100 car transects

EIGHT YEARS OF ACOUSTIC
BAT MONITORING IN FRANCE:
INCREASING SAMPLING
EFFICIENCY WHILE COMMONEST
SPECIES ACTIVITY IS
DECREASING.
J.-F. JULIEN, A. HAQUART, C. KERBIRIOU, Y. BAS,
A. ROBERT & G. LOÏS
Thanks to all the volunteers :
Alain Abba, Olivier Allenou, Karine Ancrenaz, Ronan Arhuro, Edith Armange, Jacqueline Armange, Arnaud Bak,
Yves Bas, Franz Barth, Jean-Pierre Bavent , Paul Ballongue, Joël Bec, Yannick Bernicot, Elodie Bideau, Romain
Bion, Laurent Bokhor, Yves Bolnot , Sandrine Bouligand, Annick Boutard, Pierre Boyer, Sandrine Bracco, Célia
Bresson, Matthieu Buis, Nathalie Carnino, Bruno Cart, Livio Casella, Pascal Cavalin, Julien Cavallo, Frédéric
Chapalain, Claude Chapalain ,Thomas Chatton, Dominique Chavy, Nicolas Chenaval, Pierre Chico-Sarro, Julie
Coulhon, Denis Couvet, Flore Cambon, Cindy Da Costa, Thomas Darnis, David Yves, Leïla Debiesse, Louis De
Redon, Guy Derivaz, Robin Dérozier, Nicolas Deguines, Michel Di Maggio, Romuald Dohogne, Samuel
Dorange, Aggeleki Doxa, Grégory Duclaud, Léa Dufrêne, Cécile Edelist, Alexandre Emerit, Gilles Faggio, Anne
Ferment, Grégory Fiquer, Cyrille Frey, Nicolas Fillol, Ondine Filipi- Codaccioni, Nicolas Flament, Benoît
Fontaine, Jérôme Fouert-Pouret, Marie-Hélène Froger, Cécile Hignard, Anne-Sophie Gadot, Laurent Gager,
Yann Gager, Miguel Gailledrat, Gilles Galbrun, Sébastien Galtier, Sébastien Gaultier, Amandine Gasc, Gérard
Goujon, Anne-Laure Gourmand, Antoine Griboval, Jean Guinard, Benjamin Guyonnet, Mélanie Hinz, Clément
Heroguel, Colette Huot-Daubremont, William Huin, Emmanuel Jacob, Frédéric Jiguet, Florie Johanot, JeanFrançois Julien, Christian Kerbiriou, Roman Landouzy , Sabrina Languin, Marion Laprun, Cécile Larivière,
Marine Lauer, Virginie Ledez , Mathilde Lesur, Benoit Lecaplain, Thomas Le Campion, Isabelle Le Viol,
Catherine Longuet, Romain Lorrillière, Jean Pierre Lair, Laura Lugris, Nathalie Machon, Olivia Magnoux, Sylvain
Mahuzier, Louis Manche, Julie Maratrat, Alexandre Mari, Olivier Matton, Jean-François Magne, Charlie Mangin,
François Martin, Julien Masquelier, Antoine Meirland, Sébastien Merle, Anne Métaireau, Robert Meunier JeanBatiste Mihoud, Didier Montfort, Sylvain Montagner, Justine Mougnot, Jean Pierre Moussu, Romain Morvan,
Bruno Munilla, Dominique Munilla, Gilles Naudet, Issa Nidal , Grégory Patek, Christophe Parisot, Roman
Pavisse, Marie Pellé, M. Penpeny, Hérvé Picq, Yannick Pochon, Arthur Pommerais, Emmanuelle Porcher, Olivier
Renault, Sylvain Richier, Gaétan Rizet, Loïc Robert, Magali Roche , Dominique Rombaut, Philippe Roy, Salaun
Loic, Etienne Sarrazin, David Sautet, Maurevas Sempé, Silva Régina, Nathalie Sionneau, Bérengère Soye,
Anne Thebault, Anne Tessedre, Celine Teplitsky, Vincent Ternois, Jean-Paul Urcun, Denis Vandromme, Pauline
Van Laere, Fabien Verfaille, Alan Vergnes, Marie-Laure Villa , Sophie Wrobel, Maxime Zucca, Jean-Marc
Lustrat, Adeline Pichard, Berenger Remy, Elouan Meyniel, Erwan Guillon, Frederic Bichon, Florence Mattutini,
Etienne Ouvrard, Jerome Fuselier, Julien Tranchard, Julien Penvern, Justine Przybilski, Laurene Trebucq, LPO
Aveyron, Matthieu Vaslin, Marie-Lilith Patou, Sebastien Devos, Vincent Prié, Clément Lemarchand, Clémentine
Azam, Christophe Boulanger, Charlotte Roemer et Thierry Disca.
