French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7 Patterns Study Sheet

Page 1 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
Describing
First Step (Première étape)
Je vous présente mon cousin, Philippe. Il est grand, beau et énergique. Ses amis disent
qu’il est sportif. Il n’est pas réservé, c’est vrai, mais il reçoit de bonnes notes parce qu’il
est studieux. Il a une voix basse et il aime chanter. Il a les cheveux bruns est les yeux
marron. Nous faisons beaucoup de choses intéressantes ensemble. C’est un bon ami.
Et voici ma cousine, Valérie. Elle n’est pas grande comme Philippe. Mais elle est belle et
énergique. Ses amies disent qu’elle est mignonne ! Je trouve qu’elle est active mais elle
est aussi organisée et sérieuse. Elle est blonde et elle a les yeux bleus. Ses vêtements
sont toujours chic. Je lui dis presque tout parce qu’elle est bien discrète. Elle est ma
cousine favorite.
Provide the missing information in the table about Jean-Luc and Christine. Pay particular
attention to the endings of the adjectives used to describe Philippe and Valérie to discover
how to describe Christine.
Philippe est
grand
réservé
énergique
studieux
bon
Valérie est
grande
organisée
énergique
sérieuse
mignonne
Jean-Luc est
petit
doué
drôle
heureux
canadien
Christine est
Examples and Explanations (Exemples et explications)
Adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun or pronoun they describe. Here is a
review of how to change the masculine form of an adjective to the feminine form.
•
For most masculine forms, you simply add an "e" unless the adjective already ends with
an "e". (Remember that é is a different letter than e in French.) To make most
adjectives plural, you simply add an "s" to the singular form unless the adjective already
ends with an "s" or an "x".
Masculin-Singulier
amusant
méchant
vert
poli
noir
gris
aimable
spontané
Féminin-Singulier
amusante
méchante
verte
polie
noire
grise
aimable
spontanée
Masculin-Pluriel
amusants
méchants
verts
polis
noirs
gris
aimables
spontanés
Féminin-Pluriel
amusantes
méchantes
vertes
polies
noires
grises
aimables
spontanées
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Page 2 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
•
Most masculine adjectives ending in "x" have a feminine form ending in "euse".
Masculin-Singulier
coléreux
ennuyeux
•
Masculin-Pluriel
naïfs
vifs
Féminin-Pluriel
naïves
vives
Féminin-Singulier
bonne
européenne
cruelle
Masculin-Pluriel
bons
européens
cruels
Féminin-Pluriel
bonnes
européennes
cruelles
Féminin-Singulier
basse
grosse
Masculin-Pluriel
bas
gros
Féminin-Pluriel
basses
grosses
Some masculine adjectives ending in "et" have a feminine form ending in "ète" (note the
è). Also, masculine adjectives ending in "er" have a feminine form ending in "ère" (note
the è).
Masculin-Singulier
secret
discret
dernier
léger
•
Féminin-Singulier
naïve
vive
Some masculine adjectives ending in "s" have a feminine form ending in "se".
Remember, when the masculine form ends in "s" you don’t add an "s" to make it plural.
Masculin-Singulier
bas
gros
•
Féminin-Pluriel
coléreuses
ennuyeuses
Most masculine adjectives ending in "on", "en", and "el" double the final consonant
before adding the "e" in the feminine form.
Masculin-Singulier
bon
européen
cruel
•
Masculin-Pluriel
coléreux
ennuyeux
Most masculine adjectives ending in "f" have a feminine form ending in "ve".
Masculin-Singulier
naïf
vif
•
Féminin-Singulier
coléreuse
ennuyeuse
Féminin-Singulier
secrète
discrète
dernière
légère
Masculin-Pluriel
secrets
discrets
derniers
légers
Féminin-Pluriel
secrètes
discrètes
dernières
légères
Some masculine adjectives ending in "et" or "ot" double the "t" before adding the "e" for
the feminine form.
Masculin-Singulier
muet
sot
Féminin-Singulier
muette
sotte
Masculin-Pluriel
muets
sots
Féminin-Pluriel
muettes
sottes
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Page 3 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
•
Many masculine adjectives ending with "c" have a feminine form ending in "che".
Masculin-Singulier
blanc
franc
•
Masculin-Pluriel
blancs
francs
Féminin-Pluriel
blanches
franches
Note the endings of adjectives derived from a verb.
