Scheloribates sp. are very resistant to the heavy
metal contamination.
Ecology and mating Behavior of a bark inhabiting Astigmatid mite Histiostomatidae)
Stefan Wirth
Aspects of the mating bahavior and the ecology of Histiostoma n. sp. (Astigmata)
were studied. As usual for histiostomatids H. n. sp. lives in a humid environment and feeds
microorganisms. Its natural habitat is wooden substrate of a tree hole, in which different mite
species were found. Under laboratory conditions a predatory gamasid mite was observed to
feed on eggs, larvae and cadavers of H. sp.
The life cycle duration of H. n. sp. was determined, and it was found that males
develop earlier than females obviously to guard the female tritonymphs before their final
molt. Nevertheless females mated several times again and produced several batches of viable
eggs.
Due to a derived unusual feeding behaviour H. n. sp. persisted with Histiostoma
feroniarum in the same habitat obviously without any food competition. It was several times
documented, that males of H. n. sp. tried unsuccessfully to mate females of H. feroniarum. An
incompatibility of the copulation structures in those different histiostomatid species is
obviously one of the reasons for the failed matings. Therefore the function morphologies of
the male aedeagus and the female copulation opening were studied more closely.
Posters session
Morphological adaptations associated with mating behavior in the natatorial
genus Creutzeria (Histiostomatidae: Astigmata), an inhabitant of
the fluid-filled pitchers of Nepenthes (Nepentheaceae)
Norman J. Fashing
A number of genera of Hististomatidae inhabit phytotelmata, being found fully
submerged and filtering organic matter from the fluid. One such phytotelm habitat is the fluidfilled pitchers of species of Nepenthes, a carnivorous plant genus widely distributed in the
South Pacific. As in most histiostomatid species, males of Nepenthes-inhabiting mites seek
out tritonymphal females and guard them from other males, a behavior termed “precopulatory
mate guarding”. Upon ecdysis to adult, mating takes place. Successful mate guarding prevents
other males from gaining access to a virgin female and helps insure the guarding male‟s
paternity of any resultant offspring. While most Nepenthes-inhabiting genera are ambulatory,
walking about on decomposing arthropods in the pitchers, species of the genus Creutzeria are
natatory, propelling themselves through the fluid using legs greatly modified for this purpose.
Males of purely ambulatory species typically climb onto the dorsum of a tritonymphal female
and firmly clasp her idiosoma with their legs. Two pairs of legs are used for clutching the
female; the other two pairs are very long, thereby allowing the male to walk about while
holding the securely clasped female off the substrate. Swimming is a more laborious task,
especially since the male must propel not only himself through the fluid but also the quiescent
female. Direct observation under a dissecting microscope as well as phase contrast and
scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the morphological adaptations associated
with mate guarding and mating in the genus Creutzeria. Legs I are greatly modified for
clasping a female during mate guarding and legs III and IV for swimming. Legs II are a
morphological compromise, being used for swimming as well as for grasping the substrate for
resting when legs I are occupied with a female.
Life history and biology of Hormosianoetus mallotae (Histiostomatidae: Astigmata),
an obligatory inhabitant of water-filled treehoes
Norman J. Fashing
Water-filled treeholes are in reality tiny ponds in the woodland ecosystem and provide
a unique habitat for a number of different organisms that make up the treehole community.
The community is a detritus based system that relies primarily on decomposing leaves from
the autumn leaf drop as an energy source. Among the arthropod inquilines is a histiostomatid
mite, Hormosianoetus mallotae, an obligate inhabitant that filters microorganisms and other
organic matter from the fluid. While larvae, protonymphs, tritonymphs and adults are found in
the treeholes throughout the year, deutonymphs are present only in May and June when
conditions are optimal for population growth by the treehole residents. Deutonymphs
therefore do not form in response to adverse conditions, but rather to serve purely as dispersal
agents for colonizing new treeholes and for outcrossing among populations. Deutonymphs are
phoretic on another obligate treehole inhabitant, species in the syrphid fly genus Mallota that
are also found as adults only during that same time of year. Hormosianoetus mallotae is
arrhenotokous and disperse only as female deutonymphs, dispersants mating with their
haploid male offspring. Females are ovoviviparous, retaining eggs in the reproductive system
during embryonic development and giving birth to fully formed larvae. Development from
egg to adult is approximately 14 days for males and 20 days for females. Like other mite
inhabitants of the treehole community, H. mallotae is a K-selected species.
Introduction of some oribatid mites of Darab region, Fars province, southern Iran
Mohammadi Khoramabadi A et M. A. Akrami
During 2005-2007, in a faunestic survey of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in Darab
region of Fars province, 20 species belonging to 16 genera and 14 families were collected.
Among which, one genus and one subgenus that marked by asterisk are new records for Iran.
All species are new records for Darab region of Fars province.
Rhysotritia ardua (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Euphthiracaridae); Papillacarus aciculatus
(Berlese,1904) (Lohmanniidae); Epilohmannia cylindrica cylindrica, (Berlese,1904)
(Epilohmanniidae); Nothrus biciliatus Koch,1841, (Nothridae); Plesiodamaeus ornatus PerezInigo,1972, Joshuella* sp. (Gymnodamaeidae); Fosseremus quadripertitus (Grandjean,1954)
(Damaeolidae); Licnodamaeus sp. (Licnodamaeidae), Graptoppia (Graptoppia)* sp.,
Ramusella(Ramusella) sp., Ramusella (Insculptoppiella) sp. nr. varians (Wallwork,1961)
(Oppiidae); Suctobelbella sp., (Suctobelbidae); Tectocepheus velatus (Michael,1880), T.
minor Berlese,1903 (Tectocepheidae); Zetomotrichus bidentatus Hammer, 1977
(Zetomotrichidae); Scheloribates sp. ( Scheloribatidae); Oribatula (Zygoribatula) connexa
Berlese,1904, Oribatula (Zygoribatula) sp. nr. skrjabini Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967,
Oribatula (Zygoribatula) sp. nr. undulata (Berlese,1916) (Oribatulidae); Galumna sp.
(Galumnidae).
Introduction of some oribatid mites of Markazi province (Iran)
S. R. Bastan, M. A. Akrami, A. Saboori et R. Vafaiei Shoshtari
During 2004-2006, in a faunestic survey of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in
Markazi province, some species of these mites were collected. Among which, one genus and
two species that marked by asterisk are new records for Iran. All species are new records for
Markazi province.
Sphaerochthonius splendidus (Berlese,1904) (Sphaerochthoniidae); Hypochthonius
rufulus Koch,1936 (Hypochthoniidae); Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) michaeliana
Berlese,1904 (Mesoplophoridae); Rhysotritia ardua (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Euphthiracaridae);
Phthiracarus lentulus (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Phthiracaridae); Lohmannia turcmenica BulanovaZachvatkina,1960, Papillacarus aciculatus (Berlese,1904) Mixacarus sp. nr. vanhonggui*
Mahunka,1973 (Lohmanniidae); Epilohmannia cylindrica cylindrica, (Berlese,1904)
(Epilohmanniidae); Nothrus biciliatus Koch,1841, (Nothridae); Medioppia sp. , Oppiella nova
(Oudemans, 1902), Oppia sp. , Ramusella (Ramusella) sp. , Ramusella (R.) puertomonttensis
Hammer,1962, R. (Rectoppia) sp. , R. (Insculptoppia) insculpta (Paoli,1908), Anomaloppia
sp. nr. mazandranica Akrami & Subias, 2007, Multioppia sp. nr. laniseta Moritz,1966
(Oppiidae); Amerobelba sp. (Amerobelbidae); Plesiodamaeus sp. nr. ornatus PerezInigo,1972 (Gymnodamaeidae), Eremulus avenifer Berlese, 1913 (Eremulidae); Tectocepheus
velatus (Michael,1880), T. minor Berlese,1903 (Tectocepheidae); Microzetorchestes sp.
(Zetorchestidae); Berleszetes sp. nr. aegypticus (Bayoumi, 1977) (Microzetidae);
Bipassalozetes sp. (Passalozetidae); Zetomotrichus* sp. nr. bidentatus* Hammer, 1977
(Zetomotrichidae).
Introduction of oribatid mites of Firoozabad region, Fars province, Iran
M. J. Hajian , M. A. Akrami et A. Saboori
During 2005-2007 in a faunistic survey of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in
Firoozabad region, Fars province, some species of these mites were collected. All species are
new records for Firoozabad region.
Hypochthonius luteus Oudemans, 1917 (Hypochthonidae);
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) Michaeliana Berlese, 1904 (Mesoplophoridae);
Lohmannia turcmenica Bulanova-Zakhvatkina, 1960 (Lohmanniidae);
Phthiracarus sp. (Phthiracaridae);
Rhysotritia ardua (C. L. Koch,1841) (Euphthiracaridae);
Nothrus biciliatus Koch,1841 (Nothridae);
Gymnodamaeus sp. (Gymnodamaeidae);
Licnodamaeus fissuratus (Balogh & Mahunka, 1965) (Licnodamaeidae);
Tectocepheus velatus (Michael,1880), T. minor Berlese, 1903 (Tectocepheidae);
Corynoppia sp., Multioppia wilsoni Aoki,1964 (Oppiidae);
Passalozetes africanus Grandjean,1932 (Passalozetidae);
Zetomotrichus sp. (Zetomotrichidae);
Brasilobates sp., Protoribates paracapucinus (Mahunka, 1988) (Protoribatidae);
Oribatula sp. nr. pallida Banks,1906, Oribatula (Zygoribatula) sp. nr. skrjabini, (BulanovaZakhvatkina,1967), O. (Z.) sp. nr. connexa Berlese, 1904, O. (Z.) sp. nr. undulata Berlese,
1916 (Oribatulidae); Baloghiella granulata Bayartogtokh & Akrami, 2000 (Haplozetidae);
Scheloribates sp. (Scheloribatidae);
Mycobates sp.(Mycobatidae); Galumna sp., Pilogalumna sp.(Galumnidae).
Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) as vectors of Moniezia spp.
(Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in Iran
M. A. Akrami, A. Saboori et A. Eslami
During 2004-2005, in the course of the surveys on oribatid mites as intermediate hosts
of tapeworms of the family Anoplocephalidae (Cestoda) and the transmission of Moniezia
Cysticercoids in the pastures of Mazandaran province, northern Iran, a total of 42 species
belonging to 35 genera and 21 families of these mites were isolated and examined for the
presence of cysticercoid. Among them, only one specimen of Galumna iranensis Mahunka &
Akrami, 2001, and one specimen of Scheloribates fimbriatus Thor, 1930, were found as
natural vectors of cestode parasites, that harboured a single cysticercoid in their body cavity.
These two species together with G. karajica Mahunka & Akrami, 2001, were subsequently
used in an infection trial using Moniezia expansa and M. benedeni eggs. Tapeworm
cysticercoids were recovered only in S. fimbriatus, that was exposed to M. expansa eggs.
Fully developed cysticercoid were found after 30 to 40 days after incubation under conditions
of 28±1°C and 90±5% RH. An average of 70.8% S. fimbriatus got the infection of M.
expansa and average number of cysticercoids formed was 1.9 per mite, and the largest number
of cysticercoids per mite was six. The percentage of exposed mites surviving varied from 93.3
to 100%, while in the control group this parameter reached 80%. Non of the mites positive for
cysticercoids contained mite eggs in their body cavity, whereas eggs were present in some of
the non infected specimens and one-third of control group. The maximum number of isolated
eggs was six.
Also one specimen of G. karajica which was exposed to M. expansa eggs, was found
infected that harboured seven cysticercoids, suggesting that probably it was infected in the
nature with the cestode other than M. expansa.
Specific diversity of (Order:Cryptostigmata) collected from Sorkhe Hesar forest region
(vinicity of Tehran) and new records of three species from Iran
H. Pakyari, N. Kheradpir, F. Soomi
During 2006-2007 a faunistic studies were carried out on the edaphic mites in SorkheHesar forest park of Tehran. A Total of 6 species and 5 family from this order were collected
and identified.Identificatious were confirmed by Dr.Louice Quetzee and Dr. Lizel Hugo
(Department of Acarology,National museum,Bloemfotein,South Africa) and specimens were
deposited at the Acarology collection of the Entomology Department,Islamic Azad
University. They are listed below , three species which are marked by asterisks respectively
are new records for Iran.
1)Microzetoidea Mictozetidae Berlezetes ornatissimus* (Berlese, 1913)
2)Oripodoidea Protoribatidae Protoribates paracapucinus (Mahunka, 1988)
3)Gymnodamaeoidea Gymnodamaeidae Jacotella glaber* (Mihelčič, 1957)
4)Oripodoidea Oribatulidae Oribatula (Zygoribatula) connexa Berlese, 1904
5)Oripodoidea Oribatulidae Oribatula tibialis (Nicolet, 1955)
6)Oripodoidea Protoribatidae Protoribates (Triaungius) maximus* (Mahunka, 1988)
 SESSION ACARIENS PHYTOPHAGES / MITES IN AGRICULTURE
Oral Communications
SEM Study of Tetranychus evansi (Tetranychidae) on tomatoes
Louwrens Tiedt
The tomato spider mite Tetranychus evansi BAKER and PRITCHARD, is one of the
important dry season pests in Southern Africa. Currently it is known to occur in all countries
from South Africa north to the equator and also in Somalia, Morocco and Tunisia. The spider
mite mainly feeds on leaves and typical feeding symptoms are small light coloured spots that
appear on the leaf surface and multiply as the feeding mite population enlarges. Under
laboratory conditions, without mite control, the whole plant gradually became straw coloured
from the lower leaves up because of the loss of cell contents.
These mites are parenchyma-sucking mites and acquire food by penetrating the leaf
with their stylets and suck out the cell contents. These long slender, grooved stylets are the
moving digits of the chelicerae. The stylets fit together to form a food channel that ends
distally in a tapered end that pierces the leaf surface and through which the plant juice is
sucked. From SEM images it seems that penetration of the leaf with the stylet is a hammer
drill action. When feeding, large quantities of plant juice and cell organelles pass through the
digestive system. According to literature, 20 – 25% of the female body weight passes through
the gut every 30 min. That is about one hundred parenchyma cells punctured and emptied in 5
min. The mite population disperse over the whole plant because of food shortage and move up
the plant to concentrate around the periphery from where they move to other plants. This
feeding can have a devastating effect on crops if not controlled in the early stages of
infestation.
Palptarsal eupathidial spinnerets produces silk as single strands or woven webbing that
can form a canopy over the whole plant and are used as: pathways over the foliage, a way of
dispersing and as protection against mite predators. The silk strands are used to fastening the
eggs onto the foliage, or to suspend them in the air. The production of silk is also used in
various courtship associated purposes as well as fighting between males.
Approche évolutive de l’étude des invasions biologiques: biogéographie et
écologie de l’acarien rouge de la tomate, Tetranychus evansi
Boubou Angham et Navajas Maria
L‟utilisation des marqueurs moléculaires est devenue une approche pertinente pour les
études de l‟histoire des espèces envahissantes. L‟ADN mitochondriale (ADNmt) et les gènes
de l‟ADN ribosomique nucléaire (ADNr) ont déjà montré leur potentialité informative pour
les études de phylogéographie, permettant dans certains cas d‟établir l‟histoire récente des
espèces.
L‟acarien rouge de a tomate Tetranychus evansi a été signalé pour la première fois en
1952 au Brésil (Silva, 1954), d‟où il est probablement originaire. Cet acarien constitue
actuellement une espèce envahissante en Afrique australe et orientale et plus récemment dans
le bassin Méditerranéen (Ferragut, Escudero, 1999; Knapp et al., 2003; Migeon, 2005). Notre
travail sur T. evansi a pour but de i) retracer les routes de colonisation de nouvelles zones
géographiques et ii) comprendre les bases du fort potentiel invasif de l‟espèce.
Pour aborder le premier but, nous avons utilisé un fragment du gène codant pour la
Cytochrome Oxydase sous-unité I (COI) de l‟ADNmt (950 pb) et la région ITS1-5.8S-ITS2
de l‟ADNr (1250 pb) afin d‟analyser un vaste échantillonnage des aires d‟introduction (le
bassin Méditerranéen et l‟Afrique). Les premiers résultats montrent que deux haplotypes ont
envahi l‟Afrique alors que trois différents haplotypes ont été rencontrés dans le bassin
Méditerranéen. Cela suggère que deux sources d‟introduction ont eu lieu en Afrique. En
revanche, il apparaît plusieurs sources d‟introduction dans le bassin Méditerranéen.
Le deuxième but sera réalisé par l‟étude de certains traits d‟histoire de vie des acariens
introduites et d‟origine dans le but de faire la part entre un éventuel élargissement de la niche
écologique (spectre de plantes-hôtes) et une agressivité accrue dans les nouvelles régions
envahies. La plasticité et potentiel de sélection de ces traits nous aideront à comprendre son
adaptation rapide aux nouveaux environnements et son succès d‟invasion.
Molecular Characterization of Brazilian and African isolates of
Neozygites tanajoae (Entomophthorales: Noozygitaceae) using two specific
country pairs of primers with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Bonaventure V. Agboton; Andreas Von Tiedemann; Italo Delalibera; Rachid Hanna et
Birger Koopmann
Two specific country pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed in 2003 with the
collaboration between IITA, Cornell University and the University of Sao for the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR)- based on detection and differential identification of Neozygites
tanajoae (Entomopathogen: fungi) isolates (Brazlian and African), all of which cause some
degree of infectivity to cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari:
Tetranychidae). Those markers were tested in this work, against Brazilian strains and more
indigenous strains from Africa in location where Neozygites tanajoae from Brazil were not
introduced. Indeed PCR was run using directly DNA samples from a single mummified mite
and secondary five mummified mites from each isolate which were collected from different
locations in Africa and Brazil. The first pair NEOSSU_F / NEOSSU_R amplified 100% of all
of Neozygites tanajoae (Brazilian and African isolates) which were sporulated and 100 % of
no sporulated isolates were not amplified with the same primers also well the sterile water and
uninfected cadaver mite (as negative control). Thus result confirms that the primer pair
NEOSSU_F / NEOSSU_R is highly specific for Neozygites tanajoae. However the second
country pair primers 8DDC_F / 8DDC_R amplified 8 isolates from 14 sporulated which were
reordered during the study, that represented 57,14% of sporulated strains. Those species were
Brazilian and Africans specially collection of Benin where Brazilian isolates were introduced
since 1999 for CGM control. The 6 remain no amplified, were the isolates from Tanzania,
from some locations in Benin where the Brazilian isolates does not reach yet. This shows that
the Brazilian specific primers don‟t amplify the indigenous fungus from Africa. The both
specific country pair primers are really indicated for detection and differential identification
of Neozygites tanajoae isolates from Brazil and Africa.
