science
Transcription
science
Lexique 1/2 a scientist (n) scientific (a) a scientific field / domain to analyze / analysis to observe / observation to experiment / an experiment to check / to verify / verification theory / practice a laboratory / a lab experimental work / lab work findings / conclusions a law a study research (in) a researcher to do research (in) a research project to discover / a discovery a hypothesis chemistry a test tube physics astrophysics biology botany genetics genetic engineering a cell DNA un savant, un sientifique scientifique un domaine scientifique analyser / analyse observer / observation expérimenter / une expérience vérifier / vérification la théorie / la pratique un laboratoire / un labo les travaux expérimentaux les conclusions une loi une étude la recherche / les recherches un chercheur faire de la recherche (en) un projet de recherche découvrir / une découverte une hypothèse la chimie un tube à essais la physique astrophysique la biologie la botanique la génétique le génie génétique une cellule ADN 1 Lexique 2/2 biotechnology GMO(s) acoustics astronomy computer science cybernetics nanotechnology liquid / solid (n/a) a chemical to patent to freeze to dissolve to mix to heat to cool to melt les biotechnologies OGM(s) l’acoustique l’astronomie l’informatique la cybernétique les nanotechnologies (un) liquide / solide un produit chimique breveter / un brevet geler dissoudre mélanger chauffer refroidir faire fondre 2 Exercice 1 Trouvez l’adjectif correspondant au nom. Complétez le tableau. corrigé en page 11 Nouns 1. analysis 1. biology 1. chemistry 1. observation 1. physics 1. science 1. theory 1. practice 1. experiment Adjectives Exercice 2 Trouvez le nom correspondant au verbe. Complétez le tableau. corrigé en page 11 Verbs 1. describe 2. experiment 3. explain 4. fail 5. hypothesize 6. observe 7. predict 8. publish 9. solve 10. analyze Nouns 3 Exercice 3 Qui étudie quoi? Faites correspondre à chaque matière son spécialiste. Complétez le tableau. corrigé en page 11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. astrophysics biology chemistry genetics physics zoology Exercice 4 Classez les mots suivants en fonction des catégories auxquelles ils appartiennent. corrigé en page 11 a solid / blood group / byte / carbon / cell / chip / density / DNA / gene / globule / immune system / infrared / lens / light year / mass / pressure / pulsar / ray / shooting star / soda / software / sulfur / weight 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Chemistry Biology Genetics Physics Optics Astronomy Computer science Cloning 4 Exercice 5 Chassez l’intrus. Un mot par son sens peut ne pas appartenir à la série. Entourez-le. corrigé en page 11 a 1. delete 2. freeze 3. to melt 4. verification 5. therapy b upgrade dissolve to modernize observation evil c reboot debug to upgrade hypothesis cure d boil heat to update law remedy Exercice 6 Avec quels verbes accordez-vous les mots suivants? Mettez une croix dans la case correspondante. corrigé en page 11 verbs to do to make to carry out to conduct to perform research experiment 5 tests Exercice 7 Les mots suivants peuvent s’employer avec certains verbes seulement. Compléter la colonne A du tableau pour former une collocation. corrigé en page 11 check / collect / formulate / gather / make / organize / support / test A B a hypothesis data information an observation a possibility 6 Exercice 8 Complétez le texte qui suit par les mots qui conviennent. (the scientific method) corrigé en page 11 accepted / based / formulated / observed / published / recorded / reproduced / reproduced / submitted / suggested / validated / verified / verified The scientific method is a series of processes characteristic of scientific investigation and the acquisition of new scientific knowledge ___________ upon physical evidence. The development of the scientific method is indivisible from the development of science itself. If advances are to be made, a certain number of steps must be taken. First and foremost a theory must be ___________ and ___________ through experimentation. Observations demands careful measurement and the use of definitions of relevant concepts. A hypothesis includes a ___________ explanation of the subject. Scientific work will become accepted by the community only if they can be ___________. Experimental and theoretical results must be ___________ by others within the science community before they can be ___________. The results must therefore be precisely ___________ and accurately ___________. If results contrary to the predictions are found, the hypothesis is incorrect or incomplete and requires