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Number 43, 2013
AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE
Number 43, 2013
Contents
Editorial policy .......................................................................................................... iii
Geographical index.................................................................................................... 1
Subject index ............................................................................................................. 3
Author index .............................................................................................................. 6
Periodicals abstracted in this issue .......................................................................... 11
Abstracts ................................................................................................................. 14
Abstracts produced by
Katrien Polman, Angela Robson,
Germa Seuren, Heleen Smits, Marlene C.A. Van Doorn
i
ii
EDITORIAL POLICY
EDITORIAL POLICY
African Studies Abstracts Online provides an overview of articles from periodicals and edited works
on sub-Saharan Africa in the field of the social sciences and the humanities available in the library of
the African Studies Centre in Leiden, The Netherlands.
New features
Following recommendations from a survey among subscribers to the ASA Online mailing list in
2008/09, various improvements have been made to ASA Online. The navigation and search facilities
have been enhanced and a link to full text has been included when available.
It is now possible to navigate within ASA Online directly
- from the table of contents to the corresponding page
- from an entry number in the subject and author indexes to the page where the
bibliographic description and abstract can be found
- from the country name in the geographical index to the corresponding section of the abstracts and
from the entry number to the page containing the bibliographic description and abstract
- from the bibliographic description via the ASCLink to the full text of an article or publication if
available (subject to access restrictions)
Another new feature is the inclusion of descriptors from the ASC African Studies Thesaurus for each
entry. Each descriptor is linked to a search query in the online catalogue of the ASC library.
Coverage
ASA Online covers edited works (up to 60 in each issue) and journals in the field of African studies.
Some 240 journals are systematically scanned. Just over half are English-language journals, just
under a quarter are French, and the rest are German, Afrikaans, Dutch, Italian and Portuguese.
Some 40 percent of the journals are published in Africa. Newspapers and weeklies, popular
magazines, current affairs bulletins, statistical digests, directories, annual reports and newsletters
are not scanned.
Articles from journals published in Africa and from leading Africanist journals published outside the
continent are provided with abstracts. Articles from other journals, including journals on North Africa,
are catalogued and indexed without abstracts. All articles are included in the online catalogue of the
ASC Library at http://opc-ascl.oclc.org/DB=3/LNG=EN/
To be selected for abstracting/indexing an article must be at least three to four pages long and have
been published in the past two years. In a few cases, an article may be excluded on the grounds of
subject if this is marginal to the ASC library's collection profile. Articles in the field of literature
dealing with only one work are normally not selected. This also applies to purely descriptive articles
iii
EDITORIAL POLICY
covering current political/economic developments, which could be expected to become quickly
outdated. Review articles and book reviews are not covered.
Contents and arrangement
ASA Online is published four times a year. Each issue contains up to 400 entries, numbered
sequentially and arranged geographically according to the broad regions of Africa: Northeast, West,
West Central, East, Southeast Central and Southern Africa, and the Indian Ocean islands. There is
also a general section for entries whose scope extends beyond Africa, as well as sections dealing
with Africa and with sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. Within the regional sections, entries are
arranged by country, and within each country, alphabetically according to author. Entries covering
two countries appear twice, once under each country heading. Entries covering three or more
countries are generally classified under the relevant regional heading.
Each entry provides a bibliographic description together with English-language descriptors from the
ASC African Studies Thesaurus and an abstract in the language of the original document. The
abstract covers the essentials of the publication, generally including a description of subject and
purpose, disciplinary approach, nature of the research and source materials. Where applicable an
indication of the time period, specific geographical information, as well as the names of persons,
languages and ethnic groups, are included.
Indexes and list of sources
Each issue of ASA Online contains a geographical index, a subject index, and an author index, all
referring to entry number. The subject index is self-devised and is intended as a first and global
indication of subjects with categories for general, religion and philosophy, culture and society,
politics, economics, law, education, anthropology, medical care and health services, rural and urban
planning and geography, language and literature, and history and biography.
Entries included under more than one country heading are listed in the geographical index under
each country. The subject and author indexes list the entry only once, the first time it appears.
In addition, each issue of ASA Online contains a list of periodicals abstracted, indicating the issues
which have been covered. A list of all periodicals regularly scanned for abstracting is available on the
ASC website at: http://www.ascleiden.nl/Library/Abstracts/
Comments or suggestions can be sent to the editors at [email protected]
iv
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX
abstract number
INTERNATIONAL
General
AFRICA
General
NORTH AFRICA
General
1-2
3-33
34
NORTHEAST AFRICA
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Horn of Africa
Somalia
South Sudan
Sudan
35
36-42
43
44
45-46
47
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA
General
48-71
WEST AFRICA
General
Burkina Faso
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Liberia
Mali
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
72-73
74-76
77-90
91-93
94
95-99
100-137
138-139
140-141
142-145
WEST CENTRAL AFRICA
General
Cameroon
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Gabon
146
147-170
171
172-173
174-175
1
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX
EAST AFRICA
General
Burundi
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
General
176-178
179-191
192-201
202
203-210
211-216
217
SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AFRICA
Malawi
Mozambique
Zambia
Zimbabwe
218-220
221
222
223-228
SOUTHERN AFRICA
General
Botswana
Namibia
South Africa
229
230
231-236
237-293
ISLANDS
Comoros
Mauritius
294-296
297
2
SUBJECT INDEX
A. General
bibliographies; archives; libraries; museums
275
scientific research; African studies
1, 14, 28, 31, 33, 70, 71, 184, 270
information science; press & communications
11, 12, 96, 205, 212, 217, 221, 257, 263
B. Religion/Philosophy
religion; missionary activities
5, 13, 14, 37, 41, 54, 78, 87, 105, 107, 108, 114, 117, 124, 125, 126, 127, 156, 159,
234, 239, 242, 282
philosophy; world view; ideology
15, 18, 119
C. Culture and Society
social conditions & problems
22, 34, 61, 72, 89, 102, 132, 136, 140, 168, 195, 197, 206, 219, 251, 266, 268, 274,
285, 289, 291
social organization & structure; group & class formation
73, 179, 213, 272, 276, 286, 296
minority groups; refugees
241, 243
women's studies
53, 54, 104, 105, 112, 163, 222, 287
rural & urban sociology
100, 157
migration; urbanization
2, 44, 225
demography; population policy; family planning
222
household & family
193
D. Politics
general
9, 11, 23, 27, 43, 47, 49, 61, 63, 66, 119, 128, 148, 153, 155, 173, 195, 197, 218,
228, 257, 263, 279
3
SUBJECT INDEX
domestic affairs, including national integration & liberation struggle
36, 45, 46, 51, 72, 82, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 104, 113, 117, 125, 126, 130, 138, 182,
190, 201, 205, 207, 211, 217, 227, 229, 233, 234, 240, 252, 253, 255, 258, 265, 268,
269, 270, 273, 277, 278, 281, 286, 297
foreign affairs; foreign policy
4, 65
international affairs; international organizations
20, 21, 30, 48, 58, 68, 176, 177, 212, 232, 267
E. Economics
economic conditions; economic planning; infrastructure; energy
9, 21, 24, 57, 69, 115, 141, 143, 165, 166, 171, 172, 176, 177, 185, 188, 213, 220,
224, 228, 233, 238, 245, 254, 271, 280, 285, 292
foreign investment; development aid
19
finance; banking; monetary policy; public finance
141, 181, 183, 186, 189, 255, 296
labour; labour market; labour migration; trade unions
106, 224
agriculture; animal husbandry; fishery; hunting; forestry
81, 84, 86, 133, 134, 185, 226, 264, 280
handicraft; industry; mining; oil
121, 122, 165, 166
trade; transport; tourism
47, 109, 133, 162, 170, 188, 231, 266
industrial organization; cooperatives; management
101
F. Law
general
8, 50, 52, 60, 66, 67, 75, 76, 95, 142, 158, 161, 196, 242, 249, 252, 283, 284, 290,
294
international law
7, 26, 52, 55, 59, 62, 76, 92, 146
customary law
196
G. Education/Socialization/Psychology
education
150, 151, 237, 260
4
SUBJECT INDEX
psychology; social psychology
131
H. Anthropology
general
74, 103, 108, 111, 116, 155, 159, 230
I. Medical Care and Health Services/Nutrition
health services; medicine; hospitals
2, 187, 191, 203, 215
psychiatry
136
food & nutrition
39
J. Rural and Urban Planning/Ecology/Geography
rural & urban planning
81, 139, 147, 180
ecology
120, 154, 210, 267, 292
geography; geology; hydrology
151, 169
K. Languages/Literature/Arts/Architecture
linguistics & language
13, 16, 77, 79, 80, 103, 110, 148, 149, 152, 156, 199, 208, 246, 247, 256, 265
oral & written literature
3, 25, 29, 90, 148, 149, 160, 163, 174, 178, 198, 200, 223, 259, 295
arts (drama, theatre, cinema, painting, sculpture)
6, 29, 64, 78, 93, 98, 118, 123, 129, 194, 236, 259, 261, 288, 293
L. History/Biography
general
10, 40, 56
up to 1850 (prehistory, precolonial & early colonial history)
17, 40, 41, 73
1850 onward (colonial & postcolonial history)
17, 32, 38, 42, 44, 69, 85, 86, 88, 109, 115, 133, 134, 167, 192, 196, 235, 248, 281
biographies
85
5
AUTHOR INDEX
Adams, Rachel Nyaradzo, 237
Adebanwi, Wale, 100
Adelegan, Olatundun Janet, 101
Adesokan, Akin, 3
Adewale, Aregbeshola R., 238
Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba, 102
Agwuele, Augustine, 103
Agyekum, Kofi, 77
Aiyede, E. Remi, 4
Akana, Parfait D., 159
Akanji, Olajide O., 104
Akintore, Adélard, 179
Akintunde, Dorcas Olu, 105
Akinwale, Akeem Ayofe, 106
Alanamu, Temimola, 107
Alston, Booker T., 239
Amlor, Martin Q., 78
Amoateng, Acheampong Yaw, 240
Anderson, Jemima Asabea, 79
Ansoms, An, 70
Appiah, Simon Kofi, 5
Archambault, Julie Soleil, 221
Aronson, Lisa, 6
Arthur Shoba, Jo, 80
Asiama-Ossom, Charity Afisem, 79
Assako Assako, René Joly, 147
Ayantayo, Jacob Kehinde, 108
Bach, Jean-Nicolas, 36
Bachmann, Jan, 48
Bacho, Francis Z.L., 81
Badjaca, Boubacar, 95
Bagwasi, Mompoloki Mmangaka, 230
Banderembako, Déo, 180
Banégas, Richard, 49
Bank, Andrew, 293
Bankamwabo, Jimmy, 181
Barumwété, Siméon, 191
Bausi, Alessandro, 37
Bayo Bibi, Blandine, 50
6
Beckmann, Nadine, 203
Beetar, Matthew, 241
Bekoe, Dorina Akosua Oduraa, 51
Ben Hamida, Walid, 52
Bereketeab, Redie, 43
Bikoï, Félix Nicodème, 148
Bilchitz, David, 242
Biloa, Edmond, 149
Blaser, Thomas, 243
Bleckmann, Laura E., 236
Boafo, Isaac M., 53
Bochow, Astrid, 54
Bonye, Samuel Z., 81
Boone, Catherine, 60
Bouba, Bachir, 150
Braukämper, Ulrich, 38
Breitwieser, Lukas, 231
Breusers, Mark, 74
Brisset-Foucault, Florence, 49
Brokensha, Susan, 246
Budeli, Mpfariseni, 232
Bulto, Takele Soboka, 7
Bwalya, Henrietta, 255
Cairnie, Julie, 223
Carotenuto, Matthew, 192
Causey, Andrew, 71
Ceruti, Claire, 272
Charman, Andrew, 245
Christiansen, Thomas, 233
Cocodia, Jude, 30
Cole, Charlene, 251
Conradie, Ina, 286
Conradie, Marthinus, 246
Cooper, Elizabeth, 193
Coulibaley, Babakane D., 142
Curtis, Devon, 182
Curto, José C., 73
Cutolo, Armando, 49
Czernichowski, Konrad, 1
AUTHOR INDEX
Darankoum, Emmanuel S., 55
Davies, Lanre, 109
Dawes, Andrew, 291
De Sousa, Diana, 247
Debos, Marielle, 72
Denieuil, Pierre-Noël, 34
Dennie, Garrey Michael, 248
Derman, William, 8
Dersso, Solomon A., 9
Dessalegn Rahmato, 39
Dewa, Aliou, 154
Dijk, Rijk van, 54
Dionne, Kim Yi, 218
Diop, Momar-Coumba, 138
Dipeolu, A. , 136
Diptee, Audra A., 10
Dobra, Alexandra, 11
Dongmo, Jean-Louis, 151
Du Plessis, Anél, 249
Du Plessis, Theodorus, 110
Dulani, Boniface, 218
Durrheim, Kevin, 251
Duve, Richard, 224
Ebenso, Bassey, 111
Ebohon, Sylvanus I., 112
Ebongue, Augustin Emmanuel, 152
Echu, Georges, 152
Edem, Essiere Ekop, 126
Egbo, Obiamaka, 113
Ehianu, Wilson E., 114
Eisenberg, Andrew J., 194
Ekundayo, A.T., 115
Emane Obiang, Ludovic, 174
Erasmus, Zimitri, 252
Esuruku, Robert Senath, 211
Everatt, David, 253
Faleye, Adeola A., 116
Falna, Taubic, 153
Familusi, O.O., 117
Fénéon, Alain, 75
Fine, Ben, 254
Finnström, Sverker, 212
Fouéré, Marie-Aude, 205
Frahm, Ole, 45
Franks, Suzanne, 12
Gahungu, Dieudonné, 183
Galebay, Abira, 171
Ganota, Boniface, 154
Gardini, Marco, 143
Gayibor, Théodore Nicoué Lodjou, 56
Gelot, Linnéa, 48
Glasman, Joël, 72
Goldman, Helle, 210
Gona, George, 201
Gonné, Bernard, 154
Grijspaarde, Huib van de, 140
Groop, Kim Stefan, 234
Guitard, Émilie, 155
Gyampo, Ransford E., 82
Hagberg, Sten, 96
Harries, Jim, 13
Harries, Patrick, 14
Hassane, Saïd Mohamed Saïd, 294
Haynes, Jonathan, 118
Heinecken, Lindy, 255
Hellum, Anne, 8
Hoag, Colin, 279
Igboin, Benson Ohihon, 119
Ijeoma, Edwin Chikata, 15
Israel, Hilda, 16
Ivanov, Paola, 206
Iwilade, Akin, 120
Iwuagwu, Obi, 121
Iyanya, Victor, 122
7
AUTHOR INDEX
Jantjies, Wesley, 256
Jenkins, Elwyn, 257
Jenkins, Sarah, 195
Jerven, Morten, 57
Johnson, Jessica, 219
Johnson, Omotunde E.G., 141
Kalule-Sabiti, Ishmael, 240
Kamwe Mouaffo, Marie-Colette, 146
Kasenally, Roukaya, 297
Kayuni, Happy M. , 220
Kepe, Thembela, 258
Kieh, George Klay, 94
Kluth, Michael, 58
Knieper, Rolf, 59
Koko, Sadiki, 172
Kopinski, Dominik, 1
Körling, Gabriella, 96
Kouega, Jean Paul, 156
Kreienbaum, Jonas, 235
Kroll, Catherine, 259
Lambert, Gabriel, 196
Lampert, Ben, 19
Lane, Paul J., 17
Leissle, Kristy, 84
Leka Essomba, Armand, 157
Lentz, Carola, 85
Liadi, Olusegun Fariudeen, 123
Ligaga, Dina, 178
Lochery, Emma, 197
Loimeier, Roman, 124
Lotriet, H.H., 263
Loùkou, Gaha Bi, 91
Lovejoy, Paul E., 73
Lund, Christian, 60
Lust, Ellen M., 61
Macdonald, Kevin C., 17
8
Maier, Donna J.E., 86
Maile, Simeon, 260
Maitireyi, Pharaoh, 224
Makhubu, Nomusa M., 261
Makinde, A.K., 125
Manasseh, Tumuhimbise, 213
Manga, Christian Thierry, 139
Mangu, André Mbata, 232
Manirakiza, Désiré, 184
Maphosa, France, 225
Maravanyika, Simeon, 226
Marrassini, Paolo, 40
Marson, Magali Nirina, 295
Marzatico, Francesca, 46
Mashinini, M.J., 263
Masilela, Temba, 274
Matheson, Archie, 207
Matlala, Mpho, 217
Maxwell, David, 14
Mayende, Gilingwe, 264
Mbpille, Pierre, 158
McCauley, John F., 87
McCracken, Donal P., 265
Mesmin, Koumba, 62
Metogo, Eloi Messi, 159
Meutem Kamtchueng, Lozzi M., 149
Mogale, Ramadimetja Shirley, 18
Mohan, Giles, 19
Mokwe, Edouard, 160
Moletsane, Relebohile, 274
Momo, Claude, 161
Momodu, A. Jude, 126
Moudoudou, Placide, 63
Moupou, Moïse, 162
Moyo, Busani, 266
Mudimbe, V.Y., 64
Murillo, Bianca, 88
Murison, Judith, 70
Murithi, Tim, 20
Musa, Adeniyi, 127
AUTHOR INDEX
Musa, Aliyu Odamah, 128
Musila, Grace A., 178
Mutia, Rosalyn, 163
Mutimukuru-Maravanyika, Tendayi, 226
Mvomo Ela, Wullson, 65
Nahm-Tchougli, Guy, 66
Ndayi, Zoleka, 21
Ndayitwayeko, W.-M., 185
Ndegwa, Stephen N., 61
Ndereyahaga, Richard, 176
Ndjio, Basile, 22
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J., 227
Ndoricimpa, Arcade, 186
Ndzotom, Willy, 156
Newell, Stephanie, 29
Ngambi, Hellicy, 23
Ngandam Mfondoum, Alfred Homère, 162
Ngara, Shingai, 24
Ngo Balepa, Aurore Sara, 165, 166
Ngongkum, Eunice, 25
Ngoue, Willy James, 67
Nhamo, Godwell, 267
Nivet, Bastien, 68
Niyondiko, Dominique, 187
Niyongabo, Gilbert, 177
Njilou, Christian, 162
Nkunzimana, Léonard, 181
Nkurunziza, Désiré, 188
Nkwi, Walter Gam, 167
Nleya, Ndodana, 268, 269
Nononsi, Aristide, 26
Nosnitsin, Denis, 41
Notshulwana, Mxolisi, 27
Nyamnjoh, Francis B., 28
Nyar, Annsilla, 270
Nzirorera, Cyriaque, 189
Ofori-Kwakye, Eric , 89
Ogisi, Arugha A., 129
Ogude, James, 178
Ojo, Emmanuel O., 130
Okome, Onookome, 29
Okurame, David E., 131
Olapegba, Peter Olamakinde, 132
Olubomehin, O.O., 133
Omgba, Richard Laurent, 168
Oneke, Ako Yvonne, 170
Onifade, C.A., 136
Opollo, Diana, 222
Opoukri, Christian, 30
Palmans, Eva, 190
Pankhurst, Alula, 39
Park, Jeong Kyung, 198
Parker, Saahier, 31
Parmegiani, Andrea, 271
Petersen, Leif, 245
Phadi, Mosa, 272
Pillai, Vijayan K., 222
Piper, Laurence, 245, 273
Placide Tama, Jean-Nazaire, 92
Polus, Andrzej, 1
Pretorius, Marilize, 246
Pucherová, Dobrota, 223
Quarcoo, Millicent, 80
Quayle, Michael, 289
Raharimanana, 295
Reddy, Vasu, 274
Richards, Joanne, 251
Richens, Peter, 69
Rodéhn, Cecilia, 275
Rudwick, Stephanie, 276
Russon, R.D., 277
Rutaké, Pascal, 191
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora, 8
Sani, Abubakar Babajo, 134
9
AUTHOR INDEX
Sapire, Hilary, 229
Satgar, Vishwas, 278
Saunders, Christopher C., 229
Schomerus, Mareike, 47
Schraeder, Peter J., 97
Schumann, Anne, 93
Scoones, Ian, 228
Sebonde, Rafiki, 208
Secovnie, Kelly O., 90
Segatti, Aurelia, 279
Sender, John, 280
Shadle, Brett, 192
Shaw, Ibrahim Seaga, 12
Shopeju, J.O., 136
Sihanya, Bernard, 200
Simpson, Thula, 281
Sinclair, Ingrid, 217
Sithole, Nkosinathi, 282
Skinner, Ryan Thomas, 98
Smit, Lise, 283
Smith, Darren, 284
Sonderegger, Arno, 32
Sundal, Mary B., 215
Taliani, Simona, 2
Tapscott, Chris, 285
Tchawa, Paul, 169
Teffo, Lesiba, 33
Terblanche, Lize, 199
Thompson, Lisa, 286
Thomson, Susan, 70
Titeca, Kristof, 47
Toe, Souleymane, 76
Tomaselli, Keyan G., 71
Trento, Giovanna, 42
Trotman, David Vincent, 10
Tshoaedi, Malehoko, 287
Uffelen, Jan-Gerrit van, 39
Uwizeyimana, Laurien, 170
10
Van Dulm, Ondene, 256
Van Wolputte, Steven, 236
Van der Merwe, Amelia, 291
Van der Vlies, Andrew, 288
Velthuizen, Andreas Gerhardus (Dries),
173
Verwey, Cornel, 289
Vianello, Alessandra, 44
Vigneswaran, Darshan, 279
Visser, Cornelius, 290
Vlotman, Natalie, 31
Walker, Iain, 296
Walsh, Martin, 210
Ward, Catherine L., 291
Warren, Charles H., 292
Wasamba, Peter, 200
Weber, John S., 6
Whitehouse, Bruce, 99
Willis, Justin, 201
Wray, Chris, 270
Wylie, Diana, 293
Yemmafouo, Aristide, 170
Ziramba, Emmanuel, 266
PERIODICALS ABSTRACTED IN THIS ISSUE
Aethiopica / Asien-Afrika-Institut = ISSN 1430-1938. - Wiesbaden
Vol. 14 (2011)
Africa / International African Institute = ISSN 0001-9720. - Cambridge
Vol. 82, no. 3 (2012); vol. 82, no. 4 (2012); vol. 83, no. 1 (2013)
Africa Spectrum = ISSN 0002-0397. - Hamburg
Vol. 47, no. 1 (2012); vol. 47, no. 2/3 (2012)
African affairs = ISSN 0001-9909. - Oxford [etc.]
Vol. 111, no. 445 (2012); vol. 112, no. 446 (2013)
African and Asian studies = ISSN 1569-2094. - Leiden
Vol. 11, no. 3 (2012); vol. 11, no. 4 (2012)
African economic history = ISSN 0145-2258. - Madison, Wisc
No. 37 (2009); no. 38 (2010)
African journal on conflict resolution. - Umhlanga Rocks
Vol. 11, no. 3 (2011)
African security = ISSN 1939-2206 (verbeterd). - Philadelphia, PA
Vol. 5, no. 3/4 (2012)
African security review = ISSN 1024-6029. - Abingdon
Vol. 22, no. 1 (2013)
African sociological review = ISSN 1027-4332. - Dakar
Vol. 15, no. 1 (2011)
Africanus = ISSN 0304-615x. - Pretoria
Vol. 41, no. 1 (2011)
Annales de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines / Université de Yaoundé I,
Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines. - Yaoundé
Vol. 1, no. 13 (2011)
Cahier du CURDES. - Bujumbura
No. 12 (2011)
Cahiers d'Outre-Mer = ISSN 0373-5834. - Bordeaux
Vol. 65, no. 259 (2012)
Critical arts = ISSN 0256-0046. - Abingdon [etc.]
Vol. 26, no. 3 (2012); vol. 26, no. 4 (2012)
Exchange = ISSN 0166-2740. - Leiden
Vol. 41, no. 3 (2012)
Humanities review journal = ISSN 1596-0749. - Ile-Ife
Vol. 8 (2008)
11
PERIODICALS ABSTRACTED IN THIS ISSUE
Ibadan journal of the social sciences = ISSN 1597-5207. - Ibadan
Vol. 7, no. 2 (2009)
International journal of African historical studies = ISSN 0361-7882. - Boston, Mass
Vol. 45, no. 1 (2012)
International journal of African renaissance studies = ISSN 1818-6874. - Abingdon
Vol. 6, no. 1 (2011); vol. 6, no. 2 (2011)
Journal for the study of religion = ISSN 1011-7601. - Cape Town
Vol. 25, no. 1 (2012)
Journal of African cinemas = ISSN 1754-9221. - Bristol
Vol. 4, no. 1 (2012)
Journal of African cultural studies = ISSN 1369-6815. - Abingdon [etc.]
Vol. 24, no. 2 (2012)
Journal of African elections. - Johannesburg
Vol. 10, no. 1 (2011)
Journal of African media studies = ISSN 1751-7974. - Bristol
Vol. 4, no. 1 (2012)
Journal of eastern African studies = ISSN 1753-1055. - Abingdon
Vol. 6, no. 4 (2012)
Journal of Namibian studies = ISSN 1863-5954. - Essen
No. 11 (2012)
Kaliao. Série lettres et sciences humaines = ISSN 2073-9052. - Maroua
Hors sér. no. 1 (2011); vol. 3, no. 7 (2011)
Kronos = ISSN 0259-0190. - Bellville
No. 38 (2012)
Lagos historical review = ISSN 1596-5031. - Lagos
Vol. 10 (2010)
Language matters = ISSN 1022-8195. - Pretoria
Vol. 43, no. 1 (2012); vol. 43, no. 2 (2012)
Legon journal of sociology = ISSN 0855-6261. - Legon
Vol. 4, no. 1 (2006/09)
Legon journal of the humanities. - Legon
Vol. 21 (2010)
Nordic journal of African studies. - Uppsala
Vol. 20, no. 2 (2011); vol. 20, no. 4 (2011)
12
PERIODICALS ABSTRACTED IN THIS ISSUE
Orita = ISSN 0030-5596. - Ibadan
Vol. 42, no. 1 (2010)
Penant = ISSN 0336-1551. - Paris
Année 122, no. 879 (2012); année 122, no. 880; année 122, no. 881 (2012)
Politikon = ISSN 0258-9346. - Abingdon
Vol. 39, no. 1 (2012)
Politique africaine = ISSN 0244-7827. - Paris
No. 127 (2012); no. 128 (2012)
Research in African literatures = ISSN 0034-5210. - Bloomington, Ind. [etc.]
Vol. 43, no. 3 (2012); vol. 43, no. 4 (2012)
Revue juridique et politique des états francophones. - Paris
Année 66, no. 1 (2012); année 66, no. 2 (2012)
South African historical journal = ISSN 0258-2473. - Abingdon [etc.]
Vol. 64, no. 3 (2012)
South African journal on human rights = ISSN 0258-7203. - Lansdowne
Vol. 27, pt. 2 (2011)
Terroirs = ISSN 1561-2007. - Paris
Vol. 8, no. 1/2 (2012)
Transformation = ISSN 0258-7696. - Durban
No. 77 (2011); no. 78 (2012); no. 79 (2012); no. 80 (2012)
13
INTERNATIONAL - GENERAL
INTERNATIONAL
GENERAL
1 Czernichowski, Konrad
Polish African studies at a crossroads: past, present and future / Konrad Czernichowski,
Dominik Kopinski and Andrzej Polus - In: Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p.
167-185.
ASC Subject Headings: Poland; African studies.
This article examines the development of African Studies in Poland, with a special focus on
the fields of political science and economics. It demonstrates that the historical
development of Polish African Studies has shaped, but also limited, the ongoing debate
concerning its nature and objectives. After an outline of the historical development of
African Studies, the article discusses the ongoing debate concerning the nature of African
Studies in Poland. There are two competing interpretations of the substance of African
Studies: a narrow interpretation, attributed to linguistic and cultural studies, which regards
African Studies as a fully autonomous field, and an interpretation which sees African
Studies as similar to European and Asian Studies. Finally, the article deals with the current
challenges facing the Polish African Studies community. It argues that while the field of
African Studies usually serves as a common denominator and a type of "area" platform
where various scholars doing research on Africa can share their findings, this does not
necessarily lead to integration within the community and/or to better communication. Quite
paradoxically, the diagnosis of Polish African Studies presented almost 50 years ago by
Jan Halpern can still be applied today: "Generally speaking, Polish scholars in African
subjects feel that the further progress of their work demands, above all, a better
coordination of research and closer contact with specialists abroad". Bibliogr., notes, ref.,
sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract, edited]
2 Taliani, Simona
Coercion, fetishes and suffering in the daily lives of young Nigerian women in Italy / Simona
Taliani - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p. 579-608 : fig.
ASC Subject Headings: Italy; undocumented migrants; Nigerians; women; voodoo; rituals;
psychotherapy.
In the aftermath of social conflicts and urban violence between autochthons and migrants in
Italy in recent years, the question of how to control the growing number of illegal immigrants
is increasingly discussed in the language of zero-tolerance anti-crime campaigns. Traffic in
women has been a 'structural' social reality in the Italian migration landscape over the last
15 years, and is a prominent aspect of illegal female migration. These women are qualified
14
INTERNATIONAL - GENERAL
as 'victims of human trafficking' when they denounce their pimps. Most of their suffering involving psychological or psychiatric symptoms and requiring psychosocial support - is
expressed through an emic vocabulary that talks about fetishes, spirit possession,
witchcraft, sacrifice, debts, and spiritual and moral deliverance. This study, based on field
research in Turin at an Ethno-Psychiatric Service in which 50 Nigerian women participated,
addresses the following anthropological issues: the relationship between emic vocabulary
(so-called 'voodoo' or 'juju'), migration, and moral economies of violence; and the
intersection between symbolic violence and coercion, as experienced through sexual abuse
and/or ritual violence (occurring both in Nigeria and Italy, and also during the migration itself
in different countries such as Benin, Mali and Libya). The conclusion underlines the limits of
psychiatric and psychological therapeutical methods vis-à-vis the symptoms and traumatic
experiences that 'mark' these female bodies; and discusses the emergence of new forms of
postcolonial disorders affecting subjects who are at the mercy of compromised desires.
Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
AFRICA
GENERAL
3 Adesokan, Akin
New African writing and the question of audience / Akin Adesokan - In: Research in African
Literatures: (2012), vol. 43, no. 3, p. 1-20.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; novels; literary criticism.
Postcolonial novels that tend to become popularly acclaimed in Western Europe and North
America share a number of features: they are predominantly written by women; they are
presented from the perspectives of culturally innocent or marginal protagonists; they
thematize the emotional consequences of familial or public upheavals; and they are not too
long but, if they are, they compensate by being thematically, formally, or linguistically
unadventurous. This is the primary context of reception of much contemporary African
writing, and it is not surprising that new works of fiction by African writers feed into this
typology. The novel remains about the most inclusive of literary forms, but a certain kind of
novel has become so dominant today as to be viewed as the gold standard, especially
when this is measured by popular or critical success. This paper discusses these features
in relation to three issues: the structure of the prose form, especially the novel; the external
factors of economics and symbolic capital; and the politics of postcolonial stories. The
paper argues that the process of cultural politics through which symbolic capital is
reproduced in postcolonial stories is a function of what writers perceive to be the market of
their works. By reading against the grain of 'Allah Is Not Obliged' (Ahmadou Kourouma) and
'Purple Hibiscus' (Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie), the paper suggests that contemporary
15
AFRICA - GENERAL
African writing remains fraught with a paradox, the productive foreignness of a sensibility
that is estranged from its own interests. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
4 Aiyede, E. Remi
Africa and the US national security policy in a changing global order / E. Remi Aiyede - In:
Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences: (2009), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 85-97 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; United States; strategic policy; international relations; regional
security.
Developments in United States policy towards Africa since 9/11, as shown by the
establishment of the Africa Command (AFRICOM), have been described as a marked
departure from what existed in the immediate post-Cold War era when Africa was
"neglected". Africa has been de-marginalized in US strategic and national security policy
because it has become critical to the strategic interests of the US. The author provides an
alternative interpretation of US national security policy as translated into activities in Africa
in the post 9/11 period. He argues that Africa has never been marginalized or neglected by
the US in its post-Cold War foreign or security policy, though there has been a change in
strategy. This becomes obvious when security is not separated from an economic analysis
of US national security policy towards Africa. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
5 Appiah, Simon Kofi
The challenge of a theologically fruitful method for studying African Christian ethics : the
role of the human sciences / Simon Kofi Appiah - In: Exchange: (2012), vol. 41, no. 3, p.
254-278.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; inculturation; ethics; Christian theology; social sciences.
There are attempts from different theological circles to keep the debate on inculturation
ethics alive. Such attempts seek to contribute to the development of inculturation ethics as
an important area of study and its acceptance as a valuable source of Christian moral
sensibility and practice. This essay joins the discourse by focusing on the methodological
challenges involved in the study of inculturation ethics and proposes that a 'critical
appropriation' of knowledge from the social sciences could yield a fruitful theological
method for the study of African Christian ethics. Inculturation itself presupposes certain
social scientific questions which cannot be ignored. The essay therefore suggests that the
challenges and suspicions associated with attempts to adapt knowledge from the social
sciences for the study of philosophical and theological questions dwindle in the face of the
theologically fruitful method that such an approach can generate. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
16
AFRICA - GENERAL
6 Aronson, Lisa
Environment and object : recent African art / ed. by Lisa Aronson and John S. Weber. Munich [etc.] : Prestel Publishing [etc.], 2012. - 151 p. : foto's, krt. ; 30 cm.
ISBN 3791352091
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; visual arts; environment; environmental degradation; exhibition
catalogues (form).
This publication accompanies the exhibition 'Environment and object: recent African art',
organized by the Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, Skidmore
College, Saratoga Springs, New York, in 2011-2012. The title signals the conceptual
organizing principle of the exhibition, which looks at how African artists tackle enviromental
topics in their work and respond to their natural, urban, and economic environments in their
selection of media and working materials. Contents: Introduction (Lisa Aronson, John S.
Weber); Land, landscape, and contested spaces (Lisa Aronson); 'That is our bitterness':
enslavement by oil in the Niger Delta (Karen Kellogg); Negotiated relationships: a
conversation with Chika Okeke-Agulu on African modernism and contemporary African art
(interview with Lisa Aronson and John S. Weber); Found, remade, repurposed, transformed
(John S. Weber); 'She speaks with the wisdom of God': traversing visible and invisible
worlds in African environmental arts (Mark Auslander); Object, environment, and political
economy in contemporary African art (Christopher A. Whann). [ASC Leiden abstract]
7 Bulto, Takele Soboka
Patching the 'legal black hole': the extraterritorial reach of States' human rights duties in the
African human rights system / Takele Soboka Bulto - In: South African Journal on Human
Rights: (2011), vol. 27, pt. 2, p. 249-278.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights; jurisdiction; African
Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights; jurisprudence; human rights.
This article analyses (the scope of) the legal obligations owed by African States under the
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights directly to residents of third States in Africa
in the realization of such non-residents' human and peoples' rights guaranteed in the
premier continental human rights instrument. The central question is whether a State owes
the quartet layers of obligations (to 'respect, protect, promote and fulfil') for the realization of
Charter-based guarantees only to those within its own borders or also to those beyond (in
another State's territory). In order to answer this question, the author analyses the corpus
of the African Charter, related jurisprudence of the African Commission, and relevant
international and regional human rights treaties and case law. He demonstrates that the
African Charter allows wide latitude for the extraterritorial application of human and
peoples' rights, State duties and the Charter-based remedies it enshrines. Notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract, edited]
17
AFRICA - GENERAL
8 Derman, William
Worlds of human rights : the ambiguities of rights claiming in Africa / ed. by Bill Derman,
Anne Hellum, and Kristin Bergtora Sandvik. - Leiden [etc.] : Brill, 2013. - XIII, 338 p. : ill.,
krt. ; 24 cm. - (Afrika-Studiecentrum series, ISSN 1570-9310 ; vol. 26) - Met bibliogr., index.
ISBN 9004246479
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Eritrea; Malawi; Mozambique; Niger; South Africa; Tanzania;
Uganda; human rights; land rights; women's rights; humanitarian assistance.
Ethnographic and historical perspectives on rights claiming on the African continent / Bill
Derman, Anne Hellum and Kristin Bergtora Sandvik -- Introduction to Land, property and
human rights / Bill Derman -- Land rights, human rights and development : contestations in
land restitution : Limpopo province, South Africa / Bill Derman, Anne Hellum and Tshililo
Manenzhe -- "Property" and "rights" in a South African land claim case / Knut G. Nustad -'We agreed to move, but we did not do so freely' : resettlement from the Limpopo National
Park, Mozambique / Marja Spierenburg -- Introduction to Human rights in a gendered,
relational and plural legal landscape / Anne Hellum -- Between common community interest
and gender difference : women in South Africa's land restitution process / Anne Hellum and
Bill Derman -- Multiple threats, manifold strategies : women, the State and secure tenure at
the interface of human rights and local practices in Dar es Salaam / Ingunn Ikdahl -Coercive harmony? : realizing women's rights through alternative dispute resolution in Dar
es Salaam's legal aid clinics / Natalie J. Bourdon -- Translating women's rights in Niger :
what happened to the "radical challenge to patriarchy?" / Kari Bergstrom Henquinet -Introduction to The multiple tracks of human rights and humanitarianism / Kristin Bergtora
Sandvik -- Rights-based humanitarianism as emancipation or stratification? : rumors and
procedures of verification in urban refugee management in Kampala, Uganda / Kristin
Bergtora Sandvik -- Emergent Eritrean human rights movements : politics, law, and culture
in transnational perspective / Tricia Redeker Hepner -- Malawi's orphans : children's rights
in relation to humanitarianism, compassion, and childcare / Andrea Freidus.
9 Dersso, Solomon A.
A retrospective look at peace and security in Africa in 2012 / Solomon A. Dersso - In:
African Security Review: (2013), vol. 22, no. 1, p. 74-83.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; political violence; regional security; political stability.
Apart from existing conflicts in places such as Sudan, Somalia, and Madagascar in 2012
Africa witnessed the eruption of major armed conflicts involving rebel groups and a rise in
emerging threats to security, particularly terrorism and other forms of transnational threats.
Newly erupted conflicts include the Tuareg rebellion in Mali, the M23 rebellion in the
eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, and the conflict in the Central African Republic. In
18
AFRICA - GENERAL
providing an analytical review of these developments and their implications for the peace
and security trends of Africa, this article points out that while the number and persistence of
conflicts in Africa has in general been on decline, various parts of the continent continue to
experience serious challenges to peace and security. Governance-related problems
(notably serious democratic deficits and horizontal inequalities) and State fragility constitute
the two common features of almost all of the existing and new crises affecting the continent
in 2012. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
10 Diptee, Audra A.
Remembering Africa and its diasporas : memory, public history and representations of the
past / ed. by Audra A. Diptee & David V. Trotman. - Trenton, NJ [etc.] : Africa World Press,
2012. - 384 p. : ill., foto's. ; 23 cm. - (Harriet Tubman series on the African diaspora) Bibliogr.: p. [347]-365. - Met index, noten.
ISBN 1592218962
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; diasporas; memory; conservation of cultural heritage; conference
papers (form); 2010.
Most of the essays in this collection were first presented at the 'Remembering Africa and its
diasporas' workshop held on October 6-8, 2010, in Ottawa, Canada. The essays explore
the processes and dynamics that shape the ways in which Africa and its diasporas have
been historicized outside of the academy. Collectively, the authors cover a broad
geographic span and address issues in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, the United
States and Canada. The essays are arranged in four parts: 1. Politicizing the past: ways of
affecting memory (Trevor Getz on the US and South Africa, Bridget Brereton on Trinidad
and Tobago, David Mastey on Liberia); 2. Memory, history and heritage (Elizabeth
MacGonagle on Great Zimbabwe, Rachael Hill on postpartheid South Africa, Hebe Mattos
and Martha Abreu on Brazil, Victoria Campbell on Emancipation Day in Windsor, Ontario);
3. Race and space: historical representations in museums (Robyn Autry on San Francisco's
Museum of the African Diaspora, Andrea Burns on the International Afro American Museum
in Detroit, Anna Dempsey on the International Slavery Museum in Liverpool); 4. Modes of
remembering (Steven High on remembering the Rwandan genocide in Montréal, Jessica
Krug on popular music, historical memory and black identity in New York City in the wake of
Amadou Diallo's murder, and Tracey Warren on social activism and the commemoration of
black history in Ontario). [ASC Leiden abstract]
11 Dobra, Alexandra
The democratic impact of ICT in Africa / Alexandra Dobra - In: Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol.
47, no. 1, p. 73-88 : fig.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; information technology; democratization; State-society relationship.
19
AFRICA - GENERAL
This paper takes a critical look at the view that the Internet can serve as a laboratory of
political experimentation for reconfiguring the repertories of political actions. The overall
discourses on information and communications technology (ICT) are too often focused on
technology and infrastructure, when the question of its use should be central. In order to
comprehend how ICT can serve as a democratic enhancer, the paper critically examines
the African anthropology of the State and of the public sphere. It captures the African
endogenous productions of political modernity and the subsequent way ICT is appropriated
and indigenized by African local instances. African States and civil societies do not fit into
prescriptive Western paradigms. In order to encourage the effective use of new
technologies, the paper has developed the so-called 'African model of ICT practice', which
proposes a set of hypotheses that aim to enable the effective usage and integration of ICT
within the democratic process in the context of an African self-defined political reality.
Bibliogr., notes, sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
12 Franks, Suzanne
Media and the war on terror in Africa / [guest ed. Suzanne Franks and Ibrahim Seaga
Shaw] - In: Journal of African Media Studies: (2012), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 3-96 : ill., graf.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Kenya; Niger; Nigeria; Sierra Leone; United States; terrorism; mass
media.
The articles in this dossier, which are partly based on papers presented at the 'Global
media and the "war on terror"' conference held in London in September 2010, question how
"terrorism" is defined in the mass media and analyse some of the factors that have
influenced how the mass media have covered the "war on terror" in Africa. After an
introduction by Suzanne Franks and Ibrahim Seaga Shaw on reported and unreported
global emergencies, the dossier includes five articles: Terrorism and news of Africa
post-9/11 coverage in 'The New York Times' (Virgil Hawkins); The "war on terror" frame
and 'Washington Post''s linking of the Sierra Leone civil war to 9/11 and al-Qaeda:
implications for US foreign policy in Africa (Ibrahim Sega Shaw); 'Nigeria as a country of
interest in terrorism': newspaper framing of Farouk Abdulmutallab, the underwear bomber
(Mercy Ette); A grey area: the Nigerien Sahel in the French media (Gado Alzaouma); and
Editorial cartoons and the war on terror in Kenya's print media (Duncan Omanga). Bibliogr.,
sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
13 Harries, Jim
The contribution of the use of English in Africa to dependency in mission and development /
Jim Harries - In: Exchange: (2012), vol. 41, no. 3, p. 279-294.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; English language; official languages; language usage; dependence;
Church.
20
AFRICA - GENERAL
This article contributes to the debate about dependency in the African church. It points out
that language policies focusing on the use of European languages in Africa are a major
aggravation to the dependency situation in Africa in general. It argues that the original
attempt to limit the spread of English in Britain's African colonies has failed. The West's
perception that use of its languages internationally does away with troublesome cultural
differences is shown to be deceptive; maintaining European languages as 'official'
languages in African States is an expensive exercise in terms of money and time. The
attraction to African nations of the use of English in formal contexts ignores its negative
consequences, including the creation of dependency. Unfamiliar categories in English
undermine native sensibilities, while implicitly suggesting that native-English-speaking
nations hold the key to African prosperity. The church - a body that primarily serves neither
political nor economic interests - could lead the way in empowering the 'poor' in Africa by
encouraging the use of indigenous languages. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
14 Harries, Patrick
The spiritual in the secular : missionaries and knowledge about Africa / ed. by Patrick
Harries & David Maxwell. - Grand Rapids, MI [etc.] : Eerdmans, 2012. - XVI, 341 p. ; 24 cm.
- (Studies in the history of Christian missions) - Met bibliogr., index, noten.
ISBN 0802866344
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Democratic Republic of Congo; Gabon; Ghana; Mozambique;
Nigeria; Zambia; missions; scientists; anthropological research; conference papers (form); 2007.
This collection of articles emerged out of a workshop entitled 'The secular and the spiritual:
missionaries and knowledge about Africa' organized in Basel, Switzerland, on 30
November - 1 December 2007. The articles focus on 20th-century developments and some
hitherto neglected careers of evangelicals and Pentecostals. Contributions: Natural science
and 'Naturvölker': missionary entomology and botany (Patrick Harries); Missionary
linguistics on the Gold Coast: wrestling with language (Erika Eichholzer); Of fetishism and
totemism: missionary ethnology and academic social science in early twentieth-century
Gabon (John Cinnamon); Missionary ethnographers and the history of anthropology: the
case of G.T. Basden (Dmitri van den Bersselaar); From iconoclasm to preservation: W.F.P.
Burton, missionary ethnography, and Belgian colonial science (David Maxwell); Dora
Earthy's Mozambique research and the early years of professional anthropology in South
Africa (Deborah Gaitskell); Ideology in missionary scholarly knowledge in Belgian Congo:
Aequatoria, Centre de recherches africanistes; the Mission Station of Bamanya (RDC),
1937-2007 (Honoré Vinck); Christian medical discourse and praxis on the imperial frontier:
explaining the popularity of missionary medicine in Mwinilunga District, Zambia, 1906-1935
(Walima T. Kalusa); Strange bedfellows: the International Missionary Council, the
International African Institute, and research into African marriage and family (Natasha
Erlank); Dorothea Lehmann and John V. Taylor: researching Church and society in late
21
AFRICA - GENERAL
colonial Africa (John Stuart); Mission, clinic, and laboratory: curing leprosy in Nigeria,
1945-67 (John Manton). [ASC Leiden abstract]
15 Ijeoma, Edwin Chikata
Globalisation vs. public ethics : an African perspective / Edwin Chikata Ijeoma - In:
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 35-46.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; globalization; ethics.
The interest of governments all over the world in terms of the expected gains of
globalization has further stalled the envisaged accelerated global economic growth and
development. This has been done by removing all constraints on trade, regardless of
social, ecological and moral implications, thereby creating a new culture of oneness which
is presently driving the emerging global ethics. Instead of accepting the incontrovertible
empirical evidence that economic globalization will only increase many of the problems
facing the world today (especially poorer nations), governments under pressure from
transnational cooperation insist on pursuing it further. The article takes an exploratory view
of globalization versus ethics, and possible policy lessons for Africa. The author argues that
it is not economic globalization that society should aim for, but the reverse, economic
localization to counterbalance the current substantially unfettered globalization, which has
substantially influenced the direction of the emerging global ethics. The article further seeks
to explore why the globalization process, with its influential phenomena, has affected the
thinking of nation-states, regions and individuals alike. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract, edited]
16 Israel, Hilda
I am an African, I speak an African language : cultural dimensions of African development
and learning from others / Hilda Israel - In: International Journal of African Renaissance
Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 107-120 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; South Africa; indigenous languages; translation; interpreters.
"I am an African. I speak an African language". The sense of pride inherent in this
statement belies the challenge that African languages face today. Multilingualism in African
languages is not seen as a rich resource when confronted by the economic clout of English.
A compromise is needed one where the value of indigenous languages and that of
English is recognized. A trained translator and interpreter is one such compromise,
becoming the key link between African development and African achievement. For the
non-English speaker, this link would enable understanding and, through it, knowledge and
empowerment. With translation and interpretation, knowledge can come to every person at
their level of understanding. Referring frequently to the situation in South Africa, the author
argues that the training of the skilled translator and interpreter in an African language is the
22
AFRICA - GENERAL
critical link in the development and achievement of the disadvantaged African person.
Language now becomes a resource, affirming further that it is also language that provides
pride in one's identity, hence I am an African, I speak an African language. Bibliogr.,
sum. [Journal abstract]
17 Lane, Paul J.
Slavery in Africa : archaeology and memory / ed. by Paul J. Lane, Kevin C. Macdonald. Oxford [etc.] : Oxford University Press published for the British Academy, 2011. - XV, 468
p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm. - (Proceedings of the British Academy, ISSN 0068-1202 ; 168) - Met
bibliogr., index, noten, samenvattingen.
ISBN 9780197264782
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; slavery; slave trade; history; archaeology; commemorations.
This volume illustrates the growing realization that enslavement has a history on the African
continent that extends back in time long before the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Archaeological examination of the interplay between oral, textual and material evidence is
beginning to illuminate the nature of such enslavement. This volume presents a selection of
recent research from both the eastern and western halves of Saharo-Sahelian and
Sub-Saharan Africa which unravels the complex histories of slavery in Africa. Memory and
memorialization of slavery in Africa is also discussed. The authors examine the
construction of historical narratives of slavery, and the roles of memory and representation
in the shaping of historical and contemporary practice. In addition, they explore how these
have given shape to particular narrative genres and the contexts in which such narratives
become contested. Contributors: Paul J. Lane and Kevin C. MacDonald; Seydou Camara;
Moussa Sow; Anne Haour; David N. Edwards; Scott Maceachern; Kenneth G. Kelly;
Ibrahima Thiaw; Natalie Swanepoel; E. Kofi Agorsah; Niall Finneran; Alfredo
González-Ruibal; Stephanie Wynne-Jones; Jan-Georg Deutsch; Roger Blench; Antonia
Malan; Nigel Worden; Marie Louise Stig Sørensen; Christopher Evans; Konstantin Richter.
[ASC Leiden abstract]
18 Mogale, Ramadimetja Shirley
Re-membering my ways of knowing and learning while "learning otherwise" / Ramadimetja
Shirley Mogale - In: International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no.
1, p. 141-148.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; epistemology; nurses; foreign students.
This article addresses the writer's internal conflict as an African woman who left the great
continent in the hope of gaining knowledge at a large North American university. The writer
is faced with the dilemma of acquiring knowledge of Western origins as part of a doctoral
programme in nursing, which rarely and scantly acknowledges that the writer, too,
23
AFRICA - GENERAL
possesses unique knowledge. This dilemma has made the writer wonder about the
ontological and epistemological stances regarding nursing practice in Africa, which forms
the writer's professional identity, in the context of an African heritage. This is a deliberation
on the development of nursing knowledge which has guided the writer's re-(membering) of
African ways of knowing and learning, despite it being deemed "unscientific". The
presentation answers four questions: Can the writer reflect out loud (M.R. Cruz, 2008)
about African knowledge in the context of Western academia? Why do Africans keep
audibly silent about the knowledge they have? Is the writer's African knowledge considered
knowledge by the West? Is Western knowledge relevant to the writer, as an African, or is it
relevant for her nursing practice? Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
19 Mohan, Giles
Negotiating China: reinserting African agency into China-Africa relations / Giles Mohan and
Ben Lampert - In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 92-110.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Angola; Ghana; Nigeria; China; foreign investments; international
relations; Chinese; migrant workers.
Most analyses of China's renewed engagement with Africa treat China as the driving force,
and little recognition is given to the role of African agency, especially beyond the level of
State elites. This article investigates the extent of African agency in engagements with
China and argues that at various levels African actors have negotiated, shaped, and even
driven Chinese engagements in important ways. Suggesting a theoretical framework that
captures agency both within and beyond the State, the article provides an empirical
analysis of African agency first by showing how elements of the Angolan State created a
hybrid set of institutions to broker Chinese investment projects, and second by discussing
how African social actors have influenced and derived benefits from the activities of
Chinese migrants in Ghana and Nigeria. While both cases demonstrate African agency, the
ability of African actors to exercise such agency is highly uneven, placing African politics at
the heart of any understanding of China-Africa relations. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
20 Murithi, Tim
Briefing: the African Union at ten: an appraisal / Tim Murithi - In: African Affairs: (2012), vol.
111, no. 445, p. 662-669.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; African Union; governance.
As the African Union marked its tenth anniversary on 9 July 2012, it was still recovering
from one of its most public disagreements. At the heart of this disagreement was the AU's
interpretation of and commitment to good governance and humanitarian intervention.
Sparked by the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, and the contested November 2010
elections in Côte d'Ivoire, these topics came under intense debate. The key issue was
24
AFRICA - GENERAL
whether the AU should act as a bulwark against external intervention and become the
primary agent of humanitarian intervention on the continent, or whether this role should
continue to be usurped by foreign actors. This Briefing assesses the AU's achievements to
date. It focuses on the Union's attempts to become a norm entrepreneur, particularly in the
areas of peace and security, democracy and human rights. It also assesses the AU's
achievements in terms of establishing itself as 'a voice of Africa' and concludes that the
project of pan-Africanism has made some progress under the AU, but that the dream of
African unity remains unfulfilled. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
21 Ndayi, Zoleka
In quest of regional integration in Africa : can the AU/NEPAD reconcile economic
plurilateralism with developmental regionalism? / Zoleka Ndayi - In: International Journal of
African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 78-93.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; NEPAD; economic development; regionalism.
While the African Union's New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) strives for
both plurilateralism and regionalism, there are ideological and practical conditions that
challenge the feasibility of a fully fledged regional integration institution in Africa. This article
examines the NEPAD in relation to Africa's ideological back-loading, while it explores how
the programme reconciles Western-dominated economic plurilateralism with Africa's
developmental regionalism. It highlights the ideological changes that helped with the
modernization of Western countries and how these developments become a challenge to
Africa's economic development efforts. Africa has always been an ideological back-loader
and a delayed integrator into global interdependence. During the mid-20th century, at the
time Western countries were adopting regionalism, Africa was engaged in the same
phenomenon for political and economic independence. While the economic crisis of the
mid-20th century following the Second World War enabled the industrialized countries to
adopt embedded liberalism for socioeconomic development, at decolonization Africa sought
to espouse what turned out to be the dependency paradigm as the economic development
strategy for Africa. In the 21st century, developed regions are transcending regionalism and
gearing towards plurilateralism while most African leaders remain fixated in traditional
regional integration on the continent. As the neoliberal ideology dominates the
contemporary international political economy of the 21st century, albeit questionably,
Africa's politico-socioeconomic realities are also premised on the same embedded
liberalism. However, economic plurilateralism by industrialized countries with Africa
challenges efforts towards regional integration on the continent. It would seem that the
NEPAD provides a viable compromise between developmental regionalism and economic
plurilateralism. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
25
AFRICA - GENERAL
22 Ndjio, Basile
Post-colonial histories of sexuality: the political invention of a libidinal African straight /
Basile Ndjio - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p. 609-631.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Cameroon; sexuality; ideologies; homosexuality; man.
This study addresses the problem of sexuality and ideology in relation to (pan)-Africanist
doctrines that have been instrumental in the effort of postcolonial African elites to constitute
an exclusive African sexual selfhood. The focus is on their efforts to 'Africanize' the
sexuality of the masses in a global context that seems to dramatize the uncontrolled flow of
sexual desires, and favours the emergence of new forms of sexual expressions and
practices that destabilize the postcolonial sexual order. The leading question informing the
study is how a hegemonic heterosexual identity has come to be internalized in postcolonial
Africa, and how both men and women have come to believe that to be 'good' citizens or
'real' Africans they have to become repressed subjects who not only limit their sexuality
solely to heterosexual desires, but also have a natural aversion to other forms of sexuality
such as same-sex relations. The main argument is that in most African countries, and
specifically in Cameroon, both the edification of a phallocratico-patriarchal society and the
political invention of the sublimated Muntu, the so-called libidinal African straight, went
along with the suppression, annihilation or negation of gays and lesbians, generally
misrepresented as deracinated Africans and dangerous 'witch-others'. Bibliogr., notes, ref.,
sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
23 Ngambi, Hellicy
RARE leadership: an alternative leadership approach for Africa / Hellicy Ngambi - In:
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 6-23 : fig.,
graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; leadership.
Leading, managing and leveraging the benefits of diversity in Africa is an imperative not just
for individual organizational success, but for the survival of the continent. Africa is
characterized by an abundance of diversity, both in its workforce and its natural resources,
yet it remains one of the poorest continents. This article presents literature on the
continent's current leadership, and looks at the challenges hindering Africa from realizing its
potential in the global space. The article proposes an alternative leadership approach that
is responsible, accountable, relevant and ethical (RARE). Originally devised as a business
model, but adaptable to the political arena, it can help to leverage the benefits of Africa's
diversity and achieve sustainable development on the continent. Bibliogr., notes, sum.
[Journal abstract]
26
AFRICA - GENERAL
24 Ngara, Shingai
Bennu: Africa innovating itself out of underdevelopment / Shingai Ngara - In: International
Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 60-77.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; economic development; economic policy.
This article is a direct challenge to the established view reflected in the World Bank's Berg
report, that structural adjustment programmes (SAP) and the markets alone will resolve
Africa's underdevelopment challenges. This article completely accepts that science and
technology lead to products and services that create efficiency, productivity and wealth. It
identifies seven dynasties of industrialization - land use (agriculture and mining),
labour-intensive activities, heavy machinery, assembly lines, branding, information
technology and intellectual property - and shows how, in the current global paradigm, this
has led to an anomaly: while development aid flows from more industrialized to less
industrialized countries, larger sums of global investment capital leave poorer countries for
richer countries in search of higher returns. Accepting the "returns-seeking" nature of
capital, the author proposes a strategy for Africa to engage with this reality. In contrast with
the Berg view, he argues that the public sector is a key stakeholder in the developmental
process. As has been put forward by Thabo Mbeki, several African countries exhibit "two
nations" characteristics. If this is true, all seven dynasties of industrialization can be
simultaneously developed through government-led and corporate supported technological
interventions, aided by a "home-grown" financing model, or in strategic partnership with an
ally such as China in South-South cooperation, where no SAP prescriptions are imposed.
The author demonstrates that a different value paradigm is needed and explores how,
through investment in activities that generate increasing rather than decreasing returns,
Africa will innovate its way out of what appears to be a stubborn history of
underdevelopment. The author calls this Bennu economics, rising from the ashes, after the
Phoenix bird which originated in Egypt as Bennu. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract,
edited]
25 Ngongkum, Eunice
Nature's motions : seasonality in African poetry / Eunice Ngongkum - In: Annales de la
Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p. 105-126.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; poetry; seasonality.
Based on the premise that nature and culture are interrelated, this paper aims at showing
how some African poets foreground this interrelationship as a central concern in a selection
of their poems. Its focus is an ecocritical reading of the following poems: Wole Soyinka's
'Season', section seven of Okot p'Bitek's 'Song of Lawino', Kwesi Brew's 'The dry season',
Niyi Osundare's 'Dry seasons', J.P. Clark's 'The year's first rain', and David Rubadiri's 'An
African thunderstorm'. The paper highlights the idea of nature, expressed through
27
AFRICA - GENERAL
seasonality, as an essential component of African culture. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in
English and French. [Journal abstract]
26 Nononsi, Aristide
Le droit au développement en Afrique: réflexions sur un droit de l'homme subordonné à la
re-légitimation de l'État / par Aristide Nononsi - In: Revue juridique et politique des États
francophones: (2012), année 66, no. 1, p. 95-110.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; right to development; State; legitimacy.
Bien qu'on ait pu lui reprocher sa formulation trop vague, le droit au développement comme
droit de l'homme a été proclamé par la Déclaration des Nations unies sur le droit au
développement en 1986. En Afrique, ce droit fait face à de nombreux défis tels que
l'affaiblissement et la dé-légitimation de l'État dans son rôle de source de la distribution de
biens et de services publics. Aussi la réalisation et la garantie du droit au développement
exigent-elles un retour de l'État re-légitimé dans son rôle d'acteur du développement.
Notes, réf., rés. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
27 Notshulwana, Mxolisi
State fragility in Africa: methods chasing problems or problems chasing methods in political
discourse? / Mxolisi Notshulwana - In: International Journal of African Renaissance
Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p. 81-99.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; State; State collapse.
The article critiques the inadequacy of the conceptions and definitions of State fragility,
failure and weakness in Africa. The dominant accounts of State failure, weakness and
fragility tend to look at the superficial appearance and not at the multi-causal economic,
political and discursive foundations of an African State. The article argues that a deeper
and alternative discourse about State failure, fragility and weakness in Africa needs to
address the basic question of what the character and nature of the African State are. The
article broaches this question by analysing the conceptions of State failure, fragility and
weakness, and then provides a comprehensive account of the character and nature of
postcolonial States in Africa. The intention here is to show that the form and content of
postcolonial States in Africa have been a contested and inadequately theorized
phenomenon for many years. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
28 Nyamnjoh, Francis B.
Blinded by sight: divining the future of anthropology in Africa / Francis B. Nyamnjoh - In:
Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 63-92.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; anthropology; research methods; epistemology.
28
AFRICA - GENERAL
Using the metaphor of the elephant and the three blind men, this paper discusses some
elements of the scholarly debate on the postcolonial turn in academia, in and of Africa, and
in anthropology in particular. It is a part of the context in which anthropology remains
unpopular among many African intellectuals. How do local knowledge practices take up
existential issues and epistemological perspectives that may interrogate and enrich more
global transcultural debates and scholarly reflexivity? Many an anthropologist still resists
opening his or her mind up to life-worlds unfolding themselves through the interplay
between everyday practice and the manifold actions and messages of humans, ancestors
and non-human agents in sites of emerging meaning-production and innovative
world-making. African anthropologists seeking recognition find themselves contested or
dismissed by fellow anthropologists for doing "native", "self" or "insider" anthropology, and
are sometimes accused of perpetuating colonial epistemologies and subservience by fellow
African scholars who are committed to scholarship driven by the need to valorize ways of
being and knowing endogenous to Africa. This essay calls on anthropologists studying
Africa to reflect creative diversity and reflexivity in the conceptualization and implementation
of research projects, as well as in how they provide for co-production, collaboration and
co-implication within anthropology across and beyond disciplines. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
in English and German. [Journal abstract]
29 Okome, Onookome
Measuring time : Karin Barber and the study of everyday Africa / Onookome Okome and
Stephanie Newell, guest eds. - Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press, 2012. - XVIII,
195 p. : ill. ; 23 cm - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Kenya; Nigeria; South Africa; Tanzania; Zambia; popular culture;
literature; cinema; Nollywood; popular music.
Karin Barber's influential essay 'Popular arts in Africa', published in 1987, set out to open
and solidify the study of popular arts in Africa. Implicitly testifying that the definitional
ground has been adequately covered by Barber's essay, the contributors to this volume
examine the cultural changes and social transformations that matter to "popular" Africa,
especially those that have to do with the transition from old media to new forms. They show
how new technologies have helped to recast and rephrase narrative styles, themes and
audiences. They also demonstrate how media interacts with new modes of artistic
production and consumption in contemporary Africa. Their contributions offer case studies
and analyses of popular literature, urban music and cinema and video, including Nollywood
(Nigeria), Bongowood (Tanzania) and cellphilmmaking: making cinema with mobile phones.
The volume includes a foreword by Karin Barber and an introduction by Onookome Okome
and Stephanie Newell. Contributors: Dina Ligaga, Heike Becker, Hervé Tchumkam, Ranka
Primorac, Jane Bryce, Graham Furniss and Abdalla Uba Adamu, Lizelle Bisschoff and Ann
Overbergh, Debra Klein, James Ogude and Onookome Okome. [ASC Leiden abstract]
29
AFRICA - GENERAL
30 Opoukri, Christian
The EU and the AU : the print and the copy? / Christian Opoukri and Jude Cocodia - In:
Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences: (2009), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 127-136 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Europe; African Union; European Union.
The African Union and the European Union have both come a long way in their aspirations
to improve the lives of their peoples. While the OAU, the AU's precursor, began on quite
certain grounds - to free the African continent from the shackles of colonialism and improve
the lot of its citizens, the EU started on quite uncertain terms, having as its initial aim the
growth of the economies of the six founding members. This was followed by the full-scale
integration of Europe that the EU has come to represent. In view of the beginnings of these
continental organizations, the paths they have charted and the unique circumstances of
their political and social environments, one wonders if there is any basis for one bloc to
emulate the other, as trends in their structures tend to suggest. Against this backdrop the
authors consider the development of the two continental bodies using a historical and
analytical approach. They posit that while the EU is the success story of Europe's
integration, the AU can only achieve the same if it takes its unique circumstances into
account (just like the Europeans did) and develops accordingly. Emulating the EU in toto
will definitely not produce the envisaged success story for the AU. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal
abstract]
31 Parker, Saahier
African research and development surveys : highlights from the South African success
story / Saahier Parker and Natalie Vlotman - In: International Journal of African
Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 121-140 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; South Africa; science and technology; research; surveys.
Science and technology (S&T) have a major role to play in current and future developments
on the African continent as a whole. Key to developing an integrated science and
technology network, within and across nations, is firstly to understand the extent of
research and development (R&D) currently undertaken within individual territories and on
the continent as a whole. In light of this, the article examines the value and importance of
national surveys of research and experimental development undertaken in Africa. The
article explores the limited data from selected African R&D surveys in an attempt to
understand measurement issues that exist and to detail the value and importance of
mapping S&T systems and their applications to developmental issues in Africa. In countries
like Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, where S&T
systems exist, effective means of measurement need to be established, so that the power
30
AFRICA - GENERAL
of these systems can be harnessed, shared and exploited to benefit the African people. To
this end, the African Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (ASTII) initiative was
set up in December 2009 at a meeting in Addis Ababa with the aim of delivering a survey of
these countries' R&D output and potential. At the forefront of African R&D measurement is
the South African national R&D survey, administered by the Human Sciences Research
Council (HSRC). Being an established survey, the South African team is often called upon
by other African nations to support the setting up of surveys. The HSRC also trains visiting
African scientists in the delivery of accurate and reliable R&D survey data. The article
presents detailed results of the most recent South African national R&D survey
(2008/2009), together with a trend analysis of historic South African R&D surveys.
Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
32 Sonderegger, Arno
Afrika im 20. Jahrhundert : Geschichte und Gesellschaft / Arno Sonderegger ... [et al.]
(Hg.). - Wien : Promedia, 2011. - 254 p. : krt. ; 24 cm. - (Edition Weltregionen ; 21) - Met
bibliogr.
ISBN 3853713386
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Nigeria; nation building; State formation; economic history; political
history; colonial history; international relations; pan-Africanism; urbanization; medical history;
interreligious relations; historiography; 1900-1999.
Gegenstand dieses Buches ist die Geschichte Afrikas im 20. Jahrhundert. In den
versammelten Beiträgen wird versucht die Geschichte aus zwei distinkten Perspektiven zu
betrachten: der Afrika-zentrierten und der globalhistorischen. Inhalt: Einleitung: Afrika im
20. Jahrhundert (Arno Sonderegger, Ingeborg Grau und Birgit Englert); Koloniale
Grenzziehungen und afrikanischer (National-)Staat (Henning Melber); Nation, Staat und
Ethnizität in Afrika im 20. Jahrhundert (Andreas Eckert); Von der 'zivilisatorischen Mission'
zur 'Partnerschaft': Koloniale und globale Metropolen und die wirtschaftliche Kontrolle
Afrikas (Walter Schicho); Afrikanische Integration (Thomas Spielbüchler); Der
Panafrikanismus im 20. Jahrhundert (Arno Sonderegger); Macht, Pluralität und soziale
Beziehungen: Gesundheit und Heilung im Afrika des 20. Jahrhunderts (Hansjörg Dilger);
Muslime in Afrika im 20. Jahrhundert (Roman Loimeier); Religion und Politik in Nigeria:
Christentum und Islam im langen 20. Jahrhundert (Ingeborg Grau); Die jungen Generation
als politischer Akteur im Afrika des 20. Jahrhunderts (Birgit Englert); Urbanisierung und
Migration in Afrika (Susann Baller); Die grenzen der Emanzipation im südlichen Afrika:
Befreiungsbewegungen an der Macht (Henning Melber); Nachbetrachtung zur
Kolonialgeschichte und Historiographie Afrikas: Periodisierung der Geschichte Afrikas im
20. Jahrhundert (Arno Sonderegger). [Zusammenfassung ASC Leiden]
31
AFRICA - GENERAL
33 Teffo, Lesiba
Epistemic pluralism for knowledge transformation / Lesiba Teffo - In: International Journal
of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 24-34.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; indigenous knowledge; African studies; epistemology.
Knowledge transformation, with a focus on indigenous knowledge systems, as advocated in
this article, seeks to liberate the African voice and the African genius so that his/her
existential experiences and conditions are incorporated and mainstreamed in the general
corpus of scientific knowledge. The era of the marginalization of non-Western knowledge
systems is past. Epistemological hegemony has to make room for epistemic pluralism.
Research in African studies programmes and, more importantly, in African Renaissance
studies, should emphasize the normative aspect of knowledge. Knowledge should have as
one of its objectives a commitment to changing, for the better, the material conditions of the
people. The author argues for the promotion of a holistic and normative epistemology
oriented towards the development and happiness of the individual and society, while
affirming the humanity of the African person. Bibliogr., note, sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
NORTH AFRICA
GENERAL
34 Denieuil, Pierre-Noël
Maghreb et sciences sociales. - Paris : L'Harmattan, 2013. - 331 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. - (Maghreb
et sciences sociales ; 2012) - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ISBN 2336008955
ASC Subject Headings: Maghreb; Libya; Mauritania; Sudan; group identity; nationalism; urban
planning; urban development.
Cet annuaire propose trois dossiers thématiques: 'Après l'orientalisme ? Médiations,
appropriations, contestations' (sous la direction de François Pouillon), 'Sous l'empire de la
nationalité (1830-1960)' (sous la direction de Noureddine Amara) et 'Formes territoriales,
urbaines et architecturales au Maghreb aux XIX-XXIe siècles: permanences ou ruptures ?'
(sous la direction de Vittoria Capresi et Charlotte Jelidi) ainsi qu'une série d'études, suivis
de deux textes dans une nouvelle rubrique intitulée 'Chroniques et opinions'.
32
NORTHEAST AFRICA - ERITREA
NORTHEAST AFRICA
ERITREA
35 Trento, Giovanna
'Madamato' and colonial concubinage in Ethiopia : a comparative perspective / Giovanna
Trento - In: Aethiopica / Asien-Afrika-Institut: (2011), vol. 14, p. 184-205.
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; Eritrea; cohabitation; racially mixed persons; colonial period.
Colonial concubinage in Ethiopia during the Italian occupation (1936-1941) has not yet
been studied extensivey. This paper explores the peculiarities of the so-called 'madamato' concubinage between Italian men and African women - which was banned under the fascist
government in 1937 but continued to develop. First, it compares madamato practices of the
1930s in Ethiopia with those that were adopted from the late 19th century in Eritrea. In
addition, by relying on both written and oral sources, the paper highlights the relevance of
local agency, the influence of 'traditional' customs and religion, and the role played by
Ethiopian women in colonial concubinage. It also points out some continuity between the
colonial and the postcolonial periods in terms of social behaviour, as well as the complex
roles played in local societies by Ethiopian-Italians and Eritrean-Italians, including the
offspring of relationships based on concubinage. Furthermore, the paper shows that gender
relations in the region during Italian rule were affected by the fact that Italian colonialism in
the Horn of Africa influenced to some extent the construction of Italian national identity and
self-representation. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
ETHIOPIA
36 Bach, Jean-Nicolas
"Le roi est mort, vive le roi": Meles Zenawi règne, mais ne gouverne plus / Jean-Nicolas
Bach - In: Politique africaine: (2012), no. 128, p. 143-158.
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; politics; politicians.
Le présent article montre les facteurs de continuité ainsi que les paradoxes qui marquent le
régime actuel au pouvoir en Éthiopie. Meles Zenawi est décédé en août 2012. Son décès
privait le Front démocratique révolutionnaire populaire éthiopien (FDRPE) de son leader
historique. En outre, depuis la chute de Mengistu Hailé Mariam (1974-1991) en 1991,
Meles Zenawi cumulait le présidence du FDRPE avec les plus hautes fonctions de l'État. Il
était devenu Premier ministre de la République fédérale démocratique d'Éthiopie en 1995.
Mais c'est surtout à l'issue de la crise interne au FPLT-FDRPE en 2001 que Meles Zenawi
affirma sa domination au sein de l'État éthiopien. Cette crise a eu pour conséquence
d'ancrer davantage le FPLT-FDRPE à Addis Abeba, la capitale, et non plus au Tigraï
33
NORTHEAST AFRICA - ETHIOPIA
comme c'était le cas jusque là. Les élections de 2005 et de 2010 ont confirmé ce
glissement du pouvoir vers la capitale. Fruit d'un compromis, la nomination du protégé de
Meles Zenawi, Hailémariam Dessalegn, marque la poursuite de son œuvre. La continuité
du régime ne saurait néanmoins cacher des tensions plus profondes: celles liées à la
survie de toute une classe politique à la tête d'un pays dont la stabilité à moyen terme
dépend désormais de la réalisation des promesses faites par l'ancien Premier ministre
avant sa mort. Notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue,
adapté]
37 Bausi, Alessandro
Languages and cultures of Eastern Christianity : Ethiopian / ed. by Alessandro Bausi. Farnham [etc.] : Ashgate, 2012. - LXIII, 413 p. ; 25 cm. - (worlds of Eastern Christianity,
300-1500 ; 4) - Met bibliogr., index, noten.
ISBN 0754669971
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; Ethiopian Church; religious history; Church history; Christian
orders; Ge'ez language; epics; Antiquity; Middle Ages; articles (form).
This volume offers a collection of previously published articles on the history of Ethiopian
Christianity from ca. AD 300 till 1500. The articles are arranged in six parts: 1. The
Aksumite period and the Christianization of Ethiopia (Enrico Cerulli, Steven Kaplan, Roger
Schneider, Stuart Munro-Hay); 2. The Aksumite literature (Bernd Manuel Weischer,
Pierluigi Piovanelli, Alessandro Bausi); 3. The Judaic component (Edward Ullendorff,
Maxime Rodinson); 4. The 'second Christianization' and the 'Syriac influences' (Hans Jakob
Polotsky, Witold Witakowski, Paolo Marrassini, Stuart Munro-Hay); 5. The Kebra Nagast
(Irfan Shahid, David W. Johnson, Stuart Munro-Hay); 6. Saints, monks and kings (Carlo
Conti Rossini, Enrico Cerulli, Steven Kaplan, Paolo Marrassini). [ASC Leiden abstract]
38 Braukämper, Ulrich
Indigenous views on the Italian occupation in southern Ethiopia : a post-colonial approach /
Ulrich Braukämper - In: Aethiopica / Asien-Afrika-Institut: (2011), vol. 14, p. 163-183.
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; Italo-Ethiopian War; colonialism; civil wars.
Based on oral data collected from the early 1970s onward in central-southern Ethiopia and
interpreted in the context of information from written sources, the author examines the
indigenous views and attitudes of the Ethiopian people vis-à-vis the Italian war of conquest
and occupation of their country during the period 1935-1941. Because of the harsh
exploitation by the ruling elites of the Ethiopian empire, large parts of the inhabitants in the
south readily collaborated with the foreign occupants, which caused a civil war in many
parts of Ethiopia. This weakened the resistance of the defenders and favoured the advance
of the aggressors. The author deals with the period of military conquest (1935-1937); the
34
NORTHEAST AFRICA - ETHIOPIA
principles, practices and effects of Italian colonial rule, as well as its collapse and Ethiopian
restoration aftern 1940. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
39 Dessalegn Rahmato
Food security, safety nets and social protection in Ethiopia / ed by Dessalegn Rahmato,
Alula Pankhurst and Jan-Gerrit van Uffelen. - Addis Ababa : Forum for Social Studies
(FSS), cop. 2013. - XXIII, 580 p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm - Met bibliogr., bijl., noten.
ISBN 9789994450473
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; food security; social security.
In 2003 the government of Ethiopia adopted the food security programme (FSP) and
subsequently incorporated this in its poverty reduction strategy. Centrepiece of the FSP is
the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) for chronically vulnerable households. The
PSNP is financed entirely by Ethiopia's development partners and was launched in food
deficit areas in much of the country in 2005. It provides resource transfers (in kind, in cash
or both) to beneficiaries either as payment for labour in public work projects or as direct
support to individuals who are unable to work for health, old age and other similar reasons.
It is the main focus of investigation and critical appraisal in this edited work, whose various
contributions examine Ethiopia's food security strategy and the safety net programme in the
context of the development of a social protection policy. The contributions are arranged in
three parts: Food security and social protection: the Ethiopian exemplar; Local
perspectives: urban and rural case studies; Differential perspectives: households, gender
and children. Contributors: Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, Amdissa Teshome, Aschale
Dagnachew Siyoum, Bamlaku Alamirew, Baylie Damtie, Berhanu Woldemichael, Philippa
Bevan, Rebecca Carter, Catherine Dom, Guush Berhane, Dessalegn Rahmato, Stephen
Devereux, Gelebo Orkaido Katane, Frank Kortmann, Girmay Medhin, Charlotte Hanlon,
Dorothea Hilhorst, Hirut Bekele, John Hoddinott, Kidist Gebreselassie, Neha Kumar, Maji
Hailemariam, Jeremy Lindt, Anna McCord, Mengistu Dessalegn, Valerie Mueller, Mulugeta
Tefera, Mulugeta Handino, Alula Pankhurst, Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, Rachel Slater,
Solomon Tsehay, Tassew Woldehanna, Tafesse Kassa, Jan-Gerrit van Uffelen, Yisak
Tafere. [ASC Leiden abstract]
40 Marrassini, Paolo
Frustula nagranitica / Paolo Marrassini - In: Aethiopica / Asien-Afrika-Institut: (2011), vol.
14, p. 7-32.
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; historiography; historical sources; 0-999.
This article examines some miscellaneous problems related to the traditions of the Nine
Saints and to the Ethio-Himyaritic war of the 6th century AD. For the first subject, the
results achieved by A. Brita (2010) are basically confirmed, and a paragraph against the
35
NORTHEAST AFRICA - ETHIOPIA
alleged Syrian/Syriac provenance of these saints is added. As for the second subject, after
some onomastic notes stressing the traditional etymology of the second name of the
Abyssinian king Kaleb and recalling the existence in the Islamic tradition of two kings Yusuf,
the texts which tell of a pagan king of Ethiopia who defeats a Judaizing one from Yemen
are identified as speaking of the first of the two Ethio-Himyaritic wars. Finally, the proposal
by J. Beaucamp, F. Briquel-Chatonnet and C.J. Robin (1999-2000), according to which the
war should be dated at least in 531 because Procopius of Caesarea (Loeb Classical Library
ed. 1914), a prominent Byzantine scholar, speaks of a still active (and not yet retired to
monasticism) king Kaleb at that epoch, is put in doubt, because it tries to conciliate two
different kinds of sources, one historical and the other purely hagiographical. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
41 Nosnitsin, Denis
The antiquities of Däbrä Zäyt Qiddist Maryam (East Tigray, Ethiopia) / Denis Nosnitsin - In:
Aethiopica / Asien-Afrika-Institut: (2011), vol. 14, p. 33-47 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; manuscripts; Bible; churches; archaeology.
This article summarizes the results of research at Däbrä Zäyt, one of the historical sites
discovered by the project Ethio-SPARE (Hamburg University, Hiob Ludolf Centre for
Ethiopian Studies) in Gulo Mäkäda, East Tigray, Ethiopia. It presents different types of
historical evidence - including old church buildings, an inscription, and the church library,
focusing on an analysis of the fragments of the so-called 'old Golden Gospel' of Däbrä Zäyt,
written presumably by the same scribe as the one of the well-known manuscript from the
Vatican Library, Vath. Aeth. 25, which was recently dated to a time prior to the mid-14th
century. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
42 Trento, Giovanna
'Madamato' and colonial concubinage in Ethiopia : a comparative perspective / Giovanna
Trento - In: Aethiopica / Asien-Afrika-Institut: (2011), vol. 14, p. 184-205.
ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; Eritrea; cohabitation; racially mixed persons; colonial period.
Colonial concubinage in Ethiopia during the Italian occupation (1936-1941) has not yet
been studied extensivey. This paper explores the peculiarities of the so-called 'madamato' concubinage between Italian men and African women - which was banned under the fascist
government in 1937 but continued to develop. First, it compares madamato practices of the
1930s in Ethiopia with those that were adopted from the late 19th century in Eritrea. In
addition, by relying on both written and oral sources, the paper highlights the relevance of
local agency, the influence of 'traditional' customs and religion, and the role played by
Ethiopian women in colonial concubinage. It also points out some continuity between the
colonial and the postcolonial periods in terms of social behaviour, as well as the complex
36
NORTHEAST AFRICA - ETHIOPIA
roles played in local societies by Ethiopian-Italians and Eritrean-Italians, including the
offspring of relationships based on concubinage. Furthermore, the paper shows that gender
relations in the region during Italian rule were affected by the fact that Italian colonialism in
the Horn of Africa influenced to some extent the construction of Italian national identity and
self-representation. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
HORN OF AFRICA
43 Bereketeab, Redie
The Horn of Africa : intra-State and inter-State conflicts and security / ed. by Redie
Bereketeab. - London [etc.] : Pluto Press [etc.], 2013. - XIV, 208 p. : fig., krt., tab. ; 22 cm Met bibliogr., index, noten.
ISBN 0745333125
ASC Subject Headings: Northeast Africa; Sudan; South Sudan; Somalia; war; civil wars; political
violence; regional security; boundary conflicts; foreign intervention; piracy.
This book explores perspectives on intra-State and inter-State conflicts in the Horn of
Africa. It is divided into three parts: 1. Causes of conflicts; 2. Conflict dynamics; 3. Regional
and international interventions. Each part contains three contributions. Part 1: Introduction
(Redie Bereketeab); Poverty, inequality, State identity and chronic inter-State conflicts in
the Horn of Africa (Kidane Mengisteab); Leadership in the Horn of Africa: the emic/etic
perspective (Hassan Mahadallah). Part 2: Conflicts in the Horn of Africa and implications for
regional security (Kassahun Berhanu); Border changes: North Sudan-South Sudan and
regional dynamics (Abdalbasit Saeed); Political violence in the Horn of Africa: a framework
for analysis (Seifudein Adem). Part 3: IGAD and regional relations in the Horn of Africa
(Peter Woodward); The production of Somali conflict and the role of internal and external
actors (Abdi Ismail Samatar); Militia and piracy in the Horn of Africa (Bjørn Møller). [ASC
Leiden abstract]
SOMALIA
44 Vianello, Alessandra
One hundred years in Brava : the migration of the 'Umar Ba 'Umar from Hadhramaut to
East Africa and back, c. 1890-1990 / Alessandra Vianello - In: Journal of Eastern African
Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p. 655-671.
ASC Subject Headings: Somalia; Yemen; immigrants; international migration; Arabs; social life;
1850-1899.
Contacts between Arabia and the East African Coast, which have marked the history of the
western part of the Indian Ocean since ancient times, have often involved the migration of
37
NORTHEAST AFRICA - SOMALIA
individuals and groups of people who have contributed to the shaping of Swahili society.
However, details of group migrations from Arabia (even comparatively recent) remain to
this day largely unexplored as to their causes, the impact the newcomers had on the East
African societies, and their material and cultural contribution to the Swahili coastal centres.
It has also never been assessed how long it took an Arab migrant group to become fully
integrated into their new socioeconomic environment. This paper tries to answer some of
these questions by illustrating a migration that took place in the late nineteenth century and
involved almost the entire South Arabian 'qabila' of the 'Umar Ba 'Umar, originally settled in
and around Ghayl Ba Wazir, some 30 km inland from the ports of Mukalla and Shihr. This
group left the Hadhramaut in the 1880s and eventually settled in Brava, a coastal city of
Southern Somalia, c. 1890. The first mention of their presence in East Africa is found in the
judicial records of Brava, which have been preserved for the period 1893-1900. The events
that marked the subsequent period, up to the present, have been reconstructed through
personal observations by the author and oral information collected mainly in Brava, which
the 'Umar Ba 'Umar left when the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia forced them to return
to their original home town in the Hadhramaut. App., bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
SOUTH SUDAN
45 Frahm, Ole
Defining the nation: national identity in South Sudanese media discourse / Ole Frahm - In:
Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 1, p. 21-49.
ASC Subject Headings: South Sudan; national identity; newspapers.
This article examines debates about national identity in the media landscape of
post-referendum and post-independence (2011) South Sudan. Having never existed as a
sovereign State and with its citizens being a minority group in Sudan, collective action
among South Sudanese has historically been shaped in response to external pressures: in
particular, the aggressive nationbuilding pursued by successive Khartoum governments
that sought to Arabize and Islamize the South. Today, in the absence of a clear-cut enemy,
it is a major challenge for South Sudan to devise a common identity that unites the putative
nation beyond competing loyalties to ethnicity, tribe and family. Analysing opinion pieces
from South Sudanese online newspapers from January to September 2011 and placing
them in the context of contemporary African nationalism, this article gives an initial overview
of the issues that dominate the public debate on national identity: fear of tribalism and
regionalism, commemoration of the liberation struggle, language politics, and the role of
Christianity. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
38
NORTHEAST AFRICA - SOUTH SUDAN
46 Marzatico, Francesca
Southern Sudan referendum on self-determination : legal challenges and procedural
solutions / Francesca Marzatico - In: Journal of African Elections: (2011), vol. 10, no. 1, p.
1-32.
ASC Subject Headings: South Sudan; self-determination; referendums; 2011.
In spite of a myriad logistical and operational challenges the referendum on the
self-determination of Southern Sudan took place in January 2011 in a peaceful and orderly
manner, allowing the people of Southern Sudan to exercise their right to self-determination
as recognized by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005
between the government of Sudan and the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army
(SPLM/A). The late enactment of the Southern Sudan Referendum Act (SSRA) and the late
appointment of the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission (SSRC) generated
considerable time constraints, while the ambiguity of some of the provisions of the SSRA
further augmented the difficulties. The author analyses the major challenges and the way
they were handled, looking in turn at the time frame, the SSRC, the SSRA and the
regulatory framework, and the provisions relating to voter eligibility, proof of voter's identity,
objections to and appeals against voter registration, requirements for the staff of the
referendum centres, registration and voting in "other locations", publication of the final
voters' register, voting procedures, threshold and the sorting, counting, aggregation and
declaration of results, the role of observers, media rules and guarantees, and the audit of
the Commission's accounts. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
SUDAN
47 Schomerus, Mareike
Deals and dealings: inconclusive peace and treacherous trade along the South
Sudan-Uganda border / Mareike Schomerus and Kristof Titeca - In: Africa Spectrum:
(2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 5-31.
ASC Subject Headings: South Sudan; Uganda; peacebuilding; boundaries; traders.
Since Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed, its border with
Uganda has become a hub of activity. Contrasting developments on the Ugandan side of
the border with those on the South Sudanese side, this paper draws on empirical fieldwork
to argue that the CPA has created new centres of power in the margins of both States.
However, in day-to-day dealings on either side of the border, South Sudanese military
actors have become dominant. In the particular case of Arua and the South Sudan-Uganda
border, past wartime authority structures determine access to opportunities in a tightly
regulated, inconclusive peace. This means that small-scale Ugandan traders - although
vital to South Sudan - have become more vulnerable to South Sudan's assertions of State
39
NORTHEAST AFRICA - SUDAN
authority. The experience of Ugandan traders calls into question the broad consensus that
trade across the border is always beneficial for peacebuilding. The paper concludes that
trade is not unconditionally helpful to the establishment of a peaceful environment for
everyone. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA
GENERAL
48 Bachmann, Jan
Special issue: Between protection and stabilization? : addressing the tensions in
contemporary Western interventions in Africa / guest eds.: Jan Bachmann and Linnéa
Gelot. - Philadelphia, PA : Routledge, 2012. - p. 129-266. : graf., krt., tab. ; 26 cm. - (African
security, ISSN 1939-2206 ; vol. 5, no. 3/4) - Met noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Chad; Côte d'Ivoire; Democratic Republic of Congo;
Somalia; Sudan; Uganda; peacekeeping operations; foreign intervention; UN; responsibility to
protect.
This special issue of 'African Security' analyses tensions that have arisen in a number of
recent security interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. Four contributors share an interest in
how the general concepts of protection and the responsibiity to protect have helped justify
recent interventions. John Harald Sande Lie and Adam Branch put the struggle over the
meaning of protection in the centre of their analyses. Through their respective discussions
of the concept of protection in the UN Mission in Sudan and the international action against
the Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda they demonstrate that the conceptual
openness of protection makes it amenable to a diverse set of actors and practices.
Giovanna Bono and Andreas Mehler in their contributions provide detailed empirical
accounts of both the justifications and the consequences of international peace operations
in Chad and Côte d'Ivoire respectively. The articles in the second part demonstrate what
ambiguities arise around the concept of ownership. Louise R. Andersen discusses security
sector reform and United Nations peace operations in general. Sara Hellmüller explores the
ambiguities of local ownership on the basis of evidence from the Democratic Republic of
Congo. Finally, Stig Jarle Hansen explores how private security companies may gain
advantage from liberal peace narratives on State-building, democratizaiton and global
governance, drawing on the example of peacemaking efforts in Somalia. [ASC Leiden
abstract]
40
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
49 Banégas, Richard
Dossier "Parlements de la rue : espaces publics de la parole et citoyenneté en Afrique" /
[dossier] coordonné par Richard Banégas, Florence Brisset-Foucault et Armando Cutolo In: Politique africaine: (2012), no. 127, p. 5-133.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Côte d'Ivoire; Democratic Republic of Congo; Kenya;
South Africa; palaver; popular participation; State-society relationship; citizenship; group identity;
violence; xenophobia.
Ce dossier rassemble des réflexions sur les diverses pratiques d'assemblée et
d'occupation de l'espace en Afrique. Il s'agit d'un mode d'investissement de la rue par des
moyens autres que la marche ou la manifestation, et incluant l'ouverture d'espaces de
sociabilité donnant la primauté à la discussion politique, les "parlements du peuple".
L'investigation menée dans les espaces de discussion de rue montre que ces lieux, creuset
de mobilisation partisane, de modes d'engagement de soi et de subjectivation politique,
passent par la valorisation de la force: la prise de parole n'est pas antithétique du recours à
la violence. Espaces publics de la parole et pratiques de la citoyenneté en Afrique
(Introduction au thème) (Richard Banégas, Florence Brisset-Foucault et Armando Cutolo) Gouverner par la parole: parlements de la rue, pratiques oratoires et subjectivation politique
en Côte d'Ivoire (Armando Cutolo et Richard Banégas) - "Combattants de la parole":
parlementaires-debout et mobilisation partisane à Kinshasa (Camille Dugrand) - Les
parlements du peuple au Kenya: débat public et participation politique à Eldoret et Nairobi
(Jacob Rasmussen et Duncan Omanga) - Ce que "parler au grin" veut dire: sociabilité
urbaine, politique de la rue et reproduction sociale en Côte d'Ivoire (Sarah Vincourt et
Souleymane Kouyaté) - Expressions de la xénophobie en réunion publique et construction
d'une identité de quartier: le cas de Yeoville, à Johannesbourg (Claire Bénit-Gbaffou et
Eulenda Mkwanazi). Notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
50 Bayo Bibi, Blandine
L'efficacité de la convention d'arbitrage en droit OHADA / par Blandine Bayo Bibi - In:
Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 881, p. 440-463.
ASC Subject Headings: French-speaking Africa; Subsaharan Africa; Cameroon; arbitration;
commercial law; OHADA; judges.
Les initiateurs du Traité relatif à l'OHADA (Organisation pour l'Harmonisation du Droit en
Afrique), soucieux d'organiser un environnement propice au développement de l'activité
économique, avaient souhaité faire de l'arbitrage l'instrument privilégié du règlement des
différends contractuels et de la lutte contre l'insécurité juridique et judiciaire dans la zone
couverte par le Traité OHADA. Cette volonté s'est traduite par l'adoption de trois textes
majeurs fixant le cadre général de l'arbitrage dans l'espace OHADA. Cette législation
reconnaît la pleine efficacité à la convention d'arbitrage. Par ce type d'accord, des parties à
41
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
un contrat décident de soustraire les litiges pouvant en résulter de la connaissance des
ordres juridiques nationaux et de leurs juridictions. Or, le juge étatique peut tout de même
être appellé à intervenir dans certains cas. Au Cameroun, l'on note une pratique
controversée de la règle. Ce qui pourrait, à terme, mettre à mal l'objectif du législateur
OHADA. C'est pourquoi il paraît nécessaire de rechercher un moyen de restaurer la priorité
de l'arbitrage afin de satisfaire à l'objectif de sécurisation. Notes, réf., rés. en français et en
anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
51 Bekoe, Dorina Akosua Oduraa
Voting in fear : electoral violence in Sub-Saharan Africa / Dorina A. Bekoe, ed. Washington, DC : United States Institute of Peace, 2012. - IX, 267 p. : ill. ; 23 cm - Met
bibliogr., index, noten.
ISBN 1601271360
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Côte d'Ivoire; Ethiopia; Ghana; Kenya; Nigeria; Sudan;
Togo; Zanzibar; Zimbabwe; elections; violence; political violence.
Introduction: the scope, nature, and pattern of electoral violence in Sub-Saharan Africa -Democratization and electoral violence in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2008 -- Evaluating
election-related violence in Africa: Nigeria and Sudan in comparative perspective -- Land
patronage and elections: winners and losers in Zimbabwe and Côte d'Ivoire -- Postelection
political agreements in Togo and Zanzibar: temporary measures for stopping electoral
violence? -- The political economy of Kenya's crisis -- Disturbance or massacre?
consequences of electoral violence in Ethiopia -- Preventing electoral violence: lessons
from Ghana -- Conclusion: implications for research and policy
52 Ben Hamida, Walid
La participation des personnes publiques subsahariennes à l'arbitrage relatif aux
investissements / par Walid Ben Hamida - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 881, p.
464-484.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; arbitration; commercial law; international law; foreign
investments; public sector.
On peut définir l'arbitrage relatif aux investissements comme tout arbitrage opposant des
entités publiques à des personnes privées étrangères et portant sur une opération
d'investissement. La personne publique est souvent l'État, mais peut être une entité
infra-étatique (collectivité territoriale ou entreprise d'État). Les personnes privées sont
souvent des sociétés étrangères mais parfois de simples personnes physiques.
Aujourd'hui, il est possible d'engager une instance arbitrale en l'absence d'un lien
contractuel direct entre les parties. Le phénomène a été qualifié d'"arbitrage transnational
unilatéral" car l'instance arbitrale ne peut être engagée que par la personne privée, à
42
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
l'exclusion de la personne publique. Pour faire l'état de la participation des personnes
publiques subsahariennes à l'arbitrage relatif aux investissements, il convient de décrire, en
premier lieu, leur participation à l'arbitrage traditionnel, classique et contractuel (première
partie). On peut remarquer que les arbitrages des contrats d'État impliquant les États
d'Afrique subsaharienne se développent devant la CCI (Cour commune d'arbitrage
internationale). Entre quinze et vingt pour cent des arbitrages impliquant des États et
entités publiques devant la CCI concernent des parties venant de l'Afrique subsaharienne.
En second lieu, est abordée la participation des États africains à l'arbitrage unilatéral fondé
sur un traité international ou une loi nationale d'investissement (seconde partie). Notes, réf.
[Résumé ASC Leiden]
53 Boafo, Isaac M.
Threatened identities: the experience of HIV-mothers in sub-Saharan Africa / Isaac M.
Boafo - In: Legon Journal of Sociology: (2010), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 55-74.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; AIDS; mothers; identity.
This paper reviews the literature on HIV infection and motherhood among women from
Sub-Saharan Africa to understand the implications of HIV infection for their identity as
mothers. The paper addresses the question of how HIV-positive mothers reconstruct their
identities as good mothers through their disclosure and non-disclosure decisions, and their
adherence to antiretroviral drugs. The importance of women's caring abilities to their
experience of HIV infection is highlighted and the paper concludes that the concepts of
biographical disruption and reinforcement can be used simultaneously to understand the
experience of HIV infection among mothers. Bibliogr., notes, sum [Journal abstract, edited]
54 Bochow, Astrid
Christian creations of new spaces of sexuality, reproduction, and relationships in Africa :
exploring faith and religious heterotopia / [eds.: Astrid Bochow and Rijk van Dijk]. - Leiden :
Brill, 2012. - P. 325-469. ; 24 cm. - (Journal of religion in Africa, ISSN 0022-4200 ; vol. 42,
no. 4 (2012)) - A special issue of the Journal of religion in Africa. - Omslagtitel. - Met
bibliogr., noten en samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Pentecostalism; women; gender relations; marriage;
sexuality.
In many African societies today Christian churches, in particular Pentecostal churches, are
an important source of information on sexuality, relationships, the body and health. This is
motivated in part by the HIV/AIDS pandemic but is also related to globally circulating ideas
and images that make people rethink gender relations and identities through the lens of
"romantic love". Under the title 'Christian creations of new spaces of sexuality, reproduction
and relationships in Africa: exploring faith and religious heterotopia' the articles
43
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
contextualize the contemporary situation in the history of Christian movements in Africa and
apply Foucault's notion of "heterotopia": a space that inverts or contests the dominant
power relations and that, in contrast to "utopia", factually exists. Christian doctrines and
practices are creating social spaces of altering relational ethics, identities and gender roles
that appeal especially to upwardly mobile women. The introduction by Astrid Bochow and
Rijk van Dijk is followed by: Reconstructing sexuality in the shadow of neoliberal
globalization: investigating the approach of charismatic churches in southwestern Nigeria
(Tola Olu Pearce); Singleness, sexuality, and the dream of marriage (South Africa) (Maria
Frahm-Arp); The love of Jesus never disappoints: reconstituting female personhood in
urban Madagascar (Jennifer Cole); Creating illegitimacy: negotiating relations and
reproduction within Christian contexts in northwest Namibia (Julia Pauli); Afro-Brazilian
Pentecostal re-formations of relationships across two generations of Mozambican women
(Linda van de Kamp); Postscript: the Love Boat, or the elementary forms of charismatic life
(Ramon Sarró). [ASC Leiden abstract]
55 Darankoum, Emmanuel S.
Méthode de mise en œuvre de la convention de Vienne sur la vente internationale:
l'arbitrage OHADA au prisme de la pratique CCI / par Emmanuel S. Darankoum - In:
Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 881, p. 497-530.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; French-speaking Africa; arbitration; international law;
commercial law; conflict of laws; courts; international agreements; OHADA.
En quoi consistent les méthodes de droit international privé qui soutendent le raisonnement
de l'arbitre de la Chambre de commerce internationale (CCI) dans la recherche de la loi
applicable au fond et pouvant aboutir à l'applicabilité de la Convention de Vienne? Traitée
dans la première partie de l'article, cette question permet de comprendre le contexte et les
méthodes selon lesquels les arbitres de la CCI sont amenés à adopter la Convention de
Vienne comme loi applicable aux contrats de vente internationale qui leur sont soumis.
Dans la première partie, l'auteur discute du contenu et des principes de la liberté des
arbitres de la CCI, qui est identique à celle de l'arbitre OHADA et à celle définie par les
critères du règlement d'arbitrage de la Cour commune de justice et d'arbitrage (CCJA) de
l'OHADA. La situation du juge étatique et celle de l'arbitre international sont différentes, car
ce dernier n'a pas de for (lex fori), c'est à dire que, dans un conflit avec son propre droit
national, il n'a pas à choisir quel droit national doit être appliqué, le juge étatique, lui,
pouvant choisir d'appliquer son propre système juridique national. Dans la seconde partie,
l'auteur mesure l'ampleur de la mise en œuvre du principe de la liberté des arbitres de la
CCI au regard de la Convention de Vienne. Dans les cas de conflits de lois, les législateurs
nationaux prennent rarement en considération la spécificité des ventes internationales.
Inappropriées dans un tel cadre, les règles édictées ne répondent qu'aux besoins du
commerce interne. Les marchands ont donc tourné leur regard vers l'arbitrage de la CCI,
44
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
qui privilégie la mise en œuvre de la Convention de Vienne. L'une des missions des
arbitres consiste à apporter au litige une solution mesurée en conformité avec les besoins
des marchands (essentiellement le respect de la bonne foi telle qu'ils la comprennent). La
Convention de Vienne permet d'atteindre ces buts. Diverses péripéties permettent aux
arbitres de la CCI d'appliquer la Convention de Vienne lorsqu'ils le souhaitent. Parmi ces
péripéties, la méthode directe génère un risque d'arbitraire. L'auteur entreprend de discuter
de ce risque, tout en considérant la Convention de Vienne comme un succédané de l'ordre
juridique arbitral ou transnational. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
56 Gayibor, Théodore Nicoué Lodjou
Cinquante ans d'indépendance en Afrique subsaharienne et au Togo / sous la dir. de
Théodore Nicoué Gayibor. - Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2012. - 289 p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm. (Études africaines) - Met bibliogr., noten.
ISBN 2336000733
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Togo; politics; economic development; educational
policy; health care; women; sculpture; political history.
Cet ouvrage fait le bilan de 50 ans d'indépendance en Afrique subsaharienne, notamment
au Togo. Sommaire: Cinquante ans d'indépendance de l'Afrique subsaharienne: quel
bilan? (Théodore Nicoué Gayibor); Cinquante ans d'indépendance des États africains
francophones: bilan et perspectives (Domba Jean-Marc Palm); L'unité africaine: cinquante
ans après les indépendances: quel bilan? quel avenir? (Adimado Messan Aduayom);
Cinquante ans de discours sur l'unité nationale au Togo (1960-2010): les leçons d'une
politique toujours d'actualité (Koffi Nutefé Tsigbé); L'institution d'un parti unique en Afrique
noire ou l'illusion d'une unité nationale: l'exemple togolais (1961-1990) (Essohanam
Batchana); L'engagement dans les partis politiques au Togo: 1945-2005 (A. Pépévi
Kpakpo-Lodonou); Cinquante ans de développement bloqué ou les espoirs économiques
déçus (Edo Kodjo Maurille Agbobli); Cinquante ans de politiques éducatives en Afrique
francophone: un manque de réalisme: le cas de Togo (François Gbikpi-Benissan); Les
politiques éducatives et la construction nationale en Afrique noire des indépendances à nos
jours: le cas de Togo (Namiyate Yabouri); Le centre hospitalier universitaire de
Lomé-Tokoin, cinquante ans après l'indépendance du Togo (1960-2010) (Komlan Kouzan);
Les obstacles à la recherche en Afrique sub-saharienne: cas du domaine biomédical
(Moustafa Mijiyawa); Le chemin parcouru par les femmes en cinquante ans
d'indépendance du Togo: état des lieux (Aminata Ayéva-Traoré); Les arts plastiques
cinquante ans après (Joseph Adandé). [Résumé ASC Leiden]
57 Jerven, Morten
Briefing: for richer, for poorer : GDP revisions and Africa's statistical tragedy / Morten
Jerven - In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 138-147 : tab.