The developmental time of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae)
on different accessions of African nightshade species
L.K. Murungi, M. Knapp, B.A. Nyende, P.W. Massinde et J.M. Wesonga
Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard is one of the major pests of tomatoes in
Kenya. T. evansi has been found infesting nightshades which are among the three top priority
African indigenous vegetables identified for further research and improvement due to their
potential role in improving the nutritional and economic status of marginalized and poor rural
populations in Africa. Small-scale producers of African nightshade require simple methods of
managing the key pests as a means of minimizing yield losses. Host plant resistance, is a
valuable means of inexpensive reduction in pest-caused losses. There is no information
existing on the influence of African nightshade species on biology of T. evansi. The duration
of immature development of T. evansi, could indicate the occurrence of any „antibiosis‟
mechanism in African nightshade species. The developmental time of T. evansi from egg to
adult was investigated on five accessions of different African nightshade species. Newly laid
eggs were put on respective leaf disks of individual accessions. Eggs were observed daily and
development from egg-larva, larvae-protonymph, protonymph-deutonymph, and deutonymphadult recorded. The effect of treatments on developmental time was determined by ANOVA
and SNK test. The results indicate that in one of the accessions an insignificant number of
individuals reached adulthood although the developmental time was not significantly different
on the five accessions.
Subsocialité et démographie chez Tetranychus urticae (acari tetranychidae)
T. Hance et G. Legoff
Chez les acariens Tetranyque et particulièrement chez Tetranychus urticae la rapidité de la
croissance démographique est étroitement dépendante de la structure d‟âge de la population
initiale (Hance et Van Impe, 1999). Cette structure d‟âge initiale est le résultat des stratégies
de dispersion et de colonisation de la plante-hôte et notamment du mouvement des jeunes
femelles adultes qui impulsent une croissance rapide dépendant de leur forte fécondité. En
outre, l‟augmentation locale de densité semble se marquer par un effet positif sur l‟espérance
de vie et la fécondité. Celle-ci pourrait être liée à une forme de coopérativité.
Les conséquences de cette double stratégie -colonisation des plantes par les jeunes femelles
et coopérativité - sur la démographie est explorée à l‟aide d‟un modèle de simulation
numérique.
Aggregation and egg production in Tetranchus urticae (Acari : Tetranychidae)
Guillaume Le Goff, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Claire Detrain ,
Catherine Mailleux et Thierry Hance
Tetranychus urticae is a major pest in many cultures. Most of the studies realised on
this mite concerned its management whereas behavioural aspect were generally not
considered. However, T. urticae exhibit a kind of subsocial organisation characterised by the
spinning of a common web, haplo-diploid reproduction, aggregation behaviour and probably
kin discrimination and aggregation pheromones production. Aggregation for instance is an
adaptation that could present several advantages such as an increase in survival by dilution
effect regarding predators or positive influence on fecundity by cooperative mechanisms.
In that context, our aim was precisely to analyse the consequence of group effect on
fecundity and on web spinning. Groups of 2, 4, 6 and 10 adult females aged of less than 1 day
were compared to isolated individuals regarding eggs and amount of faeces production per
day during 5 days. They were placed on leaf disc of an area proportional to number to avoid
density effect. Two inbred strain were compared to define the role of genetic proximity on the
behaviour observed. Faceas could be considered as an indicator of web production.
It appeared that number of eggs laid as well as faeces production per female increased well
according to number. This indicates a positive group effect and a possible cooperation effect,
first step to sub-sociality.
Studies on the determination and host plants of Tenuipalpidae (Acarina: Prostigmata)
species in Ankara – Turkey
H. Didem Saglam et Sultan Cobanoglu
Tenuipalpidae (Acarina: Prostigmata) species feeding on the ornamental shrubs and
plants of the parks were determined during 2005-2006 in Ankara -Turkey. As a result 11
species were identitified in the family of Tenuipalpidae. The surveys were made at weekly
interval for each region for the growing season (April to October). In total 1130 samples were
collected. 124 plant species were examined and out of them 23 plant species were infected by
these mite group in the areas of Ankara.
The species were identified under the Aegyptobia Sayed, 1950, Cenopalpus Pritchard
& Baker 1958, Brevipalpus Donnadieu, 1875 and Pentamerimus McGregor 1949 genus. Five
species were considered as new record for Turkish acaro fauna.
Cenopalpus pulcher Canestrini and Fanzago 1876 is the most common phytophagous
species followed by Pentamerismus oregonensis McGregor, 1949 and P.taxi (Haller, 1877).
Cupressaceae is the most important and preferred host plants for the Tenuipalpidae.
Beside the phytophagous mites 5 beneficial mite species such as Antoseius bagdasarjani
(Wainstein et.Arutunjan) 1967, Antoseius tranquillus (Livshits & Kuznetzov 1972),
Cheyletogenes ornatus Canestrini et. Fanzago, 1876, Zetzelia mali (Ewing). and Tydeus sp.
were identified during the surveys in Ankara.
Contribution to the knoweldge of vine mites at Mitidja in North of Algeria
Bounaceur.F., Bissaad F., Maarten Van Helden, Guendouz-Benrima A.
et Doumandji-Mitiche B.
The changes in the mites fauna of vineyards at Mitidja, Algeria, have been monitoring
since 2006 season, observations were carried out in three variety: Muscat d‟Alexandrie,
Dattier de Beyrouth and Merlot. Three principal species were identified as grapevines pests.
Studies showed differences in species composition were observed in relation to the type of
vineyard.
In commercial grapevines, as Muscat d‟Alexandrie and Dattier de Beyrouth
Colomerus vitis was the most dominant species, it‟s population reaching levels of 45- 65% in
most area, and the Europeen red mites Panonychus ulmi with population estimeted to 35-43%,
at
last
Tetranychus
urticae
showed
small
population
10-14%.
Merlot variety never showed extensive damage also one species Panonychus ulmi with very
small population never acced 5-7%.
Predatory mites were also observed and don‟t identified, only Thyphlodromus.
Plant inhabiting mites in Kenya with special reference to
the family Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata)
Faith Toroitich, Markus Knapp, Eddie Ueckermann et Pieter Theron
Tetranychid mites are among the phytophagous Acari with the most severe economic
effect on agriculture. The road to effective control of a pest begins with its proper
identification. This study aimed at determining the tetranychid fauna in Kenya and
neighbouring Tanzania. In addition, other plant inhabiting mites that were encountered in the
process of sampling were also identified and reported. Collections were carried out on
cultivated crops and wild plants from natural ecosystems. Tetranychid mites from the genera
Bryobia, Peltanobia, Neopetrobia, Tetranychina, Duplanychus, Eotetranychus, Eutetranychus,
Mixonychus, Oligonychus, Mononychellus, Sonotetranychus, Schizotetranychus and
Tetranychus have been recorded with a total of 15 tetranychid species being recorded for the
first time in Kenya. Mites belonging to genera Tetranychus, Eutetranychus, Oligonychus and
Mononychellus were found in abundance in agricultural systems in cultivated crops whereas
the other genera were found in wild uncultivated habitats.
Other non-tetranychid mites collected include Tenuipalpidae mites, which were found
to be abundant with a report of the red palm mite Raoiella indica for the first time in Kenya.
Mites from the families Cheyletidae, Cunaxidae, Erythraeidae, Eupodidae, Rhagidiidae,
Stigmaeidae, Tydeidae and Phytoseiidae were also collected and identification is ongoing.
Toxicity of two potential bio-insecticide against moveable stages
of Tetranychus urticae Koch
Gamal A. El kady, ElSharabasy,H.M.; Mahmode F.M. et Bahgat
Two Potential bio-insecticide (Spinetoram 12% and Vertimec 1.8%) were tested
against lab strain of the moveable stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch. The value of LC was
decrease during the 24h, 48h and 72h. On the other hand LC value of Vertimec less than
Spinetoram of different stage during 24h and 48h and that change in 72h that clear in toxicity
index between Spinetoram and Vertimec 0.784, 0.749 and 0.764 for immature, male and
female respectively for LC50 of Spinetoram / LC50 of Vertimec.
On the other hand, the effect of Spinetoram was evaluated on eggplant during 19 days
on field against different stage of T. urticae (egg, immature and adult stage) cultivated in
green house in farm of faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University. Results of the total
percentage reduction during 19 days shown that; The rat of 1.5 ml soultion/1.5 water gave
high reduction compeer with the other rat (70.9% to 60% with peak at 11 days 86%
reduction). On the other hand the % reduction of rat 1ml solution/ 1.5 water was 64.7% to
40% with peak in 9 day 76.5%. The rat 1.25 ml solution / 1.5 water the % reduction begging
from 50% to 53.1% with peak at 9 day 70.6%.
