Area development Bo01 - City of Tomorrow Malmö, Sweden,

Area development Bo01 - City of Tomorrow
Malmö, Sweden, - 2001
page - 1
Introduction
City of Tomorrow
The theme of Bo01 is the City of Tomorrow in an
ecologically sustainable information and welfare
community. Beauty and stimulation are
keywords in the new society with human beings
at its centre. The district aims to be a driving
force in Malmö’s development towards
environmental sustainability.
Swedish Environmental Quality Objectives
Together with the City of Malmö an
environmental and architectural quality program
has been developed, based on the Swedish
quality objectives.
Energy concept: 100% locally renewable
The energy concept for the area is based on the principles of:
• Minimised energy consumption.
• Renewable sources of energy.
• Balance between production and consumption of energy
within the district over a course of a year
• High level of individual comfort.
Sun, wind and water are the basis for energy production.
Sweden's largest urban solar energy project is implemented
in the area. Energy and sewage systems work together
through heat extraction and biogas production.
The Swedish Parliament has established 14
objectives for environmental quality that
describe the qualities our environment and our
common natural and cultural resources must
have in order to be ecologically sustainable. The
overall aim is for us to be able to hand over a
society to the next generation in which the major
environmental problems have been solved.
The 14 objectives are:
• Clean air.
• High Quality groundwater.
• Sustainable lakes and watercourses.
• Flourishing wetlands.
• A varied agricultural landscape.
• A magnificent mountain landscape.
• A non-toxic environment.
• A balanced marine environment,
sustainable coastal areas and
archipelagos.
• No eutrophication.
• Natural acidification only.
• Sustainable forests.
• A good urban environment.
• A safe radiation environment.
• A protective ozone layer.
Partners
Client
Exhibition
Utility
Consultants
Website
Contact
City of Malmö
Bo01 - City of Tomorrow
Sydkraft
Lund University
Swedish National Energy Administration
www.Bo01.com
[email protected]
Produced April 2001, by W/E Consultants Sustainable Building, The Netherlands,
www.w-e.nl, +31 182 68 34 34
Area development Bo01 - City of Tomorrow
Malmö, Sweden, - 2001
page - 2
Regional Context
Site
The site overviews the water towards Copenhagen, is
close to Malmö city centre and its medieval heart.
Malmö University and central railway station are also
nearby and the junction for the new city tunnels leading
to the Öresund Bridge soon will be. Bo01 consists of
two parts: a permanent housing area (800 dwellings)
and an exhibition site with ± 15 demonstration houses.
The whole expanse covers about 30 hectares. Most of
the buildings are family houses and 3-4-storey
apartment blocks.
The urban plan is for a modern city layout. But the
actual form has been inspired from many sources,
including ancient and renaissance city planning and
construction. The city layout is close, intimate and
extremely efficient in its use of surface areas. Apart
from the only high-rise in the area - a 45-storey (140
m) tower - the new urban area is low and dense.
Building heights varying from one to six storeys. Total
development rights are for around 175,000 m². The
tower in the centre by Calatrava functions as a
landmark for the area.
European Village
A special section in Bo01 has been reserved for the
European village, where 15 European demonstration
houses are presented. Representatives from various
countries, including Greece, Norway, Germany,
Hungary, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia and
Sweden currently are building these houses. The
houses reflect regional characteristics, but are
adapted to the climatic and building conditions in
Malmö and constructed using environmentally
sustainable methods and techniques. During the
exhibition the houses will be furnished and shown to
the general public, afterwards they will be sold.
8
30
7
25
6
Solar radiation
Average temperature
20
5
15
4
10
3
5
2
0
1
0
-5
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Temperature in °C
solar radiation in kWh / m2.day
The exhibition is between 17 May and 16 September
2001. One million visitors are expected by the
organisation.
climate
Type of climate
Altitude (m)
Latitude
Longitude
Average ambient temp
January
July
Degree days (base 18°C)
Global irradiation (kWh/m²)
Sunshine hours (h/day)
Produced April 2001, by W/E Consultants Sustainable Building, The Netherlands,
Sea climate
0
56°41’ N
12°51’ E
7.7
-1.2
17.3
1,928
www.w-e.nl, +31 182 68 34 34
Area development Bo01 - City of Tomorrow
Malmö, Sweden, - 2001
page - 3
Urban Planning
Energy
The goal is produce all energy sustainably and
locally. This goal will be partly reached: over the
year, local energy production will equal the use,
but connection to the national grid is necessary
for temporary shortages or overproduction. This
is reached by the following measures
• Minimisation of use: less then 105 kWh/m²a
for all buildings.
