2017 Social Studies Study Guide

Study Guide Page 1
2017 Social Studies Study Guide
Important Individuals
Note that some individuals are often referred to by different names and titles. Questions may
refer to some individuals with more than one name if the alternative is labeled “also” or
“then.” Otherwise, the individual will be referred to by the shorter name, usually without any
noble title. Names in red belonged to individuals who were murdered, executed, or died in
prison or who committed suicide during the Revolution.
The list of major characters in both the Neely text and the Moore text is not long. However,
many of the names that follow are of minor characters who appear in the texts only irregularly
or for short periods of time. In order to prepare for the contest, one should differentiate
between the major and minor characters. Summarizing the importance of the minor
characters on three-by-five cards would be helpful. The six women in Moore’s book are the
most important individuals though some others such as Louis XVI and Robespierre are also
major characters.
Monarchs







Louis XVI
Comte de Provence (also Louis
XVII)
The Dauphine (also Louis XVII)
Frederick William of Prussia
Joseph II of Austria
Leopold II of Austria
Marie Antoinette
Men & Women of the Ancien
Régime












Revolutionary Women

Thérésa Carbarrus de Fontenay
(then Tallien & then Chimay)
François de Blanc
Loménie de Brienne
Calonne (Charles Alexander de
Calonne)
Denis Diderot
Marie-Thérèse de Lamballe
Lamoignon (Chrétian François
Lamoignon)
Lucy de la Tour du Pin
The Baron de Montesquieu
(Charles Louis de Secondat)
Jacques Necker
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Turgot (Anne Robert Jacques
Turgot)
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet)
Revolutionary Men

François-Noêl “Gracchus” Babeuf
Study Guide Page 2













Charlotte Corday
Lucille Desmoulins
Félicté de Genlis
Olympe de Gourges
Sophie de Grouchy
Empress Josephine (also Rose de
Beauharnais)
Claire “Rose” Lacombe
Pauline Léon
Femme Monic
Juliette Récamier
Manon Roland
Germaine de Staël
Théroigne de Méricourt
Their Husbands & Lovers


Thérésa Cabarrus
o Paul Barras
o Prince of Chimay (FrancoisJoseph-de Riguet)
o Jean Jacques Devin de
Fontenay
o Étienne de Lamothe
o Félix Lepeletier
o Gabriel Ouvard
o Jean-Lambert Tallien
Pauline Leon
o Théophile Leclerc

Manon Roland
o Francois Buzot
o Jean-Marie Roland

Juliette Récamier
o Francois-René de
Chateaubriand
o Jacques-Rose Récamier

Gemaine de Staël
o Benjamin Constant
o Louis de Narbonne
o Albert Jean Michel de Rocca






























Jean-Sylvain Bailly
Paul Barras
Lucien Bonaparte
Napoléon (Napoléon Bonaparte)
Jacques-Pierre Brissot
François Buzot
The Marquis de Condorcet
(Antoine de Caritat)
Benjamin Constant
Georges Danton
Camille Desmoulins
General Charles François
Dumouriez
Jacques-René Hébert
General Jean Nicolas Houchard
Marc-Antoine Jullien
The Marquis de Lafayette (Gilbert
du Motier)
Comte de Mirabeau (HonoréGabriel de Mirabeau)
Théophile Leclerc
Jean-Paul Marat
Mathieu de Montmorency
duc d’Orleans (also Philippe
Égalité)
Jérôme Pétion
Jean-Marie Roland
Jacques Roux
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (also
Abbé Sieyes)
Robespierre (Maximilien
Robespierre)
Toussaint Louverture
Antoine Saint-Just
Jean-Lambert Tallien
Tallyrand (Charles-Maurice de
Talleyrand-Périgord)
Claud Ysabeau
American & English Citizens


Edmund Burke
Thomas Jefferson
Study Guide Page 3
o Erik Magnus de Staël
o Talleyrand