Fumigant toxicity of some volatile oils obtained from family Lamiaceae
on Tetranychus urticae Koch
Bakr, E. M.; S. A. Allam et H. M. Nenaey
The Fumigant toxicity of four volatile oils from family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) were
investigated against red spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch as a suggested approach for
controlling mites in greenhouses. Results showed that vapor of sweet basil (Ocimum
basilicum Linn) oil revealed the most potent efficiency against all tested stages of mites, its
LC50 values were 1.9, 1.5 and 3.0 ?l/l (oil/air), against adult females, protonymphs and eggs,
respectively. Marjoram (Origanum vulgare L.) oil revealed the poorest efficiency, its LC50
values were 3.0, 2.2 and 5.0 ?l/l, against adult females, protonymphs and eggs, respectively.
While spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) oils came inbetween. It was also observed that protonymphs was the most susceptible stage and eggs was
the most resistance stage. A significant reduction in oviposition period and number of
deposited eggs was observed for the survived mites, after exposing protonymphs to LC50
concentration of sweet basil, spearmint and peppermint oils.
Integrated control of the date palm spider mite
Palevsky E., Borochov-Neori H., Lotan A., Izhaki I., Shomer I.,
Guerson U. et M. Marwani
Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) is recognized as important primary pest
causing severe economic damage to the fruit of date palms. Depending on the variety,
infestation period, and mite density, damage to the fruit cuticle can range from minimal to
overall surface scarring and, in worse cases, cracking as well. Sporadic information on the
biology, damage and control of O. afrasiaticus has been recorded in the literature from Iraq,
Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Algeria and Mauritania. Infestations were highest
and the damage most severe in arid dry regions, whereas palms grown adjacent to wells or
large bodies of water were not infested. In the Israeli Arava Valley in 1998, following heavy
infestations of O. afrasiaticus, 20 and 30% of 'Deglet Noor' and 'Barhi' fruit, respectively,
were discarded. Similar damage has been observed on the Jordanian part of the Arava Valley.
To improve date mite IPM in the Arava Valley a joint Jordanian-Israeli research effort funded
by Middle East Regional Cooperation (MERC), U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) was initiated in beginning of 2007. Our objectives are:
1. Develop a monitoring tool and a day degree model for predicting date mite infestation
on specific date palm varieties.
2. Evaluate native and introduced natural enemies for use in an integrated mite
management program.
3. Develop postharvest treatments to mitigate evident mite damage caused to fruits by
spider mites.
4. Evaluate date palm varieties for levels of spider mite (O. afrasiaticus) resistance.
Identify mechanisms of host plant resistance to this pest.
These objectives were formulated on the foundations of studies that have been
conducted and published recently by the present authors. In our talk we will review the key
results of these studies and elaborate on the methodology now being used by the Jordanian
and Israeli team to attain our present project objectives.
Integration of Fertilisers, Selected Insecticides and Predacious Mites
for the Management of Coffee Pests in Kenya
E. M. El-Banhawy and H. Mugo
In Kenya, 10% of farmers derive their income from coffee and coffee represents about
11% of total export earning. Coffee production is constrained by pest infestations and
ecological requirements. The primary pest mainly is the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus
hampei (Ferri) and the secondary pests such as scales, thrips, and spider mites. The current
approach of pest control depends on the application of broad spectrum insecticides, yet
several problems such as environmental contaminations, elimination of many natural enemies
and outbreaks of secondary pests have been reported in localities where insecticides are
intensively used. A new strategy based on integration of balanced N : P : K, selected
insecticides, and predacious mites inhabiting coffee was proposed to replace the chemical
control tactics. A field experiment was designed to investigate the effect of this integration on
the infestations of the coffee borer, secondary pests and the presence of predacious mites.
In a complete block design experiment, 1,500 coffee trees were divided into plots and subplots and fertilized with: conventional N : P : K (17 : 17 : 17), improved N : P : K (22 : 6 :
12) and compost N : P : K (2.15 : 0.59 : 2.42). Every block was treated with Tracer (selective
insecticide), Dursban 480 EC (broad spectrum insecticide) and a control without any
treatment. The results showed the following:
(1) At any treatment, infestation of the coffee berry borer was below the economic
threshold level (5%).
(2) The population of the common predacious mite Euseius kenyae Swirski & Ragusa was
significantly greater on the organic treatment irrespective of insecticides used.
(3) At any Dursban treatment the population of E. kenyae was significantly reduced.
(4) Coffee yield was almost the same under the different combination of fertilizers,
although a general improvement has been reported in the quality of coffee beans and
in the general agro-ecosystem of coffee, particularly within the compost treatment
plots.
(5) Infestation of scales, thrips were negligible, while the red spider mites was recorded
once or twice and only in Dursban treatment.
Posters session
Study on Biology of Brown Mite, Bryobia rubrioculus Sheuten (Acari: Tetranychidae)
in Plum, Sweet Cherry and Black Cherry Orchards in Hamedan (West of Iran).
Amir H. Eghbalian1,Mohammad Khanjani1 et Ali A. Pourmirza
Brown mite, Bryobia rubrioculus S. is one of the most important pests of cherry, plum
and cherry trees. This pest was found bluntly on fruit trees in Hamedan (West of Iran). It
causes considerable damage in some orchards of this area. So, its biology and natural enemies
identification were studied during 2005-2006. The result showed that, this pest over wintered
as egg on fruit trees shoots. The larvae of first generation appear early in April; at temperature
10.58 °C. This pest creates 4-5 generations per year. Its high population was occurred in
September.
Essais préliminaires de protection de trois solanacées potagères
Solanum aethiopicum, S. melongena et Lycopersicum esculentum
contre Tetranychus evansi à l’aide de produits naturels au Sénégal.
Kade N., Gueye-ndiaye A et Duverney C.
Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard originaire d‟Amérique du Sud, est un ravageur
important des solanacées. Introduit accidentellement en Afrique il est présent dans plusieurs
pays dont le Sénégal où on le signale depuis près d‟une dizaine d‟années mais sous le nom
Tetranychus sp. ou araignée rouge. Une étude menée en 2004-2005 dans les périmètres
maraîchers des groupements de femmes autour de Sokone, région de Fatick nous a permis de
confirmer l‟espèce, et de constater les importants dégâts occasionnés sur le Jaxatu (Solanum
aethiopicum L.), l‟aubergine (S.melongena) et la tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum).
Dans une étude menée à Malika dans les Niayes, nous avons testé l‟efficacité de trois produits
naturels : le neem (Azadirachta indica), le tabac (Nicotiana tabacum) et l‟ail (Allium sativum.)
contre T.evansi sur des blocs randomisés des trois solanacées citées plus haut ; l‟objectif étant
d‟obtenir un bon control des populations du ravageur T. evansi, tout en évitant les effets
néfastes de la lutte chimique communément employée et souvent mal conduite par les
producteurs analphabètes, et de préserver la faune auxiliaire (Phytoseiidae, Thrips…..etc)
pour une agriculture durable.
Il ressort de cette étude que les produits sont efficaces en particulier celui à base d‟ail
obtenu après macération de bulbes d‟ail écrasés au préalable : on enregistre dans les parcelles
traitées avec ce produit, la plus forte baisse des populations de ravageurs, mais aussi, la
présence de quelques phytoseiidae qui apparaissent plus tard comme avec les 2 autres
produits, neem et tabac qui se sont révélés moins efficaces dans le control des populations de
tétranyques. S.aethiopicum et S. melongena sont très attaquées par les tétraniques tandis que
Lycopersicum esculentum, est beaucoup moins sensible à ces ravageurs à Malika.
L‟installation des auxiliaires (acariens Phytoseiidae, Thrips) montre que ces produits
contrairement aux acaricides chimiques n‟empêchent pas le développement des prédateurs.
Dans les bas-fonds, où se trouvent les périmètres maraîchers à Sokone subsistent sur des
plantes adventices telles que Centaurea perrottetii Chrozophora senegalensis, Abutilon
ramosum et Waltheria indica, des populations d‟acariens Phytoseiidae dont plusieurs espèces
sont connues comme prédateurs des Tétranyques.
Il serait important dans des études ultérieures de tester ces 3 produits naturels à
différentes doses et de commencer les traitements plus tôt, avant que la primo infestation par
les tétraniques ne soit importante.
Faunistic study on Astigmata mites in the nest of Rodents in grain stores
in Tehran province of Iran
Mashhadikhani Maedeh, Ardeshir Fariba, Shiravi Abdolhosein1 et Kami Haji Gholi
Astigmata order is the most important harmful mites in the grain stores. For
identifying Rodent nest Astigmata mites samples from Rodent nests in silos and wheat stores
during 2005 were collected. In total 13 species belonging 10 genera from 2 families were
identified. It is the first report of Rodent nest mite fauna in grain stores of Iran that listed them
as fallows:
ACARIDAE: Acarus siro L., A. farris (Oudemans,), A. immobilis Griffiths, Aleuroglyphus
ovatus (Troupeau), Tyrolichus casei Oudemans, Tyrophagus longior (Gervais), T.
putrescentiae
(Schrank),
Cosmoglyphus
oudemansi
(Zachvatkin),
Acotyledon
rhizoglyphoides Zachvatkin, Tyroborus lini Oudemans.
GLYCYPHAGIDAE: Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank), Glycyphagus privates Oudemans.
Study on the mite fauna of stored rice in northern Iran
Ardeshir Fariba
Faunistic study on the mite fauna of stored rice in the northern province of Iran
Mazandaran during the 2005-2007 were carried out. 15 species from 7 genera, 5 families and
3 orders were identified. The results provided 10 new species report from Iran.
The new species are listed below:
Astigmata, Glycyphagidae, Lepidoglyphus destructor (Shrank)
Prostigmata, Caligonellidae, Caligonella sp.