45
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Ghana; gross national product; statistics.
On 5 November 2010, Ghana Statistical Services announced a revision of the GDP
estimates upwards by over 60 percent, suggesting that in previous GDP estimates
economic activitities worth about 13 billion US dollars had been missed. After the revision,
which had a factual grounding and was done according to the book, a range of new
activities was accounted for. As a result Ghana was suddenly upgraded from a low-income
to a lower-middle-income country. In the fall of 2011 Nigeria also announced a forthcoming
upward revision of its GDP. This briefing traces how the development community reacted to
the news of the upward revision and clarifies how Ghana became a lower-middle-income
country overnight. The author explains how GDP is typically calculated from a 'base year'
estimate that serves as a basis for future estimates. The IMF statistical division
recommends a change of base year every five years, but many African statistical offices
make estimations on a base year that is out of date, as was the case in Ghana, and in most
statistical offices data are poorly available. The author concludes that, because of the poor
statistical capacity of African countries, any ranking of countries according to GDP levels is
misleading. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
58 Kluth, Michael
The European Union and sub-Saharan Africa - from intervention towards deterrence? /
Michael Kluth - In: African Security Review: (2013), vol. 22, no. 1, p. 19-29 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; European Union; foreign intervention; regional security.
This article argues that aspirations of maintaining a dominant influence over sub-Saharan
African security issues has spurred the French and British leadership of European Union
(EU) foreign and security policy integration, just as it has informed military capability
expansions by the armed forces of the main EU powers. While Europe's initial African focus
was on stabilizing a continent marred by State failure, civil wars and genocides, changes in
the global security context, especially the shift towards multipolarity manifest in China's
growing engagement, has prompted a complementary focus on deterring other powers
from making military inroads into the subcontinent. Hence Europe's sub-Saharan security
focus is shifting from stabilization towards deterrence. This helps explain recent military
procurements which, in spite of the extremely challenging fiscal position of most EU
member States, feature large-scale investments in long-range deterrence capabilities.
Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
59 Knieper, Rolf
L'arbitrage des différends relatifs aux investissements en Afrique francophone au Sud du
Sahara: l'OHADA et le CIRDI / par Rolf Knieper - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 881, p.
485-496.
46
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
ASC Subject Headings: French-speaking Africa; Subsaharan Africa; OHADA; arbitration; courts;
commercial law; international law; foreign investments.
Le contexte général de la création de l'OHADA (Organisation pour l'Harmonisation en
Afrique du Droit des Affaires) fait que cette organisation a une double histoire liée à celle,
politique, du continent. L'OHADA s'inscrit en théorie dans un mouvement généralisé d'une
intégration économique par le droit. Les buts qu'elle s'est fixés en théorie sont en fait limités
dans la pratique actuelle par une délimitation linguistique liée à une langue de colonisation,
et dans une politique juridique de la protection de l'investissement international par la mise
en place de structures et organisations arbitrales. Les textes de l'OHADA font partie d'un
plus grand ensemble juridique qui cherche à rendre un règlement des litiges relatifs aux
investissements opérationnel. L'auteur procède à une analyse du système d'investissement
et d'arbitrage de l'OHADA en Afrique au sud du Sahara. La Cour Commune de Justice et
d'Arbitrage (CCJA) a un caractère hybride. Face aux difficultés structurelles de la CCJA, le
CIRDI (Centre international pour le Règlement des Différends relatifs aux Investissements)
reste l'institution la plus focalisée sur le règlement de différends relatifs aux
investissements, non seulement mondialement, mais aussi pour la région de l'Afrique au
sud du Sahara. La Cour Commune de Justice et d'Arbitrage (CCJA) est à la fois Centre
administratif d'arbitrage à l'image de la CCI et Cour de cassation en cas de recours en
annulation et de refus de l'exequatur. L'auteur relève le caractère hybride de l'institution,
différent du système traditionnel d'une stricte séparation entre les trois acteurs habituels de
l'arbitrage, à savoir le tribunal arbitral, la "cour" d'arbitrage et les tribunaux étatiques en
recours. Quoi qu'il en soit, le système est surtout orienté vers les litiges commerciaux. Ici,
Les parties contractantes doivent réfléchir elles-mêmes sur le système à choisir. L'article
traite enfin de la notion d'investissement et des tendances actuelles, qui montreraient une
bifurcation de la fonction de l'OHADA et plus particulièrement de la CCJA dans le contexte
de l'arbitrage international. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
60 Lund, Christian
Special issue: land politics in Africa : constructing authority over territory, property and
persons / guest eds.: Christian Lund and Catherine Boone. - [Cambridge : Cambridge
University Press], 2012. - 203 p. : fig., foto's. ; 24 cm. - (Africa, ISSN 0001-9720 ; vol. 83,
no. 1) - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen in het Engels en Frans.
This special issue of 'Africa' examines how institutions and actors attempt to create and
assert authority to determine access to land, and to exercise land control. A shared concern
is to discern the stakes and trajectories that are visible in these processes. Contributions
examine the actors and political stakes that are involved, and show how (that is, by what
means, under what circumstances, to what extent) national governments work with, through
and against other actors to gather and institutionalize authority and resource control. The
47
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
studies show that control over land and over political identity does not merely represent or
reflect pre-existing authority. It produces it. Contributions: The past and space: on
arguments in African land control (Christian Lund) - Questions of ownership: proprietorship
and control in a changing rural terrain - a case study from Ghana (Sara Berry) - The
strategic instrumentalization of land tenure in ‘State-building’: the case of Juba, South
Sudan (Naseem Badiey) - The dynamics of land tenure systems in the Niger Basin, Mali
(Bakary Camara) - The crisis of public policies in Côte d’Ivoire: land law and the nationality
trap in Tabou’s rural communities (Alfred Babo) - Of land and legitimacy: a tale of two
lawsuits (Kelly Askew, Faustin Maganga, Rie Odgaard) - Pointing to property: colonialism
and knowledge about land tenure in Northern Nigeria (Steven Pierce)- Whatever it takes:
tenure security strategies of communal land right holders in Zimbabwe (David Goodwin) Land regimes and the structure of politics: patterns of land-related conflict (Catherine
Boone). [ASC Leiden abstract]
61 Lust, Ellen M.
Governing Africa's changing societies : dynamics of reform / ed. by Ellen M. Lust, Stephen
N. Ndegwa. - Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2012. - VII, 243 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Bibliogr.: p. 213-227. - Met index, noten.
ISBN 1588268349
ASC
Subject
Headings:
Subsaharan
Africa;
governance;
reform;
democracy;
economic
development; land rights; property rights; women's rights; educational reform.
The challenges of governance in Africa's changing societies / Ellen M. Lust and Stephen N.
Ndegwa -- The democracy-governance connection / Michael Bratton -- Democracy and
economic performance / Peter Lewis -- Contested land rights in rural Africa / Catherine
Boone -- Property rights : preferences and reform / Ato Kwamena Onoma -- Women's rights
and family law reform in francophone Africa / Susanna D. Wing -- Religion, democracy, and
education reform in the Sahel / Leonardo A. Villalón -- Rethinking the dynamics of reform /
Ellen M. Lust and Stephen N. Ndegwa
62 Mesmin, Koumba
L'amélioration de l'alerte en droit OHADA: instrument de contrôle de la gestion de
l'entreprise / par Koumba Mesmin - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 879, p. 257-268.
ASC Subject Headings: French-speaking Africa; Subsaharan Africa; commercial law; international
law; enterprises; financial management; OHADA.
La prévention favorise la détection des difficultés de l'entreprise afin de mieux les traiter.
Elle permet de s'armer contre la faillite des entreprises. Le législateur africain, malgré une
innovation permettant l'alerte comme un avertissement adressé au dirigeant de l'entreprise
par ses partenaires, n'est cependant pas allé jusqu'au bout de sa logique réformatrice, car
48
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
le déclenchement de l'alerte est très limité quant à ses bénéficiaires. Il apparaît, à la lecture
des Actes uniformes de l'OHADA, que les représentants des salariés et le président de la
juridiction compétente sont inégalement armés dans la détection de difficultés des
entreprises. Il serait souhaitable, en droit de l' OHADA, d'élargir le déclenchement de la
procédure d'alerte aussi bien aux représentants des salariés au motif qu'ils peuvent être
alertés par des indices qui sont souvent imperceptibles de l'extérieur (première partie),
qu'au président de la juridiction compétente, en raison de ce qu'il supervise le
fonctionnement du greffe du tribunal de commerce (deuxième partie). Notes, réf. [Résumé
ASC Leiden]
63 Moudoudou, Placide
"Flexible droit": vers une naissance d'un constitutionnalisme identitaire en Afrique noire? /
par Placide Moudoudou - In: Revue juridique et politique des États francophones: (2012),
année 66, no. 2, p. 135-173.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; constitutionalism; ethnic identity; State.
Dans les dernières années du vingtième siècle, le constitutionnalisme s'est imposé un peu
partout comme le moyen le plus sûr de réaliser la synthèse moderne entre démocratie et
libéralisme. Mais, d'autre part, la réalité sociologique montre que la question de l'identité
semble être un élément clé dans la compétition politique en Afrique. Comment les normes
juridiques issues du renouveau constitutionnel en Afrique noire régissent-elles l'ethnicité,
les diverses identités ethniques, leurs rapports avec la citoyenneté et la nationalité?
Comment les gouvernants africains mettent-ils en œuvre les normes régissant ces
questions? L'analyse de la problématique révèle, au plan juridique, les limites, en Afrique,
du constitutionnalisme libéral venu d'Occident: l'ignorance des composantes sociologiques
comme l'ethnie ou la religion en serait l'une des causes. Pratiquement, elle fait en réalité
apparaître la crise institutionnelle de l'État. La fragilisation de l'État et les logiques de
polarisation identitaire autour des questions de nationalité empêchent de réussir à
construire une démocratie de type consociative, comme l'a montré l'exemple récent de la
Côte d'Ivoire. L'État africain présente deux facettes contradictoires: conçu comme une
nation à construire (première partie), il est en même temps géré comme un "butin" ou un
"gâteau" où chacun veut avoir sa part (seconde partie). Notes, réf., [Résumé ASC Leiden]
64 Mudimbe, V.Y.
Contemporary African cultural productions / ed. by V.Y. Mudimbe. - Dakar : CODESRIA,
2012. - 328 p.
ISBN 9782869785397
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Cameroon; Congo (Brazzaville); Côte d'Ivoire;
Democratic Republic of Congo; Kenya; Mozambique; Nigeria; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe; popular
culture; performing arts; popular music.
49
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
This collective volume reflects debate at the 2007 CODESRIA Annual Social Science
Campus on the theme of contemporary African cultural productions, on understanding
culture through research into cultural processes and products, and on interrogating the
representation of Africa by others and Africans. Contents: 1. Dancing through the crisis:
survival dynamics and Zimbabwe music industry, Nhamo Anthony Mhiripiri - 2. Retelling
Joburg for TV: Risky City, Muff Andersson - 3. The legendary Inikpi of Nigeria: a play :
political interpretation and contemporary implications, Reuben Adejoh - 4. Makishi
masquerade and activities: the reformulation of visual and performance genres of the
Mukanda School of Zambia, Victoria Phiri Chitungu - 5. Religiosity in Vihiga District:
modernity and expressions of outward forms (Kenya), Susan Mbula Kilonzo - 6. Striking the
snake with its own fangs: Uganda Acoli song, performance and gender dynamics, Benge
Okot - 7. Industrie musicale au Sénégal : étude d'une évolution, Saliou Ndour - 8. Voix
féminines de la chanson au Cameroun : émergence et reconnaissance artistique, Nadeige
Laure Ngo Nlend - 9. Vidéo et espace politique : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire, Oumar Silué
N'Tchabétien - 10. Les Bantous de la capitale de Brazzaville: cycle de vie et productions
culturelles, Geneviève Mayamona Zibouidi - 11. Le vidéoclip congolais: politique de mots et
rhétorique d'images, Léon Tsambu - 12. Artes e reconstruir indentidades : um proyeto de
teatro em Mozambique, Vera Azevedo - 13. Afterword: A meditation of the convener, V.Y.
Mudimbe. [ASC Leiden abstract]
65 Mvomo Ela, Wullson
Géostratégie africaine de la France et instabilité étatique en Afrique subsaharienne: le cas
du Tchad / Wullson Mvomo Ela - In: Kaliao: (2011), vol. 3, no. 7, p. 77-94 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Chad; France; geopolitics; strategic policy; regional
security.
Le présent article examine les conditions historiques et géostratégiques de la présence
française en Afrique et recherche les raisons de la relation à première vue paradoxale entre
la permanence de la présence militaire de la France et l'instabilité étatique en Afrique
subsaharienne. L'auteur fait appel à la théorie des "forces profondes" et à l'histoire des
relations internationales, et considère le cas du Tchad, vu tout à la fois comme le bastion
du dispositif militaire africain de la France et l'archétype du désordre étatique dans la zone
concernée. Il articule les finalités poursuivies par la France en l'occurrence autour du
contrôle de l'espace africain et de ses ressources. Dans cette optique, il établit que: 1)
L'Afrique subsaharienne, au cours des cinquante dernières années, a été le "centre
protostratégique" de la géostratégie française dans son ensemble; 2) Le dispositif militaire
est davantage un outil de régulation du désordre, source de sa "légitimité" historique, qu'un
garant de sécurité et de stabilité; 3) Le redressement de la région passe à la fois par
l'assomption étatique, et la sécurité collective à l'échelle sous-régionale, africaine et
50
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
internationale. Bibliogr., notes, rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue,
adapté]
66 Nahm-Tchougli, Guy
Le juge constitutionnel face aux conflits politiques en Afrique noire francophone / par Guy
Nahm-Tchougli - In: Revue juridique et politique des États francophones: (2012), année 66,
no. 2, p. 217-260.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; French-speaking Africa; constitutional courts;
constitutionalism; State-society relationship.
Le juge constitutionnel, dans le courant de renouveau constitutionnel au sein de l'État
africain, est appelé à assurer au moins quatre missions essentielles, à savoir garantir la
séparation des pouvoirs, veiller au respect de la répartition des compétences entre les
principaux organes de l'État, garantir la forme d'organisation de l'État instituée par la
Constitution et garantir les libertés fondamentales. La réflexion dans cet article porte sur la
question de savoir comment le juge constitutionnel, plus particulièrement dans l'espace
francophone ouest-africain, est en mesure d'y parvenir, compte tenu du contexte de
pluralisme politique. La première partie de l'article traite de la garantie qu'offrent les
juridictions constitutionnelles dans le fonctionnement des institutions. La seconde partie se
penche sur le juge constitutionnel lorsqu'il est soumis à l'épreuve des réalités politiques et
de l'interprétation des normes constitutionnelles. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
67 Ngoue, Willy James
La gestion des sociétés commerciales et coopératives en droit OHADA / par Willy James
Ngoue - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 880, p. 319-335.
ASC Subject Headings: French-speaking Africa; Subsaharan Africa; OHADA; cooperatives;
enterprises; commercial law; management.
L'Acte uniforme relatif au droit des sociétés coopératives adopté le 15 décembre 2010 vient
conforter l'œuvre d'harmonisation entreprise par le législateur OHADA. Ce texte balise et
fixe dans tout l'espace de l'OHADA des modes de fonctionnement des sociétés
coopératives quelquefois hétéroclites. La présente étude scrute les modes de gestion de
sociétés commerciales et coopératives et entend contribuer à la compréhension du
système de contrôle imposé aux dirigeants sociaux. En droit OHADA, les principes posés
par les Actes uniformes relatifs au droit des sociétés commerciales et aux sociétés
coopératives, conjugués par l'action de la jurisprudence, forment le socle de la gestion
régulière des sociétés commerciales et coopératives (première partie) qui sont soumises à
un strict contrôle (seconde partie). La législation communautaire de l'OHADA prévoit aussi
bien un contrôle interne par les associés qu'un contrôle externe par le commissaire aux
comptes. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
51
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
68 Nivet, Bastien
Du laboratoire au miroir: quand l'Afrique subsaharienne construit l'Europe stratégique /
Bastien Nivet - In: Politique africaine: (2012), no. 127, p. 135-153.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Europe; North-South relations; European Union;
defence policy.
L'Afrique subsaharienne a émergé depuis dix ans comme terrain d'expérimentation et
espace de légitimation des politiques européennes naissantes dans les domaines des
affaires étrangères, notamment la politique européenne, de la sécurité et de la défense
(PESD) de l'Union européenne (UE). Dix missions y ont ainsi été déployées, tandis que
l'UE agit également sur les recompositions de l'architecture africaine de paix et de sécurité.
Or, l'étude des relations entre l'UE et l'Afrique subsaharienne dans les domaines de la
sécurité et de la défense recèle encore des zones d'ombre et des questionnements
insuffisamment explorés ou débattus. Le propos de l'auteur est de saisir les conditions,
contours et motivations de l'émergence de l'Afrique subsaharienne comme objet d'attention
et d'application de la PESD, et leurs implications sur la nature de la relation UE-Afrique
subsaharienne. Il voit en cette partie du monde un terrain d'expérimentation, un laboratoire
et un espace de légitimation pour des politiques européennes naissantes. Les résistances
africaines à ce statut de laboratoire de la PESD, observées en Afrique australe en
particulier, sont peu étudiées, mais riches d'enseignement. Cette analyse, qui repose sur
plusieurs terrains d'études menées sur les relations UE-Afrique et sur des entretiens avec
des acteurs institutionnels, essentiellement européens, entend mener à une relecture de
l'influence des acteurs et réalités africaines sur des acteurs tiers, dépassant l'étude plus
courante des influences exogènes sur le continent africain. Notes, réf., rés. en français et
en anglais. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
69 Richens, Peter
The economic legacies of the "thin white line": indirect rule and the comparative
development of sub-Saharan Africa / Peter Richens - In: African Economic History: (2009),
no. 37, p. 33-102 : graf., krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; indirect rule; economic development.
This paper investigates whether the experience of colonialism, and in particular indirect
rule, has contributed to sub-Saharan Africa's (on average) poor economic performance
since independence, and if so which causal mechanisms have contributed to this
diminished economic performance. It argues that much of the existing literature on
colonial legacies overestimates the capacity of the colonial State and overlooks the most
important means by which the 'thin white line' (the number of European administrators
relative to the African population) maintained collaboration with indigenous elites. The
52
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
paper first examines the nature of indirect rule in Africa and the potential economic legacies
that have been identified in the literature. It then considers the closeness of administration,
its appropriateness as a measure of indirect rule and the significance of any variation
across colonial powers and time. The determinants of the white line are then discussed,
as well as its effects. The paper concludes that the relative thinness of the white line is
strongly related to economic performance since independence, and in a way that depends
on the nature of precolonial political institutions. App., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
70 Thomson, Susan
Emotional and ethical challenges for field research in Africa : the story behind the findings /
ed. by Susan Thomson, An Ansoms, Jude Murison. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan,
2013. - XIII, 169 p. ; 23 cm - Bibliogr.: p. 155-164. - Met index, noten.
ISBN 1137263741
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; Democratic Republic of Congo; Rwanda; Uganda; fieldwork;
professional ethics; anthropological research.
This book contains case studies from doctoral research in the Great Lakes Region of
Africa, notably in Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It
focuses on the ethical challenges and emotional pitfalls researchers are confronted with
before, during and after the field experience. Contributions: Introduction: why stories behind
the findings? (Susan Thomson, An Ansoms and Jude Murison); From humanitarian to
anthropologist: writing at the margins of ethnographic research in the Democratic Republic
of Congo (Luca Jourdan); The contested fruits of research in war-torn countries: my insider
experience in northern Uganda (Lino Owor Ogora); Dislodging power structures in rural
Rwanda: from 'disaster tourist' to 'transfer gate' (An Ansoms); Challenges of interviewing
political elites: a view from the top in post-war Burundi (Judith Vorrath); The RPF (Rwandan
Patriotic Front) control everything! Fear and rumour under Rwanda's genocide ideology
legislation (Larissa Begley); From scientific research to action in southern Kivu: ethical
dilemmas and practical challenges (Julie Van Damme); Research as 'social work' in
Kampala? Managing expectations, compensation and relationships in research with
unassisted, urban refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (Christina R.
Clark-Kazak); Nacibazo, 'no problem': moving behind the official discourse of post-genocide
justice in Rwanda (Yolande Bouka); Dealing with deceit: fieldwork encounters and lies in
Burundi (Lidewyde H. Berckmoes); Academic integrity and ethical responsibilities in
post-genocide Rwanda: working with Research Ethics Boards to prepare for fieldwork with
'human subjects' (Susan Thomson). [ASC Leiden abstract]
53
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA - GENERAL
71 Tomaselli, Keyan G.
Researchers as tourists and travellers / guest eds.: Keyan G. Tomaselli and Andrew
Causey. - Abingdon [etc.] : Routledge [etc.], 2012. - P. 233-446. : ill., foto's. ; 21 cm. (Critical arts, ISSN 0256-0046 ; vol. 26, no. 3) - Met bibliogr., noten en samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Botswana; Ethiopia; South Africa; anthropological research; travel;
North-South relations; professional ethics.
This special issue of 'Critical Arts' gathers accounts of research in ways that celebrate
subjectivity and narrative within academic writing. The title alludes to the involvement of the
researcher in the process of both creating and collaborating on ethnographic and/or
experiential logics. The African-focused articles in particular examine North-South issues.
Researchers often assume the position of the 'North' in that they are able to move freely
with their specialized visas and foundation grants paving the way, and that when they are
tourists first (researchers second), they often must take on the position of the 'South',
paying fees and duties, depending on themselves, not their connections. The articles reveal
insights into, for example, trance tourism in India, menstruation and coping strategies in the
Kalahari, religious reflexivity in Israel, shopping in Prague, reticence at a sentimental
religious theme park in the US, contestation during a Kalahari exchange, smoking in
Antarctica, and cultural tourism in the Australian outback. Articles on Africa: The
researcher's guide to Ethiopia: what travel guides don't tell you (Keyan G. Tomaselli);
Stumbling over researcher positionality and political-temporal contingency in South African
second-home tourism research (Gijsbert Hoogendoorn and Gustav Visser); Three women
and an object(ive) - experiences and insights from an encounter with the !Xoo in the
Kalahari Desert (Shoghig Balkian, Alison Copley and Kate Finlay); A performative
encounter with artist Silikat van Wyk in the Kalahari (Nhamo Anthony Mhiripiri). [ASC
Leiden abstract]
WEST AFRICA
GENERAL
72 Debos, Marielle
Dossier "Corps habillés : politique des métiers de l'ordre" / coordonné par Marielle Debos et
Joël Glasman - In: Politique africaine: (2012), no. 128, p. 5-120.
ASC Subject Headings: West Africa; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; armed forces; police; coups
d'état; drug policy; human security; national security; national parks and reserves.
Dans plusieurs pays d'Afrique, un terme unique permet de désigner sous un seul qualificatif
l'ensemble des hommes de l'ordre. Les "corps habillés", ou tout à la fois les policiers, les
soldats, les gardes, les douaniers, les gardiens de prisons. Le présent dossier explore les
54
WEST AFRICA - GENERAL
rapports qu'entretiennent avec le pouvoir d'État en Afrique de l'Ouest les professionnels de
l'ordre, tout à la fois instruments centraux de la surveillance et de la répression des
populations et de la contestation du pouvoir d'État. L'attention portée dans le dossier aux
contradictions qui traversent les métiers de l'ordre permet d'aller au-delà de l'étude du
professionnalisme. Les analyses partent de ce que les agents de l'ordre font et de ce qu'ils
disent, y compris lorsque ces pratiques, ces gestes, ces paroles, rompent avec la division
canonique entre "professionnel" et "politique". En étudiant de la même façon le
fonctionnement ordinaire, les expressions les plus spectaculaires de l'action politique
(mutineries, rébellions, coup d'État) et les modes détournés de l'action (rumeurs, dérision),
on se donne les moyens de rendre compte de la complexité des métiers de l'ordre. Titres
des contributions: Politique des corps habillés: État, pouvoir et métiers de l'ordre en Afrique
(Marielle Debos, Joël Glasman) (Introduction) - Maintenir l'ordre au Nigeria: vers une
histoire de la souveraineté de l'État (Olly Owen) - Les politiques de contrôle des stupéfiants
au Nigeria: centralisation, répression et insécurité (Gernot Klantschnig) - Anatomie d'une
unité mutine: le coup d'État de 1992 en Sierra Leone (Maggie Dwyer) - Les agents des
parcs nationaux au Sénégal: soldats de la participation? (Céline Ségalini). [Résumé ASC
Leiden ]
73 Lovejoy, Paul E.
The trans-Atlantic slave trade database and African economic history / ed. Paul E. Lovejoy,
José C. Curto. - Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin, 2010. - p. 1-191. : ill., krt., tab. ; 23
cm. - (African economic history, ISSN 0145-2258 ; vol. 38) - Met noten.
ASC Subject Headings: West Africa; slave trade; databases; conference papers (form); 2010.
The user friendly, open source, online database 'The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database'
(www.slavevoyages.org) contains the records of over 35,000 voyages. The database,
which is hosted at Emory University, builds on the pioneering work of Philip D. Curtin.
Subsequent demographic analysis of the forced migration of African peoples under slavery
resulted in a more elaborate database, viz. David Eltis, David Richardson, Stephen
Behrendt and Herbert S. Klein, published in 1999 on CD-ROM. The current online database
is a greatly expanded version incorporating the research of many scholars. The relevance
of the database in understanding African economic history was discussed at a workshop
organized in May 2010 by the Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on the Global
Migrations of African Peoples, York University. The workshop challenged some of the
achievements of this monumental collaboration and offered new insights into how the
impact of slavery on Africa can be assessed. Contributions: The Upper Guinea coast and
'The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database' (Paul E. Lovejoy) - The slave trade from the
Windward Coast: the case of the Dutch, 1740-1805 (Jelmer Vos) - The supply of slaves
from Luanda, 1768-1806: records of Anselmo da Fonseca Coutinho (Daniel B. Domingues
da Silva) - Reexamining the geography and merchants of the West Central African slave
55
WEST AFRICA - GENERAL
trade: looking behind the numbers (Filipa Ribeiro da Silva and Stacey Sommerdyk) - The
registers of liberated Africans of the Havana Slave Trade Commission: transcription
methodology and statistical analysis (Henry B. Lovejoy) - Extending the African names
database: new evidence from Sierra Leone (Suzanne Schwarz). [ASC Leiden abstract]
BURKINA FASO
74 Breusers, Mark
'Every name has its path': imagining and achieving Fulbe entanglement in a Moose
community / Mark Breusers - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 3,
p. 457-478.
ASC Subject Headings: Burkina Faso; Fulani; Mossi; ethnic relations; pregnancy rites; birth rites.
Given the observed agro-pastoralization of livelihoods of both Moose 'farmers' and Fulbe
'herdsmen', interactions between both groups living in Burkina Faso's north-central region
are usually interpreted in terms of vanishing symbiosis and increasing tension along ethnic
lines. There is, however, a remainder to this equation, namely the cattle Moose entrust to
Fulbe. This article looks into Fulbe involvement in solving Moose fecundity problems to
elucidate the nature of the relationships in which cattle entrustment is embedded. It is
argued that Moose ideas about the other world and its intervention in procreation and
constituting personhood allow imagining an extension of Moose societal relations beyond
conventional community boundaries, that is, including Fulbe. This extension can be
subsequently - but not necessarily - effectuated through the establishment and
performance of spiritual kinship in which cattle owned by Moose can be embedded. The
divergent extent to which sustained Moose-Fulbe relations result is explained in terms of
social controversy regarding agro-pastoralization of livelihoods accompanied by differential
cattle accumulation. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
75 Fénéon, Alain
Le projet de loi sur la médiation au Burkina Faso: prémice d'un droit africain de la médiation
/ par Alain Fénéon - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 881, p. 425-439.
ASC Subject Headings: Burkina Faso; arbitration; commercial law.
L'État burkinabè a engagé depuis 2000 une politique de réforme dans le sens de la
libéralisation de l'économie et de la promotion du secteur privé. On note, dans le monde en
général, une tendance à privilégier les méthodes de conciliation plutôt que les procédures
contentieuses, pour faciliter le dialogue entre les parties dans les questions issues de toute
relation de caractère commercial, contractuel ou non contractuel. Aidé par la Banque
mondiale, le gouvernement au Burkina Faso a été conduit à réfléchir à un cadre juridique
pouvant régir un système de médiation, afin d'améliorer le climat des affaires et de
56
WEST AFRICA - BURKINA FASO
l'investissement. Avec le projet ADR AFR Burkina (Alternative Dispute Resolution) de l'IFC
(International Finance Corporation de la Banque mondiale), il s'agit de faciliter le règlement
des litiges par le développement des modes alternatifs de règlement des différends. Le
projet de loi tel qu'adopté par le gouvernement burkinabè a pour objectif premier
d'améliorer l'accès à la justice en matière civile et commerciale. Ce projet s'articule autour
de différents principes généraux qui gouvernent la procédure de médiation (première
partie). L'accent est mis particulièrement sur le respect du principe de liberté contractuelle,
le choix et les qualités du médiateur pour instaurer la confiance, et sur la communication
entre les parties. Ce projet est original et se démarque notamment, par les effets qu'il
confère à la médiation, des textes comme le Code de procédure civile régissant la
médiation judiciaire (seconde partie). Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
76 Toe, Souleymane
La responsabilité civile du banquier dispensateur de crédit à une entreprise en difficulté en
droit OHADA à partir de l'exemple du Burkina Faso / par Souleymane Toe - In: Penant:
(2012), année 122, no. 879, p. 151-205.
ASC Subject Headings: Burkina Faso; French-speaking Africa; Subsaharan Africa; banking law;
international law; credit; liability; OHADA.
La présente étude sur la responsabilité civile du banquier dispensateur de crédit est menée
sous l'angle du droit positif burkinabè et du droit communautaire OHADA, ainsi que,
comparativement, de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence du droit français dont ils s'inspirent.
Si le crédit est nécessaire, voire indispensable pour l'entreprise, cependant il comporte des
dangers lorsqu'il est consenti de façon inconsidérée. Pour ne pas perturber le dispositif
juridique de crédit aux entreprises, les contours de la responsabilité civile du banquier
dispensateur de crédit doivent être bien définis. Autrement dit, à partir de conditions de
fond établies (première partie), le syndic doit pouvoir engager l'action en responsabilité
contre le banquier dispensateur de crédit à l'entreprise en difficulté (deuxième partie).
Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
GHANA
77 Agyekum, Kofi
The ethnopragmatics of Akan compliments / Kofi Agyekum - In: Legon Journal of the
Humanities: (2010), vol. 21, p. 13-38.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Akan; customs; sociolinguistics; interpersonal relations.
In this paper, the author examines compliments in Akan, Ghana, from an ethnopragmatic
point of view. The author analyses Akan compliments within the framework of politeness.
He also considers the ethnographic situations within the Akan society where compliments
57
WEST AFRICA - GHANA
are employed. The areas where the data was collected include Akan adverts, Akan football
commentary, classrooms, praise poetry for chiefs, public speeches, folksongs, dance and
hunting. The author looks at types of compliments, namely (1) appearance, (2) character
and comportment, (3) performance and (4) possession. The author also examines the
structure and language of compliments, response to compliments and functions of
compliments. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
78 Amlor, Martin Q.
Cultural synthesis: Euro-African musical elements/idioms in Roman Catholic Church liturgy
in the Volta region of Ghana / Martin Q. Amlor - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 34-50.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; church music; traditional music; liturgy; Catholic Church; Ewe.
Before the advent of Europeans in Ghana, the performance styles that were rooted in a
particular musical type were often dictated by the nature of the social event during which
the music was performed. However, from the 20th century onwards, the impact of Western
culture on African musical culture resulted in a new musical genre that incorporated both
Western and African musical elements/idioms. This cultural synthesis led to new ways of
using Ghanaian traditional music to indigenize Christian worship. The present paper
examines these Euro-African musical idioms in Roman Catholic Church liturgy among the
Ewe of Ghana's Volta Region. Note, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
79 Anderson, Jemima Asabea
"If your dress gets missing, I shall buy one": compliments and compliment response
strategies in English in Ghana / Jemima Asabea Anderson and Charity Afisem
Asiama-Ossom - In: Legon Journal of the Humanities: (2010), vol. 21, p. 127-162 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; language usage; English language; customs; sociolinguistics;
interpersonal relations.
This study reports an analysis of compliments and responses to compliments by selected
speakers of English in Ghana. The analysis is based on a combination of participant
observer schedules and recall protocol questionnaire. The population for the study is drawn
from speakers of English selected from a university in Ghana. The findings of the study
show that in making and responding to compliments, speakers of English in Ghana show
positive transfer of complimenting strategies from Ghanaian languages and cultures into
the English language spoken in Ghana. These transferred elements, which are typical
structures that are used to pay compliments in many Ghanaian languages, give the English
language that is spoken in Ghana its distinctive pragmatic features. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal
abstract]
58
WEST AFRICA - GHANA
80 Arthur Shoba, Jo
English in the mix : evolving roles of English in the language practices of Twi speakers in
Ghana / Jo Arthur-Shoba and Millicent Quarcoo - In: Language Matters: (2012), vol. 43, no.
1, p. 77-96.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Twi language; English language; codeswitching; language usage.
Twi is the most widely spoken indigenous language of Ghana, also used in the broadcast
media, especially radio; English, the former colonial language, is the official language, and
the main language of the education system and print media. However, English is now
gradually encroaching on domestic and informal domains, and younger urban speakers are
increasingly shifting towards English as a first language. This article is concerned with
language alternation between Twi and English in informal conversation. Participants in the
conversations examined here were of different generations and educational backgrounds.
Analysis was approached from both a structural and a sociolinguistic perspective. The data
reveal developing patterns in the contact between the grammars and lexicons of Twi and
English. They also reflect associations and values attached to Twi and English respectively,
and to code-switching as a communicative mode of everyday interaction in Ghanaian
society. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
81 Bacho, Francis Z.L.
Institutionalising a community based agro-ecological management system for livelihood
sustainability: challenges and prospects of the Goziir experiment in Upperwest Ghana /
Francis Z.L. Bacho and Samuel Z.Bonye - In: Legon Journal of Sociology: (2010), vol. 4,
no. 1, p. 19-37.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; sustainable agriculture; livelihoods; agrarian reform; farming
systems.
This paper examines the ability of peasant farmers to craft a self-regulatory institution to
reinvigorate their agro-ecological system in the Goziir community of the Upper West Region
of Ghana. Interactive qualitative data collection tools, such as inter-generational narratives,
case histories, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used. This
approach has resulted in a high sense of commitment, acceptance of sound conservation
and farming practices, compelling compliance, minimizing the risks of cross-boundary
hazards, and has improved livelihoods. It is recommended that communities be engaged in
policy formations and the setting up of community management systems, resources be
redirected to community-based management groups and people's knowledge be
appreciated as basis for development interventions. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract,
edited]
59
WEST AFRICA - GHANA
82 Gyampo, Ransford E.
Chiefs and electoral politics in Ghana's Fourth Republic / Ransford E. Gyampo - In:
Humanities Review Journal: (2008), vol. 8, p. 10-26.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; chieftaincy; politics; elections.
With the advent of a modern democratic dispensation in Ghana many of the roles
previously played by the chiefs were taken over by the State, leaving the chiefs with
virtually no political role in national governance. The Fourth Republic's Constitution of 1992
explicitly bans chiefs from active partisan politics. This paper examines the fairness of this
constitutional injunction and the actual role played by chiefs in Ghana's electoral politics on
the basis of interviews with 50 Ghanaian MPs and some two hundred respondents from the
general public. There is evidence to support the assertion that chiefs have abandoned the
spirit of the constitutional injunction that bars them from partisan politics. This could either
be the result of political pressure from politicians or a deliberate attempt on the part of the
chiefs to assert their influence in politics. Five general elections have been held since the
inception of the Fourth Republic. In all elections, chiefs played a key role in influencing the
outcomes, directly or indirectly. Since the integrity of chiefs ought to be protected, the
article recommends the creation of a second chamber of parliament, whose membership
should include chiefs elected by the Regional House of Chiefs. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden
abstract]
83 Jerven, Morten
Briefing: for richer, for poorer : GDP revisions and Africa's statistical tragedy / Morten
Jerven - In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 138-147 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Ghana; gross national product; statistics.
On 5 November 2010, Ghana Statistical Services announced a revision of the GDP
estimates upwards by over 60 percent, suggesting that in previous GDP estimates
economic activitities worth about 13 billion US dollars had been missed. After the revision,
which had a factual grounding and was done according to the book, a range of new
activities was accounted for. As a result Ghana was suddenly upgraded from a low-income
to a lower-middle-income country. In the fall of 2011 Nigeria also announced a forthcoming
upward revision of its GDP. This briefing traces how the development community reacted to
the news of the upward revision and clarifies how Ghana became a lower-middle-income
country overnight. The author explains how GDP is typically calculated from a 'base year'
estimate that serves as a basis for future estimates. The IMF statistical division
recommends a change of base year every five years, but many African statistical offices
make estimations on a base year that is out of date, as was the case in Ghana, and in most
statistical offices data are poorly available. The author concludes that, because of the poor
60
WEST AFRICA - GHANA
statistical capacity of African countries, any ranking of countries according to GDP levels is
misleading. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
84 Leissle, Kristy
Cosmopolitan cocoa farmers: refashioning Africa in Divine Chocolate advertisements /
Kristy Leissle - In: Journal of African Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 121-139 :
foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; cocoa; advertising; women farmers; images.
This article concerns a beguiling set of advertisements for Divine Chocolate that feature
women cocoa farmers from Ghana, which recently appeared in British magazines and
newspapers. In contrast to representations of African women as exotic icons of 'traditional'
cultures or leaders of progressive development schemes, the Divine advertisements depict
farmers as cosmopolitan consumers of luxury goods and owners of the chocolate company.
By representing these Ghanaian women as glamorous business owners, the images invite
viewers to see them as potent actors in transnational exchanges of cocoa and chocolate,
and as beneficiaries of these exchanges, in contrast to analyses that focus on market
exploitation by the nation state or corporate actors. The images pose a challenge to
narratives that cast Africa as continually on the losing side of harmful binaries primitive/civilized, traditional/modern - and in an eternal developmental lag. Instead, they
offer an alluring female figure that envisions and promotes Africa's roles in industrial
production and luxury consumption. Through a complex rendering of Ghanaian women
farmers as attractive, socially mobile beneficiaries of their own development efforts, the
adverts invite connections among people who grow, sell, and consume luxuries like
chocolate, across a visual gulf that is often too vast to bridge. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
85 Lentz, Carola
S. W. D. K. Gandah (1927-2001): intellectual and historian from northern Ghana / Carola
Lentz - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 3, p. 343-355.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; traditional rulers; intellectuals; local history; biographies (form).
S.W.D.K. (or Kumbonoh) Gandah (1927-2001) was the son of an influential chief and
witnessed first-hand the way the conflicts, pressures and transformations of colonial rule
played out on the ground in northern Ghana. Belonging to the first generation of educated
northerners, he put his literary and intellectual attainments to original use throughout his
life. In addition to an autobiography (The Silent Rebel), he wrote a history of his father
(Gandah-yir), extracts from which are published in this issue of 'Africa' (p. 356-367). This
introduction discusses the author's development as a writer and local historian. It analyses
his ambivalent perspective on Chief Gandah's life, as loyal son, but also critic of many
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WEST AFRICA - GHANA
aspects of village life - a perspective typical of a first generation of indigenous intellectuals
who embodied both a traditional upbringing and new values instilled through Western
education. The article looks at Kumbonoh's reflections on the task that he set himself for his
Gandah-yir manuscript, namely reconciling oral tradition, local memories, and written
history in an attempt to produce a historical account not only for his immediate family and
the wider Dagara community, but for a broader readership as well. Bibliogr., notes, ref.,
sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
86 Maier, Donna J.E.
Precolonial palm oil production and gender division of labor in nineteenth-century Gold
Coast and Togoland / Donna J.E. Maier - In: African Economic History: (2009), no. 37, p.
1-32 : ill., graf.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; German Togoland; palm oil; gender division of labour; 1800-1899.
This paper examines traditional methods of manufacturing palm oil in what is today
southeastern Ghana and southern Togo in order to shed light on how communities in the
area were able to accomplish significant expansion of palm oil in the 19th century. It
demonstrates that communities in the Gold Coast and Togoland responded somewhat
innovatively to European demand for palm oil. Traditional, labour-intensive methods of
producing high quality oil, carried out by women, could never have met the quantities
demanded by the European export market. Instead, a pit method was developed for
producing low quality oil for the export market, that utilized male as well as female labour.
The relatively basic technological changes made it possible for the indigenous economy to
adapt to the increased external market. Some alteration and redesignation of labour and
gender relations occurred and production moved from the household to the sphere of
lineage heads and small share farmers, but production for local markets remained in the
hands of women. The social and economic consequences of palm oil production in the area
were never revolutionary because the internal markets were able to cushion slumps, booms
and busts in the external markets. Ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
87 McCauley, John F.
Africa's new big man rule? : Pentecostalism and patronage in Ghana / John F. McCauley In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 1-21 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; patronage; social networks; leadership; Pentecostalism.
The concept of 'big man rule', conventionally invoked to refer to a kinship-based
relationship between patron and client, is now finding application in the charismatic
Pentecostal movement in Africa. This article explores why new Pentecostalism emerges as
an alternative to traditional clientelism, and how well the analogy of big man rule applies. It
traces the Pentecostal form of big man rule to four socio-economic transformations:
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WEST AFRICA - GHANA
ongoing weakness in the State's ability to provide social welfare; a change in social values
in the wake of the global financial crisis; expanding State control over customary activities;
and urbanization. Drawing on data collected from both patrons and clients in Ghana, the
article shows that Pentecostalism mirrors traditional big man rule by encouraging members
to break from their past, to trust leadership, and to commit exclusively to their religious
social network. Among church leaders, Pentecostalism also encourages internal
competition and the provision of social services. Most importantly, the movement creates
pay-off structures that replicate the exchange of resources for loyalty central to big man
rule. The implication is that Pentecostalism's success as an alternative informal institution is
not a function of Weberian ethics or occult spiritualities, but rather its ability to fill voids left
by the State and to provide new social networks. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
88 Murillo, Bianca
The 'modern shopping experience': Kingsway Department Store and consumer politics in
Ghana / Bianca Murillo - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 3, p.
368-392 : ill.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; retail trade; trading companies; consumers; modernization.
Despite the perception that department stores are a recent phenomenon in West Africa,
modern indoor retail spaces have existed in its major cities since the mid-twentieth century.
This article uses the history of Kingsway Department Store in Accra as a lens to understand
emerging political, economic and social tensions in postcolonial Ghana. Drawing on United
Africa Company (UAC) records, staff reports and inspection findings, as well as local
newspapers, advertising and oral interviews, the author demonstrates how legacies of
colonial capitalism, struggles for political independence and negotiations over what
constituted the 'modern' fuelled both local and foreign support of the project. For the UAC,
investment was an opportunity to legitimize its activities in a newly independent Ghana and
a means to shed its image as a colonial merchant firm. While local authorities were divided
on whether large-scale retail developments should be part of an expanding postcolonial
city, Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah thought the store might provide a key component in
constructing his vision of a new modern nation. However, the presence of white-collar
working women, young managers supervising older employees, and the mixing of white
expatriate and African shoppers exacerbated social conflicts, challenging local and colonial
notions of authority based on race, gender and age. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English
and French. [Journal abstract]
89 Ofori-Kwakye, Eric
The influence of local gin bitters advertisements on the consumption behaviour of
Ghanaians / Eric Ofori Kwakye - In: Legon Journal of Sociology: (2010), vol. 4, no. 1, p.
1-18 : fig., tab.
63
WEST AFRICA - GHANA
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; alcoholic beverages; advertising; consumption.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether local gin bitters adverts influence the
consumption behaviour of Ghanaians. The study uses a mixed methods approach though it
remains largely quantitative. A semi-structured questionnaire comprising mainly of
open-ended and some closed-ended questions was used to gather data from 160 alcohol
users. The major finding indicates that consumers of local gin bitters, irrespective of their
level of education, were not influenced by their knowledge of the alcohol content of the
drink and as such followed the "peripheral route" to drinking. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal
abstract, edited]
90 Secovnie, Kelly O.
Translating culture in West African drama / Kelly O. Secovnie - In: Journal of African
Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 237-247.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Nigeria; drama; social relations; translation.
"Translation" has shown itself a key feature of the West African literary tradition, revealing
the value placed on translation within the cultures of Ghana and Nigeria. Several works by
Ghanaian writers feature a translation figure (the "Linguist"), who, rather than translating
between different languages, translates ideas and words among different categories of
people within the same language. Following a description of the figure of the Linguist in
Akan culture, this article provides an analysis of the Linguist in the works of earlier
Ghanaian and Nigerian playwrights like Joe DeGraft and Wole Soyinka, and later ones like
Jacob Yirenkyi and Tess Osonye Onwueme. Apart from showing the value of translation
and the translator to the cultures represented, West African plays demonstrate the function
of intracultural translation as a method to highlight and critique power differentials based on
gender and class, as well as the power of translation to intervene in the political system.
Some playwrights utilize female translator figures in their plays, highlighting potential places
of power for women. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
IVORY COAST
91 Loùkou, Gaha Bi
Côte d'Ivoire le "rattrapage ethnique" sous Alassane Ouattara : fondements, pratiques et
conséquences / sous la dir. de Gaha Bi Loùkou ... [et al.]. - Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2012.
- 200 p. : ill., krt. ; 22 cm. - (Etats, pouvoirs et societes) - Bibliogr.: p. 179-181. - Met noten,
samenvatting.
ISBN 9782336002149
ASC Subject Headings: Côte d'Ivoire; ethnic conflicts; plural society; political violence.
64
WEST AFRICA - IVORY COAST
Le présent ouvrage propose une analyse de la situation actuelle en Côte d'Ivoire. Il entend
déconstruire des notions telles que l'"ivoirité" et dénoncer l'usage partisan de la force. Il
condamne la promotion quasi exclusive des Ivoiriens originaires du nord de la Côte d'Ivoire
aux fonctions dans l'administration ivoirienne et dans la chaîne de commandement dans
les institutions civiles, militaires et de sécurité. Cette promotion a été jusifiée en 2012 par le
chef de l'État ivoirien Alassane Ouattara comme une mesure de justice sociale qu'il a
lui-même qualifiée de "simple rattrapage", car les Nordistes ont été exclus des nominations
sous le président Laurent Gbagbo - alors que selon les auteurs, Laurent Gbagbo a, avec
Félix Houphouët-Boigny, fait participer le plus grand nombre de communautés de base à la
vie politique nationale. La thèse défendue par le présent ouvrage est que le gouvernement
de la Côte d'Ivoire sous le président Alassane Ouattara se livre à une politique d'épuration
ethnique, divisant et hiérarchisant les peuples de Côte d'ivoire au profit des seules
communautés du Nord et dans une perspective de vengeance, et que cette politique a une
certaine filiation avec le nazisme. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
92 Placide Tama, Jean-Nazaire
La notion de crime contre l'humanité et les événements politiques en Côte d'Ivoire: regard
critique sur des cas d'homicide de masse / par Jean-Nazaire Placide Tama - In: Revue
juridique et politique des États francophones: (2012), année 66, no. 1, p. 72-94.
ASC Subject Headings: Côte d'Ivoire; political conflicts; offences against human rights; 2000;
national identity.
La Côte d'Ivoire a connu en octobre et décembre 2000 des conflits politiques liés entre
autres à la question de l'identité ivoirienne. Ces conflits ont conduit à des événements
tragiques au cours desquels l'intégrité physique de certaines tranches de la population était
menacée. Un charnier de cinquante-sept corps a été retrouvé à Yopougon; on a compté
plusieurs centaines de blessés et de disparus sur tout l'ensemble du territoire ivoirien. Le
présent article présente un résumé du contexte sociopolitique de la crise, avec la montée
du nationalisme, et un exposé des faits d'infraction, y compris les cas de torture et de viol
dans la première partie. Dans la seconde partie, il propose une appréciation des faits à
l'aune de diverses conventions qualifiant ces violations des droits de l'homme et des lois et
coutumes de la guerre. Il s'agit de déterminer si les transgressions en question peuvent
être qualifiées de crime contre l'humanité. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
93 Schumann, Anne
A generation of orphans: the socio-economic crisis in Côte d'Ivoire as seen through popular
music / Anne Schumann - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p.
535-555.
ASC Subject Headings: Côte d'Ivoire; popular music; urban youth; economic recession.
65
WEST AFRICA - IVORY COAST
Côte d'Ivoire has travelled full circle from economic success (from 1960 to about 1979) to
failure (from the 1980s onwards) in little more than a generation. In the early 1990s,
zouglou, today Côte d'Ivoire's internationally best-known music, emerged at the student
residences of the University of Abidjan in the Yopougon quarter. The young people who
were to become the 'zouglou generation' were precisely the generation that bore the brunt
of this economic deterioration. Zouglou was born at a time when, as a result of an
unprecedented economic crisis and the attendant structural adjustment measures,
university students experienced a general downgrading not only as students but also as
future graduates hoping to find employment. In addition, the number of students and school
pupils who were unable to complete their education grew considerably during this time. As
this article demonstrates, these phenomena had a profound influence on the development
of the philosophy associated with zouglou music. Accordingly, zouglou singers have called
themselves the 'sacrificed generation'. Indeed, the many songs about orphans in zouglou
music can be read as a symbolic statement about this experience: the sense that Ivoirian
youth have been abandoned by their elders, their families and the political authorities is
unmistakable in the words of zouglou songs consoling such (metaphorical) orphans.
Zouglou music has become an important platform through which this generation has been
able to express itself, as well as a site for oral street poetry and collective catharsis. The
article discusses the content of these songs, as well as interviews with zouglou singers on
this matter, to investigate how zouglou, as a cultural phenomenon, grew out of the
experience of a generation. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal
abstract]
LIBERIA
94 Kieh, George Klay
Peace agreements and the termination of civil wars: lessons from Liberia / George Klay
Kieh, jr - In: African Journal on Conflict Resolution: (2011), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 53-85.
ASC Subject Headings: Liberia; peace treaties; civil wars; ECOWAS.
On Christmas Eve in 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), a rebel group led
by Charles Taylor, a former official of the Doe regime, launched a military attack against the
north-central region of Liberia from a base in neighbouring Côte d'Ivoire. Understandably,
the Doe regime launched a counter-offensive. The resultant 'tugs and pulls' degenerated
into Liberia's first civil war (1989-1996). Concerned about the adverse impact of the war on
sub-regional security, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the
sub-regional organization, intervened in the conflict using, among others, a peacemaking
approach that revolved around various peace accords. However, the initial sixteen peace
accords failed to end the war. Finally, the Abuja II Peace Accord ended the blood-bath.