• Maximum recycling of energy from waste
and sewage
• Clean production of energy by: An 80m-wind
turbine, 2000 m² of PV and heat pumps that
use heat from soil and water.
Parks and gardens
The area will include three parks and many green areas.
Gardens will offer prospects of water and greenery and are
planted with fully-grown trees. For each housing garden area
there is a program of ten ‘green actions’. In this way biodiversity is stimulated.
Transport
• Dense building pattern with a wide range of services
recreational opportunities
• Network of pedestrian and cycle routes. In the planning
environmental friendly vehicles have advantages in access
and parking.
• Bus system attractive to use.
• Buses use environmental friendly fuels.
• Maintenance vehicles are powered by electricity.
Water drainage and waste treatment
Adaptation of the waste water system for
recycling is based on co-ordination of measures
in properties in the local urban area. Similar
measures are done in the whole of the city.
Solutions for the Western Harbour are coordinated with operations on central recycling
equipment for the recovery of electrical energy,
heat, biogas, phosphorus, and nitrogen from
waste-water and sewage. Special measures
are:
• Recovery of energy and nutrients from
sewage-treatment residue.
• A biogas reactor will produce vehicle fuel
and fertiliser out of organic material.
• Household waste is separated in organic
and residual waste with a vacuum system.
• Residual waste is burned for district heating.
• 200 dwellings have special waste sorting
disposal units in the kitchen.
• Separation of waste on each property in:
newsprint, cardboard, metal, plastics,
coloured glass, plain glass, residual waste
and organic waste. By making this system
easy to use and understand residual waste
will be reduced with 80%.
• Waste from parks is collected for
composting and fermentation.
• Heavy metals and other toxic concentrations
in sewage may not exceed the allowed
levels for agricultural use.
• Phosphorus from sewage is recovered for
agricultural use.
Produced April 2001, by W/E Consultants Sustainable Building, The Netherlands,
www.w-e.nl, +31 182 68 34 34
Area development Bo01 - City of Tomorrow
Malmö, Sweden, - 2001
Project Data
Project case
Development (initiative – first use)
Urban plan
Total surface of area
Built surface of area
Paved (infrastructure)
Green
Private
Public
Building Space
Nett. office space
Dwellings
Others
Floor Area Ratio
Transport
Maximum distance to car park
Maximum distance to public transport
Frequency of public transport
Bicycle storage
Waste separation
Construction and demolition waste
Household waste
Waste recycling
Energy infrastructure
Collective
Heat production
Cooling production
DHW production
Electricity production
-2001
Area (ha)
30
max. 17.5
Gas (cooking)
Individual
Heating production
Cooling production
DHW production
Electricity production
Energy use
Total
Space heating
Space cooling
Domestic hot water
Electricity
Ventilation
Facilities
Shops
Recreation
Health centre
Schools
Ecology
Soil treatment
Surface water
Noise
Flora & Fauna
Water management
Supply
Drink
Toilet flush
Gardening
Rainwater collection
Collective
Individual
Grey water system
Black water system
page - 4
Reference case (normal practice)
1.4
Area (m²)
± 40,000
± 80,000 (ca 800 dwellings)
0.4 (gross) 0.78 (nett)
6 fractions
9 fractions
recycling and energy production
system
(MWh/year)
100%
heat pump
wind mill, solar panels
(2,000 m²)
N/A
6,300
700
heat pump / electricity
none
electricity
(kWh/m²)
less then 105 kWh/m2
distance (m)
in district
gardening program
collective biogas production
Produced April 2001, by W/E Consultants Sustainable Building, The Netherlands,
www.w-e.nl, +31 182 68 34 34