Cheyletidea, acaropsellina sollers Kuzin, Cheletomorpha lepidopterum(Shaw), Bdellidae,
Spinnibdella sp.
Cheyletus carnifex Zachvatkin, Cheyletus eruditus (Shrank), Cheyletus malaccensis
Oudemans, Cheyletus Trouessarti Oudemans.
Mesostigmata, Laelapidae, Androlaelaps casalis casalis (Belese)
Investigation on fauna of the Cheyletidae (Acari: Prostigmata) in the nest of
Rodents in grain stores of Markazi province of Iran.
Mashhadikhani Maedeh, Ardeshir Fariba, Shiravi Abdolhosein1 et Kami Haji Gholi
For Investigation of Cheyletidae family in the Rodent nests (soil and their bodies) collecting
from silos and flour factories and mills of Markazi province of Iran were carried out during
2005. In this study 4 species belonging to 2 genera from soil and Rodent bodies were
identified that listed below and it is new record to Iran:
ACAROPSELLINA sollers Kuzin, Cheyletus mallaccensis Oudemans. Cheyletus trouessarti
Oudemans, Cheyletus carnifex Zachvatkin.
Biological data of Suidasia pontifica (Oud.) (Acarina: Saproglyphidae)
tropical mite pest of stored products.
Wit Chmielewski
Suidasia pontifica is commonly mite species occurring mainly in tropical zone of
Asia, Africa, America and rarely found in some European countries (Germany, Great Britain,
Poland) infesting stored products, house dust, insect cultures and museum collections.
Suidasia species were observed in nests of carpenter bees, Xylocopa sp. and Apis
honeycombs. They are known as the reason for allergy diseases. In Poland it has been found
in oilcakes imported from India, fish-meal and coffee-beans from Africa. Biology of this
species was almost unknown. The aim of study was supplement of knowledge on this area.
Initial material of S. pontifica for laboratory monocultures were separated from green coffeebeans and other imported goods. Cultures and experiments were conducted under controlled
conditions: ca. +20ºC, near 85% RH , food - bee-collected pollen (pollen loads). Observations
of fecundity and longevity were based on 25 adult pairs and life history (eggs to adults) on
100 individuals.
Resting deutonymphs, just before transformation into adults, were picked up from
mass cultures and put in rearing cages supplied with food. After eclosion of imagines they
were paired (♀ + ♂). Each of total 25 pairs was placed into separate rearing cell and observed
every 1-2 days until their natural death. Fresh laid eggs were placed on food in the other cages
(20 cages x 10 eggs). Observations of them were conducted every 1-2 days until finish of mite
development cycle. After eclosion of imagines their sex and duration of development was
established.
Life parameters (average) were as follows: ontogenesis - 17.3 days; eclosion of adults
- 87.0%; ratio of females - 54.0%; longevity of imagines - 26.1 days; productivity - 59.1 eggs
per female lifespan. These data show high biological potential of mites. Pollen seems to be an
attractive and effective medium for rearing of them under laboratory conditions.
Les effets des perturbateurs endocriniens des STEP (stations de traitement et
d'épuration des eaux sur Acarus siro.
H. Glida, M. Bertrand et JP Lumaret
Ethynilestradiol and Nonylphenol are produced by STEP. These hormono-mimetic
substances were tested on A. siro. Results showed toxicity at high concentration (>100µg/l)
but no effect on sex ratio.
Honey Bee Workshop
Dr. J. Amrine - Bob Noels
I will teach students (any number) to analyze results of 50% Formic Acid paper pad
treatment in Tunisia. I will add the data to our paper. I will demonstrate how to see spores of
Nosema ceranae, and how to help bees recover from the effects of a Nosema infection using
Honey-B-Healthy. We found that adding 1 tablespoon of HBH to a pint (240 ml) of vinegar
makes an excellent protection of the skin against stinging bees. I will bring a spray bottle for a
demonstration. I hope to put on a treatment on the first or second day, and then analyze brood
combs and count dead mites the second day. I have attached an Excel table of my results that I
will have published in your proceedings. Also attached is a summary of the CCD or colony
collapse disorder, as Bob Noel and I understand it. Please have Bob Noels name on the honey
bee workshop. If we could do at least 2 hives, then that would be great. Before we treat, we
will open 100 brood cells and count live or dead mites. The next day after treatment, we will
do open 100 cells per hive and count live and dead mites. Here is Bob Noel's web site for how
to do the Paper Pad control of varroa mites; the method is very cheap and only takes 19 hours
("on today, off tomorrow"): http://rnoel.50megs.com/ppad/ppad.htm. I will bring 24, 16oz
bottles of honey bee healthy in my check-in bag for research on feeding and managing honey
bees. You can use the rest of the HBH for research on controlling Nosema ceranae in Tunisia.
I will also bring a sample of fresh grease patties, some wintergreen, and a veil, hive tool,
smoker and needed equipment.
 SESSION ACARIENS PHYTOPHAGES / MITES IN AGRICULTURE
Oral Communications
Estimation des dégâts causés par les acariens Eriophyides à la végétation et
à la production de l’olivier en Tunisie
Chatti, M. Ksantini, T. Jardak et N. Kammoun
Les acariens ériophyides nuisibles à l‟olivier ne cessent de prendre de l‟ampleur dans
les vergers oléicoles tunisiens. Ils s‟attaquent aux feuilles, bourgeons, grappes florales et
même aux fruits.
L‟estimation des dégâts causés par les ériophyides a porté sur deux variétés : la
Chemleli de Sfax », variété la plus répandue en Tunisie (près de 60% des zones plantées en
oliviers), et la variété « Chemcheli Gafsa » qui est la principale variété d‟olives à huile de la
région de Gafsa où elle est présente aussi bien dans l‟ancienne oasis que dans les nouvelles
plantations de la région.
Du point de vue des symptômes morphologiques, les attaques des acariens ont
engendré des déformations, altérations et chutes des feuilles et des fruits. Des déformations
des noyaux et l‟hypertrophie des olives infestées ont été rapportées pour la première fois.
Du point de vue technologique, les caractéristiques pomologiques des olives sont
sérieusement affectées. Les fruits infestés présentent des teneurs en matière grasse nettement
plus faibles que celles des olives saines. Cette baisse de teneur peut atteindre les 46%.
Quant à l‟impact sur la qualité, les analyses physico-chimiques effectuées sur les échantillons
de fruits attaqués et sains, ont permis de noter que les acariens engendrent une diminution des
teneurs en chlorophylles et en polyphénols, une réduction du temps de résistance de l‟huile à
l‟oxydation et une augmentation de l‟acidité.
Season and nut-age dependent population dynamics of the coconut mite,
Aceria guerreronis Keifer and its associated predatory mite,
Neoseiulus paspalivorus De Leon in Benin
Negloh Koffi, Rachid Hanna et Peter Schausberger
The seasonal populations fluctuations and the coconut fruit age-related distributions of
the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its associated predator
Neoseilus paspalivorus (Acari: Phytoseiidae), were studied in four plantations in 2 major
coconut growing areas in southern Benin, from April 2005 to March 2006.The coconut mite
resides beneath the coconut bracts, feeds on the tender meristematic part of the fruit and
causes the fruits to become stunted and uneven resulting in important yield losses. Nut
infestation by Aceria guerreronis was variable among months in inland plantations. The
proportion of nuts colonized by the predatory mite N. paspalivorus were similar among
plantations and over the sampling period but the predator fluctuations over time differed
among plantations and nut age classes. A. guerreronis density varied among months ,
plantations and nut age classes, while none of these factors showed any effect on the predator
densities. For both mites nut occupation was highly significant among the nut ages (GLM:
F=19.55, P<0.0001, and F=4.19, P<0.0001 respectively for A.guerreronis and N.
paspalivorus). The highest nut infestations by A.guerreronis were observed on 3 to 7 months
old nuts. Percent nut occupation by N. paspalivorus was the highest in 5 months old nuts.
Densities of both mites also differed significantly among ages. Both mites reached highest
and lowest densities respectively on 3 and 1 months old nuts. The ages of nuts at which the
coconut mite and the N. paspaslivorus colonize the fruits were estimated at 0.90 and 1.15
months respectively. The estimated peak occupation by A. guerreronis occurred after 4.345
months which was ~0.7 months earlier than that by N. paspalivorus at 5 months.
Refuge use by Aceria guerreronis and association with other mites
under the perianth of coconut fruit.
L.M. Lawson-Balagbo, M.G.C. Gondim Jr, G.J. de Moraes, R. Hanna1 et
P. Schausberger
The tiny size of eriophyoid mites is a key feature regarding their status as herbivorous
pests. Many eriophyoid species are highly host specific and live in concealed sites (refuges)
on their hosts, which are difficult to access by natural enemies. As such, the coconut mite
Aceria guerreronis Keifer is the only eriophyoid mite causing important damage to coconut
fruits world-wide. It resides beneath the perianth of the fruits feeding on meristematic tissues
leading to excessive fruit damage, reduced fruit growth and premature fruit fall. We explored
the spatial refuge used by A. guerreronis. Based on the assumption that A. guerreronis shifted
its habitat under the perianth of coconut fruit to avoid competition and/or escape from
predation we investigated the fine scale spatial distribution of A. guerreronis and associated
competitors and predators. Fruits were sectioned and discrete chambers (micro-niches)
identified under the perianth. Aceria guerreronis was present on 92% of fruits and by far the
most abundant mite under the perianth. It preferentially resided in the tightest chambers to the
fruit surface. Another herbivore, Steneotarsonemus furcatus De Leon (Tarsonemidae) was
found on ~30% of fruits most of which were simultaneously occupied by A. guerreronis.