Vigie Chiro: french bat monitoring scheme
Car transects
10 x 2 km / 25 km/h
Point counts
10 points within 2x2 km
6 minutes
recording
Starting 30 minutes post sunset, lasting ~90 mn.
2 evenings / year:
1 in June-July
1 in August-September
178 car transects, 3560 km
(in red)
90x10= 900 count points
(in blue)
+ 37x10= 370 count points in Paris
National trends over eight years.
3 alarming decreases among common species:
Nyctalus leisleri
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
- 33 %
p < 10-4
- 42 %
p < 10-4
- 39 %
p = 0.0008 Eptesicus
serotinus
National trends over eight years.
2 increasing taxa (could be expected? ) :
Myotis spp.
Pipistrellus kuhlii
+ 84 %
p < 10-4
In coherence with observed
range expansion in France, both
latitudinal and altitudinal.
It will be necessary to decipher
it at regional scale.
+ 76 %
p = 0.0004
In coherence with hibernacula
monitoring, cf. « European bat
population trends ».EEA Tech.
Report, 19, 2013
National trend for P. pipistrellus
Woodland
- 33%
Farmland
?
- 33%
Urban areas
- 42%
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Many new long-term automatic recorders
since 2006 (beginning of our monitoring scheme)
Impressive data collection, particularly for
species:
-With low abundance
-With low detectability
-Active during the whole night
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Many new long-term automatic recorders
since 2006 (beginning of our monitoring scheme)
Impressive data collection, particularly for
species:
-With low abundance
-With low detectability
-Active during the whole night
Opportunity for a new monitoring
scheme?
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Many new long-term automatic recorders
since 2006 (beginning of our monitoring scheme)
Impressive data collection, particularly for
species:
-With low abundance
-With low detectability
-Active during the whole night
Opportunity for a new monitoring
scheme?
Use of available data to test the power of such
data collection to detect species trends
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Testing trend detection power:
Input data for simulation
ACTICHIRO (A. Haquart – see poster 42)
6023 whole night SM2BAT recordings
made by Biotope consulting agency
> First reference levels of species
activity
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Testing trend detection power:
Input data for simulation
ACTICHIRO (A. Haquart – see poster )
6023 whole night SM2BAT recordings
made by Biotope consulting agency
> First reference levels of species
activity
Average activity
Spatial heterogeneity
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Testing trend detection power:
Input data for simulation
ACTICHIRO (A. Haquart – see poster )
6023 whole night SM2BAT recordings
made by Biotope consulting agency
> First reference levels of species
activity
Average activity
Spatial heterogeneity
+ 10 whole-year recordings (Biotope)
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Testing trend detection power:
Input data for simulation
ACTICHIRO (A. Haquart – see poster )
6023 whole night SM2BAT recordings
made by Biotope consulting agency
> First reference levels of species
activity
Average activity
Spatial heterogeneity
+ 10 whole-year recordings (Biotope)
Temporal variability
(among « good-weather » nights)
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
Testing trend detection power:
N=100
Number of
stations
N=250
N=500
N=1000
Simulations:
-Whole night bat passes counts repeated
11 years
-Negative binomial distributions (both
spatially and temporally)
-30% negative trend (= smallest
decreasing trends that could justify listing
as VU according to UICN Red List)
-2 nights recording/ year / points
-Iteration: 500 data sets for n points
-GLM: Bat passes ~ Time + Site
=> Target: getting significant effect
of time (z-test, p < 0.05) on > 50%
simulated datasets
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
What species trends can we get?