Masculin-Singulier
travailleur
(travailler)
trompeur
(tromper)
conservateur
(conserver)
•
Féminin-Singulier
blanche
franche
Féminin-Singulier
travailleuse
Masculin-Pluriel
travailleurs
Féminin-Pluriel
travailleuses
trompeuse
trompeurs
trompeuses
conservatrice
conservateurs
conservatrices
Some adjectives are totally irregular and you must learn them through "experience".
Here are some of the most common ones. Two notes about the plural form of some
masculine adjectives:
o The plural form of an adjective ending in "eau" is "eaux" (like nouveaux).
o The plural form of an adjective ending in "al" is "aux" (like oraux). Two
exceptions are banal and final. Just add "s" to these two adjectives (like les
examens finals).
Masculin-Singulier
beau
bref
doux
faux
favori
fou
frais
gentil
grec
long
nouveau
pareil
public
roux
vieux
Féminin-Singulier
belle
brève
douce
fausse
favorite
folle
fraîche
gentille
grecque
longue
nouvelle
pareille
publique
rousse
vieille
Masculin-Pluriel
beaux
brefs
doux
faux
favoris
fous
frais
gentils
grecs
longs
nouveaux
pareils
publics
roux
vieux
Féminin-Pluriel
belles
brèves
douces
fausses
favorites
folles
fraîches
gentilles
grecques
longues
nouvelles
pareilles
publiques
rousses
vieilles
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Page 4 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
•
Finally, some adjectives are invariable. That means that they don’t change form to
reflect gender or number.
o Two examples are chic and bon marché.
 Elle porte des robes chic.
 On peut acheter des vêtements bon marché dans certains magasins.
o Colors that are also nouns are invariable.
 Il porte des chaussures marron (chestnut color—brown).
 Elle porte une chemise kaki.
 Elle aime les blouses turquoise.
o Compound colors are also invariable.
 Sa chemise est bleu clair.
 Sa cravate est vert foncé.
A. Quick Check (Vérification rapide)
Before you go any further, do this Quick Check to see if you understand masculine and
feminine forms of adjectives. Write in the missing forms. Note that some of the adjectives
are plural. The correct answers are on the answer sheet.
Forme masculine
prochain
renfermés
Forme féminine
Forme masculine
sot
timide
flatteur
Forme féminine
blanche
dangereux
inactif
actuel
anciens
originales
belles
fous
long
grasses
premier
complète
rousse
chic
bleu foncé
Examples and Explanations—Continued (Exemples et explications—suite)
You will review the position of the descriptive adjective.
•
Most French descriptive adjectives follow the noun they describe.
o Cécile est une fille imaginative.
o Son père est un homme cultivé.
•
Some common adjectives precede the noun. Remember that they usually refer to
beauty, age/order, goodness, or size.
o Beauty:
une jolie fille
un beau tableau
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Page 5 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
o
Age/order:
o
Goodness:
o
Size:
une jeune femme
une vieille maison
un nouveau copain
le premier exemple
une bonne activité
un mauvais effort
une gentille personne
un vilain garçon (Vilain est l’antonyme de gentil.)
une longue explication
une grande erreur
un petit problème
une grosse faute
•
Three masculine singular adjectives change when they directly precede a noun that
begins with a vowel or a mute h. They are beau, nouveau, and vieux. They become bel,
nouvel, and vieil. Study these examples and note that this happens only when the
adjective directly precedes the noun that begins with a vowel or a mute h.
o un bel homme
o un nouvel exemple
o un vieil hôtel
o un vieux mais grand hôtel
•
Autre is another adjective that precedes the noun it describes.
o Je vais vous montrer un autre exemple.
o Tu vas voir d’autres exemples plus tard. (Note that d’autres is the plural of un autre
and une autre.)
o Je préfère les autres exemples.
•
When you use more than one adjective to describe a noun, put each adjective in its
normal position. If they both precede or both follow the noun, then join them with et.
o un vieil ami sympathique
o une belle voiture italienne
o une explication claire et intéressante
o un long et mauvais film
•
Finally, some adjectives can either precede or follow the noun they describe, but the
meaning changes depending on their placement.
o mon ancien professeur
my former professor
o une ville ancienne
an ancient or old city
As you will see from the following examples, when an adjective comes after the noun it
usually has a literal meaning.
