FPolcaro recherche en italie

Enseignement
supérieur et
recherche en Italie
Francesco Polcaro
(FLC-CGIL)
Share of the R&D expenditures in
Italy
Public
42%
Private
58%
U n iversitie s
enterp rise s
P rivate noprofit
in stitution s
O th e r P ub lic
Institu tio ns
P u blic
R e se arch
Institu tio ns
P u blic
adm inistrations
%
R&S Expenditure in Italy (2003)
45,0
40,0
35,0
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
0,0
La structure des
courses universitaires
en Italie
Réforme
Réforme
Réforme “Moratti”
“Gentile”(1928) “Berlinguer”
(2004)
Ecole supérieure
(1998)
(seulement
Lycées,
Ecole supérieure Ecole supérieure
aussi école
⇓
⇓
supérieure
/\
Baccalauréat
technique
Baccalauréat
Baccalauréat
(3 années)
de 1970)
« professionnel » (3 années)
⇓
⇓
(1+2 années)
⇓
Doctorat
Université
Doctorat
(2 années)
(4/5/6 années)
(2 années)
⇓
⇓
⇓
doctorat de
recherche
(3 années)
(1982)
doctorat de
recherche
(3 années)
doctorat de
recherche
(3années)
Levels of Professorship
1928
1) Full chair
2) Assistant
1982
2005
(not operative)
1) Full chair 1) Full chair
2) Associated 2) Associated
3) Researcher 3) Contract
(temporary
position)
The salary is established by law and is automatically
increased with the cost of life. Since 1989, Universities
have full economical autonomy
University Professors (total)
60.000
58.000
56.000
54.000
52.000
50.000
48.000
Academic year
2003/2004
2002/2003
2001/2002
2000/2001
1999/2000
1998/1999
1997/1998
1996/1997
1995/1996
1994/1995
46.000
Number of Professors
22000
21000
20000
19000
18000
17000
16000
15000
14000
13000
12000
1997
Ordinario
Associato
Ricercatore
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Sociology
Polical Sciences
Nautical
Physical
Mathematics
Pedagogy
Communications
Biotechnology
Environment
Psychology
Veterinary
Medicine
Laguages
Humanities
Engeenering
Law
Farmacy
Economy
Cultural heritage
Chemestry
Achitecture
Agriculture
AVERAGE
students/professors
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Contract professors (temporary positions)
19000
17000
15000
13000
11000
9000
7000
Academic year
2002/2003
2001/2002
2000/2001
1999/2000
1998/1999
1997/1998
1996/1997
1995/1996
1994/1995
5000
+ other ~20000 temporary workers
employed for tutoring and
“auxiliary duties” with
† fellowships
† research contracts
† professional contracts
† etc., etc...
Age of Italian Professors (permanent positions)
40
35
30
Total
Full chair
Associate
Researchers
%
25
20
15
10
5
0
< 34
35-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
age
> 65
%
Percentage of retired professors in the next 10 years
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Total
Full chair
Associate
Researchers
18.000
16.000
14.000
12.000
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0
Total
Public
Private
(a
)
20
03
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
↑
19
Milion Euro (2003 constant value)
Italian Universities Funding
Total funding from student fees
1.550
Milion Euro
1.500
1.450
1.400
1.350
1.300
1.250
2000
2001
33%
of “private funding”
2002
Average annual fee per student
900
880
E uro
860
840
820
800
780
760
2000
2001
2002
Spain
Portugal
ITALY
EU (15)
UK
USA
Japan
Germany
France
Finland
50.000
45.000
40.000
35.000
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0
Sweridge
Milion Euro
Public Expenditures for the university system
(2003)
The second public research
network:
The Public Research
Institutions
R&D personnel levels:
• Research Director
•Senior Scientist
•Reasearcher
•Technicians (5 levels)
R&D personnel is regulated by a National Collective Work
Contract, re-contracted each 4 years
Ministero per l’Istruzione, Università
e Ricerca
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A.S.I. - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
C.I.R.A. - Centro Italiano Ricerca Aerospaziale
C.N.R. - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
I.N.RI.M. - Istituto nazionale di ricerca metrologica
I.N.D.A.M. - Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Å
I.N.A.F. - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
I.N.F.N. - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
I.N.F.M. - Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Å
I.N.G.V. - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - O.G.S.
I.N.O.A. - Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata
IMONT - Istituto Nazionale per la Montagna
Istituto Italiano di Studi Germanici
I.D.A.I.C. - Istituto di Diritto Agrario Internazionale e Comparato
C.I.S.A.M. - Centro Studi Alto Medioevo
Consorzio per l'Area di Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica di Trieste
Museo Storico dellla Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche "ENRICO FERMI"
Stazione Zoologica "ANTON DOHRN“
Ministero per le Attività Produttive
ƒENEA (Ente per le Nuove
tecnologie,l’Energia e l’Ambiente)
Ministero per la Salute
ƒIstituto Superiore di Sanità
Ministero per l’Economia
•Istituto Superiore di Statistica
3.000
IIT
2.500
Milion Euro
2.000
Amm. Pub. (tot)
Inst. De Recherche
1.500
Ministères
1.000
500
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Personel de R&D
14.000
12.000
10.000
Amm. Pub.
(tot)
8.000
Inst. De
Recherche
6.000
Ministères
4.000
2.000
1999
2000
2001
Précaires dans les Institutes
Publiques de Recherche
INFN
CNR
ENEA
ISS
ISTAT
INRAN
ISFOL
INVALSI
ICRAM
39%
25%
17%
29%
28%
45%
93%
83%
100%
Salaires dans les Institutes
Publiques de Recherche
Italie
USA
(Euro/anée)
(US$/year)
Précaire 13200 (max) 36000
Associate
Researcher
Chercheur 13000
40-70000 Assistant
Professor
Chercheur 25000
50-93000 Associate
Qualifié
Professor
Directeur 104000
>130000 Full Chair
de Recherche
Professor
Problèmes
„ Précarité
„ Bloc
des assumptions
„ Carrières
„ Réduction du budget
„ Carence de démocratie
Réactions
• Occupations des Universités par les
étudiants
• Grèves des professeurs et des
chercheurs
• Manifestation de 150000 étudiants,
professeurs, chercheurs, précaires,
techniciens, etc a Rome le 25
Octobre 2005
• Incrément de la participation aux
syndicats (la FLC-GCIL a maintenant
170000 associés)