× 1954 K ¯ р F1 E F2 E (L`histoire se fait avec des documents) ª З м ª
Transcription
× 1954 K ¯ р F1 E F2 E (L`histoire se fait avec des documents) ª З м ª
1954 ;% /, C ; ( / #( 81J ' & / ..C " .= 3 .% %$ " # . %!*5*mM\ א%(&3a%<אW2<[א%,Dא;אqL' K%/8;א%H8Z;א5;=אA2A1954]+Wv$ = ،#! ،%!&; א%B(v א%(t א5; א4/ y= א75O =D;א Bאag2#3אIL،2<@אא+_!%B;!$wא%!&;א%B(vא %B(v=א+C+ E1F@!`CqאC}0אV7¨*،lJv"א,/?@$א%!*=+ E2FlJv א43 #5 = א+ ¬ `& א،%([ %*7[ t א` א# אL lJv(^אF4&،L%[אqL (L’histoire se fait avec des documents) ؟À;א`א3L1אא%;אvsא %77 אWp א3 w אL * %!&; אlJv אa S א%!S q$ 13+ N7xאqL`p3،2#3`2#א%<אW2<!qD א%,( 43l،%7Jא:9א + Wp א$ %!& =5 4q, W7 43 7p*+ %< אW2< א3 `3 א5 Keא;אL;^אM8,!_,\<;א _2;אY$%B(@%31954]+Wvy"אYe אאqL",/ lJv=א+g&،2/r`3<א1;.א/a3g2#&)0X/=3א13+_ אא %23(B$7DאL:$2,+2Y!(א3%( ]7]$=a"[،W7]3XF %(]&=א$=+4&)0%7Jא:9א%77אWpא4/%(tא%!&!]¡=א،y[א 43 @ ! 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J( Jg2#3`0%!&א ،g2!g2t$%!*0L",/+،g2+4Lאk5Dא43%7Jא:9אWpא$ 43אA3%!*l,8;אlwאgm،gm,א%B78!g2$א7*q3=LאI&(,] l[g2$א2A4L*!אB`&א،%77אWp!=אaL</א[אא אq2]m3%,&,l(@א,"א#;!**3(qD=+4&،7Bא JB3XF73+gL[Wpא$%!&!4LאMB אJB#,`!@73+ =¡]،%HY3/@אb +",/:&$7(]y©א2#3،,/;*=א %(,/%B7H1/`p JWpא$y[א13+–®78Cq&אA.א W;א« א7Z א،Lp א%((* %< אW2< א3 `3 אL/ א4&) %(, $va B#(` א," א,/ 27/ C+ W2<, %(, א%9; אq! 5B ،2#3 %(tא K25 M\ א%()*+ %(,/ %(}2#3 א7@a [ ! $ אs אT* =a 0 %< אW2<= א+ ",/ (# =B _2;_ אp[= ! א+ 0a ،%<א א2<א 2[78א@(`א7!א5א3I #$%(,/%(J@/@אi7A7]!0a2(@$ W2#3،1954]+Wv$yא •• Yt =* ،CJB א7v א4/ ،:( א،אL א4/ L<א! א K$/:،7&]،+7$2A •• ،2Y! 3 2B!83 ،w אb#! l,$ W[ אW2A 43 7p*+ a2(]<אW7Jא43«7jא!אqL،2(]c5`אO!qDא،2#(!(]:((א ª2(#$+7D+א2A$א2A0wא43Xp*B#a%SD،_B(אW7Jא ©2#3 =¡] X*q,F KL[אa (7$ I5א43 5 ! ،W2< אq2! #B0 #,¬ KEI&B3`&!g(,א0،%Bpא1/B#א<אLÀ;א •• gpLq،[אZA2!7אאא2<א43<אqwא ،%@S T* 23 J[s א% –אW7; אW2< = א،L$ 7D+ א2A ",/ pא `Cqא2[Sa%!#323אZ א%(&3a3،%(J2%B(B[L0+À;!4O K!q*+@S%(3[ 2007 – / 172 " " ",SG#אg7&|=א7B[אB]،!fq3%(3M .א%7<א53# @43Tp"^א,/Sאywא,/1M .