What factors accounted for these outcomes? The initial sixteen peace agreements were
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deficient in terms of one or more of the elements that have to be dealt with for the
successful implementation of a peace accord - ranging from the 'spoiler phenomenon' to
the lack of enforcement. In contradistinction, the success of the Abuja II Peace Agreement
was anchored in the fact that the requisite steps were taken to ensure the effective
operationalization of the battery of elements required for success. For example, the
Taylor-led NPFL's perennial role as the 'spoiler' was addressed by the unwillingness of
Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire, the warlord militia's two major supporters, to continue to
acquiesce in the warring faction's obstruction of the peacemaking process. Also, ECOWAS
developed the political will to enforce the agreement, including the threat of establishing a
war crime tribunal. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
MALI
95 Badjaca, Boubacar
Le règlement des exceptions de litispendance et de connexité au Mali / par Boubacar
Badjaca - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 880, p. 336-359.
ASC Subject Headings: Mali; legal procedure.
Le Code de procédure civile, commerciale et sociale du Mali réunissant les dispositions
communes à toutes les juridictions civiles, commerciales et sociales, traite des moyens de
défense. Parmi ces moyens de défense, la litispendance et la connexité sont des
exceptions de procédure. Il y a litispendance lorsqu'un même différend est porté devant
deux juridictions distinctes et également compétentes pour en connaître. Contrairement à
la litispendance, il y a connexité lorsqu'il existe entre les litiges portés devant deux
juridictions distinctes un lien tel qu'il est de l'intérêt d'une bonne justice de les faire instruire
et juger ensemble. Ces deux exceptions connues en droit interne et international peuvent
faire l'objet d'un contredit ou d'un appel selon que les décisions sur ces questions touchent
ou non le fond. L'analyse montre que ces deux notions, certes distinctes, produisent des
conséquences voisines. Notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais [Résumé extrait de la
revue]
96 Hagberg, Sten
Socio-political turmoil in Mali: the public debate following the coup d'état on 22 March 2012
/ Sten Hagberg and Gabriella Körling - In: Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p.
111-125.
ASC Subject Headings: Mali; coups d'état; 2012; political stability; mass media.
On the night of 21 March 2012, a group of young military officers overthrew Mali's
president, Amadou Toumani Touré. The group justified the coup by citing the inability of the
regime to both deal with the crisis in the North and provide the army with the appropriate
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material and manpower to defend the national territory. The coup plunged Mali into
violence, and caused a de facto partition of the country. The sociopolitical turmoil pitting
different political and armed factions against each other has continued unabated and has
been accompanied by intense mass media debates. In this report the authors focus on the
Malian public debate. Looking at political class, the role of the international community, and
the partition of the country, they analyse representations and stereotypes prevailing in this
debate. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
97 Schraeder, Peter J.
Traditional conflict medicine? : lessons for putting Mali and other African countries on the
road to peace / Peter J. Schraeder - In: Nordic Journal of African Studies: (2011), vol. 20,
no. 2, p. 177-202.
ASC Subject Headings: Mali; conflict resolution; Tuareg; rebellions; democracy.
The primary thesis of this article is that Mali's success during the 1990s in resolving a
six-year conflict between the government and a northern-based insurgency among the
Tuareg ethnic group was primarily due to the emergence of democratically elected elites
who sought recourse to traditional mediation practices that are derivative of Mali's
precolonial independence era; what one group of Africanists has referred to as "traditional
conflict medicine". The analysis focuses on traditional Malian mediation practices that have
served as the centrepiece of a veritable "culture of peace" and that continue to pervade
contemporary Malian society. It is argued that recourse to these practices will be critical to
resolving Mali's Spring 2012 crisis that included the return of heavily armed insurgents to
northern Mali amidst civil war in Libya, a military coup d'état that ended two decades of
democratic rule, and the secession of northern Mali as the independent country of Azawad.
A concluding section assesses the practical lessons from Mali's experience during the
1990s that potentially can be of use to observers interested in facilitating the resolution of
Mali's 2012 conflict as well as those in other parts of the African continent. Bibliogr., note,
ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
98 Skinner, Ryan Thomas
Cultural politics in the post-colony: music, nationalism and Statism in Mali, 1964-75 / Ryan
Thomas Skinner - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p.
511-534 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Mali; musical groups; nationalism; cultural policy.
This article examines the shifting experience of national belonging and State patronage at a
crucial juncture in Mali's postcolonial history, the ten-year period (1964-1975) that marked
the end of the country's First Republic (1960-1968) and the beginning of its Second
Republic (1968-1991). The focus is on the contested politics of culture that characterized
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this period, elucidated through the experiences and expressions of two popular dance
bands, Las Maravillas de Mali, whose members were trained in Cuba in 1964-1965, and
Les Ambassadeurs du Motel, the house band of the Motel de Bamako, formed in 1972.
Through oral history, recorded sound, and documentary evidence, the author explores the
ways members of the two bands accommodated and negotiated the 'nationalist' and
'Statist' regimes of Mali's socialist Frist Republic and the subsequent military dictatorship.
By following the postcolonial careers of Las Maravillas and Les Ambassadeurs the author
examines social and musical encounters with national community and State authority from
which broader questions of political sovereignty and accountability emerge. Bibliogr., notes,
ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract, edited]
99 Whitehouse, Bruce
The force of action: legitimizing the coup in Bamako, Mali / Bruce Whitehouse - In: Africa
Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 93-110 : ill.
ASC Subject Headings: Mali; coups d'état; 2012; legitimacy.
The coup d'état that occurred in Bamako, Mali, in March 2012 brought a previously
unknown army captain named Amadou Sanogo to power. This paper analyses Malian
media reports to explore how Sanogo and his associates sought to legitimize their takeover
with reference to local conceptions of heroism, power and destiny, and how Sanogo's
public image resonated with time-honoured narratives about heroic figures in Malian
culture. This case demonstrates that understanding religious world views is essential for
understanding the workings of political power. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and
German. [Journal abstract]
NIGERIA
100 Adebanwi, Wale
Glocal naming and shaming: toponymic (inter)national relations on Lagos and New York's
streets / Wale Adebanwi - In: African Affairs: (2012), vol. 111, no. 445, p. 640-661.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; United States; place names; commemorations; urban environment.
Streets are sites of hegemony and counter-hegemony, of inclusion and exclusion, of
incorporation and expulsion, and of cooperation or conflict. Thus, in the cultural geography
of cities, commemorative street names are critical sites of social reproduction.
Commemorative street naming is both an historical referent as well as a spatial
designation. Recent literature on toponymy calls attention to such practices as important
cultural and political arenas for understanding sociopolitical processes, but often focuses on
the politics and sociality of street naming within local, national politics to the exclusion of
how local politics intersects with international politics. This article examines the politics of
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spatial inscription and the social reproduction of 'place' or 'space' on a street corner in New
York City named after Kudirat Abiola, an assassinated woman activist in Nigeria, and the
retaliatory renaming by the military regime of a Lagos street hosting the US Embassy after
the African American anti-establishment activist Louis Farrakhan. Subsequently, the next
democratic government of Nigeria renamed the street, this time after the US ambassador,
the African American Walter Carrington. Toponymy, the article concludes, can thus be seen
as a form of retortion in international relations. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
101 Adelegan, Olatundun Janet
Firm performance around announcements of changes in corporate leadership : evidence
from Nigeria / Olatundun Janet Adelegan - In: Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences:
(2009), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 99-110 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; enterprises; management; investment returns.
This study analyses changes in firm performance around announcements of changes in the
top management of corporate firms in Nigeria from 1997 to 2005. Data were obtained from
the Nigerian Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The study
covers all companies, drawn from all sectors, quoted on the first and second tiers of the
Nigerian capital market, that made changes in their board composition during the study
period. It concludes that a change in the top management of a company affects the
organization's performance and therefore shareholders'wealth. Bibliogr., note, sum.
[Journal abstract]
102 Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba
Corruption and economic crime in Nigeria / Daniel Egiegba Agbiboa - In: African Security
Review: (2013), vol. 22, no. 1, p. 47-66 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; corruption; commercial crimes; international agreements.
The focus of this paper is on the social and economic aspects of corruption in Nigeria.
Given the increasingly borderless nature of corruption and economic crime, the paper
argues that a successful control campaign requires a coordinated response that will fuse
domestic and international strategies. While the paper is wholly committed to the strategy of
depriving criminals of their ill-gotten wealth, it acknowledges that the success that law
enforcement agencies have had around the world in ‘taking the profit out of crime’ has been
hitherto unimpressive. Drawing on the United Nations Convention against Corruption
(UNCAC), particularly Article 20, the paper argues that governments in developing
economies should adopt the radical strategy of taxing unaccountable wealth and
criminalizing illicit enrichment. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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103 Agwuele, Augustine
Indexicality of 'wón': Yoruba language and culture / Augustine Agwuele - In: Journal of
African Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 195-207 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Yoruba language; Yoruba; world view.
The Yoruba pronoun 'wón' is equivalent to the English pronoun they, and can occur in
various syntactical constructions including passives. Indefinite pronouns of passive
constructions by definition are silent about the identity of their subject. However, Yoruba
peoples' cultural interpretation attributes definiteness, concreteness, and agency to the
indefinite pronoun 'wón' in specific usages. Based on the study of utterances obtained from
popular, contemporary usages, and individual narratives all featuring the passivized
pronoun 'wón', this article examines Yoruba habitual practices. It argues that understanding
the cultural meaning of 'wón' is invaluable for understanding the Yoruba peoples' habitual
view of causality in addition to the way it guides their interpersonal interactions. Further,
'wón' is shown to index a certain Yoruba worldview and to guide their efforts to achieve
their presumed goals of earthly existence. The article does four things: (1) it explicates the
content of the pronoun 'wón', exemplifying its various manifestations in contemporary
popular Yoruba usages; (2) it shows the spiritual foundation of 'wón'; (3) it provides
evidence to argue for its cultural continuity in spite of modernity and western/eastern
religious traditions; and (4) it discusses its place in the sociopolitical continuity and identity
formation of Nigeria's Yoruba peoples. Bibliogr., note, sum. [Journal abstract]
104 Akanji, Olajide O.
Women, gender question and political leadership in Nigeria : 1999-2007 / Olajide O. Akanji
- In: Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences: (2009), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 111-125 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; women; politics; women parliamentarians; gender inequality.
This article examines the nature of political power relations between men and women in
Nigeria between 1999 and 2007. It argues that the character of the Nigerian State, electoral
violence, extensive monetization of the electoral process, politicization of political
appointments and portfolios, government removal of political appointees ("use and dump
policy"), and militarization of the political process reinforced the gender question and
undermined women's contributions to national development. It concludes that the fact that
Nigeria is a signatory to gender-related international instruments imposes a legal obligation
on the country to protect women's rights, including the right to adequate representation in
government. Bibliogr., ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
105 Akintunde, Dorcas Olu
The impact of Christian women organisations on the Nigerian society / Dorcas Olu
Akintunde - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 113-131.
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ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; women's organizations; Christianity.
In the community development discourse little attention has been paid to the contribution of
women to society. In an attempt to fill this gap, the present article examines the role of
Christian women's organizations in Nigeria. It first gives an overview of Christian women's
organizations and groups and their characteristics, as well as their role in the development
of the Church. Next, it examines the impact of Christian women's groups in society, notably
in education, health care, and philanthropic activities such as prison visitation. The article
concludes that although these organizations have a tremendous impact on society, much
more can be done in their pursuit of a holistic ministry. Notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden
abstract]
106 Akinwale, Akeem Ayofe
The informal sector as a catalyst for employment generation in Lagos State, Nigeria /
Akeem Ayofe Akinwale - In: African and Asian Studies: (2012), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 315-344 :
tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; informal sector; employment; employment creation; social networks;
on-the-job training; occupational choice.
Unemployment remains high in Nigeria due to disintegration between the formal and
informal sectors, among other factors. While the unemployed largely focus on the formal
sector in search of jobs, there is inadequate interest in the informal sector. Yet, this sector
provides livelihoods for the majority of the population. This paper examines the informal
sector as a catalyst for generating employment in Lagos State, Nigeria, using the Social
Capital Theory and a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected from 480
apprentices, 40 masters, 20 journeymen, and 120 members of various communities
through a structured questionnaire, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs), respectively. The findings showed that 64.8 percent of the
respondents reported parental sponsorship of vocations in the informal sector, 14.2 percent
of the respondents were self-sponsored, and the remainders (18.5 percent and 2.5 percent)
were reportedly sponsored by their relatives and masters. Awareness of opportunities for
self-employment in the informal sector was demonstrated by 71 percent of the respondents.
However, 66.3 percent of the respondents thought that schooling could be better than
vocations in the informal sector. Planning for self-employment was significantly influenced
by several factors including gender, age, occupation of the mother, career plan, and
satisfaction within the informal sector. The informal sector is vital for survival of youth in
Lagos State, Nigeria. This sector should be supported for poverty eradication and
entrepreneurial development. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
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107 Alanamu, Temimola
The "way of our Fathers" : CMS missionaries and Yorùbá health in the nineteenth century /
Temimol Alanamu - In: Lagos Historical Review: (2010), vol. 10, p. 1-27.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Yoruba; missions; health care; 1800-1899.
This article examines the conflicts between missionaries and the Yorùbá, regarding health
and healing in nineteenth- century Yorùbáland, Nigeria. An in-depth analysis of missionary
interventions in indigenous medical therapy is reconstructed using the journals and letters
of CMS missionaries from 1846-1890. With Abeokuta as a case study, it is argued that
precolonial CMS missionaries attempted to abolish indigenous Yorùbá medical practices.
However, they were unsuccessful. The reasons for this failure constitute the focus of this
article. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
108 Ayantayo, Jacob Kehinde
The phenomenon of change of name and identity in Yorùbá religious community in the light
of social change / Jacob Kehinde Ayantayo - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 1-16 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; personal names; acculturation; identity; African religions;
Pentecostalism; social change; Yoruba.
In the context of global social change, change of name is a practice common among
members of Nigerian Pentecostal churches. This paper is concerned with the implications
of name change for the identity of the individuals concerned, their families and their
communities, among Nigeria's Yoruba. Following an examination of the significance of
traditional names within the Yoruba religious community, the paper shows that some of the
agents of social change in the Yoruba religious community are Christian missionaries of
different denominations. Through Western education, they have influenced African beliefs
and practices. The paper argues that Christian names are not superior to traditional names,
and that any change that makes people or individuals lose their identity would do away with
peoples' culture. Ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
109 Davies, Lanre
Distributive network in Egbaland, 1880-1950 / Lanre Davies - In: Lagos Historical Review:
(2010), vol. 10, p. 68-81 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; distribution; transport; 1880-1889; 1890-1899; 1900-1949.
The paper examines the various means of distribution (both indigenous and modern) in
pre-colonial and colonial Egbaland, Nigeria. The various distributive networks - trade routes
and means of transportation - facilitated rapid economic activities not only in Abeokuta and
its environs alone but also between Egbaland and other areas, especially Lagos, in the
period 1880-1950. It also discusses the forces that shaped the character and form of the
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distributive network within the context of continuity and change. These forces actually aided
the existence of an effective means of transportation without which economic activities in
Egbaland could not have undergone the upsurge it experienced. In fact, the natural
resources of a particular society, especially a developing one, can only be meaningfully
tapped with the existence of an effective means of transportation that links different
locations of these natural resources with various markets everywhere. However, the
inclusion of Egbaland in the colonial economy, even though it improved the distributive
network in Egbaland, did not stimulate internal exchange. The railway passing through
Egbaland and linked by several feeder roads headed straight to the ports. There were few
inter-village/town linkages and little attempt was made to use roads and railways as a
stimulus for internal exchange. Notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
110 Du Plessis, Theodorus
Special issue: Language politics in Africa / guest ed.: Theodorus du Plessis. - Oxford :
Routledge, 2012. - p. 125-282. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Language matters, ISSN 1022-8195 ; vol. 43,
no. 2) - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; South Africa; Tanzania; language policy.
The contributions to this special issue broadly cover three overall themes in language
politics, i.e. language diversity, conflict and the politics of integration; language policy and
politics in education (schools and higher education); and language policy and politics in the
linguistic landscape. Contents: ‘The greasy pole of dehumanisation’: language and violence
in South Africa (Anne-Marie Beukes); The evolution of national vocabulary in Nigeria:
implications for national cultural integration (Felix Ogoanah); What is the future of Greek in
South Africa? Language shift and maintenance in the Greek community of Johannesburg
(Allistair McDuling and Lawrie Barnes); Language-in-education policy development in
Tanzania: an overview (Eustard Tibategeza and Theodorus du Plessis); Managing
multilingualism in higher education in post-1994 South Africa (Vic Webb); The North-West
University language policy: a glimmer of hope and flashes of red lights (Themba Ngwenya);
Translated for the dogs: language use in Cape Town signage (Tessa Dowling); The role of
language policy in linguistic landscape changes in a rural area of the Free State Province of
South Africa (Theodorus du Plessis). [ASC Leiden abstract]
111 Ebenso, Bassey
Using indigenous proverbs to understand social knowledge and attitudes to leprosy among
the Yoruba of southwest Nigeria / Bassey Ebenso ... [et al.] - In: Journal of African Cultural
Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 208-222.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Yoruba; leprosy; proverbs; attitudes.
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Following a systematic analysis of 23 proverbs obtained from ethnographic research and
from literature searches, this article presents the cultural knowledge and attitudes about
leprosy in Yorubaland, southwest Nigeria. The analysis indicates that contrary to
fragmentary evidence portraying Yoruba attitudes to leprosy as entirely negative, there is a
mixed pattern of social responses to leprosy which range from drastic exclusion to empathy
and acceptance of people affected by leprosy. The authors show that there is sufficient
evidence to demonstrate that leprosy-related proverbs are used both as channels of social
control and as a medium of knowledge production about leprosy. The fact that social
interactions are saturated with metaphorical language in Yoruba culture makes the analysis
of proverbs a valuable tool for identifying aspects of social discourse that influence
stigmatization of disabled people. An interesting discovery of this research is that modern
technology and social networking sites such as Facebook provide a new forum for the
dissemination and preservation of proverbs and this article shows that proverbs are not part
of an unchanging past but instead part of contemporary understandings of the world. App.,
bibliogr., note, sum. [Journal abstract]
112 Ebohon, Sylvanus I.
Feminizing development : the political sociology of female tokenism in the Nigerian project /
Sylvanus I. Ebohon - In: African and Asian Studies: (2012), vol. 11, no. 4, p. 410-443 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; gender inequality; women; government policy; political participation;
political action; Niger Delta conflict.
This paper interrogates the phenomena of gendered development and gendered
opportunity structures in Nigeria, based on women and governance in the postcolonial
period, and the role of women in the Niger Delta resource control struggle. It is argued that
while female participation has recorded steady growth, there is a discordant relationship
between quantitative growth in women's participation and women's empowerment. The
rising female profile under President Goodluck Jonathan in the national executive space
marks the rise of a top-down approach to feminization, and the capacity of women to carve
autonomous political space may be limited by the declining profile of a bottom-up approach
to female presence in elective offices. Suffering considerable limitations in terms of access
to resources for production such as land, capital and labour, women remain fringe players
in the national political process, being denied sufficient space in the decision making
structures of the State. The role of women in the struggle for resource control in the Niger
Delta has been characterized by "expressive activism" (such as peaceful marching, round
table negotiations and open appeals), mainly in support of the "instrumental activism" of the
men. The author concludes that women's activism marks, at best, "token feminization of the
struggle". App., bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
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113 Egbo, Obiamaka
Security votes in Nigeria: disguising stealing from the public purse / Obiamaka Egbo ... [et
al.] - In: African Affairs: (2012), vol. 111, no. 445, p. 597-614.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; national security; public expenditure; corruption.
The practice of misappropriating and stealing huge sums of public money under the guise
of enhancing national security has come under increasing scrutiny in Nigeria. This article
investigates the history and practice of the use of so-called security votes, and shows how
the ambiguity and secrecy associated with the concept of national security has helped
institutionalize unaccountable governance at all levels of government. Tracing the use and
abuse of security votes from the military regime of General Babangida to the present
democratic era, the article argues that the misappropriation of security votes has expanded
in recent years. It suggests that the problem is rooted in the rentier nature of the Nigerian
State, not in the inadequacy of fiscal rules, and concludes that it will remain difficult for
citizens to hold their leaders to account as long as the country continues to depend on oil
rents. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
114 Ehianu, Wilson E.
Holy Aruosa Cathedral in Benin : historical and phenomenological perspectives / Wilson E.
Ehianu - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 51-65 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; religious buildings; African religions; Christianity; inculturation; Edo.
This paper discusses the Holy Aruosa Cathedral, Church, Temple or Shrine - as it is
variously called - in Benin City, Nigeria. About six hundred and fifty years old, Aruosa
predates early Portuguese missionary contact with the Benin kingdom, contrary to popular
belief that it is a relic of missionary presence in the area. The name 'cathedral' may be
misleading, as the religious centre is neither a church, nor are the worshippers Christians.
Based on Bini direct worship of God ('Osanobua'), the Bini world view permeates Aruosa's
doctrine, rituals and usage. The paper examines the history of Aruosa including its
encounter with the early Portuguese missionaries; its architectural design, symbols and
emblems; its organizational structure including the levels of authority; Aruosa's doctrine and
theology. Furthermore, it discusses a regular Sunday service in which the author
participated and concludes with a look at Aruosa's future. Ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
115 Ekundayo, A.T.
Progressive unions and development in O'kunland, 1900-1950 / A.T. Ekundayo - In: Lagos
Historical Review: (2010), vol. 10, p. 101-119.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; development; colonial administration; elite; associations;
1900-1949.
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The development process in O'kunland, Nigeria, like in any other society, has been
complex and problematic. Problematic, in the sense that new forces impinged on the
society making local communities unable to determine their own destiny. Prominent among
these forces were the British whose mode of operation and pattern of development entailed
the restructuring of the existing socio-economic and political order for their own
administrative convenience and economic exploitation. In the new colonial environment,
there emerged a generation of young elite who, by the middle of the 1930s, would not just
accept at face value colonial policies and actions. Interested in the development of their
area, this elite formed different progressive associations to actualize their aspirations.
Though without much physical impact, they helped to focus attention on burning local
issues, coordinated and articulated reactions against colonial policies in O'kunland. This
paper discusses colonial socio-economic superstructure and the role of the emergent elite
in responding to various communal challenges. It also focuses on the moves by unions,
such as the Mopa Youth Patriotic Union (MYPU), the Yagba Progressive Union (YPU), and
the Egbe Progressive Union (EPU), to forestall socio-economic backwardness. Notes, sum.
[Journal abstract]
116 Faleye, Adeola A.
Facial marks (ila-kiko): a dying art among the Yoruba? / Adeola A. Faleye - In: Humanities
Review Journal: (2008), vol. 8, p. 49-58.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Yoruba; tattooing.
The art of beautifying the body with various marks has been practised for centuries by the
Yoruba of Nigeria. There are two basic categories of body marking among the Yoruba facial marking and general body marking. This article examines the role of the 'Oloola', the
creative professionals involved in the art of 'ila kiko' (facial markings). It discusses the art of
facial marking, sociological beliefs involved, taboos, and the reception of facial markings for
identification or beautification purposes. In recent times, attitudes towards facial marks
have changed and many Yoruba now desist from patronizing the 'Oloola'. The culture of
tribal marks is dying out, especially markings that used to be given to the first male child or
the last offspring, and marks in memory of a relative are being discarded. Many adults who
sport facial marks would rather not have them. The author argues that the 'Oloola' could
become relevant once more by adapting traditional designs to modern patterns that are
now popular among youth worldwide. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden abstract]
117 Familusi, O.O.
A religious-ethical evaluation of electoral malpractices in Nigeria / O.O. Familusi - In: Orita:
(2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 89-112.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; elections; fraud; ethics; religion.
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Nigeria's democracy has been continuously threatened by electoral malpractices, including
falsification of figures, ballot box snatching, vote buying, intimidation of opponents and
political violence. The first and second republics were truncated largely due to fraudulent
electoral processes and their effects. This issue has been addressed by scholars mainly
from a political perspective. However, the present article argues that a religious-ethical
dimension is needed. It examines Islamic ethics as well as Christian ethics in connection
with elections and gives recommendations on how to achieve credible elections by applying
religious moral values. Notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
118 Haynes, Jonathan
Reflections on Nollywood / ed. Jonathan Haynes. - Bristol : Intellect, 2012. - 133 p. : foto's. ;
25 cm. - (Journal of African cinemas, ISSN 1754-9221 ; vol. 4, no. 1) - Met bibliogr., noten,
samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Ghana; Nollywood; cinema; films.
The phrase 'Nollywood Studies' has begun to be used to refer to an established body of
work and academic field. This special Nollywood issue of the Journal of African Cinemas
illustrates the maturing of this field. The four essays included are different in subject matter
and framing, but they all address the place of the Nollywood video film industry in Nigerian
society. Three of them work explicitly (and the fourth perhaps implicitly) with the image and
theme of Nollywood as providing a 'mirroring' or 'reflection' of that society. John C. McCall
examines Nollywood as a creative industry based in Africa's informal sector. He argues
that this informality prevents the video industry from establishing financial legitimacy.
Carmen McCain discusses how Nigerian filmmakers respond to discourses surrounding
filmmaking in Nigeria through using techniques of metafiction to theorize their roles as
professionals and cultural mediators. Lindsey Green-Simms investigates the ways that
Nollywood films are involved in the moral policing of the postcolonial subject both by
challenging the State's moral failings and by enacting its ideological violence. In particular,
she analyses Kabat Esosa Egbon's film 'Beautiful Faces' (2004). Finally, Akin Adesokan
appraises Nollywood's current vitality, but in relation to the celluloid-formatted films
produced in Nigeria in the 1970s and 1980s which, he argues, continue to inform the
aesthetic and ethical principles of the globally circulating works. The issue concludes with a
bibliography of academic work on Nigerian and Ghanaian video films (Jonathan Haynes).
[ASC Leiden abstract]
119 Igboin, Benson Ohihon
Religion and rebranding in Nigeria : towards an alternative consciousness / Benson Ohihon
Igboin - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 66-88.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; ethics; governance; images; national identity; Christianity.
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Nigeria's image invokes negative responses from outsiders as well as citizens. This
situation incited a rebranding campaign. The present paper argues that this campaign is not
only cosmetic, but also dead in achievement. This is the springboard for a critical
alternative consciousness. The paper utilizes analytical and moral paradigms to arrive at
the conclusion that the rebranding campaign itself should be rebranded, or an outright
alternative be embraced through the reinvention of shame culture, the resurgence of
prophetic pragmatism, or a revolution at personal and corporate levels. But the question is:
can Nigeria afford the cost of the latter? Ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
120 Iwilade, Akin
"Green" or "red"? : reframing the environmental discourse in Nigeria / Akin Iwilade - In:
Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 157-166.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; environmental management; NGO; democratization.
This paper investigates the role of environmental social movements and NGOs in the
struggle for democracy in Nigeria. In particular, it examines how environmental issues,
specifically in the oil-rich Niger Delta, have come to symbolize the Niger Delta communities'
craving for greater inclusion in the political process. The paper argues that because of
linkages to the nature of economic production, environmental crises have been particularly
useful in driving the democracy discourse in Nigeria. By linking environmental crisis to
democratization and the interactions of power within the Nigerian federation, NGOs and
social movements have been able to gain support for environmental causes. This may,
however, have dire implications for the environmental movement in Nigeria. Because
ownership, not necessarily sustainability, is the central theme of such discourse on
resource extraction, social movements may not be framing the environmental discourse in
a way that highlights its unique relevance. The paper concludes by making a case for
alternative methods of framing the environmental discourse in a developing-world context
like that of Nigeria. Bibliogr., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
121 Iwuagwu, Obi
Nigeria and the challenge of industrial development: the new cluster strategy / Obi Iwuagwu
- In: African Economic History: (2009), no. 37, p. 151-180 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; industrial development; industrial policy.
The quest for rapid industrialization to facilitate economic development has remained the
focal point of successive Nigerian administrations since independence. This is
demonstrated by the multiplicity of industrial policies and strategies initiated and
implemented over the last five decades. That the industrial sector currently contributes only
4 percent to the national GDP is an indication that these policies were either not properly
implemented or were not successful at all. This paper outlines the various industrial
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policies implemented in the country since 1960, before focusing on the new industrial
strategy introduced in 2007, the so-called Cluster Concept. This strategy would create a
community of businesses located together where members would seek enhanced
environmental, social and corporate performance towards effective global competitiveness.
It would also enable government to concentrate infrastructure and other amenities
necessary for the effective operation of business in these locations. The Nigerian situation
is compared to that of India, which has had similar experiences in industrialization. The
difference appears to be in policy implementation and consistency. Notes, ref. [ASC
Leiden abstract]
122 Iyanya, Victor
Towards a resuscitation of indigenous iron technology among the Igede of central Nigeria /
Victor Iyanya - In: Journal of African Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 223-236 :
foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Igede; iron forging.
Indigenous iron working was the only means by which the Igede of central Nigeria sourced
their various kinds of iron objects, which served as farming implements and weapons for
hunting or battle in precolonial times. However, with the commencement of colonial
activities in the area, there was a gradual shift of emphasis from locally made iron objects
to those that were traded into the area from outside. This shift continued steadily and has
so far culminated in a complete neglect of the practice in contemporary times.
Consequently, relics abound in many parts of Igede as evidence of extensive indigenous
iron working that took place in such places in the past. This article provides a close
examination of the point at which the practice actually began to decline, and the factors that
were principally responsible for the decline. In the end, pragmatic suggestions are
advanced on ways of reviving the practice, not only as a way of restoring an invaluable
aspect of the people's cultural heritage, but also as a way of enhancing the local economy
of the people. App., bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
123 Liadi, Olusegun Fariudeen
Multilingualism and hip hop consumption in Nigeria: accounting for the local acceptance of
a global phenomenon / Olusegun Fariudeen Liadi - In: Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no.
1, p. 3-19.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; popular music; multilingualism.
Hip hop music has enjoyed global popularity and patronage on a level that has transcended
that of most other music genres. The Nigerian version of hip hop music has been
overwhelmingly accepted by youth in the country irrespective of class, religion and social
status. However, there is some speculation as to what factors are responsible for the recent
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sudden boom in the popular consumption of this genre among Nigerian youth, since hip
hop has already been a feature of the musical landscape in Nigeria since the 1980s. On the
basis of qualitative data, thirty in-depth interviews with hip hop fans and six key informant
interviews with club DJs, this study establishes the centrality of multilingualism as a primary
reason for the widespread acceptance of hip hop among Nigerian youth. Especially the
appropriation of various Nigerian local languages in hip hop is seen as a major factor in its
unprecedented success. Bibliogr., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract, edited]
124 Loimeier, Roman
Boko Haram: the development of a militant religious movement in Nigeria / Roman Loimeier
- In: Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 137-155.
ASC Subject Headings: Northern Nigeria; Nigeria; Islamic movements; fundamentalism.
Since 2009, the radical Muslim movement in northern Nigeria known as Boko Haram has
become widely known in Western media for both its militant actions and its
ultra-fundamentalist programme. This analysis examines Boko Haram from a historical
perspective, viewing the movement as a result of social, political and generational
dynamics within the larger field of northern Nigerian radical Islam. The contribution also
considers some of the theological dimensions of the dispute between Boko Haram and its
Muslim opponents and presents the different stages of militant activity through which this
movement has gone so far. The article shows that movements such as Boko Haram are
deeply rooted in northern Nigeria's specific economic, religious and political development
and are thus likely to crop up again if basic frame conditions such as social injustice,
corruption and economic mismanagement do not change. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in
English and German. [Journal abstract]
125 Makinde, A.K.
Religion, democracy and the shari'ah conundrum in Nigeria / A.K. Makinde - In: Orita:
(2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 179-193.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Islamic law; democracy.
The return of Nigeria to civilian rule in 1999 brought with it political and religious issues
which led to serious nationwide tensions. Notably, the implementation of sharia law first in
Zamfara state, and later in eleven other states in northern Nigeria, gave rise to violent
controversies in the country. The implementation of Islamic law was seen by many as a
threat to democracy, but the protagonists saw it as a constitutional right. This article looks
at the historical background to this religious debate and relates it to present developments.
It analyses Nigerian claims and counterclaims with respect to sharia, and suggests ways in
which the issue can be handled with a view to achieving sustainable democracy. Notes,
ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
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126 Momodu, A. Jude
The implications of religious conflicts for national security in Nigeria / A. Jude Momodu and
Essiere Ekop Edem - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p. 17-33.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; interreligious relations; conflict; national security; Christianity; Islam.
This paper examines the perennial violent religious conflicts, especially between Muslims
and Christians, in Nigeria and the implications of these conflicts for the country's national
security. Religious violence usually results in colossal loss of lives and destruction of
property. It impedes socioeconomic development, social cohesion and political stability. In
order to curb the proliferation of religious conflicts in Nigeria, the paper proposes a
multipronged approach - political, security, economic and social - to deal constructively with
the immediate and root causes of religious conflicts. Ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
127 Musa, Adeniyi
Religious integration and religious tension among the Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria:
syncretism in the practice of Islam / Adeniyi Musa - In: Orita: (2010), vol. 42, no. 1, p.
164-178.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Yoruba; interreligious relations; syncretism; Islam.
Yorubaland in southwestern Nigeria can be described as a religious melting pot. It is a
region where traditional religious practices co-exist with Islam and Christianity and where
new religions have been syncretized with aspects of indigenous religion. However, there
are also some areas of religious tension among the Yoruba. This article outlines the
introduction and spread of Islam in Yorubaland, syncretism and religious integration among
Yoruba Muslims, and aspects of religious tension in Yorubaland. The latter include the way
in which traditional festivals are celebrated, the limitations on the movements of people,
especially women, at certain times during festivals, the extension of traditional religious
celebrations to areas of Muslim domination, and the emergence of militant religious groups.
Notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
128 Musa, Aliyu Odamah
Socio-economic incentives, new media and the Boko Haram campaign of violence in
Northern Nigeria / Aliyu Odamah Musa - In: Journal of African Media Studies: (2012), vol. 4,
no. 1, p. 111-124.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Northern Nigeria; Islamic movements; violence; mass media.
This article examines the emergence of the extremist Islamist Boko Haram sect that is
perpetuating a reign of violence in Northern Nigerian cities, focusing on the factors that
aided its rise. It first takes a look at the changing political and socioeconomic situation in the
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country, especially from the early 1980s when, despite the oil boom, people's standard of
living started to deteriorate. On the basis of field research conducted in Northern Nigeria
and interviews with Nigerians in the UK, the author argues that Boko Haram uses religion
as a decoy, while its main motivation is economic. It is able to capitalize on the extreme
poverty in the region to increase its number of followers. Furthermore, the growing use of
new media like the internet and the mobile phone contributes to the success of the
movement's campaign. The author suggests economic empowerment and dialogue as
countermeasures. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
129 Ogisi, Arugha A.
Socio-economic factors in the evolution of popular music in southwestern Nigeria / Arugha
A. Ogisi - In: Humanities Review Journal: (2008), vol. 8, p. 59-71.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; popular music; music history.
This article examines socioeconomic factors which played a role in the evolution of popular
music in southwestern Nigeria during the period 1900-1990. In the early 20th century
amateur music groups were set up in Nigerian urban centres especially for migrants from
rural areas. During the Great Depression patronage of entertainment in general, and of
popular music in particular, was adversely affected and the period saw a decline in music
and dance events. The subsequent improvement of the economic situation and increasing
urbanization had a positive effect on music-making in southwestern Nigeria. The article
describes the evolution of popular music in various contexts - the street context, the context
of the palm wine bar, the hotel and night club context, and the context of overseas music
tours which brought musicians into contact with other bands and types of music. Attention
is also paid to music merchandising and promotion throughout the decades. Although the
recession of the 1990s dealt a devastating blow to popular music in the country, today there
are signs of a revival. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden abstract]
130 Ojo, Emmanuel O.
Democratisation in Nigeria / contrib. Emmanuel O. Ojo ... [et al.] - In: Journal of African
Elections: (2011), vol. 10, no. 1, p. 99-207 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; democratization; elections; judicial system; constitutional
amendments; corruption; election management bodies.
In 1999 Olusegun Obasanjo became Nigeria's third democratically elected president, thus
inaugurating the Fourth Republic. In five separate contributions, various aspects of
democratization in Nigeria are discussed. Emmanuel O. Ojo assesses public perceptions of
judicial decisions on election disputes, examining the role of the judiciary and its impartiality
in resolving election-related conflicts arising out of Nigeria's 2007 general elections. David
U. Enweremadu discusses the reform of the judiciary. He reviews several landmark cases
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in which the results of flawed elections in 2003 and 2007 were overturned and elected
officials restored to office, arguing that these judicial decisions and the new activist role of
the judiciary which produced them have helped to reinforce the role of the judiciary as a
vital instrument of political control and democratic stabilization. Christopher Isike and
Sakiemi Idoniboye-Obu examine how democracy fared in Nigeria between 1999 and 2009,
in particular Obasanjo's "third-term agenda", his alleged attempt to extend his rule beyong
the constitutionally prescribed limit of two four-year terms by means of an amendment to
the 1999 Constitution. Dhikru Adewale Yagboyaju focuses on the debilitating effects of
political corruption, or the general abuse of official positions and privileges, especially
through the rapid erosion of the autonomy and functionality of the State, as the explanation
for Nigeria's inability to harness its potential. J. Shola Omotola analyses the ongoing
electoral reform process and the prospects for the consolidation of democracy. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
131 Okurame, David E.
Group differences in the resolve to mentor of potential mentors / David E. Okurame - In:
Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences: (2009), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 143-153 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; on-the-job training; gender.
This study explored the resolve of potential mentors to assume future mentor roles within
the context of ongoing mentoring relationships and gender of mentor, using a sample of 70
male and 70 female potential mentors in Nigeria's work environment. The author
hypothesized that the resolve to mentor of respondents with male mentors would be
significantly higher than that of those with female mentors or no mentors. He also
hypothesized that male respondents in each of the study groups would be significantly
more resolved to mentor than female respondents. The study findings failed to fully support
either hypothesis. Moreover, while supporting the assertion that individual differences exist
in motivation to mentor, the findings do not suggest that the independent factors considered
in the study fully accounted for the total variance in resolve to mentor. Bibliogr., sum. [ASC
Leiden abstract]
132 Olapegba, Peter Olamakinde
Perceived quality of life : towards a generic measure in Nigerian culture / Peter Olamakinde
Olapegba - In: Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences: (2009), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 137-142 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; social welfare; attitudes.
This study was designed to develop and validate a generic perceived quality of life measure
for Nigerian culture so as to ensure the cultural relevance and validity of the concept of
quality of life. 122 randomly selected respondents with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years
old, a mean age of 28.7 and standard deviation of 9.9, took part in the study. The sample
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was drawn from Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, and Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State.
Results show that the measure has content validity (using 80 percent agreements of
experts). Reliability coefficient alpha is .87 while standardized item alpha is .87 with
correlation between forms of .68. Principal Component Analysis brought out seven factors:
contentment, relationship, social support, self-competence, self-health perception,
environmental relationship and recreation. It was concluded that this scale is a valid
measure of perceived quality of life among Nigerians. It also suggested that the study can
be improved in order to investigate multi-ethnic differences in the perception of quality of
life. App., bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
133 Olubomehin, O.O.
Road transportation, agriculture and trade in Western Nigeria after World War II / O.O.
Olubomehin - In: Lagos Historical Review: (2010), vol. 10, p. 82-100 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; road transport; agricultural products; agricultural exports; exports;
1950-1999.
This paper examines the role and impact of road transportation on the economy of
southwestern Nigeria after World War II. The focus is on how road transportation promoted
agriculture and trade. The study of the post-World War II period is important because it
enables us to examine two crucial elements in the economic history of Nigeria. On the one
hand is the pursuit of British colonial economic interests and on the other is the nationalist
agenda in the era of transition to self-rule. The post-World War II period is divided into two
phases: the first, from 1945 to 1952, covers the period of British administration of the
Western region of Nigeria. During this period, the colonial government used road
transportation as a means of pursuing its economic interests in Nigeria. This had been the
pattern of colonial rule since its inauguration in Nigeria at the beginning of the century. The
second phase runs from 1952 to independence in 1960. This was the era of the first
indigenous government in the Western region. From that date, the history of road
transportation in Nigeria took a new turn. Indeed, compared to the pre-1952 era when road
transportation was used to further colonial interests, the indigenous government began to
take concrete steps to transform the economy of the region and uplift the living conditions
of the people. In the pursuit of this, government used road transportation as an instrument
to bring about the desired social and economic transformation. Ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
134 Sani, Abubakar Babajo
Raw material production for export in Northern Nigeria: the experience of the people in the
livestock and allied industries under British rule c. 1900-1960 / Abubakar Babajo Sani - In:
African Economic History: (2009), no. 37, p. 103-127 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; Northern Nigeria; livestock policy; animal products; exports; colonial
economy.
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This paper investigates the ways in which the British colonial State exploited resources in
the livestock and related industries in Northern Nigeria, notably Borno and Hausaland, in
the period 1900-1960. After an outline of livestock production and trade in livestock and
related products in the precolonial Northern Nigerian economy, the paper examines
measures taken by the colonial government to re-orient the trade in livestock and related
products. Transformation was achieved mainly through increasing government control over
resources in the region. The single most important raw materials required by the colonial
State were hides and skins, followed at a distance by blood, bones, horns and hoofs, and
from the 1950s, also meat. All policies introduced in the livestock industry - taxation,
monetization, ordinances - were subordinated to the production of hides and skins. The
new structure was characterized by the export of raw or semi-processed materials and the
importation of manufactured goods at the expense of locally manufactured products. As a
result, the local livestock industry declined and became part of the periphery of the
Western trading system. Ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
135 Secovnie, Kelly O.
Translating culture in West African drama / Kelly O. Secovnie - In: Journal of African
Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 237-247.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Nigeria; drama; social relations; translation.
"Translation" has shown itself a key feature of the West African literary tradition, revealing
the value placed on translation within the cultures of Ghana and Nigeria. Several works by
Ghanaian writers feature a translation figure (the "Linguist"), who, rather than translating
between different languages, translates ideas and words among different categories of
people within the same language. Following a description of the figure of the Linguist in
Akan culture, this article provides an analysis of the Linguist in the works of earlier
Ghanaian and Nigerian playwrights like Joe DeGraft and Wole Soyinka, and later ones like
Jacob Yirenkyi and Tess Osonye Onwueme. Apart from showing the value of translation
and the translator to the cultures represented, West African plays demonstrate the function
of intracultural translation as a method to highlight and critique power differentials based on
gender and class, as well as the power of translation to intervene in the political system.
Some playwrights utilize female translator figures in their plays, highlighting potential places
of power for women. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
136 Shopeju, J.O.
The lifestyle of the mentally challenged in Abeokuta, Western Nigeria / J.O. Shopeju, C.A.
Onifade and A. Dipeolu - In: Legon Journal of Sociology: (2010), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 38-54 :
tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; social conditions; mentally disabled; urban life.
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This study examines how mentally challenged people who roam the streets of Abeokuta,
the capital of Ogun State, Nigeria, survive. Using a Pre-tested ten item behaviour
observation instrument (PTIBOI), the study shows that mentally challenged people tend to
cope at an above average level by keeping to the basic survival mechanism adopted by the
sane population. The paper also reveals that mentally challenged people are able to
survive under very harsh conditions despite the fact that they are stigmatized, abused and
sexually victimized. The authors' view is that the mentally challenged could be assisted or
re-trained to live normal lives. Non-institutional based programmes by non-governmental
agencies are therefore recommended. Bibliogr., notes, sum [Journal abstract]
137 Taliani, Simona
Coercion, fetishes and suffering in the daily lives of young Nigerian women in Italy / Simona
Taliani - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p. 579-608 : fig.
ASC Subject Headings: Italy; undocumented migrants; Nigerians; women; voodoo; rituals;
psychotherapy.
In the aftermath of social conflicts and urban violence between autochthons and migrants in
Italy in recent years, the question of how to control the growing number of illegal immigrants
is increasingly discussed in the language of zero-tolerance anti-crime campaigns. Traffic in
women has been a 'structural' social reality in the Italian migration landscape over the last
15 years, and is a prominent aspect of illegal female migration. These women are qualified
as 'victims of human trafficking' when they denounce their pimps. Most of their suffering involving psychological or psychiatric symptoms and requiring psychosocial support - is
expressed through an emic vocabulary that talks about fetishes, spirit possession,
witchcraft, sacrifice, debts, and spiritual and moral deliverance. This study, based on field
research in Turin at an Ethno-Psychiatric Service in which 50 Nigerian women participated,
addresses the following anthropological issues: the relationship between emic vocabulary
(so-called 'voodoo' or 'juju'), migration, and moral economies of violence; and the
intersection between symbolic violence and coercion, as experienced through sexual abuse
and/or ritual violence (occurring both in Nigeria and Italy, and also during the migration itself
in different countries such as Benin, Mali and Libya). The conclusion underlines the limits of
psychiatric and psychological therapeutical methods vis-à-vis the symptoms and traumatic
experiences that 'mark' these female bodies; and discusses the emergence of new forms of
postcolonial disorders affecting subjects who are at the mercy of compromised desires.
Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
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SENEGAL
138 Diop, Momar-Coumba
Sénégal (2000-2012) : les institutions et politiques publiques à l'épreuve d'une
gouvernance liberale / Momar-Coumba Diop (dir.) ; préf. de Jean Copans. - Paris [etc.] :
Karthala [etc.], cop. 2013. - 836 p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm. - (Hommes et sociétés, ISSN
0290-6600) - Met bibliogr., noten.
ISBN 9782811108786
ASC Subject Headings: Senegal; governance; government policy; national planning; State-society
relationship; economic policy; agricultural policy; educational policy; environmental policy; social
policy; telecommunications; 2000-2009.
Cet ouvrage collectif montre les réalisations, les innovations, mais aussi les espoirs déçus
ou les échecs de la gouvernance libérale au Sénégal entre 2000 et 2012. Il rend
notamment compte des initiatives et des projets initiés par le président de la République
Abdoulaye Wade dans certains secteurs, en marge des programmes en cours d’exécution
et met en lumière la nouvelle configuration du pouvoir central, l’ampleur des luttes d’intérêt
et les relations instables entre le privé et le public. Il explique comment les ressources et
les institutions publiques ont été gérées, tout en soulignant l’interventionnisme de la classe
dirigeante, en particulier dans le monde rural. Sommaire: Momar-Coumba Diop,
Introduction: Essai sur un mode de gouvernance des institutions et des politiques
publiques; 1. Gaye Daffé, Le pouvoir de l’argent et l’argent du pouvoir : la gestion de
l’économie sénégalaise 2000-2010; 2. Ousmane Ndoye, Le Gouvernement à l’épreuve de
la gestion du système de planification; 3. Carlos Oya et Cheikh Oumar Ba, Les politiques
agricoles 2000-2012 : entre volontarisme et incohérence; 4. Abdoulaye Diagne, Les
politiques agricoles : alignement sur les objectifs officiels et efficience; 5. Roos Willems,
L’approche filière au Sénégal : le défi relevé?; 6. Oussouby Touré, Sidy Mohamed Seck,
Fatou Planchon et Ibrahima Sylla, Dynamiques foncières et responsabilités sociétales de
l’État; 7. Sandrine Mesplé-Somps et Anne-Sophie Robilliard, Une croissance partagée?
Évolution de l’emploi et des indicateurs de pauvreté non monétaire 2001-2005; 8. Birahim
Bouna Niang, Politique industrielle et développement économique : le cas du Sénégal; 9.
Alfred Inis Ndiaye, Le partenariat social dans les années 2000 : une décennie perdue?; 10.
Moussa Samb, État des lieux de la justice. Réflexions sur une gouvernance en crise; 11. El
Hadji Omar Diop, Réviser la Constitution au Sénégal : consolider la démocratie ou
“honorer” le Président?; 12. E.H. Seydou Nourou Touré et Abdoulaye Tall, Chronique des
décisions prises en faveur du troisième âge entre 2000 et 2010; 13. Mohamadou Sall,
Mutations démographiques au Sénégal : enjeux pour le développement; 14. Abdoulaye
Diagne, Performances et défaillances du système éducatif (2000-2011); 15. Sophie
Lewandowski et Boubacar Niane, Acteurs transnationaux dans les politiques publiques
d’éducation: exemple de l’enseignement arabo-islamique au Sénégal; 16. Sophie Bava et
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Mamadou Youry Sall, Quête de savoir, quête d’espoir? L’étrange destin des étudiants
azharis sénégalais en Égypte; 17. Olivier Sagna, Les politiques publiques en matière de
télécommunications et de TIC (2000-2012): entre discours, réalisations et scandales; 18.
Oumar Kane, Les politiques publiques en matière de technologies de l’information et de la
communication. Harmonisation, convergence et gouvernance; 19. Jérôme Lombard,
Benjamin Steck et Sidy Cissokho, Les transports sénégalais: ancrages internationaux et
dérives locale; 20. Aminata Ndiaye et Paul Ndiaye, Changement climatique et contraintes
environnementales au Sahel : manifestations et adaptations au Sénégal; 21. Mame Demba
Thiam, Les inondations au Sénégal (2000-2011): une gestion erratique; 22. Oumar Cissé et
Salimata Seck Wone, La gestion des déchets de Dakar (2000-2012): l’imbroglio
institutionnel; 23. Sambou Ndiaye, Configuration et tendances récentes de la politique
publique de développement local (2000-2012); 24. Ibrahima Touré, Démocratie
participative, décentralisation, finances publiques et aide au développement. [Résumé
extrait de l'ouvrage]
139 Manga, Christian Thierry
Le Sénégal, quelles évolutions territoriales? / sous la dir. de Christian Thierry Manga. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2012. - 301 p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm. - (Études africaines) - Met noten.
ISBN 2296963099
ASC Subject Headings: Senegal; urban development; rural development; tourism; fisheries;
emigration; local government reform.
Au Sénégal, territoires et sociétés sont en pleine mutation. Dans les villes, il s'agit de la
métropolisation des périphéries rurales et la reconfiguration des espaces centraux sous la
pression des acteurs de l'informel. Dans les territoires ruraux du littoral se pose la question
du devenir des territoires traditionnels, ainsi que celle du tourisme et de la surexploitation
des ressources de pêche. Dans ce contexte de dynamique, la provincialisation apparaît
comme une alternative qui peut corriger les faiblesses de la décentralisation. Contributions:
Dynamique des espaces centraux et acteurs économiques au Sénégal: le cas de
Saint-Louis (Christian Thierry Manga); Les périphéries rurales et la métropolisation:
mutations et dynamiques territoriales: le cas de Dakar (Momar Diongue); Vers une
urbanisation touristique de la Petite Côte sénégalaise: l'exemple de l'axe
Saly-Portudal-Ngaparou-Somone (Marcel Mendy); Gestion durable de la pêche artisanale
sénégalaise et développement local face à la mondialisation (Ndeye Astou Niang); Les
spécificités de l'émigration sénégalaise vers les États-Unis en comparaison avec celle
orientée vers la France (Seydou Kante); Les élections locales, baromètre de la
citoyenneté? (Adama Ball); "Provincialisation" au Sénégal: entre nécessité et pertinence
pour la décentralisation (Christian Nala Mingou); Conclusion (Christian Thierry Manga).
