Issue no. 2/2008

ANUL LIII
2008
STUDIA
UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI
STUDIA EUROPAEA
2
EDITORIAL OFFICE: Republicii no. 24, 400015 Cluj‐Napoca ♦ Phone 0264‐40.53.52 SUMAR – CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE – INHALT P R O F E S O R H O N O R I S C A U S A ALBERTO CASTALDINI Nuove prospettive per la storiografia sull’ebraismo in età moderna…………..5 P O L I T I C A L S C I E N C E A N D P O L I T I C A L S O C I O L O G Y SERGIU MIŞCOIU Habitus et Agence dans le modelage theorique des formations des nations en Europe....................................................................................................................17 SEBASTIEN JAKUBOWSKI, MICHEL SUEUR
Retour d’une expérience hors norme: le juré/sociologue en Cour d’Assises ....31 E U R O P E A N C U L T U R E: P A S T A N D P R E S E N T ELENI GAVRA, GEORGIAGEMENETZI Protection and Management of Architectural and Cultural Heritage in F.Y.R.O.M. Today: An Attempt at promoting the European Perspective .........53 CHRISTIAN SCHUSTER Der fremde Europäer ................................................................................................73 F O R U M ALEXANDER GONZÁLEZ CHEVARRIA Nouveaux traits du problème de la souveraineté dʹaprès les changements récents dans la cooperation internationale pour le developpement ..................83 SIMONA VARGA Non‐Governmental Organizations as Actors of International Relations ‐ Case Study: The International Committee of the Red Cross .............................105 BOGDAN LUCIAN Spectre, Hurricane or Neither of Them. Does Hugo Chávez Really Pose a Direct Threat to the U.S.?........................................................................................123 B O O K R E V I E W LUCIE ACKERMANN P. J. Geary, Quand les nations refont l’histoire. L’invention des origines médiévales de l’Europe, Paris, Aubier, 2004.. ..........................................................147 RAPHAËLLE CHARGOIS Ernst Cassirer, Le Mythe de lʹÉtat, Éditions Gallimard, Paris, 1993 ...................155
ABSTRACTS – RÉSUMÉS – ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEN NUOVE PROSPETTIVE PER LA STORIOGRAFIA SULL’EBRAISMO IN ETÀ MODERNA Alberto Castaldini Abstract Cultural and ideological factors influence the historiographical research on the Jewish presence in Italy and Europe. The dramatic experiences in the recent Jewish history make up a further filter for reconstructing and reading the past. But in this way the aims of historiography, whose ideal should be a perfect synthesis of historical research and story, are not always observed. The historian of the Hebraism has therefore a very important role in defining correct interpretative categories in this domain of research Key words: historiography, Jews, ideology, modernity, research HABITUS ET AGENCE DANS LE MODELAGE THEORIQUE DES FORMATIONS DES NATIONS EN EUROPE Sergiu Mişcoiu Abstract This article aims at presenting the significance of two key‐concepts – ‘habitus’ and ‘agency’ – in elaborating a constructivist theoretical model of nation formation in the early modern Western Europe. It is constructed in two parts: while in the first one I present the general constructivist approach and model that I have proposed, in the second part I stress the explanatory role of ‘habitus’ and ‘agency’ in modeling the nation formation process or, in the words of the definition I propose, in the process of fusion between the communities of identity and the political communities, so as the nation became a ‘politically autonomous community of identity’. Key words: nation, habitus, agency, constructivism, identity RETOUR D’UNE EXPERIENCE HORS NORME: LE JURE/SOCIOLOGUE EN COUR D’ASSISES Sébastien Jakubowski et Michel Sueur Abstract The object of this paper is to give an account in a descriptive and analytical manner the legal experience as selected members in a jury of assizes of two sociologists. Delivered testimony shows the epistemological difficulties for juror to become again sociologist at the time of the lawsuits. Anyhow the authors decipher the selection process of the jury, question the status of the proof and the credibility of the experts and point the influence exerted on the jury at the time of deliberation. This article is a contribution to the debate but does not claim to draw general laws from these singular experiences. Key words: experience, courts, law, sociology, jury PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN F.Y.R.O.M. TODAY: AN ATTEMPT AT PROMOTINGTHE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE Eleni G. Gavra and Georgia Gemenetzi Abstract F.Y.R.O.M. is an independent country since 1991, after the collapse of Yugoslav Federation and today attempts to forward its integration to the European Community. In the context of its reconstruction as a state with European perspective, ventures the reorganization of cultural sector, the re‐expression and harmonization of the principles of protection and management of cultural heritage and, also, of the cultural legislation, with the directions and the institutional framework of European Union. Key words: architecture, heritage, management, Europe, Macedonia DER FREMDE EUROPÄER Christian Schuster Abstract Hannah Arendt once stated, with regret, that with the founding of the state of Israel the Jewish people lost their identity based on millennia of being “the stranger”. In a similar way, I think that, after centuries of being strangers – but not foreigners! – to each other, our European special identity is endangered by the European construction. Far from being an opponent of the unification process, I believe that this endeavor should not be understood as an attempt to create (or recreate) a European cultural identity in change of the old national identities. Following the example of the urban way of life, we have to estrange each other further, as social groups and nations, to provide the cultural, ideological, political diversity needed by the functional mechanisms of the Union. Key words: European identity, stranger, globalization, systems theory, Europe, urbanity NOUVEAUX TRAITS DU PROBLEME DE LA SOUVERAINETE APRES LES CHANGEMENT RECENTS DANS LA COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT Alexander González Chevarria Abstract: Building upon the concepts of sovereignty, interdependence, risk and governance, I propose in this article a mechanism to formalize the effect of the recent changes in the system of international cooperation for development upon the function of government in the aid recipient countries, which raises new dimensions in the debates around the problem of sovereignty. Key words: sovereignty, Latin America, cooperation, development, international relations NON‐GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AS ACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. CASE STUDY: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS Simona Varga Abstract This paper attempts to analyse the status on non‐governmental organizations in today’s system of international relations, by examining the legal status, activities and the influence exercised by such an entity – the International Committee of the Red Cross – through the lenses of the four main theories of international relations: Realism, Liberalism, Social Constructivism and Neo‐Marxist theories. Key words: non‐governmental organizations, actors, Red Cross, liberalism, constructivism SPECTRE, HURRICANE OR NEITHER OF THEM. DOES HUGO CHÁVEZ REALLY POSE A DIRECT THREAT TO THE U.S.? Bogdan Lucian Abstract: The late years have marked a swift ascension of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez on the international arena. This was largely determined by his volcanic personality, able to draw the world’s eyes upon him on almost every occasion, but also by the new geopolitical context determined by the war against terror. We shall analyze President Chávez through the prism of the caudillo (Latin American strongman) archetype, and see reasons for which he can, or can not – hence trying to dismantle this myth ‐ , be deemed as posing a direct threat to the U.S. on the world arena. Key words: Latin America, oil, threats, conflicts, anti‐americanism