100 car transects:
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Myotis spp.
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
What species trends can we get?
SM2BAT:
100 stations
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Myotis spp.
100 car transects:
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Myotis spp.
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
What species trends can we get?
SM2BAT:
100 stations
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Myotis spp.
similar
100 car transects:
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Myotis spp.
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
What species trends can we get?
SM2BAT:
250 stations
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Complementary!!
Myotis spp.
Plecotus spp.
Hypsugo savii
Miniopterus schreibersii
Barbastella barbastellus
100 car transects:
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Myotis spp.
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
What species trends can we get?
SM2BAT:
500 stations
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Myotis spp.
Plecotus spp.
Hypsugo savii
Miniopterus schreibersii
Barbastella barbastellus
Eptesicus serotinus
Myotis daubentonii
Pipistrellus nathusii
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Myotis emarginatus
100 car transects:
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Myotis spp.
Eptesicus serotinus
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Automatic long-term recorders for bat monitoring
What species trends can we get?
SM2BAT:
1000 stations
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Myotis spp.
Plecotus spp.
Hypsugo savii
Miniopterus schreibersii
Barbastella barbastellus
Eptesicus serotinus
Myotis daubentonii
Pipistrellus nathusii
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus noctula
Myotis emarginatus
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Tadarida teniotis
Myotis blythii/myotis
Myotis nattereri
Vigie Chiro: french bat monitoring scheme
Car transects
10 x 2 km / 25 km/h
Point counts
10 points within 2x2 km
6 minutes
recording
Starting 30 minutes post sunset, lasting ~90 mn.
2 nights / year:
1 in June-July
1 in August-September
Stations
1 - 10 points
within 2x2 km
Whole night
recordings
Stations: a new standardized scheme
2x2 km square randomly
chosen
Stations put on a systematic grid within squares
Good representativity
and controlled biases
(accessibility problems)
1-10 stations according
to recorders availability
Recorder settings
standardized and
monitored microphones.
30 volunteers
48 squares sampled in 2014
150 stations
Promising for a first pilot
year (target: 250 stations)!
(ongoing) Holcim project:
Automatic treatment for bat and bush-cricket
large-scale monitoring
Open-source toolbox helping both volunteers and us analysing the data:
 Generic tool for automatic detection of animal vocalizations (from bat to insects) on
a contour-based model
 Call feature extraction inspired by known identification criteria
 User-friendly interface to quickly label sounds call-by-call.
 Both supervised and unsupervised classification of call sequences in order to produce
the most relevant sorting and reducing at most the validation time.
Expected results:
 Accelerating data exchange between participants and scientists (+motivation)
 Improving the feedback on automatic acoustic identification of animals
 Collaborative collecting of bat call libraries.
Main conclusions and perspectives
1) The commonest species of France, P. pipistrellus, is declining
while the not so different, but more thermophilic, P. kuhlii is increasing.
> Spatial variations of these trends to be investigated
2) Other common hawking bats such as Eptesicus serotinus and Nyctalus
leisleri strongly decrease while Myotis species overally increase.
> Other species trends needed for potential trait linked pattern
to emerge.
3) Long autonomous recordings open the way to monitor twice more species,
especially the ones with low detectability and/or longer activity period.
> Such monitoring stations promise robust national trends for
Miniopterus schreibersii, Barbastella barbastellus, etc. .
