MEMOIRE COMPLETAndr\351 - Sylvie Castaing
Transcription
MEMOIRE COMPLETAndr\351 - Sylvie Castaing
!!"# !!$ % …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…" = * = B J 8 9 = = = 8 1 1 > : ) = ) = 1 2 6 = 5 E + = , - " ; ' I = 5 . - 5 2 J 2 #) & -../ # E: 2 ;1 E ) !/ % 0"1 = 5 = B 1 = 8 9 = 6 @ 8 9 1 = 6 7 = = 9 = 1 85 " 8 7 = = 8 7 = 1 7 2 : ; 2 1 5 = = : ; 7 6 B1 7 8 2 > = 5 5 7 1 = 7 = 1 8 2 1 ) = 8 8 7 9 1 K )%# & ' " 2 * #) & # 1> ) !KJ.LJ-../ " ' 4/1 1 ! " " " # &' ( $ $$ ) * 9 * D #  1 1)1+1' + 9 9 ) 5= + E 2 3 4 ! % % !"5 . = = = 8 = 27 = 1 8 = 1 " 8 8 = E :* ; # E ) ! !( !* !"6 % = = 9 27 9 M 8 ! 2…3 2 3 E : 2…3 % !"7 L N -..- !!K >>O )* &#' * Q > N-..- !!K1 / > K. = -.." C1,1)1 1 N!3 ) !3P. 3 -..-1 KK1 . = B 8 5= F = 2 8 ? 1 = = : 9 A 2 2 ; 9 : I ;1 = 1 + 8 E 2 3 % . . % 8 . !+ . ! % !"9 2 = 8 1> = 5= * 6 7 1 E : % 2 : 3 !"; * 6 5= 8 B1 ' !"< = M 9 4 > !K = -../ " > N -..- !!K1 3 "# $ % &"' ( )* &+' 1 1 P !Q1 1 '- . + / 0+ :* ; = = E 2#77<3! ( > % !"#? / * 7 & 8 F' E 2 2 F111 %8 = = = 8 = = 6 8 … 2 5 7 6 E 4 ! = 2 % ' 4 2 4 3 3 2…3 ! 4 % !@ A = . !"## $ 1 > 2 = 1+ F + % % 5 6 E ! !"#B E 2 1 * !. !! !- 2 2 : ; I : 5 R ) &+' !P1 -P1 #% 2 ; : 5 &@ S' * = ;1 " " -..L !41 " 7 E . = "#1 ) E 2…3 !$ C % = ' !"#5 2' - ) 3 4 + ' + > = 1 8 : ; 5 9 2 E = 1 : 1 = * G ; 2 = 1 :" = ; M 8 = -..- !!K1 D E ' F F % F …"#6 F @ = = ! % . " + + * 8 8 ) G 2 !/ > R ) &+' #% LK1 -..- !!K1 ' G !L = > # E !K 8 G &@ S' KQ1 … % … !( ' "#7 = > = 7 91 > = : ;E :7 9 * E 2 2 9 ;E 8 9 : 7 9 &7 = 2 D D 9 ' D = ;E 5 2 7 7 5 1 >8 8 1 2 2' * I E &+ @ 9 = 1* 2 1 ' 5 & 5 2 1%5 = ' 8 G * 1 G 6 G 5 = G 2 8 < 2 7 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 9 G 1* = 6 G 7 51@ 5 1@ 4 = G ;1 * 2 )##) N 7 9 1 : # = = 6 = !Q 7 7 * 8 G 7 1 1 & = = : #) !33! -!1 9 ; = : ; = …> 2 * ;1 > 7 ? 7 + * = T G E:@ * 1 7 : ; ; 9 2 2 5 7 2 9 ;1 + ; 6 9 G : = 9 6 * 5 1 = = 2 5 & 5 1* 2 5 * '1 E = = E 7 9 ) 7 1 5 = 2 D% 26 2 : G 2+ * 7 1; = : E :* 6 * 7 = G = 2 …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… 2 7 = G ;… T = 2+ E 8 : 7 = ;1 * 2 5 2 91 ) 2 7 = = 5 7 1@ 8 2 = 1 <+ + 5 E = 2 1@ 5 1 >8 : ;1 = 7 5 & < ' 8 6 7 5= 7 = = 8 7 = & 5 = … ' = = 8 = = 8 G 2 5 = …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…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