Neoseiulus baraki Athias-Henriot (Phytoseiidae) was the predominant predatory mite (~35%
of fruits) followed by Proctolaelaps bickleyi Bram (Ascidae) (~7% of fruits). Aceria
guerreronis, S. furcatus and N. baraki showed a slightly different but more similar repartition
among chambers under the perianth than P. bickleyi. Overall, our study suggests that refuge
use by A. guerreronis is a key issue for its natural and/or biological control.
Les acariens phytophages inféodés aux agrumes
Khoufi A., Lebdi Grissa K.
Une étude sur les acariens phytophages inféodés aux agrumes a été menée sur deux
ans en Tunisie (dynamique des populations, dispersion sur les différents organes végétatifs,
caractérisation des dégâts) et sur quatre variétés d‟agrumes. L‟attention a été aussi apportée à
la faune auxiliaire autochtone constituée essentiellement par les acariens prédateurs
Phytoseidae déjà présents au niveau des vergers et qui pourraient s‟y installer.
Les espèces d‟acariens observées sur le feuillage, les fruits et les rameaux des
différentes variétés d‟agrumes cultivées en Tunisie essentiellement dans la région du CapBon appartiennent à quatre familles. Malgré leurs abondances, quelques unes sont neutres
pour la culture, du point de vue économique, cas des acariens Tydeidae dont l‟espèce la plus
commune est Lorryia formosa Cooreman, qui forme des colonies sur les feuilles et les
branches en présence de cochenilles productrices de miellat (Planococcus citri). L‟acarien
prédateur le plus fréquent dans cette région parait être Euseius stipulatus, qui est présent
presque toute l‟année sur les feuilles et se distinguent par son efficacité pour contrôler les
populations d‟acariens phytophages.
Concernant les autres acariens phytophages, on dénombre deux espèces d‟acariens de
la Famille des Tenuipalpidae : Brevipalpus phoeunicis Geijsjkes et Brevipalpus californicus
(Banks). Ces espèces provoquent des tâches sur les écorces des fruits connues sous le nom de
léproses. Ces acariens pullulent fortement de mai à mi juillet et en automne.
les Tetranyques Tetranychus urticae (Koch) et Panonychus citri (Mc Gregor) sont les
espèces les plus nuisibles aux plants d‟agrumes. Nos observations ont montré que
Tetranychus urticae est actif durant deux périodes de l‟année: de mi mars à juin et de
septembre à décembre. C‟est une espèce polyphage, qui malgré son développement sur de
nombreuses variétés d‟agrumes, elle est tout particulièrement redoutée sur clémentinier qui
est très sensible et sur lequel les attaques provoquent des défoliations soudaines et
importantes. Sur les fruits du citronnier, ses colonies provoquent l‟apparition de tâches de
couleur rouille foncée dans la partie stylaire.
Panonychus citri attaque presque exclusivement les agrumes de décembre à mai et
cause d‟importants dégâts sur les variétés d‟oranges, qui constituent la plus grande partie de la
production tunisienne d‟agrumes. Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) peut provoquer certaines
années sur agrumes des pullulations assez importantes observables en automne (vers le mois
d‟octobre).
Un acarien Tarsonemidae a été également identifié, Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks).
Les dégâts dus à cet acarien sont visibles au printemps sur fruits qui se subérifient. Sur
feuilles les attaques sont peu importantes.
l‟Eriophyidae Aceria sheldoni Ewing attaque de façon presque exclusive le citronnier
en automne, en déformant les fruits. Divers produits acaricides ont été testés contre
Panonychus citri afin d‟évaluer leurs performances sur agrumes
Les acariens phytophages inféodés à la vigne
Khoufi A. Lebdi Grissa K.
Une étude a été réalisée dans le but d‟inventorier les principales espèces d‟acariens
présentes sur feuilles et bourgeons de vigne en Tunisie. On recense aujourd‟hui trois espèces
d‟acariens phytophages tant redoutées des viticulteurs : l‟acarien rouge Panonychus ulmi
(Tetranychidae), acarien de l‟acariose (Calepitrimerus vitis) et un tarsonemidae.
En été, après croissance des organes végétatifs et avec l‟aoûtement des sarments les
acariens rouges (F/ Tetranychidae) gagnent les feuilles en provoquant leur décoloration
devenant plombées, voire bronzées. Les acariens persistent sur feuilles jusqu‟à fin décembre
(Chute des feuilles). Les œufs d‟été sont déposés dés fin avril à la base des sarments.
l‟acarien de l‟acariose (F/ Eriophyidae) a été observé en automne (à la mi octobre) à
la base des sarments et entre les écailles des bourgeons. Au printemps elle gagne les jeunes
pousses en perturbant le développement des feuilles.
L‟espèce tarsonemidae a été également observée vers mi octobre entre les écailles des
bourgeons et sur feuilles de vigne développées.
l‟acarien jaune (Eotetranychus carpini) et l‟acarien jaune tisserand (Tetranychus
urticae) n‟ont pas été observés durant notre étude.
En général il est rare d‟observer les dégâts causés par ces acariens et qui sont sans
gravité dans nos vignobles vu l‟utilisation accrue du souffre dans les programmes de lutte
établis par les viticulteurs.
Dynamique d’Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari, Tetranychidae)
dans les palmeraies tunisiennes
Ben Chaabane S. Chermiti B., Lebdi Grissa K.
O. afrasiaticus est l‟un des plus redoutables ravageurs actuellement recensé sur
palmier dattier, sa présence sur dattes cause des dégâts considérables.
Les dégâts, sévissent surtout dans les palmeraies ou le dattier végète mal (manque d‟entretien,
stress hydrique…) d‟autant plus que les palmiers sont éloignés de la source d‟eau et qu‟ils
soient plus exposés au vent. Ce phénomène s‟observe davantage dans les plantations
nouvellement créées. Les proliférations de cette acariose sont beaucoup plus intenses sur la
variété „Deglet Nour‟ que sur les autres variétés telles que „Alig‟, „Bessr‟ et „Kentichi‟.
L‟ampleur des dégâts causés par cet acarien change d‟une année à l‟autre, les
invasions sont surtout dangereuses lors des saisons anormalement sèches et chaudes.
Les fortes pullulations se situent en juillet août. Dès le début de maturité des dattes, l‟acarien
migre vers d‟autres gîtes pour hiverner, telle que les dattes non fécondées, les pennes surtout
celles des couronnes internes et la strate herbacée telle que le sorgho.
Actuellement, en Tunisie le seul moyen préconisé est le traitement au soufre, malgré son
efficacité décroissante. L‟essai du traitement au biomite donne des résultats encourageants.
 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SESSION / SESSION LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE
Oral Communications
Biological aspects of the spider Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer 1778)
when fed on three different prey species
Affifi A.M., Amel H. Rameih, El-Erksousy M.H et Aiad K.H.
The spider Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer) was reared on three preys; mobile stage
of Tetranychus urticae Koch , cotton aphid ,Aphis gossypii(Giover) and larvae of cotton leaf
worm ; spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) . Data showed that life cycle lasted (48.4 ,36.8 ) , (39.8
,33.07 ) and (33.1 ,27.1) days for female and male when fed on the above mentioned preys ;
respectively. female oviposition periode durated 15.9 ,14.7 and 12.7 days and deposited egg
sacs average 2.8 , 3.2 and 3.1 when fed on T. urticae ,A. Gossypii , S. Litoralis respectively.
Total number of consumed preys average (329.7 , 263.6 ) , (290.1 ,295) and ( 309.1 , 293) for
spider female and male when fed on thes preys respectively.
Description and biological studies on the predatory mite
Proctolaelaps naggari n.sp (Acari: Ascidae: Gamasida)
Taha H.A., Mohmoud M.A.
A new predatory mite species Proctolaelaps naggarii (Acari:Ascidae : Gamasida) was
isolated from soil and leaf debris under maize field crops at Belgas district Dakhalia
Governorate, east Delta Egypt.Immature stages, and adult female were descriped and
illustrated. Also, the mite species was successfully reared on free living nematodes
Rhabditella muscicola (Chitwood) at 25 & 30ºC and 70% R.H. Obtained data cleared that
total immature stages lasted (7.08&6.79) days for female and (6.67&6.37) days for male when
mite fed on R. Muscicola at 25 and 30ºC ,respectively.Generation period was affected by
different temperture whereas it,s shorter at high and longer at low temperature.Female
longevity and fecundity were affected by temp. The oviposition period lasted 16.11 dayes and
female deposited an averag of 45.6 eggs with a daily mean 2.83 eggs at 25ºC. While at 30ºC
this period lasted 13.12 days and female deposited an average of 54.18 eggs with a daily mean
4.12 eggs
Alternative methods in controlling the two spotted spider mite,
Tetranychus urticae Koch, on soybean plants at the new reclaimed lands,
Nubaria province, Egypt
Soliman M.S., El Sanady M et Mahasen A. Abdel-aziz
Three field experiments were conducted during the season 2006, at the private farm at
Nubaria region: Releasing the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (A.-H.) with rate of 1520 mites / hill. Evaluate some enveronmentally safe materials and study the effect of different
fertilizers adding in different ways on spider mites population. Obtained results cleared that
the predatory mite P. persimilis minimizing the spider mites population 72.8% after 9 weeks
of releasing and2 the infestation level was under threshold level during the season .The
enveronmental safe compounds indicated that mixture of vertimec and meniral oil exhibited
the highest reduction (91.4%) followed by vertemic (87.5%), meniral oil (72.9%), Oshar
extract (58.4%), Enab El- deab extract (54.6%) and Bioranza (53.6%).Foliar application of
KP and micro- elements reduced the mite population (52.8 and 50.7 %) while soil spray
bacteria solubility of potassium and phosphorus gave (43.7 and 12.9 %) ,respectively. It,s
cleair that different fertilizes were low of exhibited the number of mites, but they improved
plant health and crop yield.