[Résumé ASC Leiden]
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SIERRA LEONE
140 Grijspaarde, Huib van de
Who believes in witches? : institutional flux in Sierra Leone / Huib van de Grijspaarde ... [et
al.] - In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 22-47 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Sierra Leone; witchcraft; Gola; rural areas.
Witchcraft has been documented across the globe. The widespread occurrence of such
beliefs in modern Africa affects politics, economic development, and poverty alleviation.
Anthropologists have analysed the semiotics of African witchcraft, but there is less
information on distributional issues. An important question is which communities are most
affected, and why? Using data from a survey of 182 villages and 2,443 household heads in
the Gola Forest region of eastern Sierra Leone, the authors examine three manifestations
of witchcraft concerns, conflicts, and detection. They find that where patrimonial relations
of agrarian production remain strong, and in settings where market forces are now well
established, witchcraft is less of a concern. By contrast, witchcraft manifestations are higher
in communities experiencing the competing pull of patrimonial and market norms.
Witchcraft, they conclude, is a product of normative ambiguity. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
141 Johnson, Omotunde E.G.
Economic challenges and policy issues in early twenty-first century Sierra Leone / ed. by
Omotunde E.G. Johnson. - [London] : International Growth Centre, cop. 2012. - VI, 562 p. :
fig., graf., tab. ; 25 cm - Met bibliogr.
ISBN 9781907994081
ASC Subject Headings: Sierra Leone; economic policy; financial policy; banking; microfinance;
export promotion; land tenure; technical education; vocational education; entrepreneurs; food
security; mining policy; administration of justice; women's education.
50 years after independence, Sierra Leoneans announced a new determination to create
an environment that would foster rapid and sustained economic growth that is widely
beneficial to their own citizens. This book is the result of collaboration between the
International Growth Centre (ICG) and the Bank of Sierra Leone, and addresses issues of
policy reform in specific areas such as the financial sector, export promotion, education and
training, land tenure, the mining industry, food production and food security, and the justice
system. Point of departure is that policymakers can greatly improve the country's economic
growth prospects by designing and implementing policies over which they have adequate
control. Contributions are divided into five sections: I Introduction (Omotunde E.G.
Johnson); II Macroeconomics and financial sector issues (contributions by Robert Dauda
Korsu and Lansana Daboh, Omotunde E.G. Johnson, Olufemi Sallyanne Decker, and Hugh
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Kweku Fraser); III Private sector development and export promotion (contributions by
Omotunde E.G. Johnson, Marianna Belloc and Michele Di Maio, Christian Kingombe, and
Chukwu-Emeka Chikezie); IV The real sectors (contributions by Amara Idara Sheriff and
Ben A. Massaquoi, Joseph M. Kargbo, and Herbert P. M'cleod); V Governance and social
services (contributions by Alaina Varvaloucas, Simeon Koroma, Momo Turay and Bilal
Siddiqi, and Agnes J.S. Pessima). [ASC Leiden abstract]
TOGO
142 Coulibaley, Babakane D.
Une arlésienne dans le prétoire du juge de l'excès de pouvoir: retour sur les effets de l'acte
administratif occulte créateur de droits : à propos de l'ordonnance n° 2008-01 du 3 janvier
2008 de la chambre administrative de la Cour suprême du Togo : affaire: Chambre
nationale des huissiers du Togo c/le garde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice de la
République du Togo / par Babakane D. Coulibaley - In: Revue juridique et politique des
États francophones: (2012), année 66, no. 1, p. 19-33.
ASC Subject Headings: Togo; administrative law; judgments.
Cette étude concerne une affaire qui date de l'année 2008 et a pour cadre le système de
droit administratif au Togo. Il s'agit d'une demande de sursis à exécution d'un décret que ni
le demandeur, ni le défendeur n'étaient en mesure de produire sous forme matérielle, et
dont l'existence, ne pouvant se prévaloir d'aucune disposition textuelle, était ainsi rendue
invisible, d'où la comparaison avec l'"arlésienne". L'ordonnance rendue par le juge
relativement à la demande de susrsis présente un premier intérêt lié au contexte; elle vient
prendre place dans la série des actes juridictionnels annonciateurs de la renaissance du
contentieux administratif au Togo après un demi-siècle d'éclipse. Les citoyens restés
longtemps privés d'un mécanisme de défense juridictionnelle de leurs droits face à l'État
sont fondés à espérer de cette reprise d'activités de la chambre administrative de la Cour
suprême une meilleure soumission de l'Administration au droit. Le second intérêt de
l'ordonnance commentée n'est plus lié au contexte mais à la solution retenue dans l'affaire
dont était saisi le juge. Cette solution offre aux administrativistes ou autres "arrêtistes"
l'opportunité de commencer par scruter les linéaments de ce qui formera progressivement
une jurisprudence dont on sait le rôle en droit et contentieux administratifs. Il importe
d'évoquer et de s'interroger sur le régime juridique applicable à une demande de sursis à
exécution d'un acte administratif occulte créateur de droits. Dans la solution qu'il donne au
litige, le juge adopte une démarche guidée par deux types de raisonnement très contrastés
dans leur construction: si l'admission de la recevabilité du sursis apparaît comme une
solution juridiquement judicieuse (1ère partie), en revanche, le rejet du recours se présente
comme une solution contestable (2ème partie). Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
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143 Gardini, Marco
Land transactions and chieftaincies in southwestern Togo / Marco Gardini - In: Africa
Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 1, p. 51-72.
ASC Subject Headings: Togo; land tenure; land rights; chieftaincy.
Land access is becoming a crucial issue in many African contexts, where groups and
individuals are coping with land scarcity and increasing competition over resources. Based
on fieldwork carried out in the regions of Agou and Kpalimé in southwestern Togo, this
paper explores the forms of land transactions that have historically emerged in the area.
The paper aims to show the plurality and adaptibility of local forms of land tenure, as well
as the strategies developed by people in asymmetrical power relations to claim rights to
land in changing economic, political and social landscapes. These strategies range from
manipulation of group membership and land title registration to renegotiation of previous
sharecropping agreements. The paper also addresses the role played by chieftaincies in
securing land rights. Particular attention is paid to the historicity of the agreements
concerning cash crop economies known as 'dibi-madibi' (or 'deme') and 'nana', which not
only involved 'ethnic' divisions, but also gender, class and generational differentiations.
Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract, edited]
144 Gayibor, Theodore Nicoue Lodjou
Cinquante ans d'indépendance en Afrique subsaharienne et au Togo / sous la dir. de
Théodore Nicoué Gayibor. - Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2012. - 289 p. : ill., krt. ; 24 cm. (Études africaines) - Met bibliogr., noten.
ISBN 2336000733
ASC Subject Headings: Subsaharan Africa; Togo; politics; economic development; educational
policy; health care; women; sculpture; political history.
Cet ouvrage fait le bilan de 50 ans d'indépendance en Afrique subsaharienne, notamment
au Togo. Sommaire: Cinquante ans d'indépendance de l'Afrique subsaharienne: quel
bilan? (Théodore Nicoué Gayibor); Cinquante ans d'indépendance des États africains
francophones: bilan et perspectives (Domba Jean-Marc Palm); L'unité africaine: cinquante
ans après les indépendances: quel bilan? quel avenir? (Adimado Messan Aduayom);
Cinquante ans de discours sur l'unité nationale au Togo (1960-2010): les leçons d'une
politique toujours d'actualité (Koffi Nutefé Tsigbé); L'institution d'un parti unique en Afrique
noire ou l'illusion d'une unité nationale: l'exemple togolais (1961-1990) (Essohanam
Batchana); L'engagement dans les partis politiques au Togo: 1945-2005 (A. Pépévi
Kpakpo-Lodonou); Cinquante ans de développement bloqué ou les espoirs économiques
déçus (Edo Kodjo Maurille Agbobli); Cinquante ans de politiques éducatives en Afrique
francophone: un manque de réalisme: le cas de Togo (François Gbikpi-Benissan); Les
politiques éducatives et la construction nationale en Afrique noire des indépendances à nos
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jours: le cas de Togo (Namiyate Yabouri); Le centre hospitalier universitaire de
Lomé-Tokoin, cinquante ans après l'indépendance du Togo (1960-2010) (Komlan Kouzan);
Les obstacles à la recherche en Afrique sub-saharienne: cas du domaine biomédical
(Moustafa Mijiyawa); Le chemin parcouru par les femmes en cinquante ans
d'indépendance du Togo: état des lieux (Aminata Ayéva-Traoré); Les arts plastiques
cinquante ans après (Joseph Adandé). [Résumé ASC Leiden]
145 Maier, Donna J.E.
Precolonial palm oil production and gender division of labor in nineteenth-century Gold
Coast and Togoland / Donna J.E. Maier - In: African Economic History: (2009), no. 37, p.
1-32 : ill., graf.
ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; German Togoland; palm oil; gender division of labour; 1800-1899.
This paper examines traditional methods of manufacturing palm oil in what is today
southeastern Ghana and southern Togo in order to shed light on how communities in the
area were able to accomplish significant expansion of palm oil in the 19th century. It
demonstrates that communities in the Gold Coast and Togoland responded somewhat
innovatively to European demand for palm oil. Traditional, labour-intensive methods of
producing high quality oil, carried out by women, could never have met the quantities
demanded by the European export market. Instead, a pit method was developed for
producing low quality oil for the export market, that utilized male as well as female labour.
The relatively basic technological changes made it possible for the indigenous economy to
adapt to the increased external market. Some alteration and redesignation of labour and
gender relations occurred and production moved from the household to the sphere of
lineage heads and small share farmers, but production for local markets remained in the
hands of women. The social and economic consequences of palm oil production in the area
were never revolutionary because the internal markets were able to cushion slumps, booms
and busts in the external markets. Ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
WEST CENTRAL AFRICA
GENERAL
146 Kamwe Mouaffo, Marie-Colette
Le renvoi préjudiciel devant la cour de justice de la CEMAC: une étude à la lumière du droit
communautaire européen / par Marie-Colette Kamwe Mouaffo - In: Penant: (2012), année
122, no. 879, p. 206-233.
ASC Subject Headings: Central Africa; African courts; Communauté Économique et Monétaire de
l'Afrique Centrale; international courts; international law; conflict of laws; legal procedure.
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Le recours préjudiciel se définit comme un mécanisme de coopération entre les juridictions
nationales et la juridiction communautaire par lequel le juge national, au cours d'un
contentieux, surseoit à statuer, pour poser au juge communautaire une question
d'interprétation ou d'appréciation de validité relativement à une disposition communautaire
dont l'applicabilité est invoquée. L'objectif de la présente étude est de contribuer à une
lecture du renvoi préjudiciel, comme mécanisme de coopération entre le juge national et le
juge communautaire dans la création souhaitée d'une communauté de droit en Afrique
centrale. Avec le souci de la création d'une communauté de droit, la présente étude traite
plus particulièrement de la nécessité d'uniformisation du droit communautaire et de la Cour
de justice de la CEMAC à la lumière du patrimoine jurisprudentiel de la Cour de justice de
l'Union européenne. Le droit communautaire s'intègre immédiatement dans l'ordre juridique
national et est créateur de droits et d'obligations à l'égard de tous. Sa force est telle que le
juge national est appelé à appliquer le droit communautaire. Toute invocation d'un moyen
tiré du droit communautaire doit recevoir une réponse du juge national. Étudier le
mécanisme de renvoi préjudiciel invite préalablement à donner une compréhension de sa
philosophie générale à travers son bien-fondé (première partie), avant d'indiquer la
procédure (deuxième partie) qui permet en posant une question préjudicielle d'obtenir une
réponse à même d'uniformiser la jurisprudence communautaire. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC
Leiden]
CAMEROON
147 Assako Assako, René Joly
À propos de l'opération d'embellissement de Yaoundé, capitale d'Afrique centrale / René
Joly Assako Assako - In: Les cahiers d'outre-mer: (2012), vol. 65, no. 259, p. 371-393 :
foto's, krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; capitals; urban renewal; informal settlements; urban
development.
La communauté urbaine de Yaoundé (Cameroun) est dirigée depuis juin 2005 par un
Délégué du Gouvernement qui a pour cheval de bataille une opération d'embellissement de
la capitale camerounaise, qui suscite de nombreuses réactions. Grâce entre autres, aux
crédits issus de différents programmes de remise de dette dont le Contrat Désendettement
Développement (C2D), l'Initiative de l'Allègement de la Dette Multilatérale (IADM), ce super
maire nommé par décret présidentiel procède aux déguerpissements des quartiers
populaires anarchiques, à la construction d'infrastructures de transport et à la réalisation
d'espaces verts. Ces aménagements transforment considérablement la physionomie de la
capitale camerounaise. Mais, il s'agit d'une opération controversée, mal perçue par les
autres maires, y compris ceux des communes urbaines d'arrondissement du parti au
pouvoir. La fréquence et la prégnance des conflits qui résultent de cette situation sont
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largement et régulièrement relayés par les médias nationaux et internationaux qui
s'attardent sur le sort des déguerpis abandonnés à eux-mêmes. Cette contribution analyse
cette opération controversée en trois articulations, à savoir: l'appréciation de la
gouvernance municipale dans le cadre de laquelle se déroule cette opération, l'examen des
actes d'aménagement urbain posés en vue de l'embellissement de la ville de Yaoundé, et
les propositions de perspectives de l'action municipale. Bibliogr., note, rés. en français et
en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
148 Bikoï, Félix Nicodème
Langues, savoirs et développement local / Félix Nicodème Bikoï ... [et al.]. - Maroua : École
Normale Supérieure, Université de Maroua, 2011. - P. 1-151. : fig., tab. ; 25 cm. - (Kaliao,
Série lettres et sciences humaines, ISSN 2073-9052 ; hors série no. 1 (mai 2011)) - Met
bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; languages; literature; social development; governance;
conference papers (form); 2010.
Les travaux dont les textes sont réunis dans ce volume ont été soumis à débat lors des
séminaires de restitution organisés par le Département de langue française et littérature
d'expression française du 8 au 11 juin 2010. Ils représentent la contribution dudit
département au projet de recherche 2010 de l'École normale supérieure de l'Université de
Maroua sur le thème "Savoir, gouvernance et développement local". Les analyses menées
entendent aboutir à des recommandations susceptibles de résorber les carences relevées
au niveau des politiques linguistiques et culturo-littéraires locales, de même qu'elles posent
de nouvelles fondations pour l'interaction entre langage, littérature et bien-être humain, en
particulier au niveau local. Les textes sont regroupés selon trois parties: 1) Politiques
culturo-linguistiques et développement; 2) Langues, gouvernance et développement; 3)
Littérature et développement. Titres des contributions: 1) Propositions pour le management
rentable des industries culturelles au Cameroun (Félix Nicodème Bikoï et Raymond Mbassi
Atéba). 2) Le Cameroun en langues: l'inéquation de la gouvernance (Jacques Evouna) Langue, vecteur de développement (Pauline Lydienne Ebehedi King) - Langue et
entreprise argumentative dans les campagnes de sensibilisation et électorales en zones
rurales (Flora Amabiamina) - Langues du substrat, véhicule du savoir et du développement
au Nord du Cameroun (Amina Goron) - Une langue seconde peut-elle contribuer au
développement d'un pays africain? (Sosthène-Marie X. Atenké-Etoa) - Les langues
nationales comme facteur de développement, d'acquisition et de diffusion du savoir (Adam
Mahamat). 3) Mongo Beti: l'écriture romanesque au service du développement de l'Afrique
(Bernard Ambassa Fils) - L'inscription d'"Afrika Ba'a" [de Remy Gilbert Medou Mvomo] au
programme: une politique de promotion de développement (Oumar Guedalla) - Savoirs
culturels et processus de développement de l'Afrique dans le discours poétique de Jacques
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Fame Ndongo (Jean Claude Abada Medjo) - Acquisition du langage et développement de
l'intelligence (Maxime Pierre Meto'o Etoua). [Résumé ASC Leiden]
149 Biloa, Edmond
English language use and the expression of the Cameroonian sociocultural identity in the
Cameroonian novel of English expression / Edmond Biloa, Lozzi M. Meutem Kamtchueng In: Annales de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p.
127-154 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; novels; English language; identity.
This paper explores the expression of Cameroonian sociocultural identity in the
Cameroonian novel of English expression with reference to the works of three novelists, in
particular 'The crown of thorns' (1995) by Linus T. Asong, 'Son of the native soil' (1999)
by Shadrach A. Ambanasom, and 'A nose for money' (2006) by Francis B. Nyamnjoh. It
argues that these Cameroonian novelists use several linguistic tools such as borrowing,
coinage, translating local language expressions into English equivalents, code-mixing and
code-switching, bilingual dialogue, and Cameroon pidgin English and French discourse, to
express or construct Cameroonian sociocultural identity. It also argues that a good
knowledge of the sociocultural context of Cameroon is necessary for a good understanding
of the English language used in these literary texts. Bibliogr., sum. in English and French.
[Journal abstract]
150 Bouba, Bachir
La perception de l'orientation-conseil par la communauté éducative de Maroua / Bachir
Bouba - In: Kaliao: (2011), vol. 3, no. 7, p. 23-38.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; secondary education; counselling; images.
La présente étude rend compte des résultats d'une enquête réalisée par questionnaire
auprès d'élèves, d'enseignants et de parents d'élèves de deux lycées de Maroua au
Cameroun. Les résultats de l'enquête reflètent les représentations à propos des conseillers
d'orientation dans les établissements scolaires au Cameroun. L'analyse révèle que les
membres de la communauté éducative de Maroua ignorent le rôle et l'importance de
l'orientation-conseil, ce qui les amène à entretenir à son égard une perception et des
stéréotypes négatifs. Pour eux, l'orientation-conseil se cantonne uniquement au volet
"orientation" dans les différentes filières d'études. La dimension psychologique et
psychopédagogique n'est pas considérée. Par conséquent, il n'est pas indispensable dans
la vie scolaire des apprenants, puisqu'on peut réussir ses études sans jamais être orienté
par un conseiller. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la
revue, adapté]
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151 Dongmo, Jean-Louis
La géographie camerounaise face au défi de la transversalité / Jean-Louis Dongmo - In:
Les cahiers d'outre-mer: (2012), vol. 65, no. 259, p. 417-436 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; geography education; curriculum; universities; geographical
research.
Sortie à l'origine du moule de la géographie française, la géographie camerounaise a
rapidement trouvé sa voie grâce notamment aux influences de la géographie
anglo-saxonne dont le développement a été rendu possible par un bilinguisme d'État
affirmé. Cette géographie a continué de s'ouvrir et de se moderniser comme en témoignent
le contenu des thèses, des programmes d'enseignement, et l'orientation des publications
au fil du temps. Ce dynamisme est traduit aussi par le passage des méthodes empiriques à
la démarche hypothético-déductive mais encore plus par une transversalité incontestable
qui prédispose la géographie camerounaise à l'action. Élargissement du champ et
maniement des principaux concepts et théories des sciences sociales ne peuvent être
déniés à cette géographie dont le dynamisme semble avoir été accéléré par les réformes
universitaires successives parmi lesquelles celle ayant abouti à la création de nouvelles
universités d'État dans le pays. Cette réflexion repose sur les documents d'archives
(programmes, publications, mémoires et thèses, compte rendus de réunions) dont l'analyse
apporte les preuves de la transversalité qui est aujourd'hui reconnue comme étant l'une
des manifestations de la vitalité des disciplines. Bibliogr., note, rés. en français et en
anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
152 Echu, Georges
Cinquante ans de bilinguisme officiel au Cameroun, 1961-2011 = Fifty years of official
language bilingualism in Cameroon (1961-2011) : état des lieux, enjeux et perspectives =
situation, stakes and perspectives / sous la dir. de Georges Echu & Augustin Emmanuel
Ebongue. - Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2012. - 327 p. : ill. ; 24 cm - Met bibliogr.,
noten,samenvattingen.
ISBN 2336001039
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; multilingualism; language policy; English language; French
language; official languages; language instruction.
Le Cameroun a été réunifié le 1er octobre 1961 et est devenu un État bilingue ayant pour
langues officielles le français et l'anglais. Cinquante ans plus tard, le présent ouvrage, en
anglais et en français, évalue la pratique de ce bilinguisme officiel - originalement un legs
de la période coloniale. Il rassemble seize articles scientifiques qui s'articulent autour de la
problématique en question. Les textes des contributions sont regroupés en deux parties. La
première s'intitule "Tendances évolutives et pratiques du bilinguisme officiel et pratiques
linguistiques". La deuxième partie porte sur la "Didactique des langues officielles en
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contexte du bilinguisme officiel". La première partie se préoccupe non seulement de
l'évolution de la politique du bilinguisme officiel, mais plus précisément des pratiques en
vigueur dans ce domaine, que ce soit au niveau de l'espace public, de la politique, de
l'administration, des médias, de l'économie ou de la traduction. Auteurs: Edmond Biloa,
Blasius Agha-ah Chiatoh, Augustin Emmanuel Ebongue, George Echu, Achille Fossi,
Dieudonné Mbena, Tene Alexandre Ndeffo, Aloysius Ngefac, Terence Kiwoh Nsai, Alain
Flaubert Takam, Valentine Njende Ubanako. La deuxième partie porte sur des questions
d'ordre didactique, ce domaine étant un cadre privilégié de l'application de la politique du
bilinguisme officiel au Cameroun. Dans cette quête du bilinguisme oficiel, les secteurs
scolaire et extrascolaire se complètent. Auteurs: George Echu, Téclaire Félicité Epongo,
Madeleine Koloto Dipanda Kome, Salomon Mounchili, Bernard Ngala, David Ngamassu.
[Résumé ASC Leiden]
153 Falna, Taubic
Poubelles, ordures ménagères et structuration du comportement politique dans la ville de
Ngaoundéré (Cameroun) / Taubic Falna - In: Kaliao: (2011), vol. 3, no. 7, p. 59-76 : foto's,
tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; waste management; local politics.
La surpopulation que connaissent les villes africaines s'accompagne d'un certain nombre
de problèmes au rang desquels celui lié à la gestion des ordures et des poubelles. La
gestion des poubelles revient aux magistrats municipaux qui payent les frais d'une
mauvaise résolution du problème à l'occasion du renouvellement de leurs mandats électifs.
Le présent travail montre comment l'attitude de la population vis à vis des ordures est liée
aux problèmes d'occupation des sols, aux mouvements migratoires des ruraux vers les
centres urbains et au manque d'innovation politicoéconomique pour trouver de nouvelles
sources de financement dans la gestion des municipalités. Il met en rapport la gestion des
ordures et le vote dans la ville camerounaise de Ngaoundéré. La démarche se fonde sur la
théorie du choix rationnel du vote et repose sur l'observation participante et les entretiens.
Bibliogr., notes, rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
154 Ganota, Boniface
Gestion des déchets urbains et stratégies de protection de l'environnement dans la ville de
Maroua / Boniface Ganota, Bernard Gonné, et Aliou Dewa - In: Kaliao: (2011), vol. 3, no. 7,
p. 113-122 : foto's, tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; waste management; environmental management.
L'objet du présent article est de montrer la possibilité de la transformation des déchets de
la ville de Maroua, dans le nord du Cameroun, et partant d'une meilleure gestion des
ordures, afin de contribuer à l'assainissement, à la protection de l'environnement et à la
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restauration des sols. L'étude dont il est rendu compte ici porte sur la transformation qui
permet, à partir d'une tonne de déchets issus de décharges gérées par une entreprise
privée, d'obtenir des pavés de plastique, du compost pouvant être mis à la disposition des
agriculteurs, et de fer. Bibliogr., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
155 Guitard, Émilie
Le chef et le tas d'ordures: la gestion des déchets comme arène politique et attribut du
pouvoir au Cameroun / Émilie Guitard - In: Politique africaine: (2012), no. 127, p. 155-177.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; waste management; power; local politics.
À Garoua et Maroua, villes moyennes du nord du Cameroun, les détenteurs du pouvoir
entretiennent depuis longtemps une relation ambivalente avec l'ordure. Les accumulations
de déchets se révèlent alternativement emblèmes, sources ou manifestations de la
capacité ou de l'incapacité des autorités politiques à gérer la ville et ses habitants. Le
présent article, qui touche à l'anthropologie et aux études sur l'urbain et sur le politique,
procède à une analyse diachronique de représentations se rapportant à la culture
matérielle, à l'éthique de vie et au domaine magico-religieux, construites à partir de
référents anciens nourris des évolutions dans l'histoire de la région et des bouleversements
contemporains. Elle offre une clé de lecture originale des enjeux et des affrontements
politiques locaux. Elle éclaire également sur la nature même du pouvoir tel qu'il est pensé
dans ces deux ville moyennes africaines. Notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais.
[Résumé extrait de la revue]
156 Kouega, Jean Paul
Language use in multi-ethnic Christian congregations : the case of the Evangelical Church
of Cameroon / Jean Paul Kouega and Willy Ndzotom - In: Annales de la Faculté des Arts,
Lettres et Sciences Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p. 67-86 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; African Independent Churches; language usage.
This paper examines language use in the religious practices of one Christian congregation,
the Evangelical Church of Cameroon, known by its French appellation the Église
Évangélique du Cameroun (EEC). The setting for the study is the Oyomabang parish, a
residential area in the city of Yaoundé. The paper begins with an overview of the language
situation in Cameroon and background information on the EEC. Using a
structural-functionalist model proposed by J.P. Kouega in 2008, it segments religious
services into constituent parts and analyses what language is used in what part and for
what reason. The analysis of the data collected reveals that a church service in this
parish, like in other EEC parishes, is divided into some 15 sections, which can be grouped
into three major parts, with the initial part ending with announcements, the middle part
ending with pastoral acts, and the final part ending with blessings. The dominant language
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used is French. Other languages used, most frequently in songs, are two indigenous
languages, viz. Medumba and Ghomala. Occasionally, songs in Duala and English were
heard. The dominant factor accounting for the choice of languages is the historical
background of the EEC. App., bibliogr., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract,
edited]
157 Leka Essomba, Armand
La construction quotidienne d'un sujet public urbain : une étude à partir des rues de
Yaoundé / Armand Leka Essomba - In: Annales de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences
Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p. 185-208 : krt.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; urban environment; roads; place names.
Les études portant sur la sociologie urbaine ont eu tendance à se fixer prioritairement sur
'les manières d'habiter la ville'. À rebours de ces problématiques dominantes, le présent
article s'oriente plutôt vers 'les manières de circuler en ville'. Il se propose d'expliquer et de
comprendre comment, en circulant dans les rues d'une ville africaine, l'acteur urbain
échappe au cadre normatif qui lui préexiste sur ces rues, et réinvente ainsi la ville en
fonction de ses attentes et de ses fantasmes propres. L'étude part de l'hypothèse selon
laquelle un sujet public urbain se constitue à travers le jeu de pas des marcheurs qui
investissent quotidiennement les rues urbaines de la ville de Yaoundé au Cameroun. Cet
investissement s'opère lui-m^eme dans le travestissement des significations urbanistiques
préétablies et la déconstruction des codes formels qui préexistent sur l'espace de la
chaussée. L'article esquisse une typologie des rues de Yaoundé (rues centrales, rues
marchandes, rues scolaires, rues festives, rues solitaires) et envisage la rue comme lieu de
production de la discipline. Ensuite, il montre comment l'architecture officielle est travestie
par les usagers, et comment le sujet public urbain se construit à travers les rhétoriques
'cheminatoires' et les conflits de toponymie. Bibliogr., rés. en anglais et en français.
[Résumé extrait de la revue, adapté]
158 Mbpille, Pierre
La nécessité de la sécurisation foncière au Cameroun / par Pierre Mbpille - In: Penant:
(2012), année 122, no. 879, p. 234-256.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; land law; land tenure; rural areas; land registration.
Au Cameroun, la quasi-totalité des terres occupées par les populations rurales relèvent du
domaine national. Mais, dans l'imagination des populations, toutes les terres rurales sont
les terres de leurs ancêtres, et elles leur appartiendraient naturellement en vertu du droit
coutumier, qui ne les oblige pas à les mettre en valeur. Cette conception anthropologique
du sol n'est pas juridiquement valable, puisqu'elle se heurte à la rigueur du droit écrit qui
n'intègre pas une catégorie des terres dites ancestrales, ou terres coutumières. Mais les
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populations ne sont pas pour autant vouées à perdre leurs terres relevant du domaine
national, pour peu qu'elles procèdent à leur immatriculation. La nécessité de sécurisation
foncière au Cameroun tire donc son fondement du constat de la précarité des possessions
des populations sur le domaine national (première partie). Il leur faut par conséquent
procéder à l'immatriculation afin d'obtenir le titre foncier à partir du domaine national
occupé ou exploité, de consolider leur propriété foncière, et de pouvoir en jouir plus
paisiblement et à long terme. Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
159 Metogo, Eloi Messi
Jean-Marc Éla et Séverin Cécile Abega, un engagement scientifique / coord. par Eloi Messi
Metogo & Parfait D. Akana. - Paris : Éditions Terroirs & Karthala, 2012. - 185 p. ; 24 cm. (Terroirs, ISSN 1561-2007 ; vol 8, no. 1/2) - Met bibliogr., noten.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; liberation theology; anthropological research; sociological
research; African studies; festschrifts (form).
Ce numéro spécial consiste en un hommage à Jean-Marc Éla (1936-2008) et Séverin
Cécile Abega (1955-2008), deux précédents collaborateurs de la revue Terroirs,
aujourd'hui disparus. Le premier était sociologue, anthropologue et théologien, et le
second, socio-anthropologue et écrivain. En ce qui concerne leur œuvre et leur héritage,
outre leur apport du point de vue scientifique, ils ont lutté contre la mauvaise gouvernance.
Titres des contributions: Hommage à Jean-Marc Éla: le sociologue et le théologien en
boubou (Yao Assogba) - Jean-Marc Éla, théologien: entretien avec Éloi Messi Metogo,
réalisé par Parfait D. Akana - Magistère et théologie en Afrique (Éloi Messi Metogo) Réinvestir les faits de population en Afrique (Mohamadou Sall) - Une sociologie des
montagnes au Cameroun septentrional: sur les traces de Jean-Marc Éla (Alawadi Zelao) La refondation de la ville africaine selon Jean-Marc Éla: le cas de Yabassi, une ville en
crise (Esse Ndjeng) - Victimes non résignées: Jean-Marc Éla et la sociologie de la
résistance (Ambroise Kom) - Sexualité, pouvoir et société au Cameroun: sur l'imagination
socio-anthropologique de Séverin Cécile Abega (1955-2007) (Claude Abé) - "Black
Persephona": pratiques magico-religieuses sur la mort et la naissance en Afrique noire et
dans le monde gréco-romain (Philippe Charlier) - La violence symbolique comme facteur
de la marginalisation des Pygmées chez Séverin Cécile Abega (Aloys Mahwa) Cannibales et législateurs (Séverin Cécile Abega) - Séverin Cécile Abega et son temps
(Parfait D. Akana) - À propos de "Cannibales et législateurs": entretien avec Séverin Cécile
Abega, réalisé par Parfait D. Akana. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
160 Mokwe, Edouard
L'afrocentrisme dans la prose d'Angeline Solange Bonono / Edouard Mokwe - In: Annales
de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p. 35-49.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; novels; African culture.
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Réagissant aux affres des programmes d'ajustment structurel initiés par les financiers
occidentaux il y a une vingtaine d'années, certains prosateurs du Cameroun se livrent à
une véritable reconstruction du pays et du continent. Ils proposent, dans leurs récits, un
ensemble de réponses propres à redorer le blason du Cameroun et de l'Afrique en
difficulté. Cette analyse constitue une lecture afrocentrique permettant d'apprécier la
plongée opérée par l'écrivain Angeline Solange Bonono au cœur de l'authenticité africaine,
qu'elle semble alors proposer comme une des solutions aux malheurs, dans 'Bouillons de
vie' (2005), 'La femme que je suis devenue' (2006), et 'Apostolat de la fourchette' (2008).
L'étude analyse quels idéaux et valeurs africains ces œuvres exaltent, notamment
concernant l'attachement à la tradition, l'harmonie entre l'homme et son environnement, la
promotion du cadre de vie africain, les noms propres, le langage et la langue d'écriture, et
l'identité dialectique. Les textes de Bonono véhiculent le message que les Africains doivent
se défaire de la dépossession caractéristique de leurs relations avec l'Occident. Bibliogr.,
notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue, adapté]
161 Momo, Claude
L'évolution du droit de la fonction publique au Cameroun / par Claude Momo - In: Revue
juridique et politique des États francophones: (2012), année 66, no. 1, p. 34-71.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; public administration; civil service reform; administrative law;
civil servants; working conditions.
Au Cameroun, la fonction publique s'est engagée dès le début des années 1990 dans un
mouvement de réforme conduisant à développer des outils et des normes professionnels
en usage dans le secteur privé. Le but de cette réforme est d'aligner la fonction publique
sur le modèle de la nouvelle gestion publique et apparaît comme un élément central de la
réforme de l'État entamée avec l'avènement des plans d'ajustement structurel. Mais il faut
reconnaître une équivoque sur la définition de la fonction publique, car la spécificité du rôle
du fonctionnaire le porte, d'une part, à s'identifier avec le pouvoir étatique et, d'autre part, le
pousse à se dissocier du reste de ses concitoyens. L'étude de l'évolution du droit de la
fonction publique revient à une analyse de la mutation du régime juridique. Or, elle ne
saurait se faire, abstraction faite de l'environnement ou du milieu dans lequel elle s'insère.
Le nouveau droit applicable à la fonction publique traduit à sa manière la complexité de la
situation. Au Cameroun, la diversification due à l'avènement de la décentralisation met à
côté de l'État les collectivités territoriales, les établissements publics nationaux et locaux.
Les dispositions novatrices du statut de 1994 qui ont suscité l'engouement de la doctrine se
sont-elles traduites dans le sens invoqué? Peut-on, à partir de la dynamique actuelle, parler
d'évolution? L'écart constaté entre le droit et la pratique ne pose-t-il pas le problème de la
mutation du droit de la fonction publique au Cameroun? Alors que la contractualisation
devient l'autre mode de gestion de la fonction publique, quel est l'avenir pour le droit de la
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fonction publique, dont apparaît la subjectivité? Ces interrogations montrent la difficulté
d'appréhender la question du dynamisme du droit de la fonction publique et de maintenir le
débat sur celui de la nature des normes juridiques applicables sans le déplacer vers le
statut sociopolitique du fonctionnaire au Cameroun. Le présent article envisage l'évolution
de la fonction publique en étudiant les causes de cette mutation (première partie) et,
d'autre part, en faisant le constat de l'ampleur de cette mutation (seconde partie). Notes,
réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
162 Moupou, Moïse
Défis et perspectives du développement de l'activité touristique à Foumban, ville historique
de l'Ouest Cameroun / Moïse Moupou, Alfred Homère Ngandam Mfondoum et Christian
Njilou - In: Les cahiers d'outre-mer: (2012), vol. 65, no. 259, p. 437-455 : fig., foto's, graf.,
krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; Bamun; tourism.
La simple évocation du nom de Foumban (Région de l'Ouest, Cameroun) rappelle aux
touristes nationaux et internationaux les grandes richesses culturelle et artisanale du
peuple Bamoun de . En effet, qu'il s'agisse du palais royal, édifié au début du XXe siècle,
de son musée riche d'attributs royaux et d'objets anciens, ou encore de la diversité des
pratiques ancestrales lors des manifestations du Ngouon, le chef-lieu du département du
Noun attire en moyenne 4 500 à 5 000 visiteurs chaque année. Ces visites sont tournées
essentiellement vers le palais et son musée. Les principaux acteurs intervenant dans
l'activité touristique sont: le Sultan, roi des Bamoun, qui supervise et coordonne le bon
déroulement du tourisme afin d'en sauvegarder principalement l'aspect culturel; des
opérateurs touristiques, qui partent des grandes métropoles avec leurs clients vers
Foumban; les guides locaux, qui selon le degré de confiance qui leur est accordé, ont
accès au musée royal. En dépit du fait que chacun de ces acteurs joue un rôle essentiel
pour le développement du tourisme dans la ville, quelques lacunes peuvent être décelées.
Ainsi, on peut remarquer entre autres: la concentration de l'activité au centre ville et donc la
non-visite de certains autres sites potentiels; l'inexistence d'un circuit préétabli connu à
l'avance, d'où la monotonie de celui actuel; le nombre limité d'acteurs; l'entretien non
assuré et la durabilité mise à mal de certains sites et dans le milieu naturel en général.
Cette contribution part de l'hypothèse selon laquelle la gestion concertée du tourisme entre
des acteurs diversifiés est une solution pour une meilleure définition du rôle des acteurs,
une utilisation optimale et durable des sites touristiques de la ville, et par conséquent une
multiplication des flux. Son objectif est alors d'aboutir à la proposition d'un schéma local de
gestion touristique, avec reprécisions des rôles des acteurs, en fonction de la
hiérarchisation sociale et des exigences administratives et institutionnelles. Les résultats
obtenus sont la mise en place d'un schéma stratégique local de gestion concertée du
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tourisme, dont la configuration favorise la durabilité. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en français et
en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
163 Mutia, Rosalyn
The New Woman phenomenon in selected works of Toni Morrison, Margaret Afuh and
Eunice Ngongkum / Rosalyn Mutia - In: Annales de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences
Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p. 87-103.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; United States; women writers; novels; women; literary criticism.
This paper compares women's fiction from Cameroon and an African American woman
writer's novel with respect to the so-called New Woman phenomenon. It argues that despite
their differences, women writers across borders are unanimous in exposing and attempting
to extirpate women's oppression. One way in which they do this, is by embracing the New
Woman phenomenon, a feminist revolutionary ideal which emerged at the end of the 19th
century. The New Woman was a modern figure with a multiple identity: feminist activist,
social reformer, popular novelist, woman poet. She was also a fictional construct, a
discursive response to the activities of the women's movement of the time. The texts
compared are Margaret Afuh's 'Born before her time' (2003), Eunice Ngongkum's 'Manna of
a lifetime and other stories' (2007) and Toni Morrison's 'Beloved' (1987). All three books
show similar concerns with marriage, motherhood, voice versus voicelessness, and role
attributions. They are also similar in depicting the image of a new woman capable of
transcending social and cultural barriers to re-invent herself. Bibliogr., sum. in English and
French. [ASC Leiden abstract]
164 Ndjio, Basile
Post-colonial histories of sexuality: the political invention of a libidinal African straight /
Basile Ndjio - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p. 609-631.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Cameroon; sexuality; ideologies; homosexuality; man.
This study addresses the problem of sexuality and ideology in relation to (pan)-Africanist
doctrines that have been instrumental in the effort of postcolonial African elites to constitute
an exclusive African sexual selfhood. The focus is on their efforts to 'Africanize' the
sexuality of the masses in a global context that seems to dramatize the uncontrolled flow of
sexual desires, and favours the emergence of new forms of sexual expressions and
practices that destabilize the postcolonial sexual order. The leading question informing the
study is how a hegemonic heterosexual identity has come to be internalized in postcolonial
Africa, and how both men and women have come to believe that to be 'good' citizens or
'real' Africans they have to become repressed subjects who not only limit their sexuality
solely to heterosexual desires, but also have a natural aversion to other forms of sexuality
such as same-sex relations. The main argument is that in most African countries, and
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specifically in Cameroon, both the edification of a phallocratico-patriarchal society and the
political invention of the sublimated Muntu, the so-called libidinal African straight, went
along with the suppression, annihilation or negation of gays and lesbians, generally
misrepresented as deracinated Africans and dangerous 'witch-others'. Bibliogr., notes, ref.,
sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
165 Ngo Balepa, Aurore Sara
Le régime de la zone franche industrielle au Cameroun (ZFIC) : résultats mitigés d'une
stratégie d'industrialisation / Aurore Sara Ngo Balepa - In: Les cahiers d'outre-mer: (2012),
vol. 65, no. 259, p. 339-369 : fig., graf., krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; free economic zones; industrial development; industrial policy.
Les stratégies d'industrialisation expérimentées avec succès dans de nombreux pays du
Sud montrent leurs limites dans certains autres. C'est le cas du régime de la zone franche
industrielle dont les principaux objectifs au Cameroun sont la promotion de nouveaux
investissements productifs, l'augmentation des exportations, et la création d’emplois. Une
vingtaine d’années après son intégration dans la politique d'industrialisation du Cameroun,
ce régime se singularise encore par des résultats très mitigés, eu égards aux espoirs
d'industrialisation et de développement socio-économique qu'il porte. Cet article se propose
d’analyser les résultats du régime de la zone franche du Cameroun par une démarche
méthodologique qui privilégie l'exploitation des textes législatifs et règlementaires, des
données statistiques obtenues dans les ministères, dans les organismes spécialisés et
principalement à l'Office National des Zones Franches Industrielles (ONZFI), à l'Institut
National de la Statistique du Cameroun (INS), et leur traitement numérique. Il révèle que
les premiers agréments au régime de la zone franche industrielle du Cameroun (ZFIC)
remontent à 1992; en 2010, ses données sont d'une quarantaine de points francs
industriels (PFI), dont 22 seulement sont opérationnels, de 3 645 emplois permanents et
saisonniers peu qualifiants, d'investissements s'élevant à 25 millions de FCFA ainsi qu'à
des échanges avec l'économie nationale de l'ordre de 31 millions de FCFA, et à une
participation de 15 pour cent aux exportations industrielles du pays alors que le déficit de la
balance commerciale est de 876 millions de FCFA et persiste. Ce sont des effets induits
socio-économiques mitigés. Cette étude tend à confirmer les limites des approches de
l'industrialisation conventionnelles dans les États du tiers-monde. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés.
en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
166 Ngo Balepa, Aurore Sara
Dynamique, logiques de localisation des entreprises industrielles et effets économiques,
sociaux et spatiaux induits à Bafoussam (Cameroun) / Aurore Sara Ngo Balepa - In:
Annales de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p.
231-255 : graf., krt., tab.
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ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; industrial location; industrial development; regional disparity.
L'analyse de la dynamique et des localisations d'entreprises dans une région donnée
permet de caractériser son développement industriel, et autant que possible d'en anticiper
les effets induits. Bafoussam, chef lieu de la région de l'Ouest du Cameroun, pourtant doté
de nombreux atouts, n'expérimente pas un développement industriel réussi. Comment
comprendre la faiblesse et les divers problèmes de développement industriel dans cette
ville? Cet article analyse la difficile insertion des activités industrielles à Bafoussam.
L'analyse des localisations actuelles, complétée par des données statistiques et des
enquêtes auprès des entrepreneurs, révèle que l'absence d'une vision économique
prospective, et l'irrespect du cadre spatial minimum réservé aux localisations sont à
l'origine de la mauvaise intégration économique régionale et spatiale du développement
industriel dans cette ville. L'étude montre d'une part que les entreprises sont très faiblement
intégrées dans la région, et prouve d'autre part que leurs logiques de localisation, libres et
différenciées, entraînent une mauvaise structuration spatiale et des nuisances diverses,
responsables d'une certaine régression de la fonction industrielle dans la ville. L'exemple
de Bafoussam permet de comprendre la nécessité d'entourer tout processus de
développement industriel local d'un minimum d'organisation et de suivi. Bibliogr., notes,
réf., rés. en anglais et en français. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
167 Nkwi, Walter Gam
Telephone operators' resistance to British colonial administration in the Cameroons
Province, 1917-1931 / Walter Gam Nkwi - In: Lagos Historical Review: (2010), vol. 10, p.
50-67.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; resistance; colonial administration; telephone; British;
1900-1949.
By the beginning of the 20th Century the bifurcation of the African continent amongst the
major colonial powers, including France, Britain and Germany, was a foregone conclusion.
The establishment of European rule in the continent was difficult and protracted more than
was ever anticipated by the colonial powers. Some African polities resisted colonial rule in
many forms including wars and songs. This paper aims to write the history of yet another
form of resistance to colonial rule in British Africa with a focus on telephone operators in the
erstwhile Cameroons Province. The pith and kernel of the paper therefore is to show how
telephone operators resisted the colonial administration. This typology of resistance is yet
to receive adequate attention in the historiography of resistance within the British colonial
sphere in general and that of the Cameroons Province during the first decades of the
mandate period in particular. Archives in Cameroon and London were consulted as well as
secondary literature. Deriving from these sources the paper contends that the resistance to
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British colonial administration by telephone operators was subtle, nagging and provocative.
Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
168 Omgba, Richard Laurent
Les nouveaux défis de la culture camerounaise / Richard Laurent Omgba - In: Annales de
la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines: (2011), vol. 1, no. 13, p. 3-15.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; culture; cultural policy.
Dans son projet d'accession au statut de pays émergent, le Cameroun s'est doté d'un
programme multisectoriel de développement. Ce programme, condensé dans le Document
de stratégie pour la croissance et l'emploi (DSCE), accorde une place non négligeable à
la culture. Pourtant, il semble que le secteur culturel pourrait occuper une place plus
éminente si ses acteurs se montraient plus ingénieux et conscients des dividendes qu'une
politique culturelle bien pensée et bien exécutée peut apporter au pays. C'est tout l'intérêt
de cet article dont le propos est non seulement de jeter un regard sur la vie culturelle
camerounaise (culture folklorique, culture patrimoniale, culture industrielle) mais aussi de
donner des pistes d'une refondation de ce secteur en vue d'en faire un moteur de
développement du pays et de son rayonnement au plan international. Bibliogr., notes, réf.,
rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
169 Tchawa, Paul
Le Cameroun : une "Afrique en miniature"? / Paul Tchawa - In: Les cahiers d'outre-mer:
(2012), vol. 65, no. 259, p. 319-338 : krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; geography; images.
Le Cameroun est-il vraiment "l'Afrique en miniature" tel que le montre une certaine
littérature? Ce qualificatif a été repris si souvent qu'on est droit de rechercher puis
d’analyser les facteurs qui peuvent, seuls ou associés, expliquer une telle affirmation. Tel
est le principal objectif de cette contribution. Plus qu'un exercice de collecte et de
traitement de données de première main, cet article se veut plutôt une réflexion développée
à partir de productions de différentes natures. On arrive après analyse à la conclusion
selon laquelle, en dépit du fait qu'il est illusoire de considérer qu'un pays peut, à lui seul,
être le résumé de tous les autres, de nombreux éléments, tant physiques que
sociolinguistiques et historiques, semblent curieusement conforter la prise de position des
adeptes du slogan: "Le Cameroun, une Afrique en miniature". Parmi ces facteurs figurent
en bonne place une situation idéale au centre du continent, entre l'Afrique des plaines et
des plateaux, l'Afrique des forêts et des savanes, l'Afrique des chrétiens et des musulmans,
l'Afrique anglophone et francophone. Il reste que du point de vue scientifique, ce slogan,
bien que fondé, paraît tout de même être excessif. Bibliogr., notes, rés. en français et en
anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
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170 Yemmafouo, Aristide
Infrastructures de transport et destin des territoires frontaliers du Sud-Ouest camerounais :
cas de Mamfé et sa région / Aristide Yemmafouo, Ako Yvonne Oneke et Laurien
Uwizeyimana - In: Les cahiers d'outre-mer: (2012), vol. 65, no. 259, p. 395-416 : fig., foto's,
krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Cameroon; rural areas; infrastructure; rural transport; road networks;
boundaries.
Les problèmes de développement économique en Afrique sont avant tout liés à la question
des transports, c'est-à-dire à la manière dont les différents territoires sont interconnectés et
échangent leurs services. Au Cameroun, malgré les efforts d'aménagement du territoire,
nombre de régions sont encore enclavées. Les régions frontalières souffrent plus
particulièrement d'un réel isolement avec le reste du pays. C'est par exemple le cas de la
région du Sud-Ouest où l'enclavement handicape sérieusement la mobilité non seulement
à l'intérieur du territoire, mais aussi vers les centres économique (Douala) et politique
(Yaoundé) du pays. Du coup, la région se tourne vers le Nigéria qui offre des opportunités
d'échanges plus avantageuses. Au niveau de Mamfé, la Cross river sert de voie d'échange
naturelle dont l'exploitation permet d'ouvrir la région sur l'espace économique du Nigéria.
Au-delà de la question de l'enclavement lui-même, se pose celle des conséquences des
dynamiques économiques dans les territoires frontaliers en Afrique centrale en terme
d'intégration nationale. Cette question, même si elle paraît politiquement sensible mérite
d'être posée. Dans ce cas précis, quel sens faut-il encore accorder à la notion de frontière?
Se souvenant des récents litiges sur la partie maritime de cette frontière Cameroun Nigéria, on peut craindre que les dynamiques actuelles basées essentiellement sur le jeu
enclavement - ouverture économique ne conduisent à une réorganisation
socio-économique, voire politique de la région de Mamfé. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en
français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
171 Galebay, Abira
Réflexion sur un nouveau modèle de gestion des entreprises publiques en Afrique
francophone: la privatisation des entreprises publiques au Congo et au Gabon / par Abira
Galebay - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 880, p. 360-391.
ASC Subject Headings: Congo (Brazzaville); Gabon; privatization; public enterprises; legal reform.
Dans les années 1990, les États gabonais et congolais, face à une crise internationale
généralisée, ont amorcé, comme d'autres États en Afrique susaharienne, un programme de
privatisation des entreprises publiques. La présente étude a pour objet d'étudier le cadre
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WEST CENTRAL AFRICA - CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
juridique de privatisations des entreprises publiques au Congo-Brazzaville et au Gabon. Il
s'agit de créer un cadre juridique capable, d'une part, d'attirer les capitaux étrangers, et
d'autre part, d'éviter que la privatisation des entreprises publiques ne porte gravement
atteinte aux intérêts publics par un bradage du patrimoine public ou une aliénation de la
souveraineté nationale. Comment, dans les deux cas, les pouvoirs publics ont-ils réalisé
l'agencement de ces critères, au regard de la diversité des formes juridiques des
entreprises publiques dans ces pays? La volonté des pouvoirs publics de réformer le cadre
juridique institutionnel, y compris une réforme constitutionnelle, favorable à la mise en
œuvre de la privatisation des entreprises publiques est traitée dans la première partie de
l'article. La mise en œuvre du cadre juridique du programme de privatisation capable de
remédier aux dysfonctionnemnts des entreprises publiques fait l'objet de la seconde partie.
Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
CONGO (KINSHASA)
172 Koko, Sadiki
Conflict and environmental insecurity in the North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic
of Congo / Sadiki Koko - In: African Journal on Conflict Resolution: (2011), vol. 11, no. 3, p.
87-110 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Democratic Republic of Congo; regional security; war; environmental
management; land scarcity; land conflicts; population policy.
Despite receiving much attention in literature, the ongoing conflict in North Kivu, of the
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has yet to be systematically studied with respect to
its impact on environmental security. This paper seeks to contribute toward filling this gap.