Gouverneur Morris
James Munroe (Monroe)
Thomas Pain
Mary Wollstonecraft
Study Guide Page 4
Important Events & Issues
This chronology includes every event that appears in the contest questions. However, not
every event is included in the questions. Some events are listed only to provide context for the
overall flow of the Revolution. All events should be considered in relation to their impact on
the six women in Moore’s text as well as their impact on the Revolution’s focus, tactics,
violence, and direction.
1748-1789
Why did efforts to
save or reform the
Ancien Régime
fail?
Identify the causes
of the Revolution.
What was the
status of women
in the Ancien
Régime?
1789
What were the
strengths and
weaknesses of the
new constitutional
monarchy?
What role did
women play in the
early stages of the
Revolution? What
expectations did
they have? How
did revolutionary
men regard
women and their
status?
The Ancien Régime Collapses










Publication of De l’Espirit des Lois by Montesquieu
Seven Years War
Publication of The Social Contract by Rousseau
Louis XVI becomes king
Various finance ministers fail to reform government finances
Intervention in American Revolution pushes government to
edge of bankruptcy
Assembly of Notables fails to solve financial issues
Financial crisis forces decision to call Estates General
Parlement of Paris requires upcoming Estates General to
vote as separate orders & King doubles Third Estate
Crop failures & inflation leads to hunger & discontent
Reformers create a Constitutional Monarchy













Publication of What is the Third Estates by Sieyès
Elections to Estates General
Reveillon riots in Paris
Opening session of Estates General
Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
King orders First & Second Estates to join National
Assembly
Fall of the Bastille
The Great Fear
National Assembly abolishes feudal privileges
National Assembly recognizes National Guard & its elected
officers
National Assembly approves Declaration of the Rights of
Man and Citizen
October Days: protestors force royal family to move to Paris
Study Guide Page 5
1790
Why did the
Revolution begin
to falter?
1791
Why did the
constitutional
monarchy fail?
What role did
women play in
defending or
overthrowing the
constitutional
monarchy?
How did the
increasingly
radical tone of the
Revolution impact
women and their
status?



National Constituent Assembly meets in Paris
Distinction between active & passive citizens created
Sale of church land authorized, assignats created




France & Paris reorganized
Value of seigneurial obligations increased
Titles of hereditary nobility abolished
National Constituent Assembly approves Civil Constitution
of the Clergy
Nancy Rebellion
National Constituent Assembly & King approve Clerical
Oath




















Pope Pius VI condemns Clerical Oath
Death of Mirabeau
Royal family attempts to flee France
Champ de Mars Massacre
Slave revolt in Santi-Domingue
Declaration of Pillnitz
Louis XVI accepts Constituttion of 1791
Publication of Declaration of the Rights of Woman and
Citizen by Olympe de Gourges
First session of the Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly & Louis XVI vetoes legislation against
emigrés & non-juring priests
Louis XVI appoints Girondin ministry
France declares war against Austria & invades Austrian
Netherlands
Louis XVI dismisses Girondin ministry
Lafayette calls for suppression of Jacobins
Invasion of the Tuileries
Legislative Assembly declares state of emergency
Army sent to quell slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue
Prussia issues Brunswick Manifesto
Revolutionaries create First French Republic



Insurrection overthrows monarchy
Prussian & Austrian armies invade France
September Massacres
Study Guide Page 6




Why did the

Revolution

continue “to drift

to left” until the
radicals had taken 
control?


What impact did

the Reign of Terror 
have on the role

and status of
French women?



1792 & 1793











1794
Why did the
Revolution
“devour its own
children” during






French defeat Prussians at Battle of Valmy
First session of the National Convention
Brissot expelled from Jacobin Club
French defeat Austrians at Battle of Jemappes
Louis XVI tried and guillotined
France declares war on United Kingdom & Holland
Rebellion in Vendée begins
Revolutionary Tribunal created
French defeated at Battle of Neerwinden
National Convention creates local committees of surveillance
General Dumouriez defects to enemy
National Convention creates Committee of Public Safety
National Convention passes Law of the Maximum to control
prices
National Convention purges Girondins
Federalist revolt begins
National Convention fails to reelect Danton fails to
Committee of Public Safety
Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat
National Convention elects Robespierre to Committee of
Public Safety
National Convention decrees levée en masse
National Convention declares terror to be “the order of the
day”
French defeat British & Dutch at Battle of Hondschoote
General Houchard executed
National Convention enacts Law of Suspects
Lyon retaken by revolutionary forces & National Convention
orders city destroyed
Marie Antoinette executed
National Convention enacts Law of Revolutionary
Government
Army of Vendée defeated at Battle of Savenay
National Convention emancipates all slaves
Robespierre gives speech on “the principles of political
morality”
Arrests and execution of Hébertists
Arrest and execution of Danton and the Indulgents
National Convention authorizes Cult of the Supreme Being
The Great Terror
Study Guide Page 7
the Reign of
Terror?
1795




French defeat Austria at Battle of Fleurus
Robespierre and his associates arrested and executed
National Convention orders Jacobin Club of Paris closed
National Convention repeals Law of the Maximum
Thermidorian Reaction ends Reign of Terror
How did the
Revolutionary
ideals and fervor
continue and/or
change during the
Thermidorian
Reaction?









In what ways was 

Napoleon’s coup
d’etat the end or a 
continuation of the 
Revolution?


How had the
Revolution

changed the status
of French women?
1796 & 1797
Crop failures & starvation
Government suppresses food riots & popular uprisings
Peace between France & Prussia
Death of Louis XVII, Comte de Provence assumes title of
king as Louis XVIII
Convention approves Constitution of Year III
Napoleon & army suppress royalist uprising of 13
Vendémiaire
Directory begins
Napoleon named head of army of Italy
Babeuf arrested & executed
Directory voids election in coup d’état of Fructidor
Peace between France & Austria
Directory voids election in coup d’état of Floréal
Napoleon Bonaparte’s campaign in Egypt
Leftists win elections of Year VII & Sieyès named director
Directory blocks impeachment of Directors in coup d’etat of
30 Prairial
Coup d’etat of Brumaire brings Napoleon to power
Study Guide Page 8
Important Terms
Political Clubs








Feuillants
Cercle Social (Social Circle or Club)
Conspiracy of Equals
Cordeliers’ Club
Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes
Jacobin Club (Society of the Friends of the Constitution)
Société des Républiancs-Révolutionnaires
Society of the Friends of the Law
Political Factions





Enrages
Feuillants
Hébertists
Girondins (Brissotins)
Indulgents
French
Governments





Jacobins
Monarchiens (Impartials)
Montagnards (The
Mountain)
The Plain (The Marsh)
Septembrists
Bourbon Monarchy (1589 to Sept. 1792)
 Parlements and Parlement of Paris (1443 to Nov. 1789)
 Gallican Church (1682 to July 1790)
 Estates General (May 1789 to June 1789)
 National Assembly (June 1789 to July 1789)
 National Constituent Assembly (July 1789 to Sept. 1791)
 Legislative Assembly (Oct. 1791 to Sept. 1792)
The First French Republic (Sept. 1792 to May 1804)
 National Convention (Sept. 1792 to Oct. 1795)
 Committee of Public Safety (July 1793 to Oct 1795)
 The Directory (Oct. 1795 to Nov. 1799)
 Council of Ancients and Council of 500 (Nov. 1795 to
1799)
 The Consulate (Nov. 1799 to May 1804
The First French Empire (May 1804 to July 1815
Important Political
Concept and Terms
Left/Right political spectrum
 Leftists: radicals demanding fundamental change
 Centrists: moderates willing to compromise
 Rightists: reactionaries defending traditions and continuity
“French Revolution’s drift to the left”
Study Guide Page 9
French Words & Phrases
Lists include any French words that appear in contest questions. Most of the words are
defined by Words and Phrases in Moore text, pp. 437-441.
Individuals
amazone
bourgeois/e
citoyen/ne
dauphin
émigré
enragés/enragées
marchand/e
marveilleuses
mouchard or observateur
muscadin or jeunesse dorée
Noblesse d’épée
Noblesse de robe
patriote
philosophe
poissard/e
représentants en mission
salonniére
sans-culottes
tricoteuse
Miscellaneous
à bas …
ancien régime
assignats
bonnet rouge
cahier, cahiers de doléances
chansons de guilloltine
chemise de la reine
cocarde
Commune
Department
faubourg
fête champêtre
fête triomphale
guillotine
Hôtel de Ville
lettres de cachet
levée en masse
salon
toilette
tribune
vous and tu
Residences, Public
Spaces, and Prisons
La Chaumière
Palais Royal
Place de La Révolution
Tuileries
Versailles
Bastille
Conciergerie
Luxembourge
Study Guide Page 10
Coroner’s Report: Guillotine (4 min) TV-MA
The History Channel
http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution/videos/coroners-report-guillotine
This short video on the History
Channel provides an
explanation of the guillotine as
a method of execution. The
narrator’s matter-of-fact
presentation should not
obscure the fact that this device
was a terrorist killing machine.
Our distance from these events
should not obscure the
barbarous use of murder by
guillotine as a political tool by
French revolutionaries in the
18th Century. This use of terror
was just as pernicious as the
use of violence by any
extremists today.
Ça Ira from Power-Point Presentation
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Le peuple en ce jour sans cesse répète,
The people on this day repeat over and over,
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Malgré les mutins tout réussira.
In spite of the mutineers everything shall succeed.
Nos ennemis confus en restent là
Our enemies, confounded, stay petrified
Et nous allons chanter « Alléluia ! »
And we shall sing Alleluia
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Quand Boileau jadis du clergé parla
When Boileau used to speak about the clergy
Comme un prophète il a prédit cela.
Like a prophet he predicted this.
En chantant ma chansonnette
By singing my little song
Avec plaisir on dira :
With pleasure, people shall say,
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Suivant les maximes de l’évangile
According to the precepts of the Gospel
Du législateur tout s’accomplira.
Of the lawmaker everything shall be accomplished
Celui qui s’élève on l’abaissera
The one who puts on airs shall be brought down
Study Guide Page 11
Celui qui s’abaisse on l’élèvera.
The one who is humble shall be elevated
Le vrai catéchisme nous instruira
The true catechism shall instruct us
Et l’affreux fanatisme s’éteindra.
And the awful fanaticism shall be snuffed out.
Pour être à la loi docile
At being obedient to Law
Tout Français s’exercera.
Every Frenchman shall train
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Pierrette et Margot chantent la guinguette Pierrette and Margot sing the guinguette
Réjouissons-nous, le bon temps viendra !
Let us rejoice, good times will come !
Le peuple français jadis à quia,
The French people used to keep silent,
L’aristocrate dit : « Mea culpa ! »
The aristocrat says Mea culpa!
Le clergé regrette le bien qu'il a,
The clergy regrets its wealth,
Par justice, la nation l’aura.
The state, with justice, will get it.
Par le prudent Lafayette,
Thanks to the careful Lafayette,
Tout le monde s'apaisera.
Everyone will calm down.
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Par les flambeaux de l’auguste assemblée, By the torches of the august assembly,
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Le peuple armé toujours se gardera.
An armed people will always take care of
themselves.
Le vrai d'avec le faux l’on connaîtra,
We'll know right from wrong,
Le citoyen pour le bien soutiendra.
The citizen will support the Good.
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira
Ah ! It'll be fine, It'll be fine, It'll be fine
Quand l’aristocrate protestera,
When the aristocrat shall protest,
Le bon citoyen au nez lui rira,
The good citizen will laugh in his face,
Sans avoir l’âme troublée,
Without troubling his soul,
Toujours le plus fort sera.
And will always be the stronger.
Petits comme grands sont soldats dans
l’âme,
Small ones and great ones all have the soul of a
soldier,
Pendant la guerre aucun ne trahira.
During war none shall betray.
Avec cœur tout bon Français combattra,
With heart all good French people will fight,
S’il voit du louche, hardiment parlera.
If he sees something fishy he shall speak with
courage.
Lafayette dit : « Vienne qui voudra ! »
Lafayette says "come if you will!"
Sans craindre ni feu, ni flamme,
Without fear for fire or flame,
Le Français toujours vaincra !
The French always shall win!