א%J+[*،g, (,/א p3+43E47D3_3B3!7/F=D3q!A+*y[אא7אא K=,D4!47א/ ¡#!l ]g*=aא#3|4qא2+A$@g7&|=א7Bא43# C א2A+A $ @ E4F@_3 g,] 3 ",/ א5] %2 3@ (א5$ =+ א#(] 7y/[43A@1MאWM5(א,/'G#א4/@E5F@g/ 3 g&vO e+ 3+ 7D| =&( A Y+ @ ،@_!&[ א+ 2] ^q* ! W2#3fא+a?#S?7<אC#אyw@אgLag*¡]g*!|0g+א$ f; א،^78Y; א،`,; א،< א،b; א،f8B; א،#; א،?(Y א،4w א،(5א D`אB43<אqwאaW/43#(&3=,D4!](*א#E6F^,Bא KE7F`(,$0( = ،%<אW2<`אBL7]$Iאאi7<אaA5D!7A+=+! +Wvy[ (`אl($!א5א4/4&3+3@?<& אJ=s אJ# W2#31954] א73 %- %3 %6(t אW; א6 1/ ،%!&; אl6Jv אB J1 KE8F%#(3 Lא7 + =]7 4ª 77^ א7[ =!a Wp אW@ 43 Xp& א2< אJ2 KLD Wp w א א43 א: B 4#] ،gL/ @#$،4Lא¢א7B אJ3 ،Cpאwא#SV<3+،`#3+،L-W(wאF,* 1954]+ KE77^א7[$43:9/3lL-`&]F g23B$I!g2$א2<!0.א4/gL:}/+g2]4L!א7$ J4 T@=א+%}+،%+%(#L@/aI!+=(#`א3!g2$7*א7v$،4א D¡*F7/<;אWva(,א2x א43Njא+،Wpאא7 +4/y,!4O %,5,W/א73+،g2$MJ/kZAא%3א7*N7<!b א7 +lJBw4L!א ?<&א1/"BאqL3،=([(!א#HM/=&@%B(BwאDa=%(#Hא B$אE$(, $(!¬aI&?:;אXFB(Bwא،,M(,Y$%B(Bwא4/ KE9F@,@gv|¡]2&43W2<&אא$0A 2007 – / 173 " " %( ( א0(;אF %(. א%(!:wא אXv א،%H א%($אq\(= אH J5 W2<אcS",/7A3Xv$43m3Eg2L+%Z א7א]&א،_!};א ،I א7} [ אa B[ א4J\Y` אD$ a NY ،%(, א23+ ،2J] YB$ 2,* `J3 ،g(x א%\; אb#! ^}/. א،2x אW72< אI[ Y+ K:@אaL<! ،C9?א5B(א,/#v+f(Y?א,אb8,lJvא43Xp&א¢7$ J6 2#]+lJv,4LאfM![אaM[0(~א9;א(~א1@0אl8א+ KLDCqאr+%(8?!`א,,27ª^אoא 043WU=&$#([/4/2]M$alJv!א43,Zא%F7 אJ7 1B0אl,j#،%#אB$א+،e#!_אmא$#3243+،%(tא2(@g2 …`אDא4[8אfא75א (,$ ،iY א7B*F 7] a lJv, M[0 א8, ` J8 %(7] L/! E 0! %,S m א/7<;? א,§ %א.` אJ 7 א،אאUא K%7Jא:T(،(#B$ , ©2#3 C] ،%(, א%(t א%!&! $ 0 B אqL `p3 T* אa ،MS+אXF73+%(tא%!&א%<אW2<א3`3,7&#=אa؟#$v% א T/7A،Mp3(8¡]،2t$%!&%<אא2<"א,/%3B3%(!+/@א %3/%אBא76'g(x#$E1969 J1960F;=א7Bא43(#(אB/ 2#&3=א$،3،M(*&®א;=אrAא2אMD(8a$[ ( TR 2+ 0a 2(@ %3 XF %(5ZA אX$ %A א2A 43 KE10F%d'"B$I*א2<אqLT@،(8a$43:W ! %#9? "/$ (Henri Michel) ?<(3 C7#L? 2,&A %#9 ! T3@ ` אb 4(Le comité d'histoire de la 2émé guerre mondiale)?%(pא%(;^א7wא$ lJv"א,/5wאxאאqL،%(7א%3B;אi<،%(pא%(;^א7w[אא g2! %(p א%(;^ א7w אlJv #S 43 =(7 א4& `&<א אq2! ،%!&;א (Affiches)%6B5,;אM/."א,/q*%<אא2<א43א%!4(3 5`אJ 7( אBrochures)אאS.( אJournaux personnels)%(5Z< אJא79א KE11F1M@א 2007 – / 174 " " ,3% (אJacques ozeuf)?NU+V? J#Hא3 J2(,/ %8jאb 43 N0s אYD+ y( (Les instituteurs de la 3émé république) %pp א%29א KE12F%,53%B(@! }א0W(w"@(א,/_@אkZAא %7Jא:9אWp[אא+~/CqאL،?