It argues that, notwithstanding natural factors such as the volcanoes - and social ills caused
by poverty, unemployment and underdevelopment - environmental insecurity in North Kivu
is caused by the 'relative scarcity' of land. The land crisis is aggravated by land ownership
systems, demographic pressure, unregulated migrations and related identity disputes,
short-sighted State policies and involvement by neighbouring polities; all of which set the
stage for cyclic violent conflicts. In order to break this vicious circle, the article calls for the
emergence of a strong and brave political leadership in the DRC as well as in the region,
capable of establishing political, social and economic policies conducive to addressing the
roots of the problems. Bibliogr., notes, ref, sum. [Journal abstract]
173 Velthuizen, Andreas Gerhardus (Dries)
Best practices for the management of knowledge for conflict resolution: lessons learned
from the Great Lakes region of Africa / Andreas Gerhardus (Dries) Velthuizen - In:
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p.118-131 : fig.
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WEST CENTRAL AFRICA - CONGO (KINSHASA)
ASC Subject Headings: Democratic Republic of Congo; Rwanda; Uganda; Great Lakes region;
conflict resolution; indigenous knowledge; information management.
This article deals with the management of knowledge for conflict resolution and innovation
in Africa. After a brief discussion of the research methodology followed, a feedback is
provided on the field study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in northern Uganda and Rwanda
and at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania, and in
the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo). As a result of the field study, certain principles
and practices were identified whereby the challenges facing Africa could be examined. The
author found five "realms" in which knowledge management can take place and that
traditional knowledge practices, if merged with more modern knowledge management
practices, provide a valuable framework for using knowledge management for conflict
resolution and innovation in Africa. Best practices that were identified include an
intra-connected and collective knowledge production system and the production of tacit
knowledge, especially among the new generation or youth. Furthermore, the importance of
intellectual capital (in the form of value-driven leadership, competent managers and expert
knowledge workers) and the activation of an intervention into the continuous spiral of
violent conflict which will ultimately lead to the innovative transformation of African society
are discussed. Finally, some recommendations are offered as possible solutions for conflict
resolution and innovation in Africa. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
GABON
174 Emane Obiang, Ludovic
Gabon : la littérature en question / textes réunis et prés. par Ludovic Obiang. - Lecce :
Alliance française, cop. 2011. - 324 p. : fig., tab. ; 23 cm. - (Interculturel Francophonies ;
20) - Met noten.
ISBN 8895343077
ASC Subject Headings: Gabon; novels; short stories; theatre; literary criticism; French language.
Cet ouvrage présente un panorama de la littérature gabonaise aujourd'hui, plus abondante
qu'autrefois, et qui se renouvelle. Auteurs des études: Clotide-Chantal Alléla Kwévi (sur la
Guinée équatoriale et l'Amérique latine dans trois nouvelles de Ludovic Emane Obiang),
Thierry Ekogha (Identité et existence dans "La vocation de dignité" de J. D. Nyama),
Patricia Sylvie Essonghé (Sémiotique de l'ivresse amoureuse dans "La femme-poison" de
Irène Dembé), Georice Berthin Madébé (Littératures gabonaises: histoire, imaginaires et
formes romanesques - Étude sémiotique de l'énonciation dans "Giambatista Viko ou le viol
du discours africain" de M. a M. Ngal (1975) et "Parole de vivant" d' A.
Moussirou-Mouyama (1992), Nicolas Mba-Zué (L'espace dans l' œuvre romanesque de
Sylvie Ntsame), Clément Moupoumbou (sur "La folle du gouverneur" de Laurent Owondo),
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WEST CENTRAL AFRICA - GABON
Pierre Ndemby Mamfoumbi (Voix narrative et voie des savoirs dans "Cueillez-moi, jolis
messieurs" de Bessora), Ludovic Obiang (Introduction, littérature gabonaise et
développement, et positionnement identitaire dans "La vocation de dignité" de Jean
Divassa Nyama et "Histoire d'Awu" de Justine Mintsa), Steeve Robert Renombo (Littérature
et enseignement au Gabon), Hémery-Hervais Sima Eyi (Analyse sociocritique de la vie
littéraire au Gabon 1898-2011), Didier Taba Odounga (La nouvelle dans l'espace littéraire
gabonais). [Résumé ASC Leiden].
175 Galebay, Abira
Réflexion sur un nouveau modèle de gestion des entreprises publiques en Afrique
francophone: la privatisation des entreprises publiques au Congo et au Gabon / par Abira
Galebay - In: Penant: (2012), année 122, no. 880, p. 360-391.
ASC Subject Headings: Congo (Brazzaville); Gabon; privatization; public enterprises; legal reform.
Dans les années 1990, les États gabonais et congolais, face à une crise internationale
généralisée, ont amorcé, comme d'autres États en Afrique susaharienne, un programme de
privatisation des entreprises publiques. La présente étude a pour objet d'étudier le cadre
juridique de privatisations des entreprises publiques au Congo-Brazzaville et au Gabon. Il
s'agit de créer un cadre juridique capable, d'une part, d'attirer les capitaux étrangers, et
d'autre part, d'éviter que la privatisation des entreprises publiques ne porte gravement
atteinte aux intérêts publics par un bradage du patrimoine public ou une aliénation de la
souveraineté nationale. Comment, dans les deux cas, les pouvoirs publics ont-ils réalisé
l'agencement de ces critères, au regard de la diversité des formes juridiques des
entreprises publiques dans ces pays? La volonté des pouvoirs publics de réformer le cadre
juridique institutionnel, y compris une réforme constitutionnelle, favorable à la mise en
œuvre de la privatisation des entreprises publiques est traitée dans la première partie de
l'article. La mise en œuvre du cadre juridique du programme de privatisation capable de
remédier aux dysfonctionnemnts des entreprises publiques fait l'objet de la seconde partie.
Notes, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
EAST AFRICA
GENERAL
176 Ndereyahaga, Richard
Macroeconomic convergence within EAC countries: towards a single currency / Richard
Ndereyahaga - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 251-276 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: East Africa; East African Community; financial conditions; monetary areas.
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EAST AFRICA - GENERAL
The present paper investigates the extent of macroeconomic convergence in the East
African Community (EAC) countries (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda) using
the "sigma convergence hypothesis" on the GDP growth rates, on the CPI (consumer price
index) growth rates and on the monetary variables. With respect to GDP growth rate, a
nominal variable, there is evidence of lack of convergence overall and some evidence of
convergence on monetary policy variables in some instances, while no convergence has
been found for fiscal policy variables. There is a strong need to increase policy
harmonization and coordination within the EAC countries, so as to stimulate
macroeconomic convergence and policy environment effectiveness. The national planning
strategies should include stability criteria and macroeconomic convergence benchmarks to
ensure effective convergence and bring the regional integration process to success.
Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
177 Niyongabo, Gilbert
Convergence et Union monétaire à l'East African Community: réflexion sur les critères
formels à respecter / Gilbert Niyongabo - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p.
128-151 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: East Africa; East African Community; economic conditions; economic
integration; monetary areas.
Pressentie pour 2012 dans les textes régissant l'East African Community puis relancée
pour 2015, l'Union monétaire constitue encore un débat au sens des pays de l'East African
Community. Le présent article revient sur les critères formels à respecter à l'instar de ceux
de l'Union européenne pour constituer une zone monétaire stable. Il propose un descriptif
des indicateurs de performance économiques de la zone, et termine par une estimation
économique pour vérifier les déterminants de la stabilité monétaire et de la croissance
économique au Burundi et dans l'EAC. Bibliogr., note, rés. [Résumé extrait de la revue]
178 Ogude, James
Rethinking Eastern African literary and intellectual landscapes / ed. by James Ogude,
Grace A. Musila and Dina Ligaga. - Trenton, NJ [etc.] : Africa World Press, cop. 2012. XXVI, 424 p. ; 23 cm - Bibliogr.: p. [381]-411. - Met index, noten.
ISBN 1592218857
ASC Subject Headings: East Africa; literary history; intellectual history; literature; literary journals;
novels; popular literature; poetry; praise poetry; popular music.
At one level archival and at another a critical reflection on the state of production and
consumption of Eastern African literary cultures, this book brings together contributions
from a range of scholars from the region. Eastern Africa here refers not only to Kenya,
Tanzania and Uganda, but, among others, also to Somalia, Ethiopia and the Indian Ocean
112
EAST AFRICA - GENERAL
world including the Arab, Indian and Asian diasporas. The book pays attention to past and
present intellectual debates, to canonical and non-canonical texts and to literary and
popular art forms such as poetry, music and other forms of media, including radio and
television broadcasting and the Internet, and the manner in which they offer insights into
everyday life in the region. The book is divided into four parts: I. Literary and intellectual
traditions; II. The Eastern African canon and postcolonial imaginaries; III. Eastern African
diasporas; IV. Performance and media. Contributors: James Ogude, Tom Odhiambo,
Garnette Oluoch-Olunya, Christopher Joseph Odhiambo, Susan N. Kiguli, Lynda Gichanda
Spencer, Fatima Fiona Moolla, Isaac Ndlovu, Edwin Mosoti, Tom Olali, Maria Olaussen,
Grace A. Musila, Godwin Siundu, Tom M. Mboya, Maria Suriano, Dominic Dipio, Dina
Ligaga, Fred Mbogo and George Ogola. [ASC Leiden abstract]
BURUNDI
179 Akintore, Adélard
Dynamiques des organisations/groupements ruraux: cas de la commune Bukeye / Adélard
Akintore - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 313-333 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; rural areas; State-society relationship; farmers' associations.
Depuis une trentaine d'années, on assiste à une recrudescence du mouvement associatif
en milieu rural africain. Les dynamiques que l'on observe depuis les années 1980 sont à
mettre dans le contexte de crise économique généralisée, de sévères remises en cause de
l'État post-colonial, d'effondrement des régimes dictatoriaux et de démocratisation. Au
Burundi, le mouvement associatif s'est renforcé depuis les années 2000. Les organisations
paysannes rurales cherchent une reconnaissance institutionnelle qui leur permette
d'engager des relations avec l'État ou les ONG au Burundi. Le présent article met en
lumière différents aspects de la dynamique de ces associations/groupements ruraux, leur
histoire, leurs caractéristiques, la vision des acteurs eux-mêmes, les objectifs poursuivis.
Bibliogr., réf., rés. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
180 Banderembako, Déo
Le financement du logement au Burundi: défis et réponses possibles / Déo Banderembako
- In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 1-33 : fig., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; urban housing; financing; housing policy.
Le secteur du logement au Burundi fait face à quatre principales contraintes: la rareté des
ressources stables, le faible pouvoir d'achat de la population, les coûts de construction qui
augmentent sans cesse consécutivement au niveau d'inflation généralement très élevé
pour les matériaux de construction, les terrains et la main d'œuvre, et la faible implication
du secteur privé dans le secteur du logement. Le présent article propose des pistes de
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EAST AFRICA - BURUNDI
solutions, dont celle de faire jouer un rôle fondamental au secteur privé dans le
financement du logement. L'État devrait créer les conditions techniques et fiscales
favorables à l'émergence des entreprises privées de promotion immobilière. Il importe de
repenser le type de logement et de matériaux de construction à utiliser pour construire des
logements accessibles financièrement à la population burundaise. Il faudrait aussi changer
les mentalités par une sensibilisation dans la population. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. [Résumé
ASC Leiden]
181 Bankamwabo, Jimmy
Fluctuation des prix des produits pétroliers et son impact sur les prix des principales
céréales importées par le Burundi (2000-2009) / Jimmy Bankamwabo et Léonard
Nkunzimana - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 277-312 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; price control; petroleum; cereals; imports.
Au Burundi, le secteur pétrolier occupe une place importante dans les échanges extérieurs
du pays. Les produits pétroliers représentent environ quatre-vingt-cinq pour cent de
l'énergie consommée et commercialisée. Ces produits sont en totalité importés et
mobilisent plus de trente pour cent des recettes d'exportation, ce qui grève lourdement la
balance des paiements du pays. Les prix des produits agricoles, quant à eux, ne sont pas
fixes. Ils sont marqués par deux caractéristiques: l'instabilité et l'incertitude. L'objectif de la
présente étude est de vérifier par une analyse économétrique l'impact de la fluctuation des
prix du carburant sur celle des prix des céréales importées au Burundi. Les résultats de
l'analyse montrent que les prix de l'essence et des céréales telles que le blé, le sorgho et le
maïs évoluent ensemble dans le temps. Toute mesure visant à la révision des prix de
l'essence à la baisse ou à la hausse affecte de manière significative la variation des prix de
ces produits alimentaires. La variation à la baisse du prix de l'essence est souhaitée pour
renforcer la sécurité alimentaire des ménages urbains. Ann., bibliogr., réf., rés. [Résumé
ASC Leiden]
182 Curtis, Devon
The international peacebuilding paradox : power sharing and post-conflict governance in
Burundi / Devon Curtis - In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 72-91.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; peacebuilding; governance; power-sharing.
At first glance, Burundi represents a successful negotiated transition to peaceful
governance through power sharing, and a justification for regional and international
peacebuilders' involvement. It is undeniable that Burundi is safer than it was a decade or
two ago. Most notably, while Burundi was once known for its ethnic divisions and
antagonism, today ethnicity is no longer the most salient feature around which conflict is
generated. Nevertheless, this article argues that the Burundian experience illuminates
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EAST AFRICA - BURUNDI
international peacebuilding contradictions. Peacebuilding in Burundi highlights the complex
interplay between outside ideas and interests, and multiple Burundian ideas and interests.
This is illustrated by the negotiation and implementation of governance institutions and
practices in Burundi. Outsiders promoted governance ideas that were in line with their
favoured conception of peacebuilding, and Burundian politicians renegotiated and
reinterpreted these institutions and practices. Even as international rhetoric about
peacebuilding emphasized liberal governance and inclusive participation, narrower
conceptions of peacebuilding as stabilization and control became dominant. Thus,
encounters between international, regional, and local actors have produced governance
arrangements that are at odds with their liberal and inclusionary rhetorics. Paradoxically,
the activities of international peacebuilders have contributed to an 'order' in Burundi where
violence, coercion, and militarism remain central. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
183 Gahungu, Dieudonné
Image de marque et fidélité de la clientèle des particuliers: le cas du secteur bancaire au
Burundi / Dieudonné Gahungu - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 34-70 : fig., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; marketing; banks.
À la fin de 2009, le Burundi compte sept banques commerciales et deux établissements
financiers, quatre sociétés d'assurance et un institut de sécurité sociale. Les banques
burundaises éprouvent des difficultés à avoir des ressources durables pour finacer
l'économie. L'entrée du Burundi dans l'Eastern African Community (EAC) est à la fois une
opportunité pour les banques et une menace, à cause de la concurrence. Eu égard à ce
contexte de marché étroit et de concurrence accrue, la fidélisation de la clientèle devient
une préoccupation majeure de la direction des banques. Pour fidéliser un client, il faut
connaître le poids de l'image de la marque et des associations suscitées par cette marque
chez la clientèle. La présente recherche analyse l'image de marque des trois principales
banques burundaises, tout en se limitant à la capitale du Burundi, Bujumbura. Bibliogr.,
note, rés. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
184 Manirakiza, Désiré
Les intellectuels burundais face au piège de l'ethnisme / Désiré Manirakiza - In: African
Sociological Review: (2011), vol. 15, no. 1, p. 20-47.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; academics; ethnicity.
Le rôle habituellement attribué à un intellectuel libre et responsable est d'être un producteur
d'idées objectives, et d'accepter de discuter avec la même objectivité les travaux
scientifiques de ses pairs. Si cet idéal-type est difficile à atteindre dans toutes les sociétés,
il l'est davantage dans une société ethniquement polarisée comme le Burundi. Piégés par
un ethnisme violent qui a été construit et divulgué par les politiques qui ont géré le pays
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EAST AFRICA - BURUNDI
avant, pendant et après la colonisation, les intellectuels qui se sont prononcés sur les
violences répétitives au Burundi ont, à quelques exceptions près, oublié leur identité
nationale et se sont plutôt présentés comme les défenseurs de leur ethnie. Cet article
présente les productions scientifiques de quelques intellectuels burundais en prenant soin
de montrer comment le choix des événements à analyser et le ton utilisé révèlent
l'appartenance ethnique des auteurs. Il tente une explication du déficit d'objectivité en
montrant d'une part, que le lettré burundais porte les stigmates de la société burundaise qui
l'a formé et, d'autre part, que ses positions partisanes obéissent souvent à des enjeux bien
précis. Enfin, l'article introduit le concept de 'mémoires conflictuelles' et met en exergue la
part de la responsabilité des intellectuels dans la propagation de l'ethnisme politique.
Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. [Résumé extrait de la revue, adapté]
185 Ndayitwayeko, W.-M.
Marketing analysis of rice imports in Burundi: a new empirical industrial organization
approach / W.-M. Ndayitwayeko - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 229-250 : graf.,
tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; rice; food imports; grain prices; price policy.
Rice consumption in Burundi depends highly on imports. Imports themselves experience
high volatility due to sociopolitical conditions and fiscal policy. Rice is imported from the
world's top rice producers such as India, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam, but also from
neighbouring countries such as Tanzania. The present study examines the market power of
rice imports using the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) paradigm. The findings
of the NEIO model show that both capita consumption and income on the one hand and
rice production on the other have an impact on rice importation, while the price of imported
rice significantly affects the local rice price in Burundi. The government has to keep on
investing in rice research since this has been shown to have a positive effect on the
competitiveness of local rice production against imported rice. A clear policy on the price of
agricultural commodities may be a boost to producers and consumers as well. Bibliogr.,
sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
186 Ndoricimpa, Arcade
Tax-and-spend, spend-and-tax, or fiscal synchronization? Evidence from Burundi / Arcade
Ndoricimpa - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 170-195 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; taxation; public expenditure.
The present paper applies Granger causality tests based on Toda-Yamamoto procedure
and VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) framework, to determine the relationship
between government spending and government taxes in Burundi using recent monthly data
during the period 1996-2009. The empirical analysis discoverd a firm positive unidirectional
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EAST AFRICA - BURUNDI
causality from government tax to government spending, supporting Friedman's (1978)
version of the tax-and-spend hypothesis for Burundi. The empirical findings suggest,
therefore, that in Burundi unsustainable budget deficits can be mitigated by policies that cut
government taxes. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
187 Niyondiko, Dominique
Étude des déterminants de l'itinéraire thérapeutique de première intention de la commune
urbaine de Buterere / Dominique Niyondiko - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p.
196-228.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; folk medicine; health care; attitudes.
Il est nécessaire de prendre en compte le rôle de la médecine traditionnelle et de
l'automédication dans l'appréciation de l'efficacité des systèmes de santé dans les pays
africains. Il faut reconnaître les limites et compétences respectives de ces types de
médecine, ainsi que la complexité des situations de morbidité que rencontrent les
populations. Au Burundi, quatre-vingts pour cent de la population recourent à la médecine
traditionnelle et le ratio moyen des tradipraticiens par rapport à la population est estimé à
un sur deux cents, tandis que celui des médecins est de un sur vint-cinq mille. Aujourd'hui,
la médecine traditionnelle est devenue une pratique légale au Burundi; des associations de
guérisseurs traditionnels ont vu le jour et sont agrées au ministère de la Santé.
Partiellement fondée sur une enquête, la présente étude analyse les déterminants des
itinéraires thérapeutiques des populations de Buterere. Les itinéraires thérapeutiques des
populations de Buterere sont fonction des caractéristiques des populations et des types de
soins qui leur sont offerts. Des efforts doivent être déployés par les pouvoirs publics et les
ONG pour assurer l'efficacité des pratiques médicales locales en agissant sur les variables
susceptibles de provoquer une utilisation accrue de cette médecine dans la mesure où ses
vertus sont reconnues par les organismes internationaux compétents. Bibliogr., rés.
[Résumé ASC Leiden]
188 Nkurunziza, Désiré
Analyse de l'effet de l'instabilité des exportations sur la croissance économique au Burundi
/ Désiré Nkurunziza - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 152-169 ; tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; economic development; exports.
La quasi-totalité des recettes d'exportations du Burundi provient d'un petit nombre de
produits primaires dont les prix sont très volatiles sur les marchés internationaux. La
présente étude analyse empiriquement l'effet de l'instabilité des exportations sur la
croissance économique au Burundi en utilisant un modèle qui repose sur une fonction de
production de type néoclassique augmentée des exportations et de deux indicateurs de
l'instabilité des exportations. Les résultats des estimations indiquent que l'instabilité des
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exportations a un effet négatif, mais non significatif, sur la croissance de l'économie
burundaise. Par contre, l'accroissement des exportations a un effet positif et significatif sur
la croissance économique. Ces résultats suggèrent que le Burundi devrait réduire
l'instabilité de ses exportations et favoriser leur augmentation pour stimuler la croissance
économique. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la
revue]
189 Nzirorera, Cyriaque
Taxation optimale et autonomisation de la collecte des recettes au Burundi / Cyriaque
Nzirorera - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 102-127 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; taxation; fiscal policy; tax administration.
L'autonomisation de la collecte fiscale et douanière au Burundi, concrétisée dès le 1er
juillet 2009 par la création de l'Office Burundais des Recettes (OBR), a pour objectif
principal de mobiliser et gérer efficacement les recettes fiscales et douanières. Après avoir
présenté les principes de taxation optimale, le présent article passe en revue l'état des
lieux du système fiscal burundais. Celui-ci est entre autres caractérisé par la
prépondérance des impôts indirects par rapport aux impôts directs, par une pression fiscale
relativement faible ainsi que par l'insuffisance de l'effort fiscal. Ceci laisse entrevoir des
possibilités futures de mobilisation accrue des recettes fiscales et douanières à condition
que la gestion de l'OBR soit dépolitisée. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. [Résumé extrait de la
revue]
190 Palmans, Eva
Les élections de 2010 au Burundi : quel avenir pour la démocratie et la paix? / Eva
Palmans - In: Journal of African Elections: (2011), vol. 10, no. 1, p. 48-73.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; elections; 2010; CNDD-FDD.
Les élections de 2010 ont constitué en quelque sorte un rendez-vous manqué dans la
consolidation de la démocratie et de la paix au Burundi. À travers l'analyse du processus
électoral, l'auteur démontre le non-respect des règles du jeu démocratique étant le
renoncement à toute forme de violence, le respect de l'état de droit et l'acceptation de la
démocratie, non seulement comme une route vers le pouvoir, mais comme un système où
les partis perdent les élections. La responsabilité de ce non-respect est partagée entre le
parti au pouvoir, le Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces pour le
Défense de la Démocratie (CNDD-FDD), principalement par son attitude autoritaire,
recourant à différentes formes de violences. Du côté de l'opposition, il s'agit principalement
du non acceptation des résultats d'élections démocratiques, tout en boycottant le
processus électoral, sans exclure le recours à la violence afin de se faire écouter. Le retrait
de la plupart des partis de l'opposition du processus électoral a aggravé leur position sur la
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scène politique et a donné au CNDD-FDD un pouvoir presque absolu légitimé par les
résultats des urnes. Bibliogr., notes, rés. en anglais. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
191 Rutaké, Pascal
Planification et politiques de santé en milieu urbain: cas de la mairie de Bujumbura / Pascal
Rutaké et Siméon Barumwété - In: Cahier du CURDES: (2011), no. 12, p. 71-101 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Burundi; public health; health policy; health education.
Les représentations de la santé au Burundi insistent sur l'absence de maladie ou d'infirmité.
C'est cette conception qui guide les planificateurs de la santé dans la définition des
priorités d'action dans le cadre des politiques de santé. Ces dernières s'inspirent aussi du
paradigme de recouvrement des coûts et par conséquent elles rendent inaccessibles les
soins aux pauvres, sans ressources pour les payer. D'où l'apparition des pratiques de
limitation des libertés envers les malades observées dans les hôpitaux à gestion autonome
de Bujumbura. Bien plus, depuis l'époque coloniale, les politiques de santé visent
essentiellement la lutte contre les maladies et n'insistent pas sur la mise en place des
programmes d'éducation à la santé afin d'aider certains groupes spécifiques dont les
écoliers, les prisonniers, les travailleurs, à adopter des habitudes de vie (pratique
d'exercices physiques, hygiène, bonne alimentation, repos, etc.) qui conduisent à éviter
certains risques sanitaires (consommation de tabac, consommation d'alcool, etc.) qui
pourraient déboucher sur des maladies dans l'avenir. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. [Résumé
extrait de la revue]
KENYA
192 Carotenuto, Matthew
Special issue: toward a history of violence in colonial Kenya / guest eds.: Matthew
Carotenuto and Brett Shadle. - Boston, MA : Boston University, 2012. - p. 1-101. : graf.,
tab. ; 23 cm. - (international journal of African historical studies, ISSN 0361-7882 ; vol. 45,
no. 1) - Met noten.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; violence; corporal punishment; capital punishment; colonists;
colonial period.
The four articles in this special issue extend attention to violence in colonial Kenya beyond
conquest and resistance. Instead, they focus on how violence was employed in daily life
and how Kenyans were socialized into a culture of violence on a local level. Matthew
Carotenuto uses the case of forced repatriation of African women in colonial Kenya to
examine differing notions of urban citizenship, and how a wider movement of youthful male
conservatism from western Kenya shaped the acceptable limits of gendered violence in the
public sphere. Paul Ocobock deals with corporal punishment, colonial violence and
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generational authority in the period 1897-1952. Brett Shadle and Stacey Hynd expand on
the connections between public violence and colonial authority and argue that corporal
punishment and even the death penalty were central to establishing the racial hierarchy of
settler society. However, while most colonial officials and white settlers saw the need to use
public violence to maintain 'proper' interracial relations, Hynd shows how debates over
employing mercy at the gallows was also a way to demonstrate the benevolence of colonial
rule. [ASC Leiden abstract]
193 Cooper, Elizabeth
Sitting and standing: how families are fixing trust in uncertain times / Elizabeth Cooper - In:
Africa / International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 3, p. 437-456.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; Luo; family; orphans; child care.
There is widespread apprehension about the resilience of the 'traditional African' model of
the extended family in maintaining norms and practices of inter-group cooperation and care
in conditions of demographic, social and economic change. In Nyanza Province, Kenya,
where one of every five children is currently orphaned, and HIV/AIDS and wide-scale
poverty continue to render lives and livelihoods insecure, many people are not able to take
their families' care for granted. Ideas and practices of kinship have been challenged
profoundly by questions regarding who is responsible for the care of orphaned children.
This article looks at two complementary practices among Luo families in western Kenya
that address such dilemmas: the communal initiative of 'sitting' as a family to discuss and
resolve issues in a cooperative and consensual manner; and the individualistic initiative of
'standing' to represent the interests of another individual. The author suggests that while
the immediate purposes of sitting and standing are pragmatic in assigning caring
responsibilities for specific children, their eventfulness also actualizes something greater:
trust, reciprocity and solidarity among extended families. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in
English and French. [Journal abstract]
194 Eisenberg, Andrew J.
Hip-hop and cultural citizenship on Kenya's 'Swahili coast' / Andrew J. Eisenberg - In: Africa
/ International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p. 556-578 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; popular music; urban youth; Islam; Swahili language; citizenship.
The Muslim-dominated 'Swahili coast' has always served as a conceptual as well as
physical periphery for postcolonial Kenya. This article takes Kenyan youth music under the
influence of global hip-hop as an ethnographic entry into the dynamics of identity and
citizenship in this region. Kenyan youth music borrows from global hip-hop culture the idea
that an artist must 'represent the real'. The ways in which these regional artists construct
their public personae thus provide rich data on 'cultural citizenship', in Aihwa Ong's (1996)
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sense of citizenship as subjectification. The article focuses on youth music production in the
Kenyan coastal city of Mombasa between 2004 and 2007. During this time, some local
artists adopted a representational strategy that subtly reinscribed the symbolic violence to
which members of the coast's Muslim-Swahili society have long been subjected. The article
examines the representational strategies that were adopted during this period by
Mombasan artists who happened to be members of the Muslim-Swahili society ('subjects of
the Swahili coast'), with an ethnographic eye and ear trained on what they say about the
ways in which young subjects of the Swahili coast are objectified and subjectified as
'Kenyan youth' in the twenty-first century. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French.
[Journal abstract]
195 Jenkins, Sarah
Ethnicity, violence, and the immigrant-guest metaphor in Kenya / Sarah Jenkins - In:
African Affairs: (2012), vol. 111, no. 445, p. 576-596.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; ethnicity; immigrants; political violence; 2007.
Kenya's enduring ethnic violence is frequently explained with reference to the mobilization
of ethnicity from above, and relatively little attention has been paid to the participation of
ordinary people. Focusing on the violence that followed the 2007 general elections, this
article explores how bottom-up processes of identification and violence interacted with
incitement from above. It argues that autochthonous discourses of belonging and exclusion
engendered an understanding of ethnic others as 'immigrants' and 'guests', and these
narratives of territorialized identity both reinforced elite manipulation and operated
independently of it. It offers an illustration of this territorialized identity narrative through an
examination of burial customs and the formation of ethnic enclaves. Kenya's post-election
violence can thus be understood as a bottom-up performance of narratives of ethnic
territorial exclusion operating alongside more direct elite involvement, organization, and
incitement. The durability of these narratives, as well as their inherent plasticity, has
significant implications for the potential for further violence and the prospects for
democratization. The analysis is based on fieldwork carried out in Kenya between October
2009 and August 2010, during which 533 narrative interviews were conducted with
residents of urban slums and peri-urban centres around Eldoret, Nairobi and Nakuru.
Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
196 Lambert, Gabriel
"If the government were not here we would kill him" : continuity and change in response to
the Witchcraft Ordinances in Nyanza, Kenya, c. 1910-1960 / Gabriel Lambert - In: Journal
of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p. 613-630.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; legislation; customary law; jurisprudence; witchcraft; colonial period.
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The Kenyan Witchcraft Ordinances, passed by the British administration in 1909 then
revised in 1918 and 1925, represented an attempt by the colonial government to control the
punishment of a variety of magical practitioners. This article examines how they were
applied successfully in Nyanza. Administrators and judges were forced to recognize their
own ignorance of what constituted an offence and leave definitional control of witchcraft in
the hands of local people, especially after 1933 when Native Tribunals were authorized and
actively encouraged to hear most of the cases. There remained a fundamental
incompatibility between the "cognitive map" that underpinned beliefs in the power of magic
and a colonial rational-legal judicial system that relied on empirical evidence. Despite
indications to the contrary, British officials persisted in their claim that such "superstitions"
would naturally decline with the advance of education. In this context the colonial mindset
had a lesser claim to reality than belief in the power of magic. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
197 Lochery, Emma
Rendering difference visible: the Kenyan State and its Somali citizens / Emma Lochery - In:
African Affairs: (2012), vol. 111, no. 445, p. 615-639.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; Somali; citizenship; ethnic relations.
This article examines the history of Somalis in Kenya. It argues that the precarious
citizenship status of Kenyan Somalis is rooted in the institutionalization of State power in
Kenya and the ways in which social relations have mediated that power. It focuses on a
screening exercise organized by the Kenyan government in 1989 to differentiate citizens
from non-citizens. Somalis deemed non-citizens were detained and deported while those
declared citizens were granted pink 'certificates of verification'. The exercise was framed as
a response to disorder and insecurity in northern Kenya - problems blamed on the
increased presence of 'aliens' from Somalia. The 1989 screening is a useful lens for
understanding how the institutions of the Kenyan State have negotiated and produced
citizenship. First, the screening shows how citizenship is an arena for both inter- and
intra-ethnic competition; the way specific social relations are embedded within the
structures of the State affects the distribution of rights and resources among different
groups of citizens. Second, the organization of the screening reveals that public debates
about citizenship in Kenya have not just been about drawing lines between insiders and
outsiders, but about which insiders belong to which territorial spaces. The analysis draws
on interviews during fieldwork carried out in Kenya from March to April 2008 and April to
September 2010, as well as on a wide range of published material. Notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
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198 Park, Jeong Kyung
'Singwaya was a mere small station' : Islamization and ethnic primacy in Digo oral traditions
of origin and migration / Jeong Kyung Park - In: Journal of African Cultural Studies: (2012),
vol. 24, no. 2, p. 157-170.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; Digo; oral traditions; Islamization.
The oral tradition about Singwaya as a place of origin and the subsequent migration from
there is a frequent topic in discussions of the ethnic orientation of the coastal people of
Kenya. As these people have undergone social change over time, their oral traditions
concerning Singwaya have similarly seen changes and shifts. This article aims at
interpreting how the dynamic realities of social transition undergone by the Digo of the
south coast of Kenya are articulated in their oral traditions of origin and migration. The
analysis centres on the effects of Islamization and the claims of ethnic primacy observed in
the present versions of Digo oral traditions. While the vast majority of the Digo have
become Muslims, their socio-economic and political status has been marginalized in
post-independence Kenya. Their experiences and sentiments in the shifting conditions of
the coastal society have been reflected in their oral traditions. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
199 Terblanche, Lize
Contextualisation in East African English : a corpus-based study of register variation / Lize
Terblanche - In: Language Matters: (2012), vol. 43, no. 1, p. 21-38 : graf.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; Tanzania; English language; language usage.
In this article, contextualization refers to the anchoring of discourse in a specific time and
place. Five linguistic features associated with spatio-temporal contextualization are
analysed: present tense verbs, past tense verbs, perfect aspect, time adverbials and place
adverbials. The purpose is to identify whether these linguistic features are used equally
across the board in East African English discourse, or whether certain features are more
often associated with particular registers. Twenty-two spoken and written registers of the
International Corpus of East African English (ICE-EA), which only contains data from Kenya
and Tanzania, are analysed using a corpus-based methodology. Results indicate that
social letters have the highest standardized score for the contextualization features of all
the registers and instructional writing, such as administrative texts, has the lowest
standardized score for these features. Overall, the different needs and uses for
contextualization are reflected in the total standardized scores across registers. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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200 Wasamba, Peter
What do Kenyan artists get for their skill? : reforming compensation under copyright / Peter
Wasamba and Bernard Sihanya - In: Journal of African Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no.
2, p. 171-183.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; oral traditions; intellectual property; legislation; artists; fieldwork;
compensation.
Financial compensation for oral literature artists in Kenya who act as respondents for
researchers of oral folklore is advocated by some and opposed by others. After
summarizing both positions, the authors argue that one of the explanations for the high
non-response rates among sampled respondents in Kenya is an assumption on the part of
researchers that all informants are willing to participate in research projects for free, or for
any kind of compensation the researcher deems fit. In general, there is a lack of clarity
about issues of ownership, copyright and benefit when it concerns research on folklore
expressions. The policy document of the Government of Kenya 'Traditional Knowledge,
Folklore and Genetic Resources' (2009) is more populist than realistic. It fails to appreciate
that traditional communities have a strong sharing ethos, but that this does not mean that
anything is shared with everybody. There is a need to treat reciprocity between researchers
and respondents not just as a moral and ethical issue. The authors argue for the
importance of recognizing the financial, economic and related interests of artists through
appropriate policy and legislative and regulatory frameworks. They outline two copyright
regimes, a property regime and a liability regime, that can be employed to benefit artists
financially. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
201 Willis, Justin
"Pwani C Kenya"? : memory, documents and secessionist politics in coastal Kenya / Justin
Willis and George Gona - In: African Affairs: (2013), vol. 112, no. 446, p. 48-71.
ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; separatism.
Following the elections of 2007, there was a significant increase in public expressions of
secessionist feeling on the Kenya coast. During 2010 and 2011, one manifestation of this
was the emergence of the Mombasa Republican Council (MRC), which demands
independence for the coastal region. The language of secessionism is historical, and
revisits the vivid political debates of the late 1950s and early 1960s, when politics in coastal
Kenya revolved successively around two constitutional issues. The first was the possibility
that the Ten-Mile Strip, nominally the sovereign territory of the Sultan of Zanzibar, might not
become a part of independent Kenya; the second was the 'regionalist' constitution of
1963-1964. This article explores the way that people now retell the history of earlier
debates, and argues that these retellings suggest both the power and the plasticity of
claims to historical knowledge, and that they reveal a profound fault line within
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'secessionist' opinion, which separates those who claim political primacy on the basis of
autochthony from those who locate their claim to independence in the language of
colonial-era treaties. Such divisions are important, because they shape the way that
secessionist arguments are framed, and the potential for secessionist politics to undermine
the unity of the Kenyan State. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
RWANDA
202 Velthuizen, Andreas Gerhardus -DriesBest practices for the management of knowledge for conflict resolution: lessons learned
from the Great Lakes region of Africa / Andreas Gerhardus (Dries) Velthuizen - In:
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p.118-131 : fig.
ASC Subject Headings: Democratic Republic of Congo; Rwanda; Uganda; Great Lakes region;
conflict resolution; indigenous knowledge; information management.
This article deals with the management of knowledge for conflict resolution and innovation
in Africa. After a brief discussion of the research methodology followed, a feedback is
provided on the field study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in northern Uganda and Rwanda
and at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania, and in
the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo). As a result of the field study, certain principles
and practices were identified whereby the challenges facing Africa could be examined. The
author found five "realms" in which knowledge management can take place and that
traditional knowledge practices, if merged with more modern knowledge management
practices, provide a valuable framework for using knowledge management for conflict
resolution and innovation in Africa. Best practices that were identified include an
intra-connected and collective knowledge production system and the production of tacit
knowledge, especially among the new generation or youth. Furthermore, the importance of
intellectual capital (in the form of value-driven leadership, competent managers and expert
knowledge workers) and the activation of an intervention into the continuous spiral of
violent conflict which will ultimately lead to the innovative transformation of African society
are discussed. Finally, some recommendations are offered as possible solutions for conflict
resolution and innovation in Africa. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
TANZANIA
203 Beckmann, Nadine
Medicines of hope?: the tough decision for anti-retroviral use for HIV in Zanzibar, Tanzania
/ Nadine Beckmann - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p.
690-708.
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ASC Subject Headings: Zanzibar; AIDS; medicinal drugs; social relations; women; ethics; health
care.
The provision of free anti-retroviral treatment for AIDS in Zanzibar since March 2005 is the
result of enormous struggles at a global scale and has provided immense relief for
sufferers. At the same time, the new 'medicines of hope', as they quickly became known,
have produced new uncertainties about how best to respond to HIV/AIDS, both for the
infected individual and for the society at large. ART programmes make possible a
biologized, pharmaceutical life. Drawing on three case studies of women with AIDS this
paper shows how HIV-positive people struggle to make decisions in an environment
characterized by deep uncertainties about the nature and causes of HIV/AIDS in particular,
and about the continuity of Zanzibari society in general. It argues that health interventions
cannot be orientated to 'life itself'; they must be attuned to the contexts in which life takes
place. Analysing people's actions and behaviours in the context of their lives-as-lived
throws light onto apparently irrational decisions and emphasizes the importance of an
in-depth understanding of local moral worlds and social contexts. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
204 Du Plessis, Theodorus
Special issue: Language politics in Africa / guest ed.: Theodorus du Plessis. - Oxford :
Routledge, 2012. - p. 125-282. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Language matters, ISSN 1022-8195 ; vol. 43,
no. 2) - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; South Africa; Tanzania; language policy.
The contributions to this special issue broadly cover three overall themes in language
politics, i.e. language diversity, conflict and the politics of integration; language policy and
politics in education (schools and higher education); and language policy and politics in the
linguistic landscape. Contents: ‘The greasy pole of dehumanisation’: language and violence
in South Africa (Anne-Marie Beukes); The evolution of national vocabulary in Nigeria:
implications for national cultural integration (Felix Ogoanah); What is the future of Greek in
South Africa? Language shift and maintenance in the Greek community of Johannesburg
(Allistair McDuling and Lawrie Barnes); Language-in-education policy development in
Tanzania: an overview (Eustard Tibategeza and Theodorus du Plessis); Managing
multilingualism in higher education in post-1994 South Africa (Vic Webb); The North-West
University language policy: a glimmer of hope and flashes of red lights (Themba Ngwenya);
Translated for the dogs: language use in Cape Town signage (Tessa Dowling); The role of
language policy in linguistic landscape changes in a rural area of the Free State Province of
South Africa (Theodorus du Plessis). [ASC Leiden abstract]
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205 Fouéré, Marie-Aude
Reinterpreting revolutionary Zanzibar in the media today : the case of 'Dira' newspaper /
Marie-Aude Fouéré - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p.
672-689.
ASC Subject Headings: Zanzibar; journalism; national identity; memory; newspapers; revolutions;
1964.
For years, the official narrative of the Zanzibari nation imposed a specific conception of
identity and citizenship built on a racial understanding of the Isles' history and the silencing
of collective memories of violence perpetrated by the 1964-1972 regime. The
democratization process of the mid-1990s allowed for the emergence of a critical public
sphere which contributed to the public circulation of alternative national imaginaries and the
resurfacing of clandestine collective memories. This paper explores the role of the press in
the production and circulation of alternative narratives of the 1964 Revolution and its
aftermath by focusing on a newspaper called 'Dira'. It shows how issues raised by the
newspaper's memory entrepreneurs engage with collective representations of belonging
and the nation in Zanzibar. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
206 Ivanov, Paola
Constructing translocal socioscapes: consumerism, aesthetics, and visuality in Zanzibar
Town / Paola Ivanov - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p.
631-654 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Zanzibar; aesthetics; social life; consumption; Swahili.
In examining the burgeoning practices of conspicuous consumption of imported
commodities in contemporary Zanzibar Town, this contribution seeks to go beyond
simplifying interpretations of non-Western consumerism by focusing on the significance of
aesthetics and beauty in Zanzibar's social life. Following Alfred Gell, aesthetics is seen as a
"technology of enchantment". It deploys its effectiveness in an agonistic as well as unifying
sense in the course of ceremonial exchanges of the gift of beauty, which in turn serves as a
veiled disclosure of socioeconomic and moral values in a Muslim world characterized by
the habitus of "covering". It is argued that the topic of aesthetics, which is mostly neglected
by anthropology, provides a clue to a deeper understanding of key processes of
constructing difference and value, as well as of community building in Swahili societies.
Such a perspective reveals specific, culturally shaped patterns not only of consumerism,
but also of relating to the social and material world which cannot be subsumed under
Western models. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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207 Matheson, Archie
'Maridhiano': Zanzibar's remarkable reconciliation and Government of National Unity /
Archie Matheson - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p. 591-612 :
krt.
ASC Subject Headings: Zanzibar; political change; political conflicts; power-sharing.
Within the last three years the political situation in Zanzibar has undergone a staggering
transformation, from the enduring division which has beset the islands since independence
in 1963, to a harmonious Government of National Unity (GNU) formed by two previously
antagonistic parties. This change, however, has been overlooked by both academia and
the international media. In light of persisting historiographical disagreements and the lack of
evidence and analysis referring to the past decade, this paper takes care to set the
previous political environment in context. Having done so, the paper draws from interviews
with inhabitants of the long-marginalized island of Pemba and senior political figures in
order to document the development and effect of the reconciliation process, known as
'Maridhiano', at both parliamentary and local levels. It shows the GNU to have improved
both democratic practices and community relations. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
208 Sebonde, Rafiki
Code-switching and social stratification in a rural Chasu community in Tanzania / Rafiki
Sebonde - In: Language Matters: (2012), vol. 43, no. 1, p. 60-76 : tab.
ASC
Subject Headings:
Tanzania;
Asu language;
Swahili language;
English
language;
codeswitching; sociolinguistics.
Traditionally, contact linguistics paid less attention to internal speaker diversity in contact
situations, treating groups in contact as relatively homogeneous. This research investigates
whether different subgroups of speakers in a contact situation show different effects. In
particular, this research investigates whether key sociolinguistic variables such as social
class, gender, age and educational levels have as much bearing as in Western variationist
sociolinguistics, in explaining the occurrence of code-switching in the rural trilingual Chasu
community of the Same District (Kilimanjaro, Tanzania), where Chasu, Swahili and English
coexist. The study reveals how the socioeconomic status of the language used by the
dominant group, and the degree and duration of contact determine the scope of
code-switching among rural Tanzanian Chasu speakers. Bibliogr., note, sum. [Journal
abstract]
209 Terblanche, Lize
Contextualisation in East African English : a corpus-based study of register variation / Lize
Terblanche - In: Language Matters: (2012), vol. 43, no. 1, p. 21-38 : graf.
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ASC Subject Headings: Kenya; Tanzania; English language; language usage.
In this article, contextualization refers to the anchoring of discourse in a specific time and
place. Five linguistic features associated with spatio-temporal contextualization are
analysed: present tense verbs, past tense verbs, perfect aspect, time adverbials and place
adverbials. The purpose is to identify whether these linguistic features are used equally
across the board in East African English discourse, or whether certain features are more
often associated with particular registers. Twenty-two spoken and written registers of the
International Corpus of East African English (ICE-EA), which only contains data from Kenya
and Tanzania, are analysed using a corpus-based methodology. Results indicate that
social letters have the highest standardized score for the contextualization features of all
the registers and instructional writing, such as administrative texts, has the lowest
standardized score for these features. Overall, the different needs and uses for
contextualization are reflected in the total standardized scores across registers. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
210 Walsh, Martin
Chasing imaginary leopards: science, witchcraft and the politics of conservation in Zanzibar
/ Martin Walsh and Helle Goldman - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6,
no. 4, p. 727-746.
ASC Subject Headings: Zanzibar; wildlife protection; felines; popular beliefs.
The Zanzibar leopard ('Panthera pardus adersi') is (was) a little-known subspecies endemic
to Unguja island. Rapid population growth and the expansion of farming in the 20th century
destroyed leopard habitat and decimated their natural prey, bringing them into increasing
conflict with people. Villagers explained the growing number of attacks on their children and
livestock by supposing that the leopards responsible for them were owned by witches and
sent by them to do harm. Following the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964, localized efforts to act
on this theory culminated in an island-wide leopard eradication and witch-finding campaign,
supported by the government. By the 1990s State-subsidized hunting had brought the
leopard to the brink of extinction, and most zoologists now presume it to be extinct.
However, many islanders believe that leopard keepers are still active in rural Unguja and
sightings of leopards continue to be reported. Beguiled by such narratives, visiting
researchers and local conservationists have continued to pursue these elusive felids. The
present authors describe and analyse a series of unsuccessful 'kept leopard chases',
including abortive calls by government officials for the capture and display of domesticated
leopards. These quixotic efforts show no signs of abating, and the underlying conflicts of
knowledge and practice remain unresolved, posing a challenge to the theory and practice
of conservation not only in Zanzibar but also further afield. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
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UGANDA
211 Esuruku, Robert Senath
Horizons of peace and development in northern Uganda / Robert Senath Esuruku - In:
African Journal on Conflict Resolution: (2011), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 111-134 : fig., krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Uganda; peacebuilding; development plans; regional development;
resettlement.
Northern Uganda is undeniably a safer place today compared to five years ago. The
relative peace in the region has enabled the majority of former Internally Displaced Persons
(IDPs) to return to their home areas and begin to rebuild their lives. However, inadequate
access to basic services along with unemployment, social dislocation, growing land
disputes and inadequate conflict prevention measures present a grave challenge in the
region. In order to facilitate the resettlement process, the Government of Uganda has
formulated a comprehensive development framework, the Peace, Recovery and
Development Plan (PRDP) for northern Uganda, as a strategy to eradicate poverty and
improve the welfare of the populace in the region. This was followed by the resettlement
programme launched by the Office of the Prime Minister which has contributed to the
rehabilitation and construction of new social service infrastructure to support the livelihoods
of the returnees. However, the implementation of the PRDP has fallen short of the
envisioned peace, recovery and development in northern Uganda. Conceptual and capacity
problems pose a serious challenge to the implementation of the plan. The paper concludes
that the PRDP is ill-equipped to comprehensively address the over two decades of
deep-seated human anguish, devastation and psychosocial trauma caused by the civil war.
It lacks the mechanism to institute social justice through non-discriminatory and equitable
accountability of the State and non-State parties for women, men and children in the region.
The paper then makes some proposals for healthier implementation of the plan. Bibliogr.,
notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
212 Finnström, Sverker
KONY 2012, military humanitarianism, and the magic of occult economies / Sverker
Finnström - In: Africa Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 127-135.
ASC Subject Headings: Uganda; United States; Lord's Resistance Army; films; military intervention.
The global success of the film KONY 2012 by Invisible Children, Inc., manifests far greater
magical powers than those of Joseph Kony and his ruthless Lord's Resistance Army, which
it portrays. The most prominent feature of the Invisible Children lobby is the making and
constant remaking of a master narrative that depoliticizes and dehistoricizes a murky reality
of globalized war into an essentialized black-and-white story. The magic of such a
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digestible storyline, with Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony as a global poster boy for evil
personified, not only plays into the hands of the oppressive Ugandan government but has
also become handy for the US armed forces as they seek to increase their presence on the
African continent. As the US-led war on terror is renewed and expanded, Invisible
Children's humanitarian slogan, "Stop at nothing", has proven to be exceptionally selective,
manifesting the occult economy of global activism that calls for military interventions.
Bibliogr., note, sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
213 Manasseh, Tumuhimbise
Desired or deserving leadership? A reflection on the leadership exercised in local
governments of Uganda / Tumuhimbise Manasseh - In: International Journal of African
Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p. 71-80 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Uganda; local government; leadership.
The article presents survey findings of the leadership styles exercised in local governments
and examines whether leadership influences organizational performance in Uganda's local
governments. Based on survey findings from Bushenyi District, both transactional and
transformational leadership styles are evidently exercised in Uganda's local governments.
The study findings further reveal that leadership behaviours in Bushenyi District are often
characterized by idealized influence (behaviour), inspirational motivation, high laissez-faire
leadership and high management-by-exception (passive). As a result, there is increasing
job insecurity among subordinates, which undermines the internal organizational ability to
perform. Four sub-counties in Bushenyi District were selected for the purpose of this
research. Using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires (MLQs), data were derived from 123
respondents (36 leaders and 87 raters). Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
214 Schomerus, Mareike
Deals and dealings: inconclusive peace and treacherous trade along the South
Sudan-Uganda border / Mareike Schomerus and Kristof Titeca - In: Africa Spectrum:
(2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 5-31.
ASC Subject Headings: South Sudan; Uganda; peacebuilding; boundaries; traders.
Since Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed, its border with
Uganda has become a hub of activity. Contrasting developments on the Ugandan side of
the border with those on the South Sudanese side, this paper draws on empirical fieldwork
to argue that the CPA has created new centres of power in the margins of both States.
However, in day-to-day dealings on either side of the border, South Sudanese military
actors have become dominant. In the particular case of Arua and the South Sudan-Uganda
border, past wartime authority structures determine access to opportunities in a tightly
regulated, inconclusive peace. This means that small-scale Ugandan traders - although
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vital to South Sudan - have become more vulnerable to South Sudan's assertions of State
authority. The experience of Ugandan traders calls into question the broad consensus that
trade across the border is always beneficial for peacebuilding. The paper concludes that
trade is not unconditionally helpful to the establishment of a peaceful environment for
everyone. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
215 Sundal, Mary B.
Not in my hospital : Karimojong indigenous healing and biomedicine / Mary B. Sundal - In:
Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p. 571-590 : foto, tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Uganda; folk medicine; medical sciences; health care; Karamojong.
