`In the Shadow of Arabic. Berber, Arabic, and South Arabian. Studies

Transcription

‘In the Shadow of Arabic. Berber, Arabic, and South Arabian. Studies in Honour of Harry
Stroomer’ – symposium in honour of Professor Stroomer
Organised by LUCIS, in cooperation with LIAS, LUCL, and the Oosters Instituut
Thursday 10 November 2011, Location: Plexus, Spectrumzaal (Kaiserstraat 25)
Programme and speakers
Chair: Léon Buskens
9.15-09.30:
Welcome by Léon Buskens, Leiden University
09.30-10.00:
Catherine Taine Cheikh, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
‘Du mâle ou de la femelle, qui engendre ? Réflexions à propos d'un conte maure’
10.00-10.30:
Manfred Woidich, University of Amsterdam
‘Folk etymology in the Word Atlas of Arabic Dialects (WAD)’
10.30-11.00:
Mohamed Saadouni, Leiden University
‘Les expressions de l’écrit et de l’oralité dans la région de Taznakhte. Exemples: un
manuscrit et quelques proverbes’
11.00-11.30:
Tea and coffee break
11.30-12.00:
Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
‘Vitality of Dual in Mehri’
12.00-12.30:
Peter Stein, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena/University of Erfurt
‘The inscribed wooden sticks from Yemen. A special collection of the Oosters
Instituut’
12.30-14.00:
Lunch at De Koets
Chair: Petra Sijpesteijn
14.00-14.30:
Abderrahman Lakhsassi, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat
‘A propos du voyage du chanteur Lhajj Belaid en France’
14.30-15.00:
Mohamed El Medlaoui, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat
‘The Generator of the Moroccan Arabic malħun Metrical Patterns (A first
attempt)’
15.00-15.30:
Rudolf de Jong, Leiden University
‘‘Them, you and us’: the logic of pronominal paradigms’
15.30-16.00:
16.00-16.30:
Ronald Kon, Leiden University
‘Ḥaydar, a Yemeni itinerant singer (Ḥays, 1993)’
16.30-17.00:
Harry Stroomer, Leiden University
17.00:
Opening Exhibition on Morocco at Rapenburg 70 (Oude UB)
La société maure est une société patrilinéaire, où le statut social de tout individu libre
(c'est-à-dire non esclave) est théoriquement déterminé par la seule filiation paternelle.
Pourtant, un conte maure très connu insiste sur le fait que c'est à l'animal femelle (la
vache) que doit être attribué le nouveau-né car, comme le fait constater le qadi en
feignant d'être enceint, l'animal mâle (le taureau) ne saurait mettre bas.
Je me propose de présenter ce conte — l'un des premiers à m'avoir été conté, en arabe
hassaniyya comme en berbère zénaga — et de réfléchir au sens à donner à la morale de
cette histoire dans le contexte de la société maure.
Chercheuse depuis 1978, d'abord à l'Institut Mauritanien de Recherche Scientifique, puis,
depuis 1996, au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, je suis actuellement
directrice de recherche au Lacito (CNRS - Universités Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle et Paris
IV Sorbonne). Linguiste spécialiste des régions sahélo-sahariennes de l'Afrique
occidentale, mes recherches portent en particulier sur le berbère (zénaga) et l'arabe
(dialecte hassaniyya et arabe médian) parlés en Mauritanie, d'un point de vue descriptif,
comparatif, typologique et évolutif. J'ai soutenu en 2006 une Habilitation à Diriger des
Recherches sur “Arabe et berbère sahariens. Dynamique des langues et des pratiques
langagières”. Auteure de près de quatre-vingt-dix articles en linguistique ou
ethnolinguistique, j'ai également publié plusieurs ouvrages dans le domaine
lexicographique: - d'une part, chez Geuthner, le Dictionnaire hassaniyya–français, 19891998, 8 vol. parus, CIII-1721 p.; - d'autre part, chez Köppe, deux volumes de la collection
Berber Studies dirigée par Harry Stroomer: le Dictionnaire zénaga–français. Le berbère
de Mauritanie par racines dans une perspective comparative, 2008, XCX + 650 p. et le
Dictionnaire français–zénaga (berbère de Mauritanie), 2010, 326 p.
Volume 1 of the Word Atlas of Arabic Dialects (WAD) appeared in spring 2011. It
contains 184 onomasiological maps on items concerning ‘Man, nature, fauna and flora’,
and their Arabic equivalents. Volume 2 on ‘Material culture’ is to appear in spring 2012.
The atlases contain a wealth of data for the study of all kinds of semantic issues. In this
lecture, a closer look will be taken on some relevant cases of folk etymology in the light
of a recent theoretical approach (Knappe 2004). Some maps from WAD 1 and 2 will
illustrate the distribution of the items concerned.
Manfred Woidich was born in Karlsbad (now Czechia) in 1943. He studied Semitic
Languages, Assyriology and Turkology at the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich
(Germany) and took his PhD there in 1969 with a thesis on negation in Egyptian Arabic.
After having spent more than a decade in Egypt with extensive field work for the
Egyptian dialect atlas, he took over a Full Professorship for Arabic language at the
University of Amsterdam in 1983. In 2008, he retired, living in Nördlingen/Bavaria. His
main concerns are Arabic dialectology, dialect geography, Arabic syntax, the history of
the Arabic language, and TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language). His major
publications apart form the WAD include: (with Peter Behnstedt) “Die ägyptischarabischen Dialekte” (5 volumes, 1985–1999), (with Peter Behnstedt) “Einführung in die
arabische Dialektgeographie” (2005), “Das Kairenisch-Arabische – Eine Grammatik”
(2006), (with Hanke Drop) “ilBahariyya, Grammatik und Texte” (2007). He is a
committed supporter of the “colloquial first” approach and co-authored with Rabha
Heinen-Nasr textbooks on Egyptian and Modern Standard Arabic: kullu tamaam (2004),
al-kitab al-mufid (2011). In 2010, he cooperated with Jonathan Owens (Bayreuth
University) in the preparation of a project “Idiomaticity, lexical realignment, and
semantic change in spoken Arabic” which was
granted in 2011 by Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft ( http://www.dfg.de/gepris). He is supervising PhD projects at
Amsterdam University and Bayreuth University.
‘Les expressions de l’écrit et de l’oralité dans la région de Taznakhte. Exemples : un
During a three week stay in the village of Taznakhte (southern Morocco) in the spring of
1998, Professor Harry Stroomer and I have collected a set of documents and data
representatives both oral and written Berber tradition of the region of Taznakhte. In my
present contribution I would like to address two examples of this tradition: a Berber
manuscript about religious themes and some proverbs.
Drs. Mohamed Saadouni (1965, Taznakhte) studied Arabic and Berber linguistics &
literature at the universities of Marrakech (Morocco), Amsterdam and Leiden. He worked
at The Tropical Museum (ethnographic museum) in Amsterdam as a collection
documentalist, department: North Africa & Middle East. He is since 2007 staff member
of the University Library of Leiden. He focuses in his research on Berber cultural
heritage from southern of Morocco.
After a brief introduction of Modern South Arabian languages and dialectology of Mehri,
I will refer to the sociolinguistic situation in the area, in order to explain the contacts and
the influence of the latter on the evolution of the language and its. One of the most
remarkable characteristics of Modern South Arabian languages’ morphology and syntax
is the persistence of dual forms of nouns, pronouns and verbs (the first person included).
This feature is attested in the six languages. However, its vitality depends, not only on the
languages, but also on the dialects of this same language. The morphology of nominal,
pronominal and verbal dual will be given. The dual forms of the noun are well attested
in Mehri’s three dialects. But, those of the pronouns, verbs (and adjectives) may be
absent in the variety spoken in the western region of Mahra in Yemen. The syntax,
particularly, the problem of agreement will be illustrated through a variety of examples
proving the rules of agreement are rarely applied. The aim of this approach is to give an
insight and an overview of the morphosyntax of dual in Mehri dialects spoken in Yemen
and in Oman, This paper draws from three sources covering a period of over a century.
Thanks to the publication of Mehri Texts from Oman, based on T.M Johnstone field
materials by Harry Stroomer (1999), it is henceforth possible to study this phenomenon in
Omani Mehri in its context and not from isolated examples quoted in articles. Moreover,
the dual will be taken into consideration through data collected in Yemen, by the
Südarabische Expedition at the beginning of the twentieth century (essentially in the
western region of Mahra) and those collected between 1982 up to recently in the whole
Mahra gouvernorate. Consequently, this approach allows for both dialectological and
diachronic study. In conclusion the presently observed disappearance of these dual forms
from some grammatical categories as well as the instability of their syntax in Mehri will
be discussed.
Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle is Senior Research Fellow (Directeur de recherches in
CNRS/National Center of the Scientific Research). She obtained her PhD (Semitic
Linguistics) at the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris. My research concerns the
linguistic description of some Afro-Asiatic languages without written tradition, poorly
known or unknown and spoken on both banks of the Red Sea, and the north of the Indian
Ocean, the south of the Arabic Peninsula and the north of the Horn of Africa. MarieClaude Simeone-Senelle is a member of the reading board (Comite de lecture) of
Chroniques yéménites (CEFAS – Sanaa), a member of the reading board of Bulletin
Critique des Annales Islamologiques, member of the Scientific Board of the Institute of
the Languages of Djibouti, member of the International Association of the Arabic
Dialectology (AIDA), and a member of the Scientific Committee and Organizing
Committee of the 5th International Conference on Cushitic and Omotic languages (Paris,
April 2008).
‘The inscribed wooden sticks from Yemen. A special collection of the Oosters Instituut’
The so-called minuscule inscriptions on wood from pre-Islamic South Arabia are a rather
new field of Semitic studies. Discovered in the 1970s for the first time, they gained
attraction in the scholarly world only 20 years later. In the early 1990s, some scientific
institutions in Yemen and Europe purchased larger numbers of those texts, among them
the Oosters Institut in Leiden. The Leiden collection is the third-largest in the world after the Museums in Sanaa and the Bavarian State Library in Munich. It comprises about
340 documents form all periods of Ancient South Arabian history - covering a span from
the early 1st millennium BC up to the 6th century AD. The texts are concerned with
everyday-life's matters, such as legal and business affairs, letter correspondence, religious
practice and scribal education. Intensive (however unfinished) work on the collection has
been executed by the late Jacques Ryckmans and Abraham Drewes for more than 10
years. The paper gives an introduction into the collection, its history, and the specific
importance of its contents.
Privatdozent Dr habil. Peter Stein is trained in Assyriology, Semitic Studies and
Theology (Old Testament). His PhD research focused on the Phonology and Morphology
of Sabaic Habilitation on the inscribed wooden sticks from Ancient South Arabia. Edition
of the collection of Ancient South Arabian minuscule inscriptions in the Bavarian State
Library in Munich (1st volume 2010). He is currently teaching Hebrew and Semitic
languages at the Universities in Jena and Erfurt.
Ma contribution porte sur Lhajj Belaid (c. 1875-1944) et sa tournée en France en
compagnie de sa troupe. Depuis 1935, ce compositeur chanteur très connu dans le monde
chleuh (Amazigh / Berbère) recevait des invitations des Marocains de la banlieue
parisienne. Mais ce n’est que trois ans plus part qu’il réussît à signer un contrat avec un
intermédiaire qui connaissait les rouages administratifs de l’époque. Une fois sur place
des problèmes surgissaient aussi bien entre lui et ce dernier qu’avec les membres de sa
propre troupe. Cette aventure de Lhajj Belaid à l’étranger se termina au tribunal de Tiznit
(Maroc) au cours de la même année (1938).
Abderrahmane Lakhsassi enseigne la pensée Islamique au département de philosophie,
Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Université Mohammed V - Agdal à Rabat
(Maroc). Il a obtenu son B.A. (1971) à l'université Américaine de Beirut (Liban) et sa
Maîtrise en philosophie à la Sorbonne à Paris. Sa thèse de Ph. D. (Manchester 1982)
portait sur « Ibn Khaldun's epistemology ». Professeur visiteur à Hartford Theological
Seminary, Connecticut, USA (1991), Michigan State University, U.S.A. (1997), il a aussi
enseigné à Morris College et Centenary College durant l’année académique 1994-5. En
tant que a Fulbright Scolar-in-Residence à la Caroline du Nord (USA) en 2004-5, il a
aussi enseigné à Davidson College et à Wake Forest University. Il a publié sur la pensée
Islamique ainsi que sur la tradition et la littérature orales Amazigh (Berbère) dans une
perspective anthropologique.
‘The Generator of the Moroccan Arabic malħun Metrical Patterns (A first attempt)’
Malħun is the conventional name for a large corpus of popular poetry in Moroccan or
Algerian Arabic. It has always been astride between learned and popular literature as to
its socio-cultural status. The oral character is its principal means of transmission, but
secondarily backed with about a five centuries tradition of records written in a nonsystematic notation: words are traced on their Classical Arabic counterpart’s orthography.
In Morocco, the first academic interest in this genre was initiated in the early seventies of
the 20th century by the thesis dissertation of Abbas Al-Jirari. The approach remains
however informal and focuses on biographic and thematic commentaries.
In this contribution, we will address the meter of this poetry. To the best of our
knowledge, the first formal attempt to approach the topic was that made by Tahar (1975),
who remarked that this meter is a quantitative one, based on light-heavy syllable
opposition. This analysis has also been reflected later in Jouad (1995)’s intuitive and
practical tables of scansion, even if the notion of syllable and its structure was almost
absent in that work. Dell and Elmedlaoui (2002: 227-334) presents a syllabification
system of Moroccan Arabic that predicts the syllabification parse that subgroups strings
of segments in Moroccan Arabic into sequences of light and heavy syllables. This system
was proved to account for the intuitive scansion of malħun lines by a fluent participant.
Light syllable L is a Syllable (σ) whose Rime consists only in a nucleus (either vocalic or
consonantal); it has therefore only one mora (µ). Heavy syllable H is a syllable whose
Rime has also a coda, having thus two moras (µµ),
Mohamed Elmedlaoui is a linguist (phonology). He published in Arabic, French, and
English about a hundred of papers on Berber and Semitic linguistics and cultures; among
them, a dozen in linguistics with François Dell (CNRS-Paris). He published nine books
including two with F. Dell in the fields of Berber phonology, metrics and music. He is a
Fulbright alumnus (a visiting scholar at UMASS Univ. 1990) and a founding member of
the Moroccan FulbrightAlumni Association. He got four times a “Poste Rouge” position
as an invited researcher at the CNRS (Paris: 1986, 1991, 1995, and 1999). Before joining
the Institut Universitaire de la Recherche Scientifique – Rabat (2006 on), he taught
linguistics (1979-1985) and then Hebrew (1986-2001) in the Arabic and Islamic
Departments at the Faculty of Letters – Oujda (Morocco), where he served also as a vice
dean (1995-1999) before joining the Institut Royalde la Culture Amazighe as a ‘Directeur
de Recherche’ (2002-2006) in Rabat.
Speakers seem to strive for logical balance in paradigms. If they discover an imbalance,
often they will repair this by ‘paradigmatic leveling’. A well known example of such
paradigmatic leveling in the Arabic speaking world is the aktib – niktib paradigm of
dialects in part of Egypt and of dialects farther east vs. the niktib – niktibu paradigm of
North Africa to the west. In the dialects of southern Sinai the mechanism of paradigmatic
leveling has led to new paradigms for pronominals. I hope to show how a new and
(relatively) balanced pronominal paradigm in one of the dialects of southern Sinai may
have come about.
Rudolf de Jong (1958) currently teaches Arabic language at Leiden University and the
University of Amsterdam. He is Secretary of the ‘Association Internationale de
Dialectologie Arabe’ and co-General Editor of the Online Encyclopedia of Arabic
Language and Linguistics (Leiden: Brill). He studied Arabic at the University of
Amsterdam (MA 1992; PhD 1999) and specializes in dialects of Arabic. He has authored
two volumes on the dialects of Bedouin tribes in the Sinai Desert of Egypt (published by
Brill) as well as several articles on a variety of Arabic dialects.
After a chance meeting with the Yemeni itinerant singer Ḥaydar (Ḥays, 1993) a first
analysis will be provided of his sung performance.
Ronald E. Kon (1954) is an Arabist.
9.15-09.30:
09.30-10.00:
10.00-10.30:
10.30-11.00:
11.00-11.30:
11.30-12.00:
12.00-12.30:
Instituut’
12.30-14.00:
Lunch at De Koets
14.00-14.30:
14.30-15.00:
attempt)’
15.00-15.30:
15.30-16.00:
16.00-16.30:
16.30-17.00:
17.00:
be discussed.
April 2008).
have come about.
9.15-09.30:
09.30-10.00:
10.00-10.30:
10.30-11.00:
11.00-11.30:
11.30-12.00:
12.00-12.30:
Instituut’
12.30-14.00:
Lunch at De Koets
14.00-14.30:
14.30-15.00:
attempt)’
15.00-15.30:
15.30-16.00:
16.00-16.30:
16.30-17.00:
17.00:
be discussed.
April 2008).
have come about.
9.15-09.30:
09.30-10.00:
10.00-10.30:
10.30-11.00:
11.00-11.30:
11.30-12.00:
12.00-12.30:
Instituut’
12.30-14.00:
Lunch at De Koets
14.00-14.30:
14.30-15.00:
attempt)’
15.00-15.30:
15.30-16.00:
16.00-16.30:
16.30-17.00:
17.00:
be discussed.
April 2008).
have come about.

`In the Shadow of Arabic. Berber, Arabic, and South Arabian. Studies

Transcription

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