1. Longitudinal or axial carpentry

Transcription

A quick definition: What is a ship ??
A ship is :
1. The ship as a machine designed for
harnessing a source of power in order to
serve as a means of transport;
2. The ship as an element in a military or
economic system, providing its basic
raison d'être; and
3. The ship as a closed community, with
its own hierarchy, customs, and
conventions.
K. Muckleroy, Maritime Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1978, p. 216-225
Tripartite Structure
1. Longitudinal or axial
carpentry)
carpentry)
2. Transversal
carpentry)
carpentry)
2. Transversal
carpentry)
3. Planking
La Madrague de Giens (France, 75-60 BC)
BTS 2015: Giulia BOETTO & Pierre POVEDA, Centre Camille Jullian, AMU-CNRS, FRANCE
Napoli A (Italy, end of 1st c. AD)
2.Transversal carpentry
Kyrenia (Chypre, end of IVth c. BC)
2.Transversal carpentry
Planking
1. Clinker
2. Carvel
Planking
Kyrenia (Chypre, end of IVth c. B.C.)
Planking: Fastening methods
Sewing
Tenons & mortises
Planking: various types of sewing
X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄
Jules Verne 9 (France, fin VI BC)
Comacchio (Italie, fin Ie c. AD)
Caska (Croatie, Ie - IIe c. AD)
Planking: various types of tenons & mortises
Jules Verne 7 (France, fin
VIe s. av. J.-C.)
Ulu Burun (Turquie, XIVe
s. av. J.-C.)
Kyrenia (Chypre, fin IVe s.
av. J.-C.)
Yassi Ada II (Turquie, IVe
s. apr. J.-C.)
La Madrague de Giens
(France, Ier s. av. J.-C.)
Yassi Ada I (Turquie, VIIe
s. apr. J.-C.)
Construction principles and methods of construction
« shell first »
1. plank-based
2. shell construction
3. Shell first
« skeleton first »
1. frame-based
2. Frame-orientated
3. skeleton-first
« bottom-based construction »
Navigational and geographical transport zone
(Ch. Westerdahl, Geographical Transport Zone)
-
« Open sea >> strong and stables architectural characteristics
-
« Coastal>> various characteristics
-
« Inland >> various and conservative characters
Study method: Labeling
Study method: Labeling
Study method : observations, measurement et drawing (plan & sections)
Study method : photogrammetry
Why trying to reconstruct the boat ?
TO validate and enhance our interpretation of a shipwreck
Pourquoi ?
Pourquoi ?
Pourquoi ?
Pourquoi ?
Understanding better position and role of each preserved pieces
Pourquoi ?
Permits to do new analysis wich could not be done directly on the wreck:
Measuring the transport capacity, possible speed, hydrostatic, etc…
(Crédits: G. Boetto, CCJ-CNRS)
Evaluation de l’assiette de l’hypothèse n°2
de restitution en fonction de la cargaison
Planimétrie de l’épave Napoli C
La restitution permits to replace the
wreck into wider problematics such as
maritime history, economic history or
even sciences and technics history
La baie de Naples: espace de navigation privilégié de Napoli C ?
Why ?
A pedagogic support
=
HOW ?
Do we have enough data to prurpose one or another hypothesis
of reconstruction?
2. Principes & méthodes
iconography, archeological parallels , texts.
2. Principes et méthodes
… and also ethnography !
3. Historique des méthodes de restitution :
• Danish SCHOOL
• Danish SCHOOL
• Danish SCHOOL
• J.R Steffy
• J.R Steffy
• J.R Steffy
• J.R Steffy
• J.R Steffy
• CCJ
• CCJ
• CCJ
• CCJ
• CCJ
Changes and continuity?
(Crédits: Surintendance pour l'archéologie de la province de
Naples et Caserte; G. Boetto, CCJ-CNRS)
New tools
New documentation methods
Relevé au scanner de l’épave Napoli B
Le navire antique comme instrument du commerce maritime, P. POVEDA, 2012
New tools
New tools
New documentation methods
(Crédits: Surintendance pour l'archéologie de la province de
Naples et Caserte; G. Boetto, CCJ-CNRS)
Principles & methods of restitution
1° Phase : Analysis
Vue des épaves lors de leur fouille à Piazza Municipio
Vue de face de l’ensemble des relevés de l’épave Napoli A
2° Phase : Redress
Dramont E
Napoli C
3° Phase : Restitution
Napoli A
Napoli A
4° Phase : hydrostatic and stability evaluation
5° Phase : Loading capacity, nautical qualities evaluation, definition of possible navigational
area …
Evaluation de l’assiette de l’hypothèse n°2
de restitution en fonction de la cargaison
La baie de Naples: espace de navigation privilégié de Napoli C ?
Napoli A
Ier C. AD
14 m
Napoli c
Ier C. AD
14 m
Dramont E
Vth c. AD
14 m
Jules-Verne 7
VIème s. av. J.-C.
15 m environ
Arles-Rhône 3
Ist c. AD
31 m
Jules-Verne 9
VIth c. BC
10 m
Jules-Verne 9
(2nd half of 6th c. BC )
Excavation
2
2010 - 2013: collect funds - 2010 wood supplies
Pinus Halepensis
from Gémenos Forest
Quercus spe. From
Cadarache forest
Excavation
Construction
Jules-Verne 9
VIth c. BC
10 m
Mast Step, beams, decks,
top timbers ….
Excavation
Construction
apotropaic eyes & luck coin
archaic Ionian Greek
Excavation
Construction
Jules-Verne 9
VIth c. BC
10 m
Quick Facts :
- 500 N.m sailed
- Sailed until force 6
- Top Speed: 7,8 Knts
- Longest run: 27N.m
- 3 voyages outside
Marseilles
Excavation
Construction
Sailing Tests
Polar Plot
Goal:
Representing the speed and angle to the
wind of the boat for :
- different wind speed
- every points of sail
- The best trimming configuration
Excavation
Construction
Sailing Tests
Results
Thank for your attention !
: Projet Prôtis

1. Longitudinal or axial carpentry

Transcription

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