This article presents data collected over 10 months of ethnographic fieldwork in 2006-2007
on the interactions between users of Karimojong indigenous medicine and biomedicine.
The Karimojong agropastoralists live in northeast Uganda and rely on local healers to treat
illness, bless pending cattle raids, and maintain the spiritual health of communities.
Indigenous practice has incorporated various biomedical insights, but the Western-based
health sector has not as readily welcomed Karimojong local healing as a viable therapeutic
strategy, forcing some healers to covertly work in hospitals and clinics. Their work
underscores their importance to community well-being and as advocates of holistic health
care; without them, biomedical health centres will not fully answer to the patients' needs.
Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
216 Velthuizen, Andreas Gerhardus -DriesBest practices for the management of knowledge for conflict resolution: lessons learned
from the Great Lakes region of Africa / Andreas Gerhardus (Dries) Velthuizen - In:
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p.118-131 : fig.
ASC Subject Headings: Democratic Republic of Congo; Rwanda; Uganda; Great Lakes region;
conflict resolution; indigenous knowledge; information management.
This article deals with the management of knowledge for conflict resolution and innovation
in Africa. After a brief discussion of the research methodology followed, a feedback is
provided on the field study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in northern Uganda and Rwanda
and at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania, and in
the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo). As a result of the field study, certain principles
and practices were identified whereby the challenges facing Africa could be examined. The
author found five "realms" in which knowledge management can take place and that
traditional knowledge practices, if merged with more modern knowledge management
practices, provide a valuable framework for using knowledge management for conflict
resolution and innovation in Africa. Best practices that were identified include an
intra-connected and collective knowledge production system and the production of tacit
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knowledge, especially among the new generation or youth. Furthermore, the importance of
intellectual capital (in the form of value-driven leadership, competent managers and expert
knowledge workers) and the activation of an intervention into the continuous spiral of
violent conflict which will ultimately lead to the innovative transformation of African society
are discussed. Finally, some recommendations are offered as possible solutions for conflict
resolution and innovation in Africa. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
GENERAL
217 Sinclair, Ingrid
The use of technology and leadership in enhancing strategic cooperative policing within the
SADC region / Ingrid Sinclair and Mpho Matlala - In: International Journal of African
Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 47-59.
ASC Subject Headings: Southern Africa; South Africa; police; information technology.
The globalization processes driving development and the transnational nature of crime
require the collaboration of police within regions using sophisticated technology to combat
crime. This article examines the role of technology and leadership in enhancing cooperative
policing. Following a successful safety strategy during the 2010 Federation of International
Football Association (FIFA) Soccer World Cup (SWC) tournament in South Africa, the
article demonstrates how technology and strategic leadership contributed to the success of
this event. The research conducted consisted of an extensive review of existing research
publications on the state of policing in southern Africa and a conference presentation by
Lieutenant-General Pruis about policing the SWC from which key policing lessons have
been extracted. The challenges of police forces and policing in the Southern African
Development Community (SADC) were found to relate primarily to resource constraints,
and sociopolitical environments that are not always conducive to effective policing. Some of
the lessons from the SWC, such as planning, budgeting, strategic leadership, regional and
international cooperation of security personnel, community involvement, an informed media
strategy and the use of technology to support these processes, can be replicated in
regional policing operations. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
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SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AFRICA
MALAWI
218 Dionne, Kim Yi
Constitutional provisions and executive succession : Malawi's 2012 transition in
comparative perspective / Kim Yi Dionne and Boniface Dulani - In: African Affairs: (2013),
vol. 112, no. 446, p. 111-137 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Africa; Malawi; succession; heads of State; constitutional law.
Four African leaders died in 2012. This article explores the constellation of factors that
together led to a constitutional succession after President Bingu wa Mutharika's death in
Malawi, despite plotting by the late President's allies to circumvent the constitution and
install their own candidate over Vice-President Joyce Banda. The authors present data on
executive deaths in office since 1961 and executive transfers of power during the period
2010-2012 in order to situate the Malawi transition within the broader African context. They
especially draw on comparisons to executive successions that followed the death-in-office
of presidents in Nigeria (2010) and Zambia (2008). They assert from these cases that
constitutional provisions on executive succession are necessary in precipitating peaceful
transitions, but also argue that periods of delay indicate that such provisions are insufficient
on their own. They contend that presidential death is more likely to lead to transition than
presidential incapacity. The Malawian case in particular illustrates how a constitutional
transition requires support from key actors, particularly the Cabinet, military leaders,
judiciary, civil society, and the independent media. Public rejection of military or
authoritarian rule, and the growing precedent for constitutional succession in Africa, are
additional drivers of peaceful transitions. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
219 Johnson, Jessica
Life with HIV: 'stigma' and hope in Malawi's era of ARVS / Jessica Johnson - In: Africa /
International African Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 4, p. 632-653.
ASC Subject Headings: Malawi; AIDS; women; images.
Anti-retroviral therapies have radically transformed the HIV epidemic in rural southern
Malawi and this article explores the ways in which women are learning to live with the virus
in a matrilineal setting. Through discussion of the experiences of HIV-positive women, the
author argues that stigma can only be understood through an appreciation of the
pre-existing, and often complicated, social relations into which new information about a
person is folded. The women's narratives reveal a tentative hope for the future, which is
replicated in the author's optimism that the anthropology of HIV is undergoing a parallel
reorientation towards the study of life with HIV, rather than death by AIDS. The article is
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based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between January 2009 and September 2010.
Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
220 Kayuni, Happy M.
Malawi's economic and development policy choices from 1964 to 1980: an epitome of
'pragmatic unilateral capitalism' / Happy M. Kayuni - In: Nordic Journal of African Studies:
(2011), vol. 20, no. 2, p. 112-131 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Malawi; economic development; economic policy; capitalism; 1960-1969;
1970-1979.
The period that runs from 1964 to 1980 was special for Malawi for mainly three reasons: (1)
the apparent unique approach to development as compared to other African countries; (2)
its unprecedented economic growth; (3) arguably the only period in which Dr Banda,
Malawi's first president, had almost total control of the country's economic and development
policies. In order to fully appreciate the uniqueness of Malawi's development policies, the
article first analyses the ideological framework that guided development approaches in two
of Malawi's neighbours: Tanzania (Afro-socialism) and Zambia (humanism). Through a
comparative literature review of economic history sources, the paper points out that
conditions in Malawi create a plausible reason for a deeper critical analysis of the economic
and development policies that were being pursued. Although it can be concluded that
economic growth and development are a product of mainly external socioeconomic/political
factors, the paper argues that Dr Banda's pragmatic policy choices and determination
played a critical role in the progress recorded in the period discussed. These policy choices
may distinctively be referred to as 'Pragmatic Unilateral Capitalism'. Bibliogr., notes, sum.
[Journal abstract]
MOZAMBIQUE
221 Archambault, Julie Soleil
'Travelling while sitting down': mobile phones, mobility and the communication landscape in
Inhambane, Mozambique / Julie Soleil Archambault - In: Africa / International African
Institute: (2012), vol. 82, no. 3, p. 393-412.
ASC Subject Headings: Mozambique; communication; mobile telephone; youth.
This article examines the ways in which young men in the city of Inhambane, southern
Mozambique, harness communication to express and address experiences of constrained
physical and social mobility. It starts with an analysis of a highly valued form of oral
communication - 'bater papo', a Brazilian expression for chatting - that youth, especially
young men, engage in on a daily basis, before turning to mobile phone use. Tying these
different forms of communication together is a profound desire to claim membership of, and
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SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AFRICA - MOZAMBIQUE
to participate in, a world that remains elusive for most. However, if mobile phone
communication builds on pre-existent forms of communication, it takes on particular
aesthetic qualities that speak of, rather than resolve, exclusion. The article argues that,
while helping bridge distances in significant ways, mobile phone communication
nonetheless, and somewhat ironically, also betrays young men's immobility. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
ZAMBIA
222 Pillai, Vijayan K.
Latent class analysis of reproductive decision making in Zambia / Vijayan K. Pillai and
Diana Opollo - In: African and Asian Studies: (2012), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 371-383 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: Zambia; women; family planning.
The first step in a transition to birth control involves making calculated choices with respect
to fertility and use of contraception (Coale, 1973). As women become aware of the fertility
choices, they are likely to seek information and become engaged in reproductive decision
making. This study examines the strategies and approaches to fertility decision making of
women in Zambia. The sample for the study is composed of women from 163 households
in two low-income neighbourhoods in Kitwe. The technique of latent class analysis is used
for identifying the presence of distinct strategies with respect to birth control. Though a
more heterogenous picture was expected, only two latent classes (groups with distinct
strategies) were identified. One group (56 percent of the respondents) is composed of
women who engage in spousal communication with respect to the number of children
desired and the timing of fertility. They take advice from others on reproductive issues and
are aware of the high cost of raising children. The other group (44 percent) is composed
of women who clearly prefer to have as many children as possible. Only a small proportion
of women in this group discuss fertility issues with their husbands, and compared to the
women in the first group, they are less likely to seek advice from others about spacing
methods and desirable birth intervals. Women in this group are split on the issue of the cost
of raising children. The odds for women with four or more years of education in being in the
first group (the latent class of 'active birth planning') is about 2.2 times the odds for women
with less than four years of education. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
ZIMBABWE
223 Cairnie, Julie
Moving spirit : the legacy of Dambudzo Marechera in the 21st century / ed. by Julie Cairnie
and Dobrota Pucherova. - Berlin : Lit, 2012. - 216 p. : foto's. ; 24 cm. - (African languages African literatures ; 4) - Bibliogr.: p. 209-216. - Met noten.
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SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AFRICA - ZIMBABWE
ISBN 3643902158
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; literature; literary criticism; festschrifts (form).
This book and its audiovisual component emerge from 'the 'Dambudzo Marechera: a
celebration' festival held in Oxford in May 2009, but it includes extra contributions.
Conceived as an exploration of the relationships between Zimbabwean cult writer
Marechera and other writers, artists and scholars, the volume is divided into three different
modes of engagement with Marechera's life and work - creative, reflective and scholarly.
Part 1, Inspired creativity, has contributions by Comrade Fatso, Jane Bryce, Robert Fraser,
Flora Veit-Wild, Dobrota Pucherova, Chris Austin, heeten bhagat, Nana Oforiatta-Ayim and
Ery Nzaramba. Part 2, Memory and reflection, includes contributions by Nhamo Mhiripiri,
Norman Vance, James Currey, Flora Veit-Wild, Jennifer Armstrong, Memory Chirere, and
Anna Leena Toivanen and Tinashe Mushakavanhu. The Scholarship section contains four
texts: A post-modern at the margin: innovations in Dambudzo Marechera's texts (Carolyn
Hart); "House of fools": madness and the narration of the nation in 'The house of hunger'
and 'Mapenzi' (Katja Kellerer); "A melodrama of the voluptuous": Marechera's love poetry
(Gerald Gaylard); and 'Fuzzy Goo's stories for children': literature for a "new" Zimbabwe
(Julie Cairnie). [ASC Leiden abstract]
224 Maitireyi, Pharaoh
Labour arbitration effectiveness in Zimbabwe: fact or fiction? / Pharaoh Maitireyi and
Richard Duve - In: African Journal on Conflict Resolution: (2011), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 135-158
: fig.
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; labour conflicts; arbitration.
This paper is based on a research project done in the retail sector in Zimbabwe in the
Bulawayo metropolitan province. The research noted that disputes between employees and
employers unavoidably arise because of differing class interests. Because of the
inevitability of these class disputes between labour and capital, there is need for the State
to put in place labour dispute resolution mechanisms that are cost effective and also flexible
in terms of procedure and speed. The Zimbabwe Labour Act (28.01), as amended, provides
a framework for resolving labour disputes through arbitration. The research sought to
investigate the effectiveness of the labour arbitration process in Zimbabwe. The three main
criteria for evaluating effectiveness of arbitration, namely accessibility, speed and expertise,
were subjected to an empirical test in the Zimbabwean context. The article concludes that
the labour arbitration system in Zimbabwe is largely ineffective due to reasons of prohibitive
costs, complexity of procedures and the perceived incompetence of arbitrators. The lack of
transparent arbitrator appointment criteria also compromises the arbitration system in
Zimbabwe. The research further revealed that, though arbitration can serve a very good
purpose as an alternative to costly and lengthy litigation, its effectiveness relies to a great
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extent on its flexibility and transparency as well as the qualifications, expertise and integrity
of the people who preside over it. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
225 Maphosa, France
Labour migration and HIV/AIDS: the case of Mangwe District in southern Zimbabwe /
France Maphosa - In: Humanities Review Journal: (2008), vol. 8, p. 1-9.
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; South Africa; labour migration; undocumented migrants; women
migrants; AIDS.
This article examines labour migration from Mangwe District in southern Zimbabwe to
South Africa and its relationship with the spread of HIV/AIDS both among migrants and
among those left behind. Cross-border labour migration to South Africa is not a new
phenomenon but what is new is its unprecedented scale and its feminization.
Undocumented migrants are especially vulnerable to HIV infection because of their
'invisibility'. Many undocumented migrants cannot be absorbed into the formal labour
market in the country of destination and as a result have to adopt survival strategies such
as informal trading, acceptance of low-paid work, marriage and sex work. Labour migration
to South Africa is circulatory in character and because of prevailing gender ideologies,
women often do not control their own sexuality, within and without the home. They are
therefore especially vulnerable to HIV infection. On the basis of interviews and group
discussions with members of 150 households from Mangwe District, this study examines
the feminization of labour migration to South Africa, migrants' status, survival strategies,
living conditions, employment opportunities, and the marginalization of labour migrants,
both in the host country and in their country of origin. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden abstract]
226 Maravanyika, Simeon
Resource-based conflict at the local level in a changing national environment: the case of
Zimbabwe's Mafungautsi State Forest / Simeon Maravanyika and Tendayi
Mutimukuru-Maravanyika - In: African Economic History: (2009), no. 37, p. 129-150.
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; land conflicts; national parks and reserves; forest management.
This contribution examines resource-based conflict at a microlevel in Zimbabwe in the
context of broader socioeconomic and political developemts at the national level. It
focuses specifically on the case of Mafungautsi State Forest, located in the Midlands
Province's Gokwe South district. When Mafungautsi was gazetted in 1953, communities
who resided in the forest were allowed to remain as tenants on the condition that they
confined themselves to already occupied areas. The decline of the forest began in the
1960s due to local dissatisfaction with the way in which it was administered by the Forestry
Commission. Local communities were forced to move from their ancestral land, and hunting
and the harvesting of forest products was prohibited. Another source of conflict over
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Mafungautsi was related to the migration of people from other parts of the country into the
Gokwe area due to land hunger. But conflict accelerated at an unprecedented rate with the
land redistribution campaign and the resulting land invasions of 2000. The way forward
with regard to the management of invaded State forests like Mafungautsi could include the
resettling of new settlers, de-gazetting some portions of the forest, and strengthening the
co-management pilot project that was initiated earlier. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
227 Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J.
The death of the Subject with a capital 'S' and the perils of belonging: a study of the
construction of ethnocracy in Zimbabwe / Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni - In: Critical Arts:
(2012), vol. 26, no. 4, p. 525-546.
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; ethnicity; national identity; Shona; politics.
This article analyses the dynamics of the politics of ethnocracy in Zimbabwe. Ethnocracy
arises in a situation where the distinction between nation and ethnicity is eliminated. The
contest between forces of ethnocracy and those of inclusive nationalism permeated the
struggles for liberation in the country, reducing them to a complex terrain of mobilization of
ethnicity and regionalism, displacing all pretensions and rhetoric of national unity. At birth in
1980, Zimbabwe was permeated by a deep Shona ethnic orientation, partly due to the fact
that ZANU-PF has been a Shona-dominated political formation since its emergence in
1963. But the question of subjectivity has remained under-researched if not repressed by
those in power, who practise ethnocracy and benefit from it. The article situates the debate
of subjectivity within the broader politico-philosophical and theoretical interventions of
Ernesto Laclau and Stuart Hall that modified the traditional sociological view premised on
unified and stable identities. The article emphasizes dislocations, displacements,
discontinuities, fragmentations, contradictions, ruptures and pluralities as the hallmarks of
the construction and reconstruction of identities. By the late 1990s, ethnocracy, which had
since the 1960s been read as a bimodal phenomenon pitting the majority Shona against
the minority Ndebele, became even more complex with the 'pan-Shona' ethnic unity
imploding, giving birth to clan-based factionalism within ZANU-PF, as well as fracturing the
opposition Movement for Democratic Change into two factions in 2005. The reality today is
that every political actor and political formation has to devise ways of managing ethnicity
through the official institutionalization of ethnicity at party and government level. Bibliogr.,
notes, sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
228 Scoones, Ian
The new politics of Zimbabwe's lowveld: struggles over land at the margins / Ian Scoones
... [et al.] - In: African Affairs: (2012), vol. 111, no. 445, p. 527-550.
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; land reform; resistance; land conflicts; local politics.
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This article explores the contests over land and resources in the Masvingo lowveld of
Zimbabwe, focusing on three case studies - Nuanetsi ranch, the Save Valley and Chiredzi
River conservancies, and Gonarezhou National Park. Each case examines who gained and
who lost out over time, from entrepreneurial investors to well-connected politicians and
military figures, to white ranchers and large numbers of farmers who have occupied land
since 2000. The authors identify a dynamic of elite accumulation and control over resources
that has been resisted by alliances of land invaders, war veterans, and local political and
traditional leaders. By documenting this struggle over time, the article demonstrates that, in
these marginal areas outside the formal 'fast-track' land reform programme, local
communities retain the capacity to resist State power and imagine alternative social,
economic, and political trajectories - even if these are opposed by those at the centre.
While much discussion of recent Zimbabwean politics has appropriately highlighted the
centralized, sometimes violent, nature of State power, this is exerted in different ways in
different places. A combination of local divisions within political parties, bureaucratic
discretion within implementing agencies, and local contests over land create a very
particular, local politics, especially at the geographic margins of the nation. As this article
shows, this offers opportunities for a variety of expressions of local agency and resistance,
which temper the impositions of centralized State power. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
SOUTHERN AFRICA
GENERAL
229 Sapire, Hilary
Southern African liberation struggles : new local, regional and global perspectives / edited
by Hilary Sapire and Chris Saunders. - Claremont : UCT Press, 2013. - XII, 316 p. : foto's. ;
23 cm - Bibliogr.: p. [295]-306. - Met index, noten.
ISBN 1919895930
ASC Subject Headings: Southern Africa; Lesotho; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa; Swaziland;
Zambia; national liberation struggles; anti-apartheid resistance; international solidarity.
Liberation struggles in Southern Africa in context / Hilary Sapire and Chris Saunders -Section 1. Local and regional struggles. The implosion of the Pan-Africanist Congress :
Basutoland, c. 1962-1965 / Arianna Lissoni ; Muslims and the liberation struggle in
Northern Mozambique / Liazzat J.K. Bonate ; Morogoro and after: the continuing crisis in
the African National Congress (of South Africa) in Zambia / Hugh Macmillan ; The ANC
underground in Swaziland, c. 1975-1982 / Thula Simpson ; The ANC: from Freedom Radio
to Radio Freedom / Steve Davis ; The intersection of violent and nonviolent strategies in the
South African liberation struggle / Janet Cherry ; 'The spy' and the camp : SWAPO in
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Lubango, 1980-1989 / Christian Williams ; The Freedom Park fracas and the divisive legacy
of South Africa's "Border War"/liberation struggle / Gary Baines --Section 2. International
solidarities. National liberation and international solidarity : anatomy of a special
relationship / Colin Bundy ; The 1970s : the anti-apartheid movement's difficult decade /
Christabel Gurney ; Black British solidarity with the anti-apartheid struggle: the West Indian
Standing Conference and black action for the liberation of Southern Africa / Elizabeth M.
Williams ; Activism in Britain for Namibian independence : the Namibia Support Committee
/ Chris Saunders -- In conclusion / Chris Saunders and Hilary Sapire. Probing beyond the
heroic portrayals of armed struggles and nationalist resistance, this collection of essays
illustrates the intertwined histories of Southern African liberation struggles and those of
regional and international solidarity movements, beginning in the 1960s through the
establishment of a non-racial democracy in South Africa in 1994. As this collection seeks to
present more nuanced accounts of the solidarity movements that flourished alongside the
liberation and exile movements -- such as the British-based Anti-Apartheid Movement -it
draws together internal and external struggles in exile. Unique and detailed, it offers new
insights into the relationships that exiles and guerrillas developed with host societies and
solidarity organisations, both within the southern African region and in the United Kingdom
BOTSWANA
230 Bagwasi, Mompoloki Mmangaka
Perceptions, contexts, uses and meanings of silence in Setswana / Mompoloki Mmangaka
Bagwasi - In: Journal of African Cultural Studies: (2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 184-194.
ASC Subject Headings: Botswana; Tswana; communication; Tswana language; proverbs.
The study investigates silence ('tidimalo') as communicative behaviour in Setswana and fills
in a gap in scholarship by showing the cross-cultural meanings and contexts of silence. The
article presents the role of silence in various contexts, such as the family, the church,
meetings, the constitution, and conversations, and argues that, in such contexts, silence
conveys positive meanings such as peace, humility, order, and respect and negative
meanings such as subordination, oppression, and anger. The article examines the
meanings of silence in Setswana through looking at the use of familiar Setswana proverbs
and idioms. By juxtaposing the contexts and meanings of silence with Setswana proverbs
and idioms, the article is able to demonstrate the interplay between language, culture, and
belief. The article concludes that silence is an integral part of communication in various
speech communities in Botswana. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
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NAMIBIA
231 Breitwieser, Lukas
“We are going to put South West Africa on the map this time”: the homogenisation and
differentiation of Namibian tourist spaces / Lukas Breitwieser - In: Journal of Namibian
Studies: (2012), no. 11, p. 7-27.
ASC Subject Headings: Namibia; tourism; 1900-1949.
Drawing on elements of spatial theory, this article examines the establishment and
development of Namibian tourism. Current literature on Namibian tourism covers the period
since the Second World War only. This article seeks to fill the gaps between the experience
of the early explorers and the formal beginning of Namibian tourism in the 1950s. Travel
planning, guide books, travel brochures, advertising and publicity, as well as the congress
of the South African Publicity Association offer a variety of perspectives for the period
between the 1920s and the 1950s. Namibian tourist spaces were homogenized and - at the
same time - differentiated. These spaces do not have to show compelling common
characteristics with real spaces on site, but are idealized tourist dream worlds, temporarily
realized tourist utopias. In tourism, safe spaces and spaces of adventure, or spaces of
modernity and wilderness, are no longer seen as opposites. Thus, tourism has made
possible the imagination and construction of more and more tourist spaces and forged the
perception of today’s Namibia as a tourist destination. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
232 Budeli, Mpfariseni
The historic contribution of the United Nations to the resolution of conflicts in Southern
Africa / Mpfariseni Budeli and André Mbata Mangu - In: African Journal on Conflict
Resolution: (2011), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 9-26.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Namibia; UN; conflict resolution; apartheid; decolonization.
Around the middle of the 20th century, Southern Africa presented the international
community with two major and interrelated conflict-causing situations - two of the most
challenging that it had to deal with since the inception of the United Nations (UN) in the
1940s: South Africa's illegal occupation of the then South-West Africa, and South Africa's
apartheid policy, which it later extended to this neighbouring country. South-West Africa
ultimately became independent as Namibia, and the apartheid regime came to its end, both
in the early 1990s. These two crucially important events resulted from a combination of
efforts by the UN, regional organizations, local liberation movements and other actors, both
international and national. This paper is focused on the contribution of the UN, and almost
two decades after the establishment of a democratic constitutional order in these two
Southern African countries, it revisits the significant contribution made by the UN to the
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decolonization of Namibia and the end of apartheid in South Africa. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal
abstract]
233 Christiansen, Thomas
Assessing Namibia’s performance two decades after independence : part I, initial position,
external support, regional comparison : part II, sectoral analysis / Thomas Christiansen - In:
Journal of Namibian Studies: (2011-2012), no. 10, p. 31-53 : graf., krt., tab. No. 11 (2012),
p. 29-61 : fig., krt., tab.
ASC
Subject
Headings:
Namibia;
governance;
political
conditions;
corruption;
economic
development; social development.
This study presents a review of Namibia’s performance over two decades since
independence. It examines the achievements and shortcomings of the country in various
fields: politics, civil society, economy, and social and socio-economic development. The
results are split into two separate but interconnected papers. The first paper serves as an
introduction to the topic, analysing Namibia’s situation at the dawn of independence and its
external support by foreign countries. It assesses Namibia's overall performance on the
basis of the results of the Mo-Ibrahim-Index of Good Governance, as compared to the
neighbouring countries Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The
second paper looks in more detail at three main development sectors: political and civil
society development, economic development, and social development. Based on the
findings of both papers, the review concludes with a final overall evaluation of Namibia's
performance since 1990. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
234 Groop, Kim Stefan
The Church, the State and the issue of national reconciliation in Namibia / Kim Stefan
Groop - In: Journal of Namibian Studies: (2012), no. 11, p. 63-83.
ASC Subject Headings: Namibia; Church and State; conflict resolution; national liberation struggles.
The Church in Namibia, from its birth until today, has often been criticized for its ties to the
governing powers. While much of the critique has been justified, the realities were often far
more complex than portrayed by the critics. This article scrutinizes the relationship between
the Church and the State before and after independence and in particular the significant but
sensitive issue of national reconciliation in Namibia. It has been suggested that the Church
could have played a more prominent role as a promoter of unity and reconciliation, but that
it has been hampered by its own tradition of fighting for justice alongside the liberation
movement, in particular SWAPO, rather than independently. The Namibian Church and
State have generally opted for stability, fostering prosperity and local relations rather than
working towards an improved climate for discussion on a national level, i.e. they have opted
for the comfort of silence rather than the inconvenience of a reconciliation process. But it is
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also suggested that there have been genuine attempts, within Church and society, at
presenting alternatives to silence. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
235 Kreienbaum, Jonas
Guerrilla wars and colonial concentration camps : the exceptional case of German South
West Africa (1904 – 1908) / Jonas Kreienbaum - In: Journal of Namibian Studies: (2012),
no. 11, p. 85-103.
ASC Subject Headings: Namibia; concentration camps; 1900-1909.
The article argues that the concentration camps in German South West Africa were
established for different reasons than the contemporary camps in other colonial territories
where civilians were concentrated in the course of colonial wars. Unlike in South Africa,
Cuba or the Philippines, concentration in GSWA was not about isolating civilians from
guerrillas in order to cut the latter off from their support. The camps in GSWA were
designed to punish insurgents, to pacify the colony, mainly by controlling former fighters,
and to serve as a reservoir of forced labour. These differences in purpose were the result of
structurally different conditions in the German colonial war, which made the separation of
guerrillas from civilians obsolete. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
236 Van Wolputte, Steven
The ironies of pop: local music production and citizenship in a small Namibian town /
Steven Van Wolputte and Laura E. Bleckmann - In: Africa / International African Institute:
(2012), vol. 82, no. 3, p. 413-436 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: Namibia; musical groups; popular music; identity; urban society.
This case study probes the close link between locality and musical production. The setting
is Opuwo, a small city in northern Namibia, notorious for its many bars. Here the music of a
local band, Bullet ya Kaoko (Bullet of Kaoko), provides the soundtrack to the quest for
belonging and identity that takes place in the marginal space constituted by these bars and
pubs. Bullet ya Kaoko performances are characterized by the simultaneous articulation of
paradoxical images and different models of identification: they use keyboards and
synthesizers to rework an old genre ('omitandu', praise songs), fuse Kwaito moves with the
elders' warrior dance, and weave Herero polyphony into a jive-like beat and structure.
Lyrics, music and dance address the challenges of (post)modern life and give voice to
uncertainty and fragmentation. At the same time, they embed people in kinship and place,
evoking a strong yet encrypted sense of belonging. The music of Bullet ya Kaoko is
ironizing: it questions, but does not answer. It challenges both the old and the new, but
refrains from solving the tensions created by their juxtaposition. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum.
in English and French. [Journal abstract]
144
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SOUTH AFRICA
237 Adams, Rachel Nyaradzo
Africa unknown: addressing the effects of an alienating education amongst learners in
South Africa / Rachel Nyaradzo Adams - In: International Journal of African Renaissance
Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 1, p. 149-162 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; educational systems; Africanization; curriculum; African
studies.
The article argues for the Africanization of the South African education system, most
critically at high school and tertiary levels. Using both experiential and theoretical
reasoning, it seeks to present a compelling argument for the value of teaching South
African children using methodologies, examples and stories they can relate to. It argues
that this relatability is what will best develop the cognition of learners and better equip them
to turn knowledge into action. The South African education system has often been seen as
lacking a critical thinking and problem-solving element, and the article argues that this
limitation is embedded in the abstractness of the curricula. The article presents a short case
study highlighting just how little about Africa some of South Africa's best learners know. It
ends by offering practical suggestions about how the education system could incorporate
critical African knowledge in its learning models. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
238 Adewale, Aregbeshola R.
Does import substitution industrialisation strategy hurt growth? : new evidence from Brazil
and South Africa / Aregbeshola R. Adewale - In: African and Asian Studies: (2012), vol. 11,
no. 3, p. 288-314 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Brazil; import substitution; economic development;
econometrics.
More economies in the developing world have sprung up through a homegrown strategy of
import substitution industrialization (ISI) than have plummeted by adopting the prescripts of
the Washington Consensus. The recurring economic and financial crises, essentially the
2008/2009 experiences, present an interesting perspective on macroeconomic policy
embracement. For instance, major economies, especially those of the United States and
the countries in the European Union, jettisoned their neoliberal ideology for protectionist
measures in dealing with the 2008/2009 financial and economic turbulence. This lends
credence to a rethink of macroeconomic policies for the less developed and developing
economies. Applying autoregressive models and a series of econometric error correction
tests on data generated from the World Development Indicators (WDI), an organ of the
World Bank, this article argues that the macroeconomic policy of import substitution
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SOUTHERN AFRICA - SOUTH AFRICA
industrialization contributed to the current economic developments in Brazil and South
Africa. The article suggests that an import substitution industrialization policy is not only
appropriate to galvanize industrialization in less industrialized economies, but also
augments a sustainable economic growth. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
239 Alston, Booker T.
Mormon impressions: locating Mormon footprints on the South African religious landscape /
Booker T. Alston - In: Journal for the Study of Religion: (2012), vol. 25, no. 1, p. 51-79.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Christianity; religious movements.
Since 1853, when the first three official missionaries arrived at the Cape of Good Hope,
Mormons have been treading along the South African religious landscape, leaving in their
wake a multitude of paths and trails filled with traceable footprints. These footprints have
played a critical role in the formulation of impressions about Mormons throughout this
church's history in South Africa. This article presents a history of Mormons and Mormonism
in South Africa which relegates it spatially and structurally to the margins of both Mormon
and South African religious studies. Studying religion from the margins offers an alternative
perspective from which to view the more central, core aspects of society. The article first
examines writings produced in South Africa by Mormons or about Mormons during the 19th
century. Next it shifts from written footprints to physical ones, such as the building of
chapels and temples, and the introduction of baseball to Cape Town. The final section
traces footprints that are making impressions in South Africa today, in particular the tragic
tale of South African Gobo Fango in the US, a white supremacist website and the murder of
a Mormon caretaker in Paarl. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
240 Amoateng, Acheampong Yaw
Local governance and spatial distribution of resources: the need to harness traditional
leadership for service delivery in South Africa / Acheampong Yaw Amoateng, Ishmael
Kalule-Sabiti - In: International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no.
2, p. 36-54 : fig., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; local government; governance; traditional rulers; political
systems.
Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods,
the aim of the study forming the basis of the article was to examine how traditional
leadership can be harnessed for the purposes of service delivery at the local level in South
Africa. Specifically, the study sought to examine the juxtaposition of traditional and modern
forms of governance in South Africa (institutional duality) and the role traditional leaders
play in the provision and delivery of social and economic services to the sections of the
population within their jurisdictions. The results of the study confirmed the existence of this
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SOUTHERN AFRICA - SOUTH AFRICA
institutional duality with regard to the Southern African institutional culture. In other words,
even though traditional leaders no longer wield the considerable administrative, legislative
and judicial powers they used to exercise over the chiefdoms, they are still very much part
of the institutional culture of South Africa and the sub-region. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal
abstract]
241 Beetar, Matthew
Questions of visibility and identity: an analysis of representations of the 'Mr Gay South
Africa' pageant / Matthew Beetar - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 80, p. 44-68.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; LGBT.
The 'Mr Gay South Africa' competition is a nationwide event aimed at increasing LGBTI
(lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex) visibility in South Africa. The success of the
2009–2010 crowned winner on the international gay pageant stage has drawn attention to
this newly instated annual event. This paper analyses online queer press sources to offer a
reading of what the pageant represents in relation to the role that the media plays and a
historical contextualization of queer visibility in South Africa. It argues that the pageant,
although geared toward achieving positive visibility, propagates an assimilationist strategy
that ensures the perpetuation of gay identity – as representative for all queer identity – as
based on an essentialized and commercialized transnational understanding of
homosexuality. The paper ultimately concludes that online representations of the pageant
resist the potentially positive development of sexual visibility in South Africa. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
242 Bilchitz, David
Should religious associations be allowed to discriminate? / David Bilchitz - In: South African
Journal on Human Rights: (2011), vol. 27, pt. 2, p. 219-248.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; discrimination; Church; freedom of association.
Should religious associations in South Africa be allowed to engage in acts of unfair
discrimination on grounds prohibited in the Constitution where they claim their religious
doctrines require it? The author argues for this question, in general, to be answered in the
negative, and in the process explores the tension between advancing equality while
recognizing the autonomy of private associations. The Strydom case, dealing with the
dismissal of a gay music teacher from a church on grounds of his sexual orientation,
provides the backdrop for an analysis of these issues. The author critiques the work of
Patrick Lenta and Stu Woolman, who argue that greater emphasis should be placed on
freedom of association in these circumstances even where such associations promote
values that are in direct contradiction to those contained in the Constitution. For Lenta, the
core concern relates to 'protecting diversity' whilst for Woolman it involves ensuring a
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SOUTHERN AFRICA - SOUTH AFRICA
society with a high quantity of 'social capital'. Both authors pay insufficient attention to the
South African context, which provides a strong case for a presumption in favour of equality
and non-discrimination. The argument the author provides seeks to establish that courts
should generally refuse to condone discrimination on prohibited grounds even where this
occurs on the basis of religious doctrines. Ultimately, he argues for South Africa to adopt an
egalitarian form of liberalism that recognizes limits on the freedom of religious associations
to discriminate, as this is necessary to ensure respect for the equal dignity of all individuals
in the polity. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
243 Blaser, Thomas
'I don’t know what I am': the end of Afrikaner nationalism in post-apartheid South Africa /
Thomas Blaser - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 80, p. 1-21.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Afrikaners; ethnic identity.
Afrikaner nationalism achieved notoriety for its power and dominance of the political life of
the South African State for much of the latter half of the 20th century. Nearly two decades
on from the first democratic elections in South Africa in 1994, Afrikaner nationalism is a
spent force and the question is how to explain its decline. In this article it is argued that one
has to look beyond historical and political accounts that focus on the structural factors that
enable nationalism and ethnicity. In narratives of the self, young Afrikaners give insights
into the formation of identities and modes of existence and lifestyles, or processes of
subjectivisation, that indicate the cultural reasons for political actions. Increasing wealth in a
growing consumer society has led to the formation of individual identities no longer
contained within an ethno-nationalist framework. With the legacy of having contributed to,
and benefited from apartheid, young Afrikaners are seeing the possibilities that come with a
new, emerging South African nation but also face the challenge of coming to terms with
feelings of loss and exclusion. While the cracks of a racist enclosure are widening, the
opening of the apartheid mind is still a work in progress. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
244 Budeli, Mpfariseni
The historic contribution of the United Nations to the resolution of conflicts in Southern
Africa / Mpfariseni Budeli and André Mbata Mangu - In: African Journal on Conflict
Resolution: (2011), vol. 11, no. 3, p. 9-26.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Namibia; UN; conflict resolution; apartheid; decolonization.
Around the middle of the 20th century, Southern Africa presented the international
community with two major and interrelated conflict-causing situations - two of the most
challenging that it had to deal with since the inception of the United Nations (UN) in the
1940s: South Africa's illegal occupation of the then South-West Africa, and South Africa's
148
SOUTHERN AFRICA - SOUTH AFRICA
apartheid policy, which it later extended to this neighbouring country. South-West Africa
ultimately became independent as Namibia, and the apartheid regime came to its end, both
in the early 1990s. These two crucially important events resulted from a combination of
efforts by the UN, regional organizations, local liberation movements and other actors, both
international and national. This paper is focused on the contribution of the UN, and almost
two decades after the establishment of a democratic constitutional order in these two
Southern African countries, it revisits the significant contribution made by the UN to the
decolonization of Namibia and the end of apartheid in South Africa. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal
abstract]
245 Charman, Andrew
From local survivalism to foreign entrepreneurship : the transformation of the spaza sector
in Delft, Cape Town / Andrew Charman, Leif Petersen and Laurence Piper - In:
Transformation: (2012), no. 78, p. 47-73 : graf., krt., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; informal sector; retail trade; townships; Somalians;
entrepreneurs; economic behaviour.
Small, home-based grocery stores, known as spaza shops, are ubiquitous throughout the
township areas of urban South Africa, constituting an important business in the informal
economy. In recent years, this retail market has become a site of fierce competition
between South African shopkeepers and foreign entrepreneurs, especially Somalis, and is
often cited in the media as one reason behind the xenophobic attacks on foreigners.
Drawing on original data collected in the Delft township in the city of Cape Town, this paper
demonstrates that foreign entrepreneurs, overwhelmingly Somalis, have come to own
around half of the sizeable spaza market in Delft in the last five years. This increase is
attributable to larger scale and price competitive behaviour as these entrepreneurs operate
collectively in terms of buying shops, and stock, as well as in stock distribution. Also
important are some more customer friendly services. Compared to the more 'survivalist'
local business model where individual owners look to supplement existing household
income rather than generate an entire livelihood, the Somali business model has rapidly
outcompeted local owners, bringing spaza prices down and forcing many locals to rent out
their shop space to foreign shopkeepers. Consequently, while South African shopkeepers
resent the Somali influx, most consumers appreciate the better prices and improved
service. The rise of Somali shopkeepers thus represents a transformation of business
practice in the spaza sector from survivalist to entrepreneurial modes. Bibliogr., notes, ref.,
sum. [Journal abstract]
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246 Conradie, Marthinus
No small irony: a discourse analysis of Zapiro's 2010 World Cup cartoons / Marthinus
Conradie, Susan Brokensha and Marilize Pretorius - In: Language Matters: (2012), vol. 43,
no. 1, p. 39-59 : ill., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; cartoons; football; 2010.
This article provides an analysis of the rhetorical function of irony in political cartoons
pertaining to the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. A sample of cartoons by the South
African cartoonist Zapiro is collected and analysed in terms of Partington's (2007) model for
irony in news media. Partington (2007) approaches irony as a method to express criticism.
Specific attention is paid to the target readership of each cartoon, especially with regard to
the distribution of foreign and domestic targets, and the most common themes
communicated on the basis of irony are identified. The results suggest that against the
backdrop of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, irony was considered useful for enhancing specific
themes. Bibliogr., ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
247 De Sousa, Diana
Cognitive processing skills in monolingual and bilingual South African children : implications
for assessment in linguistically diverse societies / Diana De Sousa - In: Language Matters:
(2012), vol. 43, no. 1, p. 97-112 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; multilingualism; children; cognition; academic achievement.
Differences in cognitive processing skills between monolingual and bilingual children for
assessment in linguistically diverse societies have become the focal point of recent
research interest (Bialystok 2007). The performance of 30 monolingual, English-speaking
and 30 bilingual, Afrikaans-English-speaking third grade South African children was
compared on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), a widely recognized
test of cognitive processing ability with minimal language requirements. No significant
differences were found on the simultaneous processing and sequential processing scales,
but significant differences were found on two subtests, namely Hand Movements and
Matrix Analogies. This latter finding is discussed in the context of possible differences in
learning opportunities (language-based, linguistic background and educational setting)
experienced by the two linguistic groups. The implications of this finding for assessment are
discussed. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
248 Dennie, Garrey Michael
"Sacred places, racial homilies" : the genesis of the segregated cemetery in Johannesburg,
1886-1909 / Garrey Michael Dennie - In: Lagos Historical Review: (2010), vol. 10, p. 28-49.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; segregation; cemeteries; 1890-1899; 1900-1909.
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This paper examines the genesis of racial segregation in Braamfontein Cemetery. The
author asks, how and why, did the older Judeo-Christian idea of the cemetery as sacred
ground, when transported into South Africa, become transmogrified into the idea of the
cemetery as racially purified terrain? How did this "racialization" of consecrated soil affect
the codes of mourning in early Johannesburg? And did these changing mortuary practices
point to a more profound re-conceptualization of the idea of death, the experience and
management of bereavement and grief, and the value and treatment of the dead body in
early modern South Africa? Indeed, what is the place of the dead in South Africa and how
can we interrogate and locate within the very sanctuaries of the dead the meanings South
Africans have attached to the disposal of the dead and the ways in which these have
changed under the torrent of the racial conflict in South Africa? To answer these questions
the paper draws attention to the city's first bye-laws and regulations governing the use of
Braamfontein Cemetery. These laws were demonstrative of the city's decision to seek
control over the disposal of the dead. The paper explores the development and
implementation of the horticultural and landscaping programmes in Braamfontein Cemetery
and argues that the efforts to sanitize burial, privatize grief, and impose a new aesthetics on
the cemetery's physical appearance represented a profound reconceptualization of the
place of the dead leading to the codification of racial segregation in South Africa's
cemeteries. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
249 Du Plessis, Anél
South Africa's constitutional environmental right (generously) interpreted : what is in it for
poverty? / Anél Du Plessis - In: South African Journal on Human Rights: (2011), vol. 27, pt.
2, p. 279-307.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; social and economic rights; poverty; social welfare.
Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that everyone
has the right to an environment that is not detrimental to his or her health or well-being. The
nature and ambit of the environmental right relate to ss 27(1) and (2), which provide for a
right of access to health care services and sufficient food and water. Yet the scope of s 24
transcends the modalities of what is necessary for people's "biological survival", including
physical health. Departing from the viewpoint that a strong link exists between the
vulnerable poor and the different constitutional entitlements enshrined in s 24, this article
explores how poverty influences the way in which the normative content of the
constitutional environmental right should be interpreted and applied. Following an
interpretative approach, it calls for an expansive or generous interpretation of the
environmental right that takes into account the broader purposes and interests which this
right, and the Constitution in general, seem to protect. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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250 Du Plessis, Theodorus
Special issue: Language politics in Africa / guest ed.: Theodorus du Plessis. - Oxford :
Routledge, 2012. - p. 125-282. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Language matters, ISSN 1022-8195 ; vol. 43,
no. 2) - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: Nigeria; South Africa; Tanzania; language policy.
The contributions to this special issue broadly cover three overall themes in language
politics, i.e. language diversity, conflict and the politics of integration; language policy and
politics in education (schools and higher education); and language policy and politics in the
linguistic landscape. Contents: ‘The greasy pole of dehumanisation’: language and violence
in South Africa (Anne-Marie Beukes); The evolution of national vocabulary in Nigeria:
implications for national cultural integration (Felix Ogoanah); What is the future of Greek in
South Africa? Language shift and maintenance in the Greek community of Johannesburg
(Allistair McDuling and Lawrie Barnes); Language-in-education policy development in
Tanzania: an overview (Eustard Tibategeza and Theodorus du Plessis); Managing
multilingualism in higher education in post-1994 South Africa (Vic Webb); The North-West
University language policy: a glimmer of hope and flashes of red lights (Themba Ngwenya);
Translated for the dogs: language use in Cape Town signage (Tessa Dowling); The role of
language policy in linguistic landscape changes in a rural area of the Free State Province of
South Africa (Theodorus du Plessis). [ASC Leiden abstract]
251 Durrheim, Kevin
The incidence of racial discrimination in post-apartheid South Africa : an audit of
KwaZulu-Natal South Coast holiday accommodation establishments / Kevin Durrheim,
Charlene Cole, Joanne Richards - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 78, p. 27-46 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; racism; hotel and catering industry.
This article reports two studies - in 2006 and 2010 - that used matched-pairs audit
methodology to estimate the incidence of racial discrimination among holiday
accommodation establishments on the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast of South Africa. Black
and white auditors phoned the same establishment one day apart and attempted to make
an identical booking. Discrimination was evident when the black caller was refused
accommodation that was offered to the white caller. The authors found a disturbingly high
incidence of racial discrimination in 2006 (29.3 percent) and 2010 (24.4 percent). The
incidence of discrimination was not affected by the location or the price of the
accommodation or by the social class of the black auditor, but was found to be higher in
private than public establishments. The authors conclude by considering the nature and
underlying causes of racial discrimination in postapartheid South Africa. Bibliogr., notes,
ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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252 Erasmus, Zimitri
Revisiting apartheid race categories / [contrib. by Zimitri Erasmus ... et al.]. - Durban :
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Programme of Economic History/Development Studies, 2012.
- I, 177 p. : graf., tab. ; 21 cm. - (Transformation, ISSN 0258-7696 ; no. 79) - Met bijl.,
bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; racial classification; apartheid; race relations; legislation;
conference papers (form); 2010.
This special issue emerges from the colloquium Revisiting Apartheid Race Categories, held
at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2010. It is divided into three parts: part
one grapples with some theoretical dilemmas of uses of 'race' and its attendant
administrative categories, part two provides selected cases and examples of uses of 'race'
and of apartheid race categories from South Africa, and part three pays specific attention to
the law in post-1994 South Africa. Responses to individual articles, and to clusters of
articles on related themes are included. Contents of part one: Apartheid race categories:
daring to question their continued use (Zimitri Erasmus); The modern seduction of race:
whither social constructionism? (Crain Soudien); Responses by Norman Duncan and Garth
Stevens. Part two: Race classification at the University of KwaZulu-Natal: purposes, sites
and practices (Shaun Ruggunan and Gerhard Maré); Beyond race? Exploring indicators of
(dis)advantage to achieve South Africa's equity goals (Kate Lefko-Everett); Race and race
thinking: reflections in theory and practice for researchers in South Africa and beyond (Kira
Erwin); Response by Harry Garuba. Part three: Race thinking and the law in post-1994
South Africa (Lee Stone and Yvonne Erasmus); Looking backward, looking forward: race,
corrective measures and the South African Constitutional Court (Pierre de Vos); Response
by Dee Smythe. [ASC Leiden abstract]
253 Everatt, David
Special issue: Non-racialism in South Africa / guest ed.: David Everatt. - Abingdon : Taylor
& Francis, 2012. - 169 p. ; 25 cm. - (Politikon, ISSN 0258-9346 ; vol. 39, no. 1) - Met
bibliogr., bijl., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; racism; race relations; conference papers (form); 2011.
This special issue of 'Politikon' on non-racialism in South Africa contains papers presented
at a conference organized by the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation in October 2011. The
papers were derived from a series of 18 focus groups conducted around South Africa
during July and August 2011. Key themes that emerged from the discussions include the
acceptance of racist tendencies by adults and their hope (dream?) that their children will
not do as their parents have done; the virulent racism expressed by all groups towards
those seen as closest to them (and thus their closest competitor) on the economic ladder;
and ongoing anger at whites from some, but acceptance from others. It appears that
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non-racialism, which lacks a specific meaning, also lacks any status as a political project. It
has been de-linked from the political arena, where taking control of ‘the commanding
heights of the economy’ is a priority facing government. Non-racialism has been left as a
social project for citizens to work out for themselves. Contributors: Ahmed Kathrada
(preface), David Everatt, Orli Bass, Kira Erwin, Amanda Kinners, Gerhard Maré, Rupert
Taylor, Firoz Cachalia, Daniel Hammett, Annsilla Nyar, Caryn Abrahams, Kate
Lefko-Everett, Fiona Anciano-White, Johnny Alubu Selemani. [ASC Leiden abstract]
254 Fine, Ben
Chronicle of a developmental transformation foretold : South Africa's National Development
Plan in hindsight / Ben Fine - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 78, p. 115-132 : ill.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; development; national plans; economic policy.
This essay, "submitted in January 2031, as an assessed assignment for the undergraduate
degree 'The Present as History", is a critique and send-up of South Africa's National
Development Plan: vision for 2030, issued in late 2011 by the National Planning
Commission, more or less immediately after the New Growth Path, which emanated from
the 'rival' Economic Development Department. The creation of these two initiatives under
the Zuma government was as much a source of duplication and confusion as of political
compromise and institutionalized inertia. The role played by the NDP rests on two crucial
factors: the extent to which, over the 2010s and 2020s, developments in practice observed
its prognostications in the breach and, in the more immediate term, the fact that the NDP
proved, after a long and accelerating brandishing of policy stances and documents, the
posturing straw that broke the camel's back of the people's suspension of disbelief. By
inadvertently highlighting the very heavy weight of issues that it sought to avoid to a
populace that had both experienced inadequate transformation over the 1990s and 2000s
and which was determined that it should not suffer the same fate over the 2010s and
2020s, patience was transformed into anger and the clamour for alternative policies.
Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
255 Heinecken, Lindy
Compensating military veterans in South Africa : what if we cannot pay the bill? / Lindy
Heinecken and Henrietta Bwalya - In: African Security Review: (2013), vol. 22, no. 1, p.
30-46 : foto, tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; veterans; compensation.
This article outlines the widespread needs of South African military veterans and the
possible consequences if the promises made in the recent Military Veterans Act are not
met. The first part of the article defines who generally qualifies as a military veteran, how
they are typically compensated in various countries with specific reference to neighbouring
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southern African countries, and what the consequences are when veterans become
disenchanted with the State. The second part focuses on South Africa and the recent
debates on military veterans and their entitlements. With reference to the findings of a
qualitative study conducted among military veterans, parliamentary debates and media
reports, an assessment is made of the demands and affordability of promised benefits and
the consequences should the State not deliver. The conclusion is reached that heightened
expectations are presently frustrated by slow roll-outs, and this is likely to increase the
possibility of protest action. This has now the potential to create further tension within the
ruling party and civil society, as the pressure on public finances mounts and demands
become unsustainable. The effect this may have on political stability will depend on how the
government manages this issue. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
256 Jantjies, Wesley
'Mos' as a discourse marker in rural Cape Afrikaans / Wesley Jantjies and Ondene Van
Dulm - In: Language Matters: (2012), vol. 43, no. 1, p. 3-20.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Afrikaans language; dialects; grammar.
This article aims to characterize 'mos' as a discourse marker (DM), and to explore its
pragmatic functions in the discourse of speakers of non-standard Afrikaans. Through an
analysis of the functions of the use of 'mos' in conversational data collected among nine
rural speakers of so-called 'Cape Afrikaans', spoken in South Africa, 'mos' is shown to fulfil
a number of criteria drawn from the relevant literature by which an item may be
characterized as a DM. In particular, 'mos' is seen to function in relating segments of
discourse, creating coherence in narratives, expressing logical and causal links, indicating
a speaker's position with regard to a proposition, constructing an argument, managing
shared information, and signalling a comment on a proposition. It is shown that the DM
'mos' has a wide range of functions in the discourse of rural speakers of Cape Afrikaans.
Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
257 Jenkins, Elwyn
Showcasing South African rock art on postage stamps / Elwyn Jenkins - In: Critical Arts:
(2012), vol. 26, no. 4, p. 466-483 : ill.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; postage stamps; rock art; San; symbols.
The South African Post Office and its proxies have been issuing postage stamps and
related postal materials featuring rock art since 1931, first in South West Africa (now
Namibia), later in the Republic of Venda, which was independent from 1979 until it was
reincorporated into the Republic of South Africa in 1994, and subsequently in the Republic
of South Africa. Rock art has also appeared on stamps issued by many other countries
across the world. In this broader context, the stamps can be seen as showcasing the
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cultural heritage of the issuing countries, but rock art has also been coopted and
commodified for other purposes, such as political agendas or to promote philatelic sales. In
the case of South Africa and its puppet States, the choice of image and the design of the
postal materials have followed trends in the shifting status of the Bushman or San people
and the way rock art has been viewed and understood. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
258 Kepe, Thembela
Land and justice in South Africa : exploring the ambiguous role of the State in the land
claims process / Thembela Kepe - In: African and Asian Studies: (2012), vol. 11, no. 4, p.
391-409.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; land reform; land use.
In addition to challenges facing South Africa's overall post-apartheid land reform, group
rural land claims have proven particularly difficult to resolve. This paper explores the role
that the State plays in shaping the outcomes of rural group land claims. It analyses policy
statements, including statements from policy documents, guidelines and speeches made by
politicians during ceremonies to hand over land rights to rural claimants, and seeks to
understand the possible motives, factual correctness, as well as impact, of these
statements on the trajectory of the settled land claims. The paper concludes that land
reform as practised in South Africa is functionally and discursively disembedded from
socio-political histories of dispossession, because land has come to be treated more as a
commodity, rather than as something that represents multiple meanings for different
segments of society. Like many processes leading up to a resolution of a rural claim,
subsequent statements by government concerning particular "successful" land claims
convey an assumption that local claimants have received just redress, that there was local
consensus on what form of land claim redress people wanted, and that the State's lead role
in suggesting commercial farming or tourism as land use options for the new land rights
holders is welcome. The paper shows that previous in-depth research on rural land claims
proves that the State's role in the success or failure of rural land claims is controversial at
best. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
259 Kroll, Catherine
The tyranny of the visual: Alex La Guma and the anti-apartheid documentary image /
Catherine Kroll - In: Research in African Literatures: (2012), vol. 43, no. 3, p. 54-83 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; anti-apartheid resistance; photography; writers; literary
criticism.
This essay has three major aims: first, to understand how the visual image articulated in
both textual and photographic media constituted a crucially important element of South
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African apartheid resistance efforts of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Second, to investigate
the ways in which writer Alex La Guma and three fellow anti-apartheid activists working in
critical documentary photography - Peter Magubane, David Goldblatt, and Omar Badsha used the image in order to critique the tyranny of visual hegemonies, particularly those that
enunciated a materialist standard from which non-white South Africans were excluded. And
third, to complicate recent criticism of La Guma's writing that has excised the image from its
surrounding narrative trajectories. What La Guma and these photographers achieved made
for powerful leverage against apartheid's putative control of the visual realm. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
260 Maile, Simeon
The absence of a home curriculum in post-apartheid education in South Africa / Simeon
Maile - In: International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p.
100-117.
ASC
Subject Headings: South Africa; schooling; Africanization; curriculum
development;
bureaucracy.
While it is important that education be relevant to the context of students, education
systems struggle to introduce curricula that relate to the context of students. In South Africa
the national curriculum, which is outcomes based, attempts to address the local context of
students by introducing critical outcomes restricted to learning areas, and guide classroom
methodology, the selection of content and the motivations for teaching and learning. In this
article the author argues that due to centralization and bureaucratization, the national
curriculum does not sufficiently address the context of students. In the analysis, the author
discusses critical aspects of the curriculum development process, and argues that in order
to address the local context, the home curriculum must be introduced in schools. In this
way the education system will be striving for the Africanization of education. Bibliogr., sum.
[Journal abstract]
261 Makhubu, Nomusa M.
Violence and the cultural logics of pain: representations of sexuality in the work of Nicholas
Hlobo and Zanele Muholi / Nomusa M. Makhubu - In: Critical Arts: (2012), vol. 26, no. 4, p.
504-524 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; sexuality; homosexuality; violence; artists.
South African artists Nicholas Hlobo and Zanele Muholi have raised critical issues
regarding sexual identity in patriarchal contexts since they premiered at the Michael
Stevenson Gallery in 2005. Nicholas Hlobo, a sculptor and performance artist, and Zanele
Muholi, a photographer and activist, explore different ways of representing sexuality - in
particular, homosexuality. Hlobo investigates notions of masculinity and the practice of
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circumcision, while Muholi documents the existence of transgender and homosexuality in
township spaces. This article focuses on the roles that violence plays in the sexual politics
represented in Hlobo and Muholi's work. While numerous South African artists' work deals
with these issues, the choice of these practitioners is based on their approaches to the
ambivalence of violence with regard to the black homosexual subject in conservative, as
well as liberal, spaces. Although it can be argued that Hlobo's work deals mainly with black
masculinity rather than homosexuality, his work is chiefly inferential to sexual dynamics
between men and gender transformation. Central to the work of these two artists is the
ambiguity of sexual identity. Hlobo and Muholi's visual imagery investigates the boundaries
set by different social constructs. These set boundaries have also affected crimes against
bisexual, transgender and homosexual individuals which are reaching alarming proportions.
Hlobo questions the validity of structures that marginalize homosexual individuals through
drawing attention to the ambivalence of certain statutes, while Muholi seeks to publicize the
injustices asserted on homosexual individuals in order to demonstrate the weight of that
crisis. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
262 Maphosa, France
Labour migration and HIV/AIDS: the case of Mangwe District in southern Zimbabwe /
France Maphosa - In: Humanities Review Journal: (2008), vol. 8, p. 1-9.
ASC Subject Headings: Zimbabwe; South Africa; labour migration; undocumented migrants; women
migrants; AIDS.
This article examines labour migration from Mangwe District in southern Zimbabwe to
South Africa and its relationship with the spread of HIV/AIDS both among migrants and
among those left behind. Cross-border labour migration to South Africa is not a new
phenomenon but what is new is its unprecedented scale and its feminization.
Undocumented migrants are especially vulnerable to HIV infection because of their
'invisibility'. Many undocumented migrants cannot be absorbed into the formal labour
market in the country of destination and as a result have to adopt survival strategies such
as informal trading, acceptance of low-paid work, marriage and sex work. Labour migration
to South Africa is circulatory in character and because of prevailing gender ideologies,
women often do not control their own sexuality, within and without the home. They are
therefore especially vulnerable to HIV infection. On the basis of interviews and group
discussions with members of 150 households from Mangwe District, this study examines
the feminization of labour migration to South Africa, migrants' status, survival strategies,
living conditions, employment opportunities, and the marginalization of labour migrants,
both in the host country and in their country of origin. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden abstract]
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263 Mashinini, M.J.
Towards understanding the contextual role of traditional leadership in the establishment of
cyber communities amongst rural people in South Africa: the case of Dr J.S. Moroka
municipality / M.J. Mashinini, H.H. Lotriet - In: International Journal of African Renaissance
Studies: (2011), vol. 6, no. 2, p. 55-70 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; traditional rulers; information technology; rural population.
ICT policies instituted over a number of years by the South African government have failed
manifestly in establishing cyber communities amongst rural people in South Africa. The
authors of this article argue that for rural South African communities to reap the benefits of
"cyber citizenship" and Information and Communication Technologies for Development
(ICT4D) initiatives, it will be necessary for communities to enable themselves and to take
ownership of initiatives to participate in the anticipated South African information society.
The authors argue that the success of ICT4D initiatives depends very strongly on an
understanding of the interaction of such initiatives with the social context at the local
community level. One of the significant aspects of the social context at community level is
the role of traditional leaders in these communities. This article examines the role of
traditional leadership, with specific reference to the literature on traditional leadership in
South Africa and the literature on the role of traditional leadership in ICT4D initiatives, as
well as empirical findings from a case study that serves as an example of a "typical" rural
community in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
264 Mayende, Gilingwe
Transforming labour reserves in South Africa: asymmetries in the new agrarian policy /
Gilingwe Mayende - In: African Sociological Review: (2011), vol. 15, no. 1, p. 48-70.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; agricultural policy; rural development.
A central feature of the emerging strategy of the South African government on rural
development is its almost exclusive focus on the communal areas, or 'former homelands'.
These areas are seen as having some intrinsic capacity to provide the basis for a
thoroughgoing agrarian transformation process. This paper analyses the draft
Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP, 2010) of the South African
government. Focusing on agrarian transformation, a component of the programme, it
examines the potential within communal areas that can be tapped into to unlock and be
translated into tangible benefits for the relatively large populations in such areas. Such a
question is necessary, it is argued, to allow for an analysis of the agrarian structural
fissures and cleavages emanating from colonialism and apartheid. The article is based on
historical material relating to the Transkei region in the Eastern Cape Province, and
contemporary data on Mhlontlo local municipality within this region. The article concludes
that it is unrealistic to expect a strategy that is confined to the promotion of subsistence
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production within the communal areas to unleash a generalized process of economic
development. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
265 McCracken, Donal P.
Equivocators or zealots? : post-revolutionary re-imaging colonial languages, names and
name change in Ireland and South Africa / Donal P. McCracken - In: Critical Arts: (2012),
vol. 26, no. 4, p. 447-465.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Ireland; political change; symbols; place names; language
policy.
Successful revolutionaries often find themselves in a distinctly uneasy position vis-à-vis the
cultural burden of the pre-revolution which they inherit. Establishing a stable and effective
government often means alienating their own 'wild men screaming through the key hole'.
Yet, they also need to stamp their revolutionary credentials both on the new society they
wish to construct and as a territorializing edict to the defeated. This also serves as an
implicit edict to the defeated that their day has passed. To achieve this, manipulation of
imagery is fundamental in the successful revolutionary's arsenal. This article documents the
reaction of two very different countries, Ireland and South Africa, in their post-revolutionary
eras. It notes their differing, and at times bizarre, attempts at re-branding nationhood in
the image of the successful revolution. Ireland after 1922 was on the whole more restrained
in its image-making than was South Africa after 1994, yet both, for reasons of revolutionary
fervour, revenge or strategy, showed the old order that change was non-negotiable, be it in
language policy, civic honours and titles, emblems and symbols of State, or simply in place
and street names. The successful spin-doctoring of expanded municipal regions with new
names in South Africa, such as Tshwane, mirrored no such move in Ireland. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
266 Moyo, Busani
The impact of crime on inbound tourism to South Africa / Busani Moyo and Emmanuel
Ziramba - In: African Security Review: (2013), vol. 22, no. 1, p. 4-18 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; crime; tourism.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various types of crimes on tourist
inflows to South Africa using an ARDL bounds test approach. The authors used monthly
data for the period March 2003 to April 2011 and found that crime in the form of car
hijackings, sexual crimes, murder and kidnapping have a long run and short run negative
impact on tourist visits to South Africa. World income and lagged tourist visits were found to
have a positive effect on tourist inflows suggesting that tourism is a luxury good and the
experience that visitors have about the country is important. These results call for the
government and players in the tourism sector, as well as other crime prevention units in the
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country, to come up with strategies for dealing with crime. Beefing up security systems and
personnel and ensuring police visibility in all places, particularly at these tourist attractions,
should be considered. Information should be provided to tourists, warning them about
dangerous or crime-prone areas that should be avoided at all costs, as ensuring the safety
and comfort of visitors is not only important for encouraging more visitations but also for
ensuring sustainable tourism growth, employment creation and poverty alleviation. App.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
267 Nhamo, Godwell
South Africa in climate negotiations: challenges from Copenhagen via Cancún to Durban
9/12 / Godwell Nhamo - In: International Journal of African Renaissance Studies: (2011),
vol. 6, no. 2, p. 5-35 : fig., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; climate change; international agreements; North-South
relations.
South Africa surprised many when it pledged to reduce emissions by 34 percent in 2020
and 42 percent in 2025 a day before the Copenhagen Climate Summit of December 2009
(COP15). The position taken by South Africa was in conflict with that of the Africa Group.
South Africa was also involved in crafting the Copenhagen Accord, a political agreement
concluded outside the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to
address the interests of a few countries, including Brazil, China, India and the USA.
Leading to COP16 in Cancún 2010, South Africa forged a tripartite alliance with Denmark
and Mexico in order to push for a solid foundation for COP17, that took place in Durban in
2011. To tease out the thinking with regard to expectations for COP17, South Africa called
for a wish list from negotiating parties that were meeting in Bonn in June 2011. The views
that emerged from the Bonn meeting show that South Africa has a big challenge in bridging
the gap between the developed and developing countries. This article analyses South
Africa's role in climate negotiations with a view to presenting the challenges - from
Copenhagen 2009, via Cancún 2010, to Durban 2011. The work also argues that being the
host of COP17 implies that South Africa's role in climate negotiations was more focused on
facilitation. The world expected a breakthrough in Durban, especially regarding the second
Kyoto Protocol commitment period. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
268 Nleya, Ndodana
Reconsidering the origins of protest in South Africa: some lessons from Cape Town and
Pietermaritzburg / Ndodana Nleya ... [et al.] - In: Africanus: (2011), vol. 41, no. 1, p. 14-29 :
graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; protest; community participation; local politics; public services.
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Protest politics in South Africa has a long history and has been deployed differentially in
different historical moments. Whereas protests formed an important vehicle during the fight
against apartheid, their rebirth and propulsion to the centre of the struggles in the
post-apartheid dispensation have come as a surprise to many. The majority of these
protests, so-called "service delivery protests", are reported as emanating from communities'
dissatisfaction with municipal service delivery as well as problems relating to lack of
communication between council and councillors on the one hand and citizens on the other.
In this article the authors interrogate data from five study sites located in Cape Town and
Pietermaritzburg. While the authors found support for the importance of service delivery,
their data contradicts many widely held assertions as regards what causes these protests.
The paper shows, for example, that these so-called "service delivery protests" may actually
emanate from reasons that extend beyond service delivery. Since the data indicates that
levels of participation in Cape Town are higher than in Pietermaritzburg on the one hand,
illustrating perhaps the different provincial contexts, there is also variation between the
relatively high participation rates of the "black African" sites of Langa and Khayelitsha, on
the other hand, and the lower rates of the "coloured" site of Bonteheuwel, on the other,
which the authors ascribe to the disengagement of the community in Cape Town, from both
local and national politics. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
269 Nleya, Ndodana
Linking service delivery and protest in South Africa: an exploration of evidence from
Khayelitsha / Ndodana Nleya - In: Africanus: (2011), vol. 41, no. 1, p. 3-13 : fig., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; protest; public services; townships.
The notion of service delivery protests in South Africa has perhaps become a cliché.
While there was a lull in protest activity (excluding industrial action) in the first decade of
democracy, the second decade has been characterized by increased millitancy reminiscent
of the anti-apartheid struggle days, with many of these diagnosed as so-called service
delivery protests. Service delivery issues are often mentioned as part of a blend of issues
that have caused the different communities to protest in media reports. The role of service
delivery in the generation of these protests, however, has so far not been investigated
directly. This article reports on the results of a quantitative study that used path analysis to
investigate the strength of the claim of the link between service delivery and protests in
Khayelitsha, one of the protest prone townships in Cape Town. The article concludes that
service delivery affects protests directly and indirectly through its impact on perceptions of
service delivery, conditions of life, and the attendance of meetings. Bibliogr., notes, sum.
[Journal abstract]
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270 Nyar, Annsilla
Understanding protest action : some data collection challenges for South Africa / Annsilla
Nyar and Chris Wray - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 80, p. 22-43 : graf., krt.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; protest; public services; databases.
The focus of this paper is a particular set of actions in South Africa which have become
broadly known as 'service delivery' protests. It considers various protest datasets currently
being used to inform understandings of 'service delivery' protest action. Two of these data
sources are generated by state institutions, namely, the South African Police Service
(SAPS) and the Spatial Viewer on Protest Actions (SPAVOPA) maintained by the
Department of Human Settlements (DHS), one is generated by Municipal IQ, a private
research company, and one is from an activist based source, the Centre for Civil Society
(CCS). The limitations of each of these databases are highlighted and discussed in order to
stimulate thinking about the possible development of independent, critical and accessible
sources of protest data. Recommendations are made as to the improvement of quantitative
data sources on protest action. App., bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
271 Parmegiani, Andrea
Language, power and transformation in South Africa : a critique of language rights
discourse / Andrea Parmegiani - In: Transformation4900 13-06-13 11:47:46.000: (2012),
no. 78, p. 74-97.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; inequality; language policy; English language; indigenous
languages.
This paper offers a critique of language rights discourse in the context of South Africa's
process of democratic transformation. Drawing on P. Bourdieu (1991, 1997), the author
argues that language is not politically neutral, but a sociopolitical mechanism that shapes
power relations. Using this framework, she discusses the postapartheid gap between
language policy and practice. She acknowledges the role that language rights activism has
played in raising awareness of how this gap creates impediments for democratic
transformation, but argues that a tendency to rely too heavily on negative constructions of
English limits the effectiveness of language rights discourse. She identifies three
metaphoric images that have a lot of currency for constructing the power of English
negatively: English is a 'linguistic poacher', English is a 'gatekeeper', English is a 'colonizer
of the mind'. She discusses the epistemological and political limitations of theories of
language and empowerment that use these metaphors to disengage with the notion that
the power of English can be harnessed by native speakers of African languages and
concludes with a series of recommendations for creating a discourse that is more effective
in challenging linguistic inequality in South Africa. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
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272 Phadi, Mosa
Multiple meanings of the middle class in Soweto, South Africa / Mosa Phadi and Claire
Ceruti - In: African Sociological Review: (2011), vol. 15, no. 1, p. 87-107 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; middle class; self-concept; townships.
This study investigates the meanings of the label 'middle class' amongst those who label
themselves middle class in South Africa. It is based on a 2006 survey of 2559 people in
Soweto, South Africa's largest township. The study reveals that 66 percent of Sowetans
accept the label middle class. It was the most widely accepted label, on its own and in
combination with other labels. Six themes emerged in the everyday descriptions of middle
class: affordability, self-sufficiency, support, comparison, youth culture, and language. The
label 'middle class' seems also to denote responsibility and social mobility. The paper
concludes that studies of the middle class do not seem to focus on how social location
affects the scope of people's social world and their range of comparison. Bibliogr., notes,
ref., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
273 Piper, Laurence
Not waiting for Jackie O : lessons in public participation advocacy in South Africa /
Laurence Piper - In: Africanus: (2011), vol. 41, no. 1, p. 30-42.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; popular participation; local government; civil society.
This article explores the significance of an important event, namely, the Pioneers of
Participation workshop held in November 2009 in Cape Town, for public participation
advocacy in South Africa. By tracing the shifting consciousness of one participant, a key
provincial official (Jackie O whose name has been changed), the article shows both how
such events can change mindsets to create better informed, better inspired and more
connected advocates for public participation, and that this transformation is not necessarily
permanent. Hence, it is argued that events like the Pioneers workshop are best located in a
broader advocacy strategy appropriate to the particular context of State-society relations. In
South Africa's case it is argued that this strategy ought to focus on the twin objectives of
policy reform - both to make formal participatory spaces more inclusive, democratic and
empowered and to support the emergence of independent, popular rooted yet technically
competent civil society formations that are capable of mediating both popular needs and
the policy system. How these objectives ought to be realized is an open question, but it is
clear that events like the Pioneers workshop can be a galvanizing and mindset changing
resource in this broader strategy. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
274 Reddy, Vasu
Framing the issues around affirmative action and equity in South Africa : policy, progress,
prospects and platitudes / introd.: Vasu Reddy, Relebohile Moletsane and Temba Masilela.
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- Durban : University of KwaZulu-Natal, Programme of Economic History/Development
Studies, 2011. - 162 p. : graf., krt., tab. ; 21 cm. - (Transformation, ISSN 0258-7696 ; no.
77) - Met bibliogr., noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; affirmative action; equal opportunity; race relations; Chinese;
women; disabled; employment; higher education; conference papers (form); 2010.
This special issue of 'Transformation' emerged out of a 2010 international conference 'A
South African dream: negotiating affirmative action for social cohesion in the transformative
State: policy, platitudes, progress and prospects'. The papers assembled in the issue
interrogate some of the factors, features, contestations and complexities informing AA, and
reflect on the social, political, cultural and economic influences that are informing debates
on the issue. The introduction is followed by eight articles: Minding the gap: attitudes
toward affirmative action in South Africa (Benjamin Roberts, Gina Weir-Smith and Vasu
Reddy); Transcending bureaucracy: State transformation in the age of the manager (Ivor
Chipkin); 'Broken down by race...': questioning social categories in redress policies
(Gerhard Maré); Women's representation in government: quotas, substantive equality and
self interested politicians (Amanda Gouws); Affirmative action and disability in South Africa
(Marguerite Schneider and Motsoakgomo I 'Papi' Nkoli); Black, yellow, (honorary) white or
just plain South African? Chinese South Africans, identity and affirmative action (Yoon Jung
Park); Moving from the letter of the law to the spirit of the law: the challenges of realising
the intent of employment equity and affirmative action (Stella Nkomo); Under new
management: the ambiguities of 'transformation' in higher education (Ulrike Kistner). [ASC
Leiden abstract]
275 Rodéhn, Cecilia
Displaying anglophile Whiteness: a case-study of a South African exhibition / Cecilia
Rodéhn - In: Nordic Journal of African Studies: (2011), vol. 20, no. 4, p. 276-299.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Whites; English-speaking South Africans; cultural heritage;
museums.
After the fall of apartheid, white South African heritage came to acquire negative
connotations, mostly because of the role that white, especially Afrikaner heritage, played
during apartheid. This was mostly due to the fact that for black South Africans, whites and
whiteness were regarded as homogenous, with few exceptions. Afrikaner heritage has
been subject to considerable research and self-criticism, but anglophile heritage has been
overlooked.The author explores the shifting attitude to anglophile whiteness as exemplified
in the exhibition 'The History Hall' at the KwaZulu-Natal Museum (Pietermaritzburg,
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa). The research pairs large-scale heritage negotiations with
local ones, and explores how anglophile whiteness was constructed in the museum as
well as how it has changed. The author investigates the museum’s geographical location
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and significance to the construction of whiteness. Next she investigates the prelude to The
History Hall from 1904–1970, and then focuses on the development of the exhibition from
1970 to the present time. The research is based on qualitative methodology, and draws on
participant observation and qualitative interviews, visual analysis, and archive materials.
Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
276 Rudwick, Stephanie
Defying a myth: a gay sub-culture in contemporary South Africa / Stephanie Rudwick - In:
Nordic Journal of African Studies: (2011), vol. 20, no. 2, p. 90-111.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Zulu; homosexuality; ethnic identity; customs.
This paper addresses contemporary proclamations of Zuluness among a sub-group of gay
Zulu men in South Africa through an interdisciplinary methodological approach. Against the
sociohistorical manifestations of the myth of homosexuality as un-African, the paper
addresses the reconciliation of Zuluness and Gayness among members of a particular gay
Zulu sub-culture. The study draws from qualitative interviews and observation data
gathered in the eThekwini region of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province between 2007 and
2010. The re-interpretation of traditional Zulu ethnicity and African/Zulu culture among gay
Zulu men in contemporary KZN offers new insights into the fluid and flexible constructions
of contemporary African ethnicities and suggests that Zulu essentialism is being
challenged. The author argues that there are three main pillars upon which Zulu gay men in
the KZN region primarily build their Zulu ethnic consciousness: firstly, the linguistic variety
of isiNgqumo which derives its lexicon from an ancient isiZulu; secondly, the belief in the
power of the 'amadlozi' (ancestors); and lastly, the adherence to the traditional custom of
'ukuhlonipha' (to show respect). Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
277 Russon, R.D.
Ten years of democratic local government elections in South Africa : is the tide turning? /
R.D. Russon - In: Journal of African Elections: (2011), vol. 10, no. 1, p. 74-98 : graf., tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; elections; voting; African National Congress.
Since the 2006 local elections in South Africa the ruling African National Congress (ANC)
has lost a total of 48 wards in by-elections and won only 15. This is a complete reversal of
the party's performance between 2000 and 2006, when it lost only five wards and won 47.
Does this signify a change in South African voting patterns? The present analysis is based
on election data provided by the Electoral Commission of South Africa on its website. It
covers a ten-year period from 2000 to 2010 and includes results of the 2011 local elections
as well as referring to the national elections of 1994 and 1999 to make a comparison. The
analysis shows the dominance of the ANC since the first democratic elections in South
Africa in 1994, which it won and continued to increase its voter support, peaking in 2004
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with a 69.69 percent majority. Similarly, in local elections the ANC dominated in 2000 and
2006. The 2011 local elections show a slightly different picture. By-elections are also
discussed, with data demonstrating a similar trend to that in the national and local elections.
The period fom 1994 to 2006 was a period of growth for the ANC and the period 2007 to
2010 was a period of decline, thus demonstrating a Bell Curve pattern. Extrapolating from
the trends outlined in the article, the author concludes that the 2014 elections will be highly
contested and will return results different from those experienced in the past, with all parties
vying for the ANC vote. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
278 Satgar, Vishwas
Beyond Marikana: the post-apartheid South African State / Vishwas Satgar - In: Africa
Spectrum: (2012), vol. 47, no. 2/3, p. 33-62.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; State; political economy; liberalism.
This article situates the Marikana massacre of 16 August 2012, in which 34 mine workers
were gunned down by police in South Africa, in the context of what the South African State
has become, and questions the characterization of the postapartheid State as a
"developmental State". This contribution first highlights what is at stake when the
postapartheid State is portrayed as a "developmental State" and how this misrecognition of
the State is ideologically constituted. Second, it argues for an approach to understanding
the postapartheid State by locating it within the context of the rise of transnational
neoliberalism and the process of indigenizing neoliberalism on the African continent. Third,
it examines the actual economic practices of the State that constitute it as an
Afro-neoliberal State. Such economic practices are historicized to show the convergence
between the postapartheid State and the ideal type neoliberal State coming to the fore in
the context of global neoliberal restructuring and crisis management. The article concludes
by recognizing that South Africa's deep globalization and globalized State affirm a form of
State practice beyond utilizing market mechanisms that includes perpetrating violence to
secure its existence. Marikana makes this point. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and
German. [ASC Leiden abstract]
279 Segatti, Aurelia
Can organisations learn without political leadership?: the case of public sector reform
among South African Home Affairs officials / Aurelia Segatti, Colin Hoag, Darshan
Vigneswaran - In: Politique africaine: (2012), no. 128, p. 121-142.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; civil servants; administrative reform; bureaucracy.
This paper deals with the transformation of "institutional culture" in bureaucratic agencies.
This is explored in the context of postapartheid South African public sector reform, and
more particularly that of migration management within the Department of Home Affairs
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(DHA). Little attention has been paid to understanding policy implementation from the
perspective of civil servants themselves. The paper assesses the effects on staff's
perceptions and practices of a politically driven attempt at inculcating a new sense of
"service delivery". Structural factors are not found to have been prevalent determinants
explaining the difficulties in implementing the reform. It is rather the failure of the political
leadership to address the lack of a shared sense of mission and the range of unintended,
counter-productive effects, elicited by the reform itself which explain the overall incapacity
to amend perceptions and behaviours among civil servants. Notes, réf., sum. in English and
French. [Journal abstract]
280 Sender, John
Fictions and elephants in the rondawel : a response to a brief chapter in South Africa's
National Development Plan / John Sender - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 78, p. 98-114 :
graf.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; rural development; agricultural policy; national plans.
How have South Africa's economic planners managed to ignore, or at least to minimize the
relevance of the most salient facts about the economic performance of the agricultural
sector, as well as the real experience of, and prospects for, millions of desperately deprived
women and men living in rural areas? There are, of course, many possible strategies to
promote polite fictions and buttress conspiracies of silence. The first section of this paper
focuses on two particular techniques used 'to write a new story' in the National
Development Plan's brief chapter on rural development (NPC 2011: Chapter 6), viz.
manipulate and omit data, and wave a populist flag. The second section outlines the failure
of the postapartheid State to take advantage of the potential contribution of the agricultural
sector, especially to expand exports. The section highlights some extremely adverse
investment and production trends - the elephants in the rondawel - so easily ignored when
wearing the NDP's ideological blinkers. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
281 Simpson, Thula
The ANC at 100 / [contrib. by Thula Simpson ... et al.]. - Pretoria : UNISA, 2012. - P.
381-706. : foto's. ; 21 cm. - (South African historical journal, ISSN 0258-2473 ; vol. 64, no.
3) - Met noten, samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; African National Congress; anti-apartheid resistance.
This special issue of the South African Historical Journal was compiled to coincide with the
centennial of the ANC in 2012. The first four articles deal with the ANC's history pre-1948:
David Killingray on significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912, Heather A.
Hughes on John Dube's public life, Jane Starfield on Dr. Modiri Molema's intellectual
engagement with the popular history of South Africa, and Meghan Healy-Clancy on women
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and the problem of family in early African nationalist history. Andrew Hayden Manson and
Bernard Mbenga's article on the ANC in the Western Transvaal/Northern Cape Platteland,
c. 1910-1964, straddles the watershed of the 1948 elections that brought the National
Party, with its policy of apartheid, to power. The next set of articles deals with the changes
in the nature of the movement in the 1950s: Tom Lodge on his 'Black politics in South
Africa since 1945' (1983), Irina Filatova on the Soviet theory of the national-democratic
revolution in South Africa, Paul S. Landau on the ANC, MK and the turn to violence, and
Scott Everett Couper on Albert Luthuli's stance on violence. Another set of articles focuses
on the exile period: Luli Callinicos on Oliver Tambo and the dilemma of the Camp mutinies
in Angola in the 1980s, Stephen Ellis on the ANC's exile history, and Carla Tsampiras on
sex in a time of exile (1980-1990). Jason Hickel examines 'workerism' in the KwaZulu-Natal
sugar industry, and the last research article, by Elizabeth Williams, discusses black British
anti-apartheid solidarity. The issue also contains Nandha Naidoo's recollections of his
experience as a South African underground trainee in Mao's China. [ASC Leiden abstract]
282 Sithole, Nkosinathi
The sacrifice of flesh and blood: male circumcision in Ibandla lamaNazaretha as a Biblical
and African ritual / Nkosinathi Sithole - In: Journal for the Study of Religion: (2012), vol. 25,
no. 1, p. 15-30.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; circumcision; African Independent Churches.
Male circumcision is an African phenomenon that has been in existence for thousands of
years, dating back to the precolonial era. In South Africa, King Shaka (1790-1828) put an
end to this practice among the Zulu, but Isaiah Shembe (1870-1935), founder of the Ibandla
lamaNazaretha or Church of the Nazarites, brought it back. Although Ibandla
lamaNazaretha started around 1910 as a local and ethnically specific church in KwaZulu
Natal, today it has a strong national following and is considered to be one of the largest
African Initiated Churches in the country. Isaiah Shembe forged his church by blending
Christian and African practices, many of the latter being prohibited in mainstream churches.
The kind of circumcision Shembe reintroduced was also a hybrid form, combining the
precolonial ritual practice and the Israelites' biblical one based on Abraham's covenant with
God. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract, edited]
283 Smit, Lise
Human rights litigation against companies in South African courts : a response to Mankayi v
Anglogold Ashanti 2011 (3) SA 327 (CC) / Lise Smit - In: South African Journal on Human
Rights: (2011), vol. 27, pt. 2, p. 354-373.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; enterprises; human rights; jurisprudence.
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On 3 March 2011, the Constitutional Court of South Africa delivered judgment in Mankayi v
Anglogold Ashanti, a human rights related case brought by an individual against a
company. The author discusses this and other relevant cases within the different fields in
which they have emerged: labour law and equality, mining and environmental law,
corporate law, administrative law and the right to health as advanced within competition
law. Despite several avenues available for human rights litigation against companies
through indirect horizontal application, South Africa currently has no body of law dealing
specifically with binding human rights obligations of companies. Nevertheless, Mankayi and
other pending cases discussed by the author are setting the stage for the development of
the common law to hold companies liable for human rights violations on the basis of delict.
The new Companies Act, moreover, expressly requires the promotion of human rights by
companies. It is expected that the next few years will see a significant enrichment of the law
of 'business and human rights' in South Africa. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
284 Smith, Darren
The constitutionality of the lessor's hypothec : attachment of a third party's goods / Darren
Smith - In: South African Journal on Human Rights: (2011), vol. 27, pt. 2, p. 308-330.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; tenancy; debt; legal remedies; property.
The lessor's tacit right of hypothec is a speedy remedy which allows lessors suffering
defaulting lessees to recover any outstanding amounts owed to them. The procedure in
South Africa for the recovery of these monies, provided for in the Magistrates' Court Act
and the Supreme Court Act, allows the moveable goods belonging to the lessee to be
judicially attached and sold in execution. During such attachments, ownership of goods is
mostly disregarded and goods belonging to third parties that are found on the premises are
subject to the same treatment. The common law provides four well-entrenched
requirements that need to be fulfilled in order to attach goods belonging to a third party. The
theoretical justifications of these requirements are that the third party has consented to their
goods being used as security for the lessee's debt or that the third party is estopped from
having their goods protected because they created an impression in the lessor's mind that
the goods belonged to the lessee. Herein lies the problem: since there is no nexus between
the third party's goods and the debt of the lessee, the theoretical justifications of consent or
estoppel become questionable and, because of this, the attachment and sale of a third
party's goods is potentially an unconstitutional and an arbitrary deprivation of property.
Recent analogous case law suggests that such deprivations of property are in fact arbitrary
and unconstitutional and it is now appropriate that the lessor's tacit right of hypothec be
contemporised to reflect the current constitutional values in South Africa. Notes, ref., sum.
[Journal abstract]
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285 Tapscott, Chris
Social mobilization and its efficacy - a case study of social movements in Langa / Chris
Tapscott - In: Africanus: (2011), vol. 41, no. 1, p. 57-69.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; protest; popular participation; social and economic rights;
urban housing; informal settlements.
The past decade has witnessed an upsurge of protest action across the length and breadth
of South Africa, predominantly by communities dissatisfied with the pace and level of
service delivery extended by their local authorities. This social mobilization is reflective of
the failure both of the channels established to ensure citizen-State interaction and, most
evidently, the failure of the local state to meet the expectations of its constituents. However,
whilst protest action has emerged as a new form of engagement with the State and an
assertion by citizens of their basic right to social and economic services, it is less clear how
effective this social mobilization is in securing these rights. It is also unclear why some
forms of collective action are more successful than others in extracting concessions from
the State. This article examines mobilization by two communities in the suburb of Langa in
Cape Town (i.e. Joe Slovo informal settlement and backyard dwellers) in their struggles for
access to free public housing. The article argues that whilst political opportunity structures
and resource mobilization, delineated in social movement literature, have influenced the
outcome of social mobilization by both communities, less studied social opportunity
structures have played an equally decisive role in determining these outcomes. Bibliogr.,
notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
286 Thompson, Lisa
From poverty to power? : women's participation in intermediary organizations in site C,
Khayelitsha / Lisa Thompson and Ina Conradie - In: Africanus: (2011), vol. 41, no. 1, p.
43-56 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; popular participation; empowerment; local government;
women; civil society.
This article examines how women organize themselves in community structures to claim
socio-economic rights through participation. The discussion is based on case study
research undertaken in Khayelitsha, Site C, where women involved in income-generating
projects (IGPs) have also been involved in a dual strategy, trying to improve their living
conditions through active engagement. The article looks at the intermediary institutions, the
South African National Civics Association (SANCO), and the Khayelitsha Development
Forum (KDF), which mediate the participatory spaces for engagement created by local
government, and how these organizations serve ordinary men and women from the
townships in terms of helping them to attain a better quality of life. Bibliogr., notes, ref.,
sum. [Journal abstract]
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287 Tshoaedi, Malehoko
(En)gendering the transition in South Africa : the role of COSATU women activists /
Malehoko Tshoaedi - In: Transformation: (2012), no. 78, p. 1-26.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; women workers; trade unions; feminism.
COSATU women's participation in the Women's National Coalition (WNC) was critical and
influential to the gendered outcomes of South Africa's transition in the early 1990s.
COSATU women's history of struggle for gender equality within the labour movement
throughout the apartheid era was fundamental to how they participated in the WNC and the
issues they represented within this structure. Contrary to views held by some feminist
writers on the South African transition, gender activism and feminist-oriented demands did
not necessarily emerge as significant in the early 1990s. Throughout the 1980s, there were
vibrant gender demands in the trade unions, though not necessarily framed in conventional
feminist terms. Women workers' interests and demands during the transition period were
informed by their lived experiences of gender discrimination in the workplace and within the
labour movement. COSATU women's representation in the WNC, and their struggles within
this structure for their voices to be heard as a working class formation, challenges the
perception that the WNC and the gendered outcomes of the South African transition was a
process mainly influenced by the 'elite'. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
288 Van der Vlies, Andrew
Queer knowledge and the politics of the gaze in contemporary South African photography:
Zanele Muholi and others / Andrew Van der Vlies - In: Journal of African Cultural Studies:
(2012), vol. 24, no. 2, p. 140-156 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; photography; LGBT; lesbianism.
This article is concerned chiefly with work by the contemporary South African lesbian
photographer and activist Zanele Muholi, drawing some comparisons with photographs by
Sabelo Mlangeni and Lunga Kama. All of these photographers are concerned with the
visibility of sexual minorities, the politics of the gaze, the construction of archives, the role of
photography that is activist, and the generation of new ideas about community and
citizenship. Muholi's work, in particular, speaks to tensions between the body politic and the
biopolitics of the black body, the autochthonous subject of tradition and the queer agent of
utopian possibility. In teasing out some of the complexities of these tensions and their
implications for audiences of the photographs, this article considers thematic concerns and
formal attributes of a number of works. It interrogates, too, their implications for thinking
about queer futurity in the postcolony, and what their reception reveals about the judgement
and tolerance of the new custodians of national cultural identities in South Africa. Bibliogr.,
notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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289 Verwey, Cornel
Whiteness, racism, and Afrikaner identity in post-apartheid South Africa / Cornel Verwey
and Michael Quayle - In: African Affairs: (2012), vol. 111, no. 445, p. 551-575 : tab.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; Afrikaners; ethnic identity; racism.
This article explores the production of postapartheid Afrikaner identity in South Africa.
Centred on the private sphere of the braai, the article draws on discursive psychology to
investigate the participants' dilemmas and struggles over their identity as Afrikaners, South
Africans, and Africans, and the ways in which these identities are being redefined. The
'backstage' talk that is usually reserved for fellow whites or Afrikaners illustrates a clear
difference between public and private constructions of Afrikaner identity. While the
participants rejected many stereotypes of Afrikaner identity, they simultaneously recycled
key discourses underlying apartheid ideology, particularly discourses of black
incompetence and whites under threat. Participants in this backstage talk generally claimed
status as 'Africans' but strongly resisted assimilation with 'Africa' or a broader African
identity. They also maintained whiteness as central to Afrikaner identity. The article
concludes that the construction of the Afrikaner community as embattled and systematically
oppressed might provide powerful support for extremism. Ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
290 Visser, Cornelius
Protection of personal information in broadcasting : the effect of the Protection of Personal
Information Bill on freedom of expression / Cornelius Visser - In: South African Journal on
Human Rights: (2011), vol. 27, pt. 2, p. 331-345.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; broadcasting; freedom of speech; civil and political rights;
legislation; jurisprudence.
South Africa's proposed Protection of Personal Information Bill 9 of 2009 is intended to
provide a person with a degree of control over his personal information where it is being
collected, stored, used or communicated by another person or institution. The Bill will
amount to the regulation of broadcasting content, especially informational privacy. The Bill
makes no reference, however, to the public interest justification, which is aimed to strike a
balance between the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy. The author
considers the regulation of broadcasting content in relation to private information in South
Africa; the common law approach to reconciling the right to privacy with the right to freedom
of expression; the regulation of private information in terms of the Bill; and whether the Bill
will impose a justifiable limitation on the right to freedom of expression. Notes, ref. [ASC
Leiden abstract]
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291 Ward, Catherine L.
Youth violence : sources and solutions in South Africa / ed. by Catherine L. Ward, Amelia
van der Merwe, Andrew Dawes. - Claremont : UCT Press, 2012. - XV, 432 p. : ill., krt. ; 23
cm - Met bibliogr., index, noten.
ISBN 1919895876
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; youth; violence; crime prevention; sexual offences.
Youth violence in South Africa: setting the scene / Catherine L. Ward, Andrew Dawes &
Richard Matzopoulos -- Gender, class, 'race' and violence / Don Foster -- The development
of youth violence: an ecological understanding / Amelia van der Merwe, Andrew Dawes &
Catherine L. Ward -- The situation of the youth in South Africa / Saadhna Panday ... [et
al.] -- Preventing the development of youth violence in the early years: implications for
South African practice / Mark Tomlinson, Andrew Dawes & Alan J. Flisher -- School-based
youth violence prevention interventions / Aník Gevers & Alan J. Flisher -- Interventions for
out-of-school contexts / Lisa Wegner & Linda Caldwell -- Intervening with youths in gangs /
Adam Cooper & Catherine L. Ward -- Youthful sex offending: the South African context,
risks and effective management / Amelia van der Merwe, Ulrich Meys & Samantha
Waterhouse -- Screen media violence and the socialisation of young viewers / Jane Stadler
-- Interventions for young offenders: what we know about what 'works' in diversion
programmes / Amelia van der Merwe & Andrew Dawes -- Addressing youth violence in
cities and neighbourhoods / Margaret Shaw -- The South African context: future directions
in research and practice / Amelia van der Merwe, Andrew Dawes & Catherine L. Ward
292 Warren, Charles H.
Shale gas in South Africa : toward an understanding of the security implications / Charles
H. Warren - In: African Security Review: (2013), vol. 22, no. 1, p. 67-73.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; natural gas; environment; politics; economic conditions.
The potentially large shale gas reserves in South Africa's Karoo region have provoked
serious debate. Critics cite legitimate environmental concerns related to hydraulic
fracturing, the controversial gas extraction technique also known as ‘fracking’. Members of
industry and others promote the potentially transformational impact on South Africa's
post-apartheid economy. Yet scholars and analysts have thus far focused on immediate
concerns and relatively short-term goals. To address the broader security implications
related to South Africa's potential commercial shale gas reserves, this article takes a new
approach and establishes important areas of further study. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal
abstract]
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293 Wylie, Diana
Special issue: Documentary photography in South Africa / eds.: Diana Wylie and Andrew
Bank. - Bellville : University of the Western Cape, Institute for Historical Research, 2012. P. 6-288. : foto's, krt. ; 25 cm. - (Kronos, ISSN 0259-0190 ; no. 38 (November 2012)) - Met
noten en samenvattingen.
ASC Subject Headings: South Africa; photography; 1900-1999.
This volume covers a century of documentary photography in South Africa, starting with the
First World War. Diana Wylie investigates in the introduction how documentary
photography may differ from photojournalism and art. Distinctions between the three
photographic categories - photojournalism, documentary photography, art - have become
blurry in post-modern times, but in South Africa this blurriness is a post-1994 phenomenon:
the urgency to document South African society disappeared only with the end of apartheid,
freeing photographers to explore questions of a personal nature. Most of the photographs
included in this issue were taken before 1994. Contents: Arteries of empire: on the
geographical imagination of South Africa's railway war, 1914/1915 (Giorgio Miescher);
Visualizing the realm of a rain queen: the production and circulation of Eileen and Jack
Krige's Lobedu fieldwork photographs from the 1930s (Patricia Davison and George
Mahashe); Reflections on the making of the 'AmaBandla Ama-Afrika Exhibition'
(2011-2012): Martin West's Soweto photographs (Paul Weinberg); Imagining National
Unity: South African propaganda efforts during the Second World War (Suryakanthie
Chetty); Lounge photography and the politics of township interiors: the representation of the
black South African home in the Ngilima photographic collection, East Rand, 1950s (Sophie
Feyder); Picturing the beloved country: Margaret Bourke-White, 'Life Magazine', and South
Africa, 1949-1950 (John Edwin Mason); Portraits, publics and politics: Gisèle Wulfsohn's
photographs of HIV/AIDS, 1987-2007 (Annabelle Wienand); Wounding apertures: violence,
affect and photography during and after apartheid (Kylie Thomas); The 'Nevergiveups' of
Grandmothers Against Poverty and AIDS: scholar-journalism-activism as social
documentary (Eric Miller, Jo-Anne Smetherham and Jennifer Fish); 'Native Work': an
artwork by Andrew Putter consisting of 38 portrait photographs (with photography by Hylton
Boucher, Kyle Weeks and Andrew Putter) (Andrew Putter). [ASC Leiden abstract]
ISLANDS
COMOROS
294 Hassane, Saïd Mohamed Saïd
Les institutions de l'Union des Comores / par Saïd Mohamed Saïd Hassane - In: Revue
juridique et politique des États francophones: (2012), année 66, no. 2, p. 174-205.
ASC Subject Headings: Comoros; institutions; constitutional law.
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L'archipel des Comores a proclamé unilatéralement son indépendance le 6 juillet 1975.
Plus tôt, lors du référendum d'autodétermination du 22 décembre 1974, à Mayotte, le non
contre l'indépendance l'avait emporté, avec 63,22 pour cent des suffrages exprimés. Le
législateur français a considéré les résultats non pas globalement mais île par île. C'est la
raison pour laquelle l'indépendance reconnue par la France le 9 juillet 1975 concerne
seulement les îles d'Anjouan, de Mohéli et de Grande-Comore, consacrant ainsi la partition
de l'archipel. Depuis cette date, l'archipel a connu une histoire politique mouvementée. Le
sécessionisme est fréquent aux Comores. L'accord cadre de Fomboni du 6 août 2000 a
lancé le processus de réconciliation nationale. Deux idées principales prévalent, d'une part
l'élargissement et le renforcement des pouvoirs des îles autonomes, et d'autre part, la
limitation des pouvoirs de l'Union. Toutefois, l'État comorien n'est pas encore véritablement
un État de droit. La présente étude entend expliciter les institutions du nouvel ensemble
comorien, l'Union des Comores. La Constitution de l'Union des Comores adoptée le 23
décembre 2001 met en place un système inédit, à la limite entre l'État fédéral et la
confédération d'États. La première partie de l'article traite de l'organisation des pouvoirs
publics, et la seconde, des rapports entre les pouvoirs publics de l'Union et des îles et les
organes de contrôle. Note, réf. [Résumé ASC Leiden]
295 Raharimanana
Les Comores : une littérature en archipel / textes réunis par Jean-Luc Raharimanana et
Magali Nirina Marson. - Lecce : Alliance française, cop. 2011. - 382 p. ; 23 cm. (Interculturel Francophonies ; 19) - Bibliogr. p. 361-372. - Met noten.
ISBN 8895343107
ASC Subject Headings: Comoros; Mayotte; literature; oral literature; literary criticism; political
conditions; writers.
Les Comores, archipel de l'océan Indien, accèdent à l'indépendance en 1975, mais
Mayotte, l'une des îles, opte pour rester française. Les Comores vont connaître des
tourments politiques, institutionnels et historiques. De coup d'État en coup d'État, des
mercenaires font et défont la démocratie. Le présent ouvrage propose un état des lieux de
la création littéraire dans l'archipel, sans différencier la littérature comorienne des trois îles
indépendantes de la littérature mahorienne de Mayotte. Cette littérature d'un archipel éclaté
est ici qualifiée de "littérature en partition". La première partie est consacrée principalement
à la littérature orale et à l'oralité. La deuxième partie traite de l'influence de la situation
politique sur la littérature, caractérisée par l'excès et la férocité, la violence de la réalité et
l'imaginaire sans issue. Cette partie comprend des entretiens de Nassur Attoumani (par
Magali Nirina Marson) et d'Abdou Salam Baco (par Nassuf Djailani). La troisième partie
interroge la question de l'invention de l'espace d'une écriture: quand l'excès et l'asphyxie
sont le lot quotidien des Comoriens, comment trouver un espace de circulation de la parole,
176
ISLANDS - COMOROS
quelle forme d'écriture adopter, quelle politiques éditoriale choisir. La quatrième partie
présente des textes inédits: extrait de théâtre de Soeuf Elbadawui, nouvelle de Mohamed
Anssoufouddine, extrait de roman d'Adjimaël Halidi, extrait de poème de Nassuf Djailani.
Cinquième partie: L'édition dans l'archipel des Comores (Christophe Cassiau-Haurie);
Bibliographies (Hayatte Abdou). Auteurs d'articles: Andrea Cali, Alain Clockers, Mlaïli
Condro, Nassuf Djaïlani, Noël-Jacques Gueunier, Fathate Karine Hassan, Magali Nirina
Marson, Saïd Assoumani Mohamed, Isabelle Mohamed, Jean-Luc Raharimanana,
Aboubacar Saïd Salim, Abdérémane Saïd Mohamed Wadjih. {Résumé ASC Leiden]
296 Walker, Iain
Is social capital fungible? : the rise and fall of the Sanduk microcredit project in Ngazidja /
Iain Walker - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p. 709-726.
ASC Subject Headings: Comoros; microfinance; banking; social networks; social structure.
In 1993 the Sanduk, a French microcredit project that was explicitly modelled on the
Bangladeshi Grameen Bank, was established on Ngazidja. Reasoning that in order to
succeed the project would need to adapt to local conditions, the project operators drew up
a blueprint for the project that was inspired by the Grameen Bank but attentive to the
specific social and cultural context, thus merging Bangladeshi principles of social solidarity
with a Ngazidja cultural context. The concept of social capital was invoked and oversight of
the bank conferred upon customary authority figures, the assumption being that men who
had acquired status in a ritual context would be able to exercise authority over the banks
debtors. This proved not to be the case; many of the banks found themselves operating
without effective control and were chronically dysfunctional. This paper looks at how the
concept of social capital framed thinking within the project management, and suggests why
this led to failure. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
MAURITIUS
297 Kasenally, Roukaya
Mauritius: the not so perfect democracy / Roukaya Kasenally - In: Journal of African
Elections: (2011), vol. 10, no. 1, p. 33-47.
ASC Subject Headings: Mauritius; political conditions.
As a result of its success in managing diversity and capitalising on protected markets and
guaranteed export prices, Mauritius has emerged in recent decades as a democratic and
economic model for its peers on the African continent. However, with the onset of
globalization Mauritius is now entering a period of democratic stagnation as islanders
confront the rise of ethnic and dynastic politics, the advent of political cronyism and
patronage, the marginalization of minorities, and growing disenchantment with and
177
ISLANDS - MAURITIUS
cynicism about the political class. This article highlights what can be considered the
numerous deficiencies and flaws in the highly celebrated Mauritian "picture perfect model".
Due attention must be given to addressing these if a social, economic and political
implosion is to be avoided. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]
178