4) Car transects are still complementary to such new scheme
> Better efficiency for detecting trends of large hawking species
with short and early foraging bout (Nyctalus, Eptesicus…)
5) Increasing need in automation of data processing
> ongoing project to identify automatically both bats and bushcrickets
Thank you for your attention
… and once again to all the volunteers:
Alain Abba, Olivier Allenou, Karine Ancrenaz, Ronan Arhuro, Edith Armange, Jacqueline Armange, Arnaud Bak,
Yves Bas, Franz Barth, Jean-Pierre Bavent , Paul Ballongue, Joël Bec, Yannick Bernicot, Elodie Bideau, Romain
Bion, Laurent Bokhor, Yves Bolnot , Sandrine Bouligand, Annick Boutard, Pierre Boyer, Sandrine Bracco, Célia
Bresson, Matthieu Buis, Nathalie Carnino, Bruno Cart, Livio Casella, Pascal Cavalin, Julien Cavallo, Frédéric
Chapalain, Claude Chapalain ,Thomas Chatton, Dominique Chavy, Nicolas Chenaval, Pierre Chico-Sarro, Julie
Coulhon, Denis Couvet, Flore Cambon, Cindy Da Costa, Thomas Darnis, David Yves, Leïla Debiesse, Louis De
Redon, Guy Derivaz, Robin Dérozier, Nicolas Deguines, Michel Di Maggio, Romuald Dohogne, Samuel
Dorange, Aggeleki Doxa, Grégory Duclaud, Léa Dufrêne, Cécile Edelist, Alexandre Emerit, Gilles Faggio, Anne
Ferment, Grégory Fiquer, Cyrille Frey, Nicolas Fillol, Ondine Filipi- Codaccioni, Nicolas Flament, Benoît
Fontaine, Jérôme Fouert-Pouret, Marie-Hélène Froger, Cécile Hignard, Anne-Sophie Gadot, Laurent Gager,
Yann Gager, Miguel Gailledrat, Gilles Galbrun, Sébastien Galtier, Sébastien Gaultier, Amandine Gasc, Gérard
Goujon, Anne-Laure Gourmand, Antoine Griboval, Jean Guinard, Benjamin Guyonnet, Mélanie Hinz, Clément
Heroguel, Colette Huot-Daubremont, William Huin, Emmanuel Jacob, Frédéric Jiguet, Florie Johanot, JeanFrançois Julien, Christian Kerbiriou, Roman Landouzy , Sabrina Languin, Marion Laprun, Cécile Larivière,
Marine Lauer, Virginie Ledez , Mathilde Lesur, Benoit Lecaplain, Thomas Le Campion, Isabelle Le Viol,
Catherine Longuet, Romain Lorrillière, Jean Pierre Lair, Laura Lugris, Nathalie Machon, Olivia Magnoux, Sylvain
Mahuzier, Louis Manche, Julie Maratrat, Alexandre Mari, Olivier Matton, Jean-François Magne, Charlie Mangin,
François Martin, Julien Masquelier, Antoine Meirland, Sébastien Merle, Anne Métaireau, Robert Meunier JeanBatiste Mihoud, Didier Montfort, Sylvain Montagner, Justine Mougnot, Jean Pierre Moussu, Romain Morvan,
Bruno Munilla, Dominique Munilla, Gilles Naudet, Issa Nidal , Grégory Patek, Christophe Parisot, Roman
Pavisse, Marie Pellé, M. Penpeny, Hérvé Picq, Yannick Pochon, Arthur Pommerais, Emmanuelle Porcher, Olivier
Renault, Sylvain Richier, Gaétan Rizet, Loïc Robert, Magali Roche , Dominique Rombaut, Philippe Roy, Salaun
Loic, Etienne Sarrazin, David Sautet, Maurevas Sempé, Silva Régina, Nathalie Sionneau, Bérengère Soye,
Anne Thebault, Anne Tessedre, Celine Teplitsky, Vincent Ternois, Jean-Paul Urcun, Denis Vandromme, Pauline
Van Laere, Fabien Verfaille, Alan Vergnes, Marie-Laure Villa , Sophie Wrobel, Maxime Zucca, Jean-Marc
Lustrat, Adeline Pichard, Berenger Remy, Elouan Meyniel, Erwan Guillon, Frederic Bichon, Florence Mattutini,
Etienne Ouvrard, Jerome Fuselier, Julien Tranchard, Julien Penvern, Justine Przybilski, Laurene Trebucq, LPO
Aveyron, Matthieu Vaslin, Marie-Lilith Patou, Sebastien Devos, Vincent Prié, Clément Lemarchand, Clémentine
Azam, Christophe Boulanger, Charlotte Roemer et Thierry Disca.