Can classical biological control of an exotic mite in intensive horticultural systems
work? –Field release of Phytoseiulus longipes to control Tetranychus evansi in Kenya
Markus Knapp
The invasive spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard is one of the most
serious pests of tomato and other Solanaceae plants in Africa. Current control strategies
involve frequent applications of synthetic pesticides that are harmful to farmers, consumers
and the environment and, in addition, are often ineffective. A Brazilian strain of the predatory
mite Phytoseiulus longipes Evans was identified as the most promising candidate for classical
biological control of T. evansi in Africa from surveys in South America. Phytoseiulus
longipes performed well in laboratory and greenhouse experiments in Brazil and was
therefore imported into Kenya. The first field release of the exotic predatory mites was
conducted in a T. evansi-infested tomato field in central Kenya in March 2007. The predators
could be found in low densities at all sampling dates until the crop was removed in mid May
but did not multiply sufficiently to control the spider mites. A possible reason for this is the
frequent use of fungicides and insecticides by the farmer due to high pest and disease
pressure. Data from laboratory experiments on the effect of frequently used pesticides on P.
longipes are presented and strategies to develop a comprehensive integrated pest management
(IPM) program for tomatoes compatible with classical biological control of T. evansi will be
discussed.
Cassava-cultivar interplanting affects the abundance of Typhlodromalus aripo and
its prey the cassava green mite
Rachid Hanna, Alexis Onzo, Muaka Toko, Bamidele Ojo et Alfred Dixon
There is increasing awareness that vegetation diversity can affect herbivore and natural
enemy abundance, and that plants can play a major role in manipulating natural enemy
abundance for protection against herbivore attacks. Acarologists and entomologists have not,
however, exploited the diversification of specific cultivars of a crop plant for the purpose of
enhancing arthropod natural enemy abundance and biological control of crop pests. The
neotropical predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo was introduced into Africa for the
biological control of the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa, also of neotropical
origin. This predator has successfully controlled damaging populations of M. tanajoa across
several agroecologies, but the levels of colonization of cassava and subsequent control of M.
tanajoa at times depend on the „hairiness‟ characteristic of the cassava cultivar apex inhabited
by T. aripo, which prefers cassava cultivars with „hairy‟ apices compared with cultivars
having „glabrous‟ apices. We conducted a field experiment in Benin, in which we tested the
effect of several interplanting proportions of a predator-preferred cassava cultivar with a nonpreferred cultivar to enhance T. aripo abundance on the latter. Overall, the cultivar not
preferred by T. aripo benefited considerably from being interplanted with the T. aripopreferred cultivar. The abundance of T. aripo on the non-preferred cultivar was lowest in plots
where this cultivar was planted alone or in high proportion (>0.67) with the predator-preferred
cultivar. T. aripo abundance on the non-preferred cultivar increased several folds when this
cultivar was interplanted at proportions of <0.5 with the predator-preferred cultivar, while M.
tanajoa load on the non-preferred cultivar showed decreasing trends with increasing T. aripo
densities. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the use of specific cultivar
combinations to effectively compensate for morphologically-related differences in natural
enemy abundance on a normally predator-deficient cultivar.
A Chilean strain of Phytoseiulus longipes for the biological control of
Tetranychus urticae on tomato greenhouses (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)
Ferrero Maxime, Tixier Marie-Stéphane et Kreiter Serge
Even if a huge number of studies dealt with the biological control of Tetranychus
urticae in tomato crops, up to now none of the predators tested has been found to be
sufficiently efficient to control this pest. The main difficulty for those predators seems to be
their development on Solanaceous plants. The strain of Phytoseiulus longipes evaluated in this
study has been collected in Chile, on colonies of T. urticae. The aim of this study was to
determine the ability of this strain to develop on two Solanaceous species: Solanum
lycopersicum (tomato) and S. nigrum (black nightshade); and on a control: Phaseolus vulgaris
(bean). The mites were fed by all stages of T. 10 % HR, and 16/8 (L/D).urticae and
experimental conditions were 25 °C, 80 Results indicated that P. longipes develops well on
tomato and beans but not on black nightshade. The total mortality, estimated as the sum of
both immature mortality and escape rate, was 16.13, 86.21 and 18.75 % on tomato, black
nightshade and bean, respectively. The development time from egg to adult was very similar
between the three plants considered: 4.63, 4.54 and 4.37 days on tomato, black nightshade and
bean, respectively. These results suggest that the Chilean strain of P. longipes could develop
and control T. urticae on tomato. Thus, a focus is now given on life history and efficacy of
this potential predator of the twospotted spider mite. Furthermore, experiments are planned to
assess the ability of P. longipes to develop on T. evansi, a serious pest of Solanaceous plants.
Migration of the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo from the apex to the leaves of a
cassava plant: response to day-night cycle, prey location and prey density
Alexis Onzo, Rachid Hanna et Maurice W. Sabelis
When under attack by herbivores, plants produce a blend of “herbivore-induced plant
volatiles (HIPV)” that help the natural enemies in locating herbivores, thereby reducing
herbivore damage to the plants. In a series of two screenhouse experiments we determine
whether the density of the prey mite Mononychellus tanajoa on cassava plants or the location
of the prey patch within cassava plants influence the migratory movement of the predatory
mite Typhlodromalus aripo out of the apices of cassava plants during the night.
Our data show that both the proportions of T. aripo out of the apex and the distances travelled
are significantly higher when M. tanajoa was located on the middle and bottom leaves of the
cassava plants than when the prey was on the top leaves or absent from the plant. The data,
however, showed that M. tanajoa density per plant had no effects on the proportions of T.
aripo that emigrated from apices of cassava plants at night, or on the distance traveled by the
foraging T. aripo at night. This study shows under semi-field conditions that the predatory
mite T. aripo is able to locate prey patches within cassava plants and to actively search for
them. These results provide support for a role of HIPV in the prey-searching strategy of T.
aripo on cassava plants and clearly show that T. aripo is not a sit-and-wait predator. A
possible explanation for the lack of differences in the responses of T. aripo to different prey
densities may well be that the decision to forage is induced in the predator by an internal
clock and that the migratory responses are just altered by the location of M. tanajoa within the
cassava plant.
Ecological and Biological Studies on some predacious mites belonging to
Family Stigmaeidae from Different localities at Egypt
Salwa Mahmoued ElSaeid Sholla
The Actinedid mites are known to be phytophagous, fungivorus, predacious and
parasitic mites. The present work will concentrate on the groups which belong to this suborder
as a trial to get a basic recognition of some mites that might serve as biological control agents.
Biological control provides an environmentally safe and energy- efficient means of
pest control, either alone or as a component in an integrated pest management program. The
predatory mites of family Stigmaeidae are examples of biological control agents that have
been recognized recently as effective components in agricultural systems. The relative
slowness with which this fact was recognized suggested to us that other mite groups may be
overlooked and could be an effective biological control agent and therefore none additional
knowledge
In Egypt, few works have been done on Prostigmata as a group but only scattered
observations were done on the biology and ecology of these sub-order members. Members of
the family Stigmaeidae are considered important due to their wide spread in several localities.
The Stigmaeid mites were reported to feed harmful insects and mites. The members of this
family
complete
the
important
role
of
predacious
prostigmatic
mites.
The Stigmaeid mites were collected from guava trees, at different Governorates in Egypt.
Considered to be predacious; namely Stigmaeidae reported to live in fruit trees.
The biology of Agistemus exsertus which predators the most common predacious actinedid
mite was studied on the laboratory when fed on scale insects which collected from Guava
trees. Under the laboratory condition.
The following biological aspects were recorded: incubation period of eggs, duration of
larval, protonymphal, deutonymphal and tritonymphal stages. Longevity of both male and
female was also recorded. The total number of eggs deposited per female per day was
calculated. Sex ratio was also recorded. From this study can reared mites at lab. And release at
field to control important pests. The aim of the present study:
1. Survey of Stigmaeid mites (predators) detected in the different plants in different
Governorates of Egypt.
2. The effect of type of preys; i. e. the scale insect infested guava trees on the biology of the
most common predator mite, Agistemus exsertus reared under two different temperatures and
relative humidity.