o un soldat brave (a brave soldier)
o un brave type (a decent guy)
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Page 6 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
o
o
o
un problème certain (a sure problem)
une certaine femme (a certain lady)
certaines personnes (some people)
o
o
une voiture chère (an expensive car)
un cher ami (a dear friend)
o
o
la semaine dernière (last week, the preceding week)
la dernière fois (the last or final time)
o
o
o
la même idée (the same idea)
le moment même (the very moment)
la beauté même (beauty itself)
o
o
un homme pauvre (a poor or penniless man)
un pauvre enfant (an unfortunate child)
o
o
une chambre propre (a clean room)
ma propre chambre (my own room)
o
o
une voiture sale (a dirty car)
une sale histoire (a nasty or awful story)
o
o
une femme seule (a lonely woman)
le seul homme (the only man)
o
o
une histoire simple (a simple story)
une simple histoire (an ordinary story)
o
o
une vraie amie (a real friend)
une histoire vraie (a true story)
B. Quick Check (Vérification rapide)
Before you go to the exercises, do this Quick Check to see if you understand where to place
adjectives. Add the adjectives to the nouns given. The correct answers are on the answer
sheet.
Modèle :
1.
2.
3.
4.
un ami (vieux) --> un vieil ami
un quartier (sale—awful) --> un sale quartier
livre (joli, intéressant) --> un joli livre intéressant
une situation (beau, agréable)
un garçon (jeune, vilain)
un nez (gros)
un hôtel (beau)
5.
6.
7.
8.
une copine (cher—dear)
un homme (simple—ordinary)
une leçon (long)
des livres (autres)
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Page 7 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
Practice Questions
Written Exercises (Exercices écrits)
Do the following exercises and then go to the Exercices oraux. The answers to the written
exercises are on the Feuille de réponses.
A. Une réception internationale
Use the adjective and the nouns that follow to write sentences that you could use in
intellectual discussions at a reception where you might meet people from different fields of
study.
Modèle : Je trouve que les conflits actuels sont assez graves.
1.
a.
b.
c.
actuel
les élections
l’économie
les conflits
2.
a.
b.
c.
mondial
la situation
des organisations
les efforts
3.
a.
b.
c.
grec
la poésie
les philosophes
le gouvernement
4.
a.
b.
c.
religieux
une croyance
des sentiments
un argument
5.
a.
b.
c.
concret
des exemples
des actions
une idée
6.
a.
b.
c.
européen
la monnaie
des chefs
les langues
7.
a.
b.
c.
étranger
des influences
la musique
les gouvernements
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Page 8 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
8.
a.
b.
c.
final
la décision
les efforts
le raisonnement
Oral Exercises (Exercices oraux)
B. La phonétique
Final consonants in French are usually not pronounced unless followed by an "e". This rule
often makes it possible to distinguish the masculine and feminine forms of adjectives.
o Henri est blond. (Don’t pronounce the d.)
o Hélène est blonde. (Pronounce the d.)
o Paul est américain. (Don’t pronounce the n.)
o Pauline est américaine. (Pronounce the n.)
However, the final consonants "f" and "l" are almost always pronounced.
o C’est un garçon inactif. (Pronounce the f.)
o Mon voisin est espagnol. (Pronounce the l.)
When an "e" follows a vowel plus an "s", the "s" is pronounced like a "z". When an "e"
follows a vowel plus a double "s", the double "s" is pronounced like an "s".
o Mon grand-père a les cheveux gris. (Don’t pronounce the s.)
o Ma voiture est grise. (Pronounce the s like a z.)
o J’ai une grosse voiture. (Pronounce the double s like an s.)
Click Play on the audio bar to listen as you read the modèle. Then, listen carefully to the
audio prompts and respond aloud. You will hear a description of a male cousin named
Marc. You will describe your female cousin Sylvie. Wait a few seconds and you will be
able to compare your response to the response on the audio.
Modèle :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mon cousin Marc est indépendant.
Ma cousine Sylvie est indépendante aussi.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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Page 9 of 9
French 3 – Unit 1, Lesson7
Patterns
Study Sheet
C. Les adjectifs
Answer the question by including the adjectives shown. The adjectives shown are in the
masculine singular form. You may have to change them to the feminine and/or plural form.
Compare your response to the response in the audio.
Modèle :
intelligent, patient
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Le professeur de français est une femme ?
Oui, le professeur de français est une femme
intelligente et patiente.
grand, ancien
petit, intéressant
long, difficile
petit, joli
beau, français
nouveau, québécois
discret, doux
passionnant, utile
Stop the audio.
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No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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