=X+KK?7S;א7אÀ;א =7B 4q א43 א[א،MB 0 א3 LF א7&3 %#3 zY!– Ip* 4/ א4&) 0A B y([ K7S; א א%!* א# 2 %< אW2<! %3L J[א¹ J47S;אא2A=¡]،L[2!*0 אJ%!&; אJk5#! m%(%(/א%5@א%( ( `3!א7v$@[",/א2<אT*=a،א –%(#א%2א43LaLא:\3W2<,A=!XD *אE13F@L<א%(5Z<!%,S אq2!،g2!%SDאX$2#)g2$7*=((]،_!};א%(#WXp3–%(#Bא K@#$v$%!&3DW3`&<$%<אא2<"אB `&<א 7Jא:9 א#!+ l[ 43 ،_7Jא:9( א9 ,3 1954 ] + Wv $ =+ r + 2A/ ،Lq %77^ א7w[א א+ #S Cq(` א9" א,/ ¢7 I ]א،]73 ",/ 7D+ W73 I אא¢7 * ،l[M(` א9 אa %3! LD+ `B# =+ 2</ ،I( `א`אY]+¬.3= א1954]+Wv!_2;א4Lא %(, %B78!%77אWpא$#$2!g – א%()*– א%(,א%(}2#;א Kf(YאNM$.א435$ :D# 1 - Henri-Irenée Marrou. De la connaissance historique, 5eme édition, Paris 1966, p 69. K57k،1964،X!،=jא%(LI((<א%7$،א%(@KeL?U62 K1997L11L03=א7L%3،א23،W7'?אW7*אq?אK!7[63 K06%sאWא7}wא64 K02%sאWcM8א65 ،03i،t6אy6©א2#63،=6p/46[W7x+،`$l(v$®7®@43q!l,3،א7$43،`B$43S%]7;6 6 K145 J140k،1970،%]7;אא،W7LBא KE26 J08kk،אg,/`Y]%3B3F،1993X!،01i،%3B;אK47א/=,D4!aW7x+،`(Sא43:,67 ،%66(*oא%6(;א،%(6 א،%6(8.א،%6:(,.א%(67א6\,!W^6*500L6/6,%6(#א%66\,!T6+6אI6&א668 6L،W6p=א6!a6!7א4H6א6£+?,§T+!*15U}M]%(!7א%\,!SאI&א3+K%(!(א%(]MF(א ،b!%(7א%(#Hא%&;א73א5356I&אqLI&!_א43K%()*אא א%3!_אא א :6*7;אW6;א6א7;א56;אg6L+63+،(Centre Pompidou)b!(Beaubourg)?!!?%&373א5318 %(!7/א73%É$0%77אWp[א%()*אא א%J@_[K!*28L]%(tא א,Hא K%(39`אJ 7א%J@4L7* gv20 J19Wkk،1995L},H<אא;?א#3،7Jא:9[א%(!+%(t$ אא7'،*7!%(+W אJ %663،6א6623،1962 J183076Jא:9א66%6(!7א6א7;א566;א،!א6\;"א66B,;אWY6+6אK43 J37kk K27k،1992 29 J28K7Jא:9א J51kk،À6;=א6,D46!אF،1984^6&,%6(#Hא%6 ;א،76Jא:9א،03i،=6,D46!א6#/,א7&אK/4!X\5 אJ KE57 2007 – / 175 " " K283%sאWW7Bא69 10 - Jean-Paul Brunet, Alain plessis. Introduction à l’histoire contemporaine, Paris , 1972, p 47 W2]א2<א2(]TאI&א3+ - «"Trent" anni distoria italiana (1915-1945), Turin. 1961 - Fascismo e antifascismo (1918-1948), 2 vol, milan 1962.- Lezioni sull antifascismo, bari, 1960» 11 - Jean Paul Brunet. Op, cit, p 47. 12 -Ibid, p 48. K41 J40k،1987،%(39א/8;א=א،7Jא:9א،DX3א،@אd'613 2007 – / 176 " "