An overview of Phytoseiidae (Acari) from Tunisia
Kreiter S, Lebdi Grissa K, Chermiti B et Tixier M.S
Authors report the results of surveys of phytoseiid mites carried out from 1994 to 2006
in some perennial crops and the surrounding wild vegetation, mainly in citrus and date palm
production areas. Twenty species were found, among which several were new for Tunisia and
one genus and one species are new to Science. Africoseiulella flechtmanni gen. nov., sp. nov.
was described from specimens collected on an unknown small weed growing under palm trees
in an oasis in southern Tunisia. This mite is unique and have a combination of original
characteristics. The phylogenetic relationships of this new genus with close taxa are analysed;
its taxonomic position within the Typhlodrominae is uncertain.
Predatory mites ( Acari : Actinedida ) in Egypt
Salwa Mahmoued Elsaeid Sholla et Hamdy M. El-Sharabasy
To study the important role of predatory mites in biological control of other bests,
fourty five samples of various materials (plants, soil debris and organic manure) were
subjected to actinedid predaceous mite examination from different localities at Ismailia
governorate, Egypt. A total of 238 of actinedid mites were collected from. Mites belonging
seven families, fevteen genera and sixteen species. These families are Cheyletidae 65
(27.3%), Stigmaeidae 81 (34.03%), Cunaxidae 45 (18.9%), Bdellidae 14 (5.9 %),
Eupallopselidae 15 ( 6.3%), Neophyllobiidae 11(4.6%) and Eupodidae 7 (2.9%). Agistemus
exsertus considered the most common predacious species on plant and in soil. The biology of
A. exsertus was studied in the laboratory on scale insects (???) under two different
temperatures and relative humidity. Some biological aspects were discussed.
Posters session
Population dynamics of Tetranychus turkestani and its predator
Zetzellia mali (Stigmaeidae) in apple orchards of Northwertern Iran.
Samira Khodayari, Karim Kamali et Yaghoub Fathipour
Spider mites were commonly recorded from all continents and all climatic zones of the
world and are known as important pests of agricultural crops. During 2006 a survey was
carried out to collect phytophagous and predaceous mites associated with apple trees in
Maragheh region, Northwest of Iran. Among collected specimens, two major species,
Tetranychs turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) and its predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing) were the
most abundant. In this investigation, frequency, spatial distribution and population fluctuation
of T. turkestani and Z. mali was studies during August to October 2006 in natural conditions
and the density dependence interaction between prey and predator was determined. To
estimate the spatial distribution pattern of these species, the data was analyzed by Taylor's
power law, Iwao's patchiness regression and Morisita‟s dispersion index methods. The results
indicated that the peak density of T. turkestani and Z. mali occurred at the late September and
were 2.58 and 2.46 mites per leaf, respectively. The Morisita‟s coefficient showed an
aggregative and Taylor‟s power law and Iwao‟s patchiness regressions coefficients showed a
random pattern for spatial distribution pattern of both mite species. The linear regression
model between prey and predator densities showed a density independent predation by Z.
mali, but population fluctuation curves revealed that this predator may responded to its prey
density as delayed density dependent. It seems that Z. mali can act as a effective predator in
controlling spider mites in apple orchards in a framework of integrated pest management
program.
Temperature-dependent development of Phytoseius plumifer (Phytoseiidae)
on Tetranychus urticae.
Mina Gorji Kuhjani, Karim Kamali et Yaghoub Fathipour
Temperature is the main abiotic factor influencing the performance of natural enemies.
The effect of temperature on developmental rate of Phytoseius plumifer (Conestrini &
Fanzago), predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch, was determined at seven constant
temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C). Development time of different immature
stages (egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph) and total developmental period (oviposition to
adult emergence) decreased with increasing temperature, although no development occurred
at 10°C. Total developmental time at 15 to 35°C was obtained 27.65, 15.87, 8.00, 6.81, 6.56
and 5.33 days, respectively. Using the linear model, the estimated lower temperature
threshold for entire developmental period was 10.23°C and the effective accumulative
temperature (thermal constant) for this stage was 127.23 degree-days (DD). Temperaturedependent development data, thermal requirements and temperature thresholds can be used to
predict the occurrence, number of generations and population dynamics of P. plumifer.
Sublethal effects of fenpyroximate on fecundity, longevity and voracity of
Phytoseius plumifer (Phytoseiidae) predator of Tetranychus urticae.
Nayereh Hamedi, Yaghoub Fathipour et Karim Kamali
Knowledge of lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on biological control agents is
necessary for successful implementation of integrated pest management programs. The effects
of fenpyroximate, one of the most commonly used acaricides in Iran for controlling spider
mites on different agricultural crops, on adult female fecundity, longevity and predation rate
of Phytoseius plumifer (Conestrini & Fanzago), predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch, were
studied.
The adults were exposed to residues of the acaricide applied on fig leaves. Based on dose
response study, the LC50 value was determined and then the effects of sublethal doses of
LC30 and LC5 on adult performance were measured. The results showed that both sublethal
doses of fenpyroximate significantly affected fecundity, longevity and predation of P.
plumifer, in which the adverse effects in LC30 was greater than LC5. The mean fecundity of a
female mite in control, LC30 and LC5 treatments was 42.57, 14.67 and 1.39 eggs,
respectively. Female longevity in above mentioned treatments was 38.29, 25.78 and 10.00
days and the mean voracity of a female predator was 540.57, 210.75 and 32.08 preys,
respectively. It could be concluded that sublethal doses even in a LC5 level can significantly
reduce the fecundity, performance and efficiency of P. plumifer and it should be considered in
integrated management programs.

VIDEO GEOGRAPHY SESSION / SESSION VIDEO GEOGRAPHIQUE
History of Acarology in Egypt.
Dr. K. EL Kammah
The existence of the acarines in Egypt was mentioned as early as 1550 B.C. when a
reference of a tick parasitizing a hyena-like ear was recorded on an Egyptian Papyrus scroll at
the time of Hatshepsut - Thutmosis III (1500 B. C.).
In the 18th century, Linnaeus described some Egyptian acarines and gave the name Acarus
aegyptium to a hard tick, known now as Hyalomma aegyptium.
During the French Military Mission in Egypt, Savigny drew ten ticks, which were named
later by Audouin (1827) and reviewed by Marc Andre‟ (1935).
In 1904, Ivar Traegrdh,a member of the Sweden Sientific Mission to Egypt collected and
described some acarine which were included in his book, published in 1905. The effects of
some mite species of the family Eriophyidae on plant galls. was referred to by Debski
(1916,19).
The build up of Egyptian Acarologists
School of Plant Acarines: The works of foreign scientists drew attention to acarological
problems in Egypt, but no acarology school had yet been established. until the fourth decade
of the 20th century. that research in acarology, both basic and applied, was stimulated in Egypt
. However, at this stage more attention was given to the injurious mites of plants, especially to
those species of economic importance to agricultural production. The biology, ecology and
taxonomy of some species were better understood through the research work led by M. A.
Zaher in the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. Meanwhile, H. H. Attiah in the
Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture was carrying out research work on taxonomy and control of
injurious mite pests. It was not until 1959 that a special curriculum in acarology was set up for
graduate students at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, and from then on,
acarologists spread to other research institutions and universities throughout the country.
School of Animal Acarines The excellent research work on the ticks of Egypt (and Africa),
mainly that of H. Hoogstraal has received serious attention and acceptance since 1949. He not
only established „the school of tick workers‟ in Egypt, supervising numerous Ph. D. and M.
Sc. students in Egypt (and other countries), but also published more than 500 scientific papers
on tick speciation, biology, ecology, and their relationship to diseases. Since 1979 Dr. K. El
Kammah has carried on with this school at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,
where it is now well established.
Acheivments (the 20 to 21st Century)
1-Establishment of Parasitic Acarine Research Center (PARC)
Cairo University, Egypt1998
2-Establishment of African Acarology Association (AAA)
First (AAA) Meeting in Pretoria, South Africa, 1998
AAA 2nd Symposium Nairobi, Kenya, 2001
AAA 3rd Symposium Cairo, Egypt, 2004
AAA4th Symposium, Hammet,Tunisia, 2007
3-Establishment of “Society of Egyptian Acarologists (2006)
PRESENT APPLIED ACTIVITIES
Vaccination of livestock with native tick immunogens produced by recombinant DNA can
enhance host resistance to parasitic acarine infestation and reduce the economic loss in animal
and poultry production due to tick blood meals and the diseases they transmit.
Eriophyoid Workshop
Dr. J. Amrine
I will teach students to learn how to make good slides of eriophyoid mites so that they
can be identified. I will show how just a light bulb can be used to make a good slide. I will
bring or find leaves with mites for students to work with; the plant is Matrimony Vine,
Lycium barbarum L. It is native to China and grown all over the world. The mites form
blisters in the leaves and are unable to develop in any plant except Lycium. I grow this plant
and the mites in my yard on both sides of my house. In this workshop, I will help students go
through my keys and identify mites to genera. Dr. Prasad will bring copies of the keys for
sale. I will have some keys on dvd disks that will be in pdf format. The 18 DVDs (no cost)
will also have reprints of several of my papers on the eriophyoids for students to study and
notes that I give at the Ohio State Univ. Summer Acarology Program. I am happy to put in as
much time as you wish. So, I will bring the DVD's, some specimens in plastic bags (zero
risk), tools that I use, glass slides, a couple slide boxes, labels, etc. Can you provide a
dissecting microscope with good illumination and a compound light microscope with phase
contrast? I will help students see the specimens on plants. When I get to Hammamet, I will
look for eriophyoids on your common plants in the neighborhood. Maybe we will find some
good specimens and make you some good slides.