revision. If results confirm the hypothesis they can be ___________ in away which will allow others to reproduce the same experiments and results. Scientific journals use a process of peer review in which scientists’ papers describing experimental results and their conclusions are ___________ for evaluation. Results that are not easily ___________ are often controversial. All scientific knowledge is in a state of flux, for at any time new evidence could be presented that contradicts a long-held hypothesis. Thus what is ___________ as law by one generation may not be so by the next. 7 Exercice 9 Complétez les phrases par le mot qui convient. Puis dites à quelle science ils se rapportent. corrigé en page 11 breeding / cell / DNA / eggs / gene / reproduction / test-tube baby 1. It is defined as anything made with techniques that alter the molecular or ___________ biology of an organism by means that are not possible under natural conditions or processes. It includes recombinant ___________ and gene deletion and doubling. 2. It is a method of assisted ___________ that involves removing ___________ from a woman’s ovary, combining the egg with sperm in a dish and replacing the resulting embryos in the woman’s uterus. Since the first ___________ was conceived in 1998, thousands of infertile parents have benefited from the procedure. 3. This technique uses specialized DNA technology to produce multiple, exact copies of a single ___________ or other segment of DNA to obtain enough material for further study. Dolly was the first example of such research. 4. What is produced in this process in often not something that could occur naturally or through conventional ___________ - for example, crosses between tomatoes and fish are possible. 8 Exercice 10 Donnez les réponses aux définitions qui suivent. Faites correspondre les questions avec les réponses. corrigé en page 12 1. H2O is the chemical symbol for 2. The basic unit of power is called 3. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called 4. Paleontolgy is the study of 5. The earth has… continents 6. Mathematics is the study of 7. The speed of light is 8. The absence of matter is called 9 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. vacuum 300,000 kilometers per second watt water numbers ancient life forms 7 fossil fuels Exercice 11 Quel est le nom des sciences suivantes? (scientific fields) corrigé en page 12 1. The science that deals with the Universe beyond the Earth is called ___________. 2. The scientific study of matter and motion is called ___________. 3. The scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the changes they undergo is called ___________. 4. The study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits is called ___________. 5. The science that studies living organisms is called ___________. 6. The study and classification of animals and animal life is called ___________. 7. The study of plants is called ___________. 8. The manipulation of living organisms to create new products or to modify existing ones is called ___________. 9. Creating genetically identical cells from a single ancestor is called ___________. 10. The science of creating highly miniaturized machines that work on the molecular level is called ___________. 11. The study of how electrical-mechanical devices can duplicate actions of the human body is called ___________. 12. The science related to the design, construction and operation of nuclear reactors is called ___________. 13. The artificial introduction of changes to the genes in a cell is called ___________. 14. The science of low temperature phenomena is called ___________. 15. The branch of the astronomy dealing with the physics of astronomical objects and phenomena is called ___________. 10 Corrigés 1/2 Exercice 1 1. analytical – 2. biological – 3. chemical – 4. observant – 5. physical – 6. scientific – 7. theoretical – 8. practical – 9. experimental Exercice 2 1. description – 2. experimentation – 3. explanation – 4. failure – 5. hypothesis – 6. observation – 7. prediction – 8. publication – 9. solution – 10. analysis Exercice 3 1.astrophysicist – 2. biologist – 3. chemist – 4. geneticist – 5. physician – 7. zoologist Exercice 4 1. a solid, carbon, sulfur, soda – 2. blood group, globule, gene – 3. immune system – 4. weight, mass, density, pressure – 5. ray, lens, infrared – 6. shooting star, light year, pulsar – 7. software, chip, byte – 8. cell, DNA Exercice 5 1d. série de verbes propres à l’informatique. 2c. Mots appartenant à la série de la chimie. 3a. Mots appartenant aux verbes marquant la modernization. 4. Mots propres à la méthode scientifique. Pