1 AB INITIO contract invalid ab initio contrat invalide ab initio V
Transcription
1 AB INITIO contract invalid ab initio contrat invalide ab initio V
-AAB INITIO contract invalid ab initio contrat invalide ab initio V. aussi contract void ab initio contract void ab initio contrat nul ab initio Ant. contract void ex post facto, voidable contract V. aussi contract invalid ab initio rescission ab initio anéantissement rétroactif Ant. rescission in futuro V. rescission of contract a) V. aussi rescission of contract b) ABROGATE (v.) THE CONTRACT annuler le contrat Syn. avoid (v.) the contract, nullify (v.) the contract V. abrogation of contract ABROGATION OF CONTRACT annulation de contrat Syn. avoidance of contract ABSENCE OF CONSENT absence de consentement ABSOLUTE (adj.) absolute assignment cession absolue N Ant. conditional assignment, non-absolute assignment, assignment by way of security, assignment by way of charge absolute contract of sale contrat de vente absolue Ant. conditional sale contract absolute disability incapacité absolue Ant. personal disability V. aussi perpetual disability absolute payment paiement absolu Ant. conditional payment, qualified payment non-absolute assignment cession non absolue Ant. absolute assignment 1 ACCELERATION CLAUSE clause d'exigibilité immédiate ACCEPT (v.) accept (v.) by silence accepter par le silence V. aussi acceptance by silence accept (v.) the breach accepter la rupture V. breach of contract accept (v.) the repudiation accepter la répudiation V. repudiation of contract a) ACCEPTANCE (n.) acceptation (f.) N Ant. non-acceptance, offer V. aussi assent acceptance by conduct acceptation résultant du comportement V. aussi implied acceptance acceptance by mail acceptation par la poste Syn. acceptance by post, postal acceptance acceptance by post acceptation par la poste Syn. postal acceptance, acceptance by mail acceptance by silence acceptation par le silence V. aussi acceptance by conduct, implied acceptance acceptance in writing acceptation par écrit V. aussi written acceptance acceptance of breach acceptation de rupture ACCEPTANCE (suite) communicate (v.) an acceptance communiquer une acceptation communication of acceptance communication de l'acceptation conditional acceptance acceptation conditionnelle N Ant. unconditional acceptance V. aussi qualified acceptance 2 express acceptance acceptation expresseN implied acceptance acceptation tacite N Ant. express acceptance 3 late acceptance acceptation tardive method of acceptance mode d'acceptation Syn. mode of acceptance misdirected acceptance acceptation mal adressée mode of acceptance mode d'acceptation Syn. method of acceptance non-acceptance (n.) non-acceptation (f.) N Ant. acceptance notice of acceptance avis d'acceptation notification of acceptance notification de l'acceptation oral acceptance acceptation orale postal acceptance acceptation par la poste Syn. acceptance by post, acceptance by mail postal acceptance rule règle de l'acceptation par la poste Syn. posting rule qualified acceptance acceptation sous réserve, acceptation relative N Ant. unqualified acceptance V. aussi conditional acceptance recall (v.) an acceptance retirer son acceptation V. aussi revoke (v.) an acceptance revocation of acceptance révocation de l'acceptation revoke (v.) an acceptance révoquer son acceptation V. aussi recall (v.) an acceptance unconditional acceptance acceptation sans réserve N, acceptation inconditionnelle Ant. conditional acceptance V. aussi unqualified acceptance unqualified acceptance acceptation sans réserve N Ant. qualified acceptance V. aussi unconditional acceptance 4 written acceptance acceptation écrite V. aussi acceptance in writing ACCEPTOR (n.) acceptant (m.)N, acceptante (f.) ACCORD (n.) accord (m.) V. accord and satisfaction V. aussi agreement 1? accord and satisfaction accord et satisfaction V. accord, satisfaction accord executory accord à exécuter Syn. executory accord executory accord accord à exécuter Syn. accord executory ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, ACKNOWLEDGMENT (n.) reconnaissance (f.) Syn. attornment ACT (n.) act of agency acte de procuration Syn. procuration 2? act of God acte de Dieu V. aussi vis major, force majeure act of reliance acte de confiance V. reliance 1? determinable by act of the parties extinguible par convention Syn. terminable by act of the parties Ant. determinable by operation of law V. determination by act of the parties determination by act of the parties extinction conventionnelle Syn. termination by act of the parties Ant. determination by operation of law V. determination of agency repudiatory act acte répudiatoire V. repudiation of contract a) 5 terminable by act of the parties extinguible par convention Syn. determinable by act of the parties Ant. terminable by operation of law V. termination of agency termination by act of the parties extinction conventionnelle Syn. determination by act of the parties Ant. termination by operation of law V. termination of agency unconscionable act acte exorbitant ACT (v.) have (v.) authority to act être habilité à agir, être habilitée à agir V. authority ACTION (n.) action ex contractu action en responsabilité contractuelle Syn. action of contract, action in contract action for damages action en dommages-intérêts action for deceit action pour dol V. aussi active concealment action for procuring breach of contract action pour incitation à rupture de contrat V. procure (v.) a breach of contract action for specific performance action en exécution Ant. action for damages V. specific performance action in contract action en responsabilité contractuelle Syn. action of contract, action ex contractu action of assumpsit action d'assumpsit action of contract action en responsabilité contractuelle Syn. action in contract, action ex contractu action of covenant a) action en covenant Syn. covenant 3? V. covenant 1? 6 b) action pour violation de covenant Syn. action on the covenant V. covenant 2? action of debt action en recouvrement de créance V. aussi action of assumpsit, action of covenant action on the covenant action pour violation de covenantN Syn. action of covenant assignable chose in action chose non possessoire cessible N assignment of choses in action cession de chose non possessoire N chose in action chose non possessoire N Syn. thing in action, chose in suspense Ant. chose in possession equitable chose in action chose non possessoire en equityN Ant. legal chose in action legal chose in action chose non possessoire en common lawN Ant. equitable chose in action ACTIONABLE DAMAGE dommage juridiquement réparable ACTIVE (adj.) active concealment dissimulation active Ant. simple concealment, passive concealment active misrepresentation assertion inexacte positive ACTUAL (adj.) actual agency mandat réel Ant. apparent agency, ostensible agency actual authority habilité réelle Syn. real authority Ant. apparent authority, ostensible authority actual breach rupture actuelle Ant. anticipatory breach 7 actual damage dommage particulier Syn. special damage Ant. general damage, damage in law Dist. actual damages actual damages dommages-intérêts compensatoires Syn. compensatory damages Ant. punitive damages, nominal damages, exemplary damages Dist. actual damage V. aussi substantial damages actual forbearance abstention de fait Syn. forbearance in fact actual loss perte réelle actual reliance acte de confiance effectif V. reliance 2? actual value valeur réelle Ant. market value express actual authority habilité réelle expresse Ant. implied actual authority V. authority, express authority, actual authority implied actual authority habilité réelle tacite, mandat réel tacite Ant. express actual authority V. authority, implied authority, actual authority true and actual consideration contrepartie véritable AD IDEM consensus ad idem consensus (m.) Syn. consensus of mind V. aussi meeting of the minds ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATION contrepartie additionnelle V. aussi fresh consideration, separate consideration ADEQUACY OF CONSIDERATION caractère adéquat de la contrepartie Ant. inadequacy of consideration Dist. sufficiency of consideration 8 ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION contrepartie adéquate Syn. fair and valuable consideration Ant. inadequate consideration Dist. sufficient consideration V. adequacy of consideration ADHESION (n.) adhesion contract contrat d'adhésion Syn. contract of adhesion, mass contract V. aussi standard form contract contract of adhesion contrat d'adhésion Syn. mass contract, adhesion contract V. aussi standard form contract ADVANCE PAYMENT paiement anticipé ADVANTAGE (n.) avantage (m.) V. aussi benefit unconscionable advantage avantage exorbitant unfair advantage avantage injuste V. unfairness ADVERTISING AGENT agent de publicité, agente de publicité ADVISE (v.) A BREACH OF CONTRACT conseiller (à quelqu'un) de rompre son contrat Dist. induce (v.) a breach of contract, procure (v.) a breach of contract AFFECTION (n.) natural affection affection naturelle Syn. natural love and affection V. aussi good consideration natural love and affection affection naturelle Syn. natural affection V. aussi good consideration AFFIRM (v.) THE CONTRACT confirmer le contrat V. affirmation of contract V. aussi treat (v.) the contract as still in force 9 AFFIRMATION OF CONTRACT confirmation de contrat AFFREIGHTMENT (n.) contract of affreightment AGENCY (n.) contrat d'affrètement mandat (m.) act of agency acte de procuration Syn. procuration actual agency mandat réel Ant. apparent agency, ostensible agency agency agreement convention de mandat V. aussi agency contract agency by agreement mandat conventionnel Dist. consensual agency, contractual agency V. aussi agency in fact agency by estoppel mandat par préclusion agency by operation of law mandat par effet de la loi, mandat de droit Ant. agency in fact V. aussi implied agency agency contract contrat de mandat Syn. contract of agency V. aussi agency agreement AGENCY (suite) agency for reward mandat rémunéré Syn. remunerated agency Ant. gratuitous agency agency from cohabitation mandat du fait de la cohabitation agency in fact mandat de fait Ant. agency by operation of law V. aussi consensual agency, agency by agreement 10 agency of necessity mandat de nécessité V. agency by operation of law apparent agency mandat apparent Ant. actual agency V. aussi ostensible agency consensual agency mandat consensuel Ant. non-consensual agency V. aussi agency in fact Dist. contractual agency, agency by agreement contract of agency contrat de mandat Syn. agency contract contractual agency mandat contractuel Dist. consensual agency, agency by agreement V. aussi agency for reward, contract of agency, agency del credere agency mandat ducroire deserted wife's agency mandat de l'épouse abandonnée determination of agency fin du mandat, extinction du mandat Syn. termination of agency doctrine of agency droit des mandats Syn. law of agency, law of principal and agent double agency mandat double enter (v.) on the agency accepter le mandat AGENCY (suite) express agency mandat exprès Ant. implied agency general agency mandat général Ant. special agency Dist. universal agency gratuitous agency mandat gratuit Ant. agency for reward, remunerated agency 11 implied agency mandat tacite Ant. express agency irrevocable agency mandat irrévocable Ant. revocable agency law of agency droit des mandats Syn. law of principal and agent, doctrine of agency non-consensual agency mandat non consensuel Ant. consensual agency V. aussi agency of necessity ostensible agency mandat ostensible Ant. actual agency V. aussi apparent agency remunerated agency mandat rémunéré Syn. agency for reward Ant. gratuitous agency revocable agency mandat révocable Ant. irrevocable agency special agency mandat spécial Ant. general agency termination of agency fin du mandat, extinction du mandat Syn. determination of agency universal agency mandat universel Dist. general agency AGENT (n.) mandataire (m. ou f.) Rem. Sens générique. Voir aussi les sous-entrées qui suivent. Ant. principal advertising agent agent de publicité, agente de publicité agent of necessity mandataire par nécessité agent without authority mandataire non habilité, mandataire non habilitée commission agent commissionnaire (m. ou f.) Syn. commission merchant 12 confirming agent agent de confirmation, agente de confirmation del credere agent commissionnaire ducroire V. del credere agency estate agent agent immobilier, agente immobilière Syn. real estate agent forwarding agent agent d'expédition, agente d'expédition general agent mandataire général, mandataire générale Ant. special agent V. general agency gratuitous agent mandataire non rémunéré, mandataire non rémunérée Ant. paid agent, remunerated agent V. aussi attorney law of principal and agent droit des mandats Syn. law of agency, doctrine of agency managerial agent gestionnaire (m. ou f.) mercantile agent agent de commerce, agente de commerce paid agent mandataire rémunéré, mandataire rémunérée Syn. remunerated agent Ant. gratuitous agent public agent agent public, agente publique real estate agent, real-estate agent agent immobilier, agente immobilière Syn. estate agent remunerated agent mandataire rémunéré, mandataire rémunérée Syn. paid agent Ant. gratuitous agent self-appointed agent mandataire autodésigné, mandataire autodésignée special agent mandataire spécial, mandataire spéciale Ant. general agent V. special agency 13 universal agent mandataire universel, mandataire universelle Dist. general agent V. universal agency AGREED (adj.) agreed assumption of fact présupposé conventionnel de fait agreed damages dommages-intérêts conventionnels V. aussi liquidated damages, pre-estimated damages agreed price prix convenu AGREEMENT (n.) 1? accord (m.)N Rencontre de volontés entre deux ou plusieurs personnes. V. aussi meeting of the minds, accord, consensus of mind rescission by subsequent agreement résiliation par accord postérieur V. rescission of contract c) simple contract arising from agreement contrat consensuel Ant. contract implied by law V. agreement 1? 2? convention (f.) N Accord destiné à produire un effet juridique quelconque. Souvent assimilée au contrat, la convention ne répond pas toujours, toutefois, aux formalités et aux conditions du contrat. V. aussi contract (n.) AGREEMENT 2? (suite) agency agreement convention de mandat V. aussi agency contract agency by agreement mandat conventionnel Dist. consensual agency, contractual agency V. aussi agency in fact agreement by parol convention verbale Syn. parol agreement Ant. agreement by specialty Dist. oral agreement V. aussi contract by parol 14 agreement by specialty convention formaliste Ant. agreement by parol agreement for lease convention à fin de bailN Syn. agreement to lease Dist. lease agreement, lease (n.) V. aussi contract for lease agreement of purchase convention d'achatN Syn. purchase agreement agreement of purchase and sale convention d'achat-vente N Syn. agreement of sale and purchase agreement of sale convention de vente N Syn. sale(s) agreement Dist. agreement to sell agreement of sale and purchase convention d'achat-vente N Syn. agreement of purchase and sale agreement subject to contract convention sous réserve de contrat agreement to discharge a contract convention d'extinction de contrat agreement to lease convention à fin de bailN Syn. agreement for lease Dist. lease agreement, lease AGREEMENT 2? (suite) agreement to sell convention à fin de vente N V. aussi executory contract of sale Dist. agreement of sale binding agreement convention obligatoire collateral agreement convention accessoire N commission agreement convention de commission V. aussi commission contract conditional agreement convention conditionnelle N 15 conditional sale(s) agreement convention de vente conditionnelle N discharge (n.) by agreement décharge conventionnelle Ant. discharge (n.) by operation of law discharge (n.) by express agreement décharge par convention expresse V. discharge (n.) by agreement discharging agreement convention extinctive express agreement convention expresseN Ant. implied agreement head agreement, head-agreement convention principale N hiring agreement convention de louage N V. aussi hiring contract implied agreement convention implicite N Ant. express agreement lease agreement convention de bailN Dist. agreement for lease V. aussi lease contract oppressive agreement convention oppressive oral agreement convention orale N Ant. written agreement, agreement in writing Dist. parol agreement parol agreement convention verbale N Syn. agreement by parol Ant. agreement by specialty Dist. oral agreement V. aussi parol contract purchase agreement convention d'achatN Syn. agreement of purchase sale(s) agreement convention de vente N Syn. agreement of sale 16 unconscionable agreement convention exorbitante 3? engagement contractuel Engagement précis à l'intérieur d'un contrat. V. aussi undertaking, promise ALLOCATE (v.) THE RISK répartir le risque ALLOCATION OF RISK répartition du risque AMOUNT OF DAMAGES montant des dommages-intérêts Syn. quantum of damages ANTECEDENT PROHIBITION interdiction antérieure Ant. supervening prohibition ANTICIPATORY (adj.) anticipatory breach rupture anticipative Ant. actual breach anticipatory mitigation limitation anticipée des dommages-intérêts V. mitigation of damages anticipatory secondary obligation obligation secondaire anticipative Ant. general secondary obligation V. secondary obligation, secondary contractual obligation doctrine of anticipatory breach principe de la rupture anticipative, doctrine de la rupture anticipative APPARENT (adj.) apparent agency mandat apparent Ant. actual agency V. aussi ostensible agency apparent authority habilité apparente Ant. real authority V. aussi ostensible authority APPORTIONABLE CONTRACT contrat répartissable N Ant. entire contract V. aussi severable contract, divisible contract 17 APPORTIONMENT OF CONTRACT répartition du contratN APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENT imputation des paiements ARLES (n. pl.) arrhes (f. pl.) Somme versée par avance pour garantir l'exécution du contrat. Sauf stipulation du contraire, les arrhes ne sont pas remboursables. Syn. earnest money, erles, deposit, earnest Dist. downpayment, part-payment ARRIVAL CONTRACT contrat de vente à l'arrivée, contrat à l'arrivée V. aussi ex-ship contract ASSENT (n.) assentiment (m.) V. aussi acceptance conditional assent assentiment conditionnel mental assent assentiment en esprit mutuality of assent réciprocité d'assentiment ASSESS (v.) DAMAGES évaluer les dommages-intérêts Syn. measure (v.) damages V. assessment of damages ASSESSMENT (n.) assessment of damages évaluation des dommages-intérêts Dist. measure of damages pre-assessment (n.) évaluation anticipée V. aussi pre-estimate (n.), liquidated damages ASSIGN (n.) cessionnaire (m. ou f.) Syn. assignee Ant. assignor V. assignment 1? ASSIGN (v.) céderN 18 ASSIGNABILITY (n.) non-assignability (n.) ASSIGNABLE (adj.) cessibilité (f.) N Ant. non-assignability, unassignability V. assignment 1? incessibilité (f.) N Syn. unassignability Ant. assignability cessible N Ant. non-assignable, unassignable assignable at law cessible en common lawN Ant. assignable in equity V. assignment at law assignable chose in action chose non possessoire cessible N assignable in equity cessible en equityN Ant. assignable at law non-assignable (adj.) incessible N Syn. unassignable Ant. assignable ASSIGNEE (n.) cessionnaire (m. ou f.)N Syn. assign (n.) V. aussi transferee assignee in fact cessionnaire de faitN Ant. assignee in law assignee in law a) cessionnaire par effet de la loi, cessionnaire de droit Ant. assignee in fact V. assignment in law a) b) cessionnaire légalN, cessionnaire légale Syn. statutory assignee V. assignment in law b) equitable assignee cessionnaire en equity intermediate assignee cessionnaire intermédiaire 19 statutory assignee cessionnaire légal, cessionnaire légale Syn. assignee in law b) V. statutory assignment successive assignees cessionnaires successifs V. successive assignments ASSIGNMENT (n.) 1? cession (f.) N absolute assignment cession absolue N Ant. conditional assignment, non-absolute assignment, assignment by way of security, assignment by way of charge assignment at law cession en common lawN Syn. legal assignment Ant. assignment in equity Dist. assignment in law assignment by delivery cession par délivranceN assignment by operation of law cession par effet de la loiN, cession de droit Syn. assignment in law Ant. assignment in fact assignment by way of charge cession-charge (f.) Ant. absolute assignment V. aussi assignment by way of security assignment by way of security cession-sûreté (f.) Ant. absolute assignment V. aussi assignment by way of charge assignment for value ASSIGNMENT 1? (suite) cession à titre onéreux assignment in equity cession en equity Syn. equitable assignment Ant. assignment at law assignment in fact cession de faitN Ant. assignment in law a) 20 assignment in law a) cession par effet de la loi, cession de droit Syn. assignment by operation of law Ant. assignment in fact Dist. assignment at law, legal assignment b) cession légale N, cession d'origine légale Syn. statutory assignment assignment of choses in action cession de chose non possessoire N assignment of future property cession de biens futurs conditional assignment cession conditionnelle Ant. absolute assignment equitable assignment cession en equityN Syn. assignment in equity Ant. legal assignment V. aussi non-statutory assignment general assignment cession générale Ant. partial assignment gratuitous assignment cession à titre gratuit Syn. voluntary assignment involuntary assignment cession involontaire Ant. voluntary assignment 2? V. aussi assignment by operation of law legal assignment cession en common law Syn. assignment at law Ant. equitable assignment Dist. statutory assignment non-absolute assignment cession non absolue Ant. absolute assignment non-statutory assignment cession non légale, cession non d'origine légale Ant. statutory assignment V. aussi equitable assignment oral assignment cession orale partial assignment cession partielle Ant. general assignment 21 statutory assignment cession légale, cession d'origine légale Syn. assignment in law b) Ant. non-statutory assignment Dist. legal assignment successive assignments cessions successives voluntary assignment a) cession à titre gratuit Syn. gratuitous assignment b) cession volontaire Ant. involuntary assignment 2? acte de cessionN ASSIGNOR (n.) cédant (m.)N, cédante (f.) Ant. assignee V. assignment 1? ASSUMPSIT action of assumpsit action d'assumpsit ASSUMPTION (n.) agreed assumption of fact présupposé conventionnel de fait mistake in assumptions erreur quant aux présupposés Ant. mistake as to terms AT LARGE damages at large dommages-intérêts généraux Syn. general damages Ant. special damages offer to the public at large offre au public V. aussi general offer ATTORN (v.) TO THE NEW CREDITOR reconnaître le nouveau créancier V. attornment 22 ATTORNEY (n.) fondé de pouvoir, fondée de pouvoir Rem. Sens large. Syn. attorney in fact, private attorney V. aussi gratuitous agent attorney in fact fondé de pouvoir, fondée de pouvoir Syn. attorney, private attorney power of attorney procuration (f.) V. authority, agency private attorney fondé de pouvoir, fondée de pouvoir Syn. attorney, attorney in fact ATTORNMENT (n.) reconnaissance (f.) Syn. acknowledgment ATTRIBUTE (n.) mistake as to attributes AUCTION (n.) erreur sur les qualités du cocontractant Dist. mistake as to the person vente aux enchères Syn. auction sale, sale by auction auction sale vente aux enchères Syn. auction, sale by auction auction without reserve vente aux enchères sans mise à prix V. reserve price Dutch auction vente aux sous-enchères private auction vente privée aux enchères Ant. public auction public auction vente publique aux enchères Ant. private auction sale by auction vente aux enchères Syn. auction sale, auction AUCTIONEER (n.) encanteur (m.), encanteuse (f.) V. auction 23 AUTHORITY (n.) habilité (f.) Pouvoir d'accomplir un acte pour le compte d'une autre personne. Rem. À ne pas confondre avec le mot « habileté ». V. power 1? , agency, procuration 1? actual authority habilité réelle Syn. real authority Ant. apparent authority, ostensible authority agent without authority mandataire non habilité, mandataire non habilitée apparent authority habilité apparente Ant. real authority V. aussi ostensible authority authority coupled with an interest habilité assortie d'intérêt authority of necessity habilité de nécessité V. aussi agency of necessity breach of warranty of authority violation de la garantie d'habilité customary authority habilité conforme à la pratique courante V. aussi usual authority donee of the authority habilité (m.), habilitée (f.) V. aussi agent express actual authority habilité réelle expresse Ant. implied actual authority express authority habilité expresse Ant. implied authority general authority habilité générale Ant. special authority have (v.) authority to act être habilité à agir, être habilitée à agir 24 AUTHORITY (suite) 25 implied actual authority habilité réelle tacite Ant. express actual authority implied authority habilité tacite Syn. inferred authority Ant. express authority implied warranty of authority garantie implicite d'habilité incidental authority habilité accessoire inferred authority habilité tacite Syn. implied authority misrepresentation of authority affirmation inexacte d'habilité negligent misrepresentation of authority affirmation inexacte et négligente d'habilité ostensible authority habilité ostensible Ant. real authority V. aussi apparent authority presumed authority habilité présumée real authority habilité réelle Syn. actual authority Ant. apparent authority renounce (v.) authority renoncer à l'habilité Dist. revoke (v.) authority renunciation of authority renonciation d'habilité Dist. revocation of authority revocation of authority révocation d'habilité Dist. renunciation of authority revoke (v.) authority révoquer l'habilité Dist. renounce (v.) authority special authority habilité spéciale Ant. general authority statutory authority habilité légale 26 usual authority habilité usuelle V. aussi customary authority warranty of authority garantie d'habilité AVOID (v.) THE CONTRACT annuler le contrat Syn. nullify (v.) the contract, abrogate (v.) the contract V. avoidance of contract AVOIDABLE LOSS perte évitable Ant. unavoidable loss AVOIDANCE avoidance of contract annulation de contrat Syn. abrogation of contract avoidance on the ground of undue influence annulation pour cause d'abus d'influence V. avoidance of contract 27 28