Optimisation territoriale de l`approvisionnement en

Transcription

Research Center on Gas &
New Energies
RESEARCH & INNOVATIVE DIVISION
Types of biomass for Energy valorisation
Agricultural and waste
(residues, crops, sewage)
Woody biomass (e.g.
pellets, wood waste)
Storage
Transport
Pre-treatment
Thermo-chemical conversion
Combustion
Small and
Mediumscale
boilers
Charcoal
Production
Large
scale biopower
plants
Pyrolysis
3G
2G
1G
Fermentation
hydrolisis
Gasification
Methanation
Co-firing
and
retrofit
Algae
“2G” Biomethane
Fuel for
Industrial
Processes
(glass, metal
processing,
drying,...
Anaerobic
Digestion
Biogas
treatment &
upgrading
Combustion
Bio-methane
EBCE 2013 - Copenhagen - 3CO11.2 - GDF SUEZ
Centre de Recherche et Innovation Gaz et Energies Nouvelles
GrDF Study
Availability (TWhr/yr)
Importations
Food processing industry residues
Wood wastes
Agricultural residues
Woody biomass
Energy crops
Biomass resource availability by 2020 and 2050
* Studies from GRDF – 2013 – availaible at : Lien Web
3
Commitments in 2013 for implementing renewable gas
GrDF ROADMAP for green gases :
67% of green gases in 2050
- up to 133 TWh of BtG (24%)
-
Injection de gaz renouvelables dans le réseau de gaz (en TWh injectés par an)
300
250
200
hydrogène
150
micro-algues
100
gazéif ication
méthanisation
50
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
RESOVERT Tool
www.grtgaz.com
4
Complementary pathways targeting different resources
2010
2020
2030
2040..
R&D needs
3G
3G
M icroalgae
On site production and CO2 recycling
2G
2G
R&D
Gasification/methanation
Lignocelulosiqc Biomass (Woody,…)
Pilot scale
2G Max technical
potential
- Today : 75 TWh
- 2020 : 100 TWh*
- 2050 : 185 TWh*
Anaerobic digestion
Organic w aste (municipal, industrial…)
Available
Biomethane energy carrier potential
Raw potential 2050 ≈ 200 BioSNG units in France
5
* Studies from GRDF – 2013 – availaible at : Lien Web
Enable the potential of 2G Biomethane
2011
R&D
Lab Concept
2017
R&D Pilot
2020
Industrialization
 Validate at pilot scale a integrated portfolio of technology solutions to support industrial
deployment and secure some competitive advantages for the GDF SUEZ Group
 A project with an integrated vision of the pathway : “from biomass to injection in the grid”
 Develop a profitable industry by 2017  need to reach competitive costs for 2G Biomethane
 Support the development of a regulatory framework and an incentive context at European level
6
Source : Etude Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ) – GDF SUEZ - 2009
A sustainable pathway with short supply radius and local heat valorization
• Biomethane plant size target : 20 à 60 MWBiomethane - 100 – 300 kT biomass – Enlarge feedstocks base
• An opportunity to improve overall efficiency of 4 to 7% with valorization of excess heat from methanation
GES impact gCO2eq /MJ
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
* Directive
2009/28/CE
Existing units in
2017
(50% réf. fossile)*
Electricity consumption
Methanation
New units after 2017
(60% réf. fossile)*
Gasification
Drying
Biomass transport
Biomass production
Fossil fuel reference
Meilleur
scénario
EBCE 2013 - Copenhagen - 3CO11.2 - GDF SUEZ
30 - 40 % of operating costs of a 2G
biomethane production unit are dedicated to
biomass procurement
 30 % of those costs are due to transport
Prices and availability of biomass feedstock
could strongly vary during the 20 years of life
of a production unit
10
GAYA Database
Scope :
- France – communal level with GPS localisation of
feedstocks
- Europe regional level on 10 countries (Pologne,
Italie, UK, Espagne, Allemagne,…)
Biomass Origin
Forestry
Category
Forest
Wood processing
by-products/residues
- 53 Biomasses
Residues
Agriculture
- including some
innovative types
of biomasses
(torrefied,…)
Short rotation coppices
Energy crops
Milk industry
Sugar industry
Starch industry
Food and feed
industries
Meat Industry
Example
Stems (all types of wood) ; Residues
(thinnings, all types of wood) ; stumps (all
types of wood)
Sawmill and pulp and paper by-products
Cereal straw, corn (straw and cane),
Rapeseed (straw), Sunflower (straw), Vine
shoot
Poplar, willow, Eucalyptus
Buttermilk, whey (milk)
Pulp, Foam, molasses (sugar)
Pulp; Bran; middlings; middlings (starch)
Cutting waste (meat)
Waste processing (fish)
Packing industry
Wine industry
Vegetal oil
Pulp, Seed, Grapevine rachis, dregs (wine)
Rapeseed meal, Soybean, Sunflower, olive
cake (oil)
11
- Losses
- Environnemental contraints
- Existing utilizations (heat, power generation …)
Overall feedstocks
Available feedstock
Available and Sustainable
feedstock
Biomass available for new
utilisations
(Used for potential
assessment)
« Decision making »
Real potential
(Non assessed)
140
120
Focus on
France
2011
100
80
Secteur
Forêt
Agroalimentaire
Agriculture
60
40
20
0
Gtot
Gtr
Gdd
Données Centre
Gnu
Gnet
de Recherche et Innovation Gaz et Energies Nouvelles
12
Région
Basse Normandie
Pays de la Loire
Limousin
Nord-Pas de Calais
Bretagne
Alsace
Corse
Ile de France
Haute Normandie
Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur
Auvergne
Franche Comté
Picardie
Aquitaine
Poitou-Charentes
Lorraine
Languedoc-Roussillon
Midi Pyrénées
Bourgogne
Rhône Alpes
Champagne-Ardenne
Centre
3,00
Gnu
2,50
2,00
1,50
Secteur
1,00
Agriculture
Forêt
0,50
Agroalimentaire
0,00
-0,50
-1,00
13
Department scale – Split the biomass resource inside a department
On solution: barycentre
Forest
Agriculture
Urban (wastes)
Average origin to calculate distance of transport
5. T21 . Ot her met hodol ogi cal wor ks
Forest
Agriculture
Urban (wastes)
Q based
on CLC
P based
on CLC
Freight stations and ports :
• Their potential f°(resources in a “reasonable area ”around)
• Reasonable area: road transport that do not impact to much the interest of a mix
of transport modes
Ports potential (double counting possible)
Somme des champs
160 000
Q Forêt
Q Agriculture
Q Urbain
Net feedstocks for wood – France 2012
Results available for 5 european countries
17
Mobilisation rate
100%
25%
GAYA R&D objectives :
87 €/t
27 428 t
8
20 93
89 €/t
Q25_Recherchee
30
1 000
t
t
69
5 000
87 €/t
t
50 000
87t €/t
7
87 €/t 1
PdPt
79 - 85
79 - 85
86 - 95
86 - 95
96 - 105
96 - 105
106 - 115
106 - 115
116 - 151
116 - 151
5
86
t
PdPt
10 000
9
16
95
t
8
24
5
2
83 75
Q100_Recherchee
24
74
1
t
88 €/t
15%
5%
104 €/t
104 €/t
4
9
98 €/t
64
65
t
87 €/t
63
105 €/t
t
90 €/t
99 €/t
4
51
1
t
90 €/t
79 €/t
t
97 €/t
10 000
PdPt
86 - 95
96 - 105
93 €/t
8t
79 - 85
104 €/t
3 35
09
t
13
7
70
45
6t
5t 46
1
4 55
5 000
93 €/t
88 €/t
7t
116 - 151
1 859 t
95 €/t
2 91
1 000
88 €/t
8
33
7t
3 342 t
t
Q5_Recherchee
9t
6 87
9
t
96 - 105
106 - 115
92 €/t
87 €/t
49
84
5
87 €/t
5 133 t
1
98 €/t
t
86 - 95
14
2 195 t
SaintFons
t
79 - 85
10
6
87 €/t
t
t
57
10 000
PdPt
t
9
71 87 €/t
23
t
3
5 000
38
44
68
t
100 €/t
3
12 56
11
4
89 €/t
82
t
65
1 000
t
79 €/t
89 €/t
90 €/t
16 457 t
6
16
Q15_Recherchee
99
4
6
4 188
t
5 486 t
55
45
41
3
99 €/t
90 €/t
t
87 €/t
SaintFons
1. Access to a
detailed database
for biomass in
France with GPS
localization (woody,
straw, recycle
wood, organic dried
waste...)
79 €/t
SaintFons
79 €/t
SaintFons
93 €/t
93 €/t
2. Develop advanced
tools to optimize
positioning and
biomass
procurement of a
BioSNG Unit
106 - 115
116 - 151
103 €/t
France case – multimodal transport considered : road, fluvial and rail
35
30
25
€/tb
20
15
10
5
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Km
300
350
400
450
500
Bois LD (48t)
Bois CMD (48t/57t)
PLAQ humide (40t)
Balle Produits Agr (44t) (C-R) LD
Vrac Produits agr (44t) (B)
Bois LD (40t)
Bois CMD (40t)
Référence CNR (40t)
Bois CMD (57 t)
Bois LD (57 t)
Granulés
Mix matériel agricole (44t) CMD
FerAgr CMD
Fer bois vrac CMD
Fer BR CMD
FerAgr LD
Fer bois vrac LD
Fer BR LD
Fluvial Agr petit
Fluvial bois vrac petit
Fluvial BR petit
Fluvial Agr moyen
Fluvial bois vrac moyen
Fluvial BR moyen
Fer tout CMD
Fer tout LD
Fluvial tout petit
Fluvial tout moyen
19
Roundwood
Chips 50 (P50)
Chips 30 (P30)
Chips 25 (P25)
Chips 20 ¨(P20)
Pellets
Districts: 6655
Railway stations: 244
Ports: 5
BioSNG unit : ST FONS, x=7959, y=20820
Max distance origin-unit: 331,5km
Total available RW (Gnu) = 9 Mts
Total available M50 (Gnu) = 1.7 Mts
District with RW or P50: 6390
Demand (200000 ts) = 1,8% totat Gnu
 the variation of the % of available biomass in a region have a strong impact on
the procurement area and relative interest of the railways stations
Mapping and analysis of feedstocks economicaly available for a 2G
industrial units near St Fons (banlieue Lyonnaise)
Forest
Agriculture
Urban (wastes)
22
Agriculture
Forest
Others
Storage
Handling
Other process
Straw
5 options
4 options
Pelletisation
Dedicated coppices
5 options
4 options
Pelletisation
Bulk
10 options
4 options
Drying
Pelletisation
Roundwood (id. SRC)
8 options
4 options
Chipping
Pellets
4 options
4 options
Others
2 options
4 options
18
€/tb
16
14
Manutention Min
12
Manutention Moyenne
Manutention Max
10
Stockage Min
8
Stockage Moyenne
6
Stockage Max
4
2
0
Bois ronds
Cultures
dédiées
Granulés
Plaquettes Tout produit
Paille
Total
23
Tool : G-Scope – Univ Grenoble & Torronto
MultiDimentional Scaling (MDS)



Step 1: Proximity analysis based on the chosen criteria (if
it is the transit time, then need to get a time matrix done by
GIS tool)
Step 2: Principle Component Analysis (PCA) with weighed
units by quantities
Etape 3: Ascending Hierarchical Classification done on the
PCA axes (WARD method)
Forêt
Forêt
Plateforme1
Plateforme2
Forêt
Forêt
Forêt
: Transport routier (itinéraires BR)
Usine de
transformation
: Traction ferroviaire longue distance
24
Case study of GAYA demonstration
unit - St Fons (Lyon)
25
1
2
3
-Tension forte sur certaines biomasses
- besoin d’évolution des modèles d’affaire
- Enjeux majeur sur une gestion territoriale
de la biomasse
-Gestion raisonnée des importations
-Besoin fort de structuration des filières de
production forestières
- Flexibiliser les technologies
- garantir la durabilité des approvisionnements
- Développer des outils d’optimisation
logistique multimodaux
- Développer la chaine de la valeur sur les
filières biomasses (Bioraffinerie)
26
Thank you for your attention !
http://www.projetgaya.com
Contact : [email protected]
Direction Recherche & Innovation
Centre de Recherche et Innovation
Gaz et Energies Nouvelles
361 avenue du Président Wilson
93211 Saint-Denis La Plaine
France
Tel : +33 (0)1 44 22 00 00
www.gdfsuez.com
Biomass resource availability by 2020 and 2050
Importations
Food processing industry residues
Wood wastes
Woody biomass
Energy crops
2nd generation biomethane production potential
(TWhr/yr)
Agricultural residues
2nd generation biomethane
production potential
Biomethane potential from energy crops
29
2nd generation biomethane production potential range:
From 100 TWhr/an by 2020 to 250 TWhr/an by 2050
(2011 French natural gas consumption: 400 TWhr)
 High production potential coming from:
o
High energy efficiency of the production process (45% <
o
Heat valorization allows to reach even higher energy efficiencies
< 65% without heat recovery)
 Energetic crops have been presented separately because their development is still uncertain
 By 2020 and 2050, woody biomass resource will still be the main part of the feedstock
supply plans for the production units
Perspectives:
 The willingness of the forest and land owners to sell their biomass should be studied
 Competition between energetic valorization pathways of biomass resources should be
taken into account and quantified
 The 3 scenarii could be modified to be more accurate and to offer a better view of the range
of possible of the socio-economic situation by 2050
 A study to determine the best use of available arable lands (crops for biogas or biomethane
production, micro-algae cultivation…)
30
Complementary pathways targeting different resources
Combustion
Heat (industry)
Wet
Lignocellulosic (wood,,...)
(municipal waste ,
manure...)
Dry
Biomass
3G
2G
CO2
Gasification
(thermo-chemical)
syngas
Ashes
Energy efficiency (net)
Electricity / heat /
CHP generation
Electricity / Heat
Fischer-Tropsch
2G - Biodiesel
(catalytic)
Methanation
(catalytic)
1G
Anaerobic
digestion
(biological)
η elec. ~ 25-35 % / η global ~ 75-80 %, (*)
(annual ef f iciency)
η*process ~ 24 – 35 %
(reached on demo plants)
Biomethane
η*process* = 56–60%
η process = 65–70%
(reached on pilot scale, biomass
moisture : 20 %)
(targeted efficiency)
Heat
biogas
Biomethane
η ~ 35 – 60%
(reached on commercial plants)
Challenges techniques
31
*Estimations basées sur un scénario validé à partir de la centrale de Güssing
31

Optimisation territoriale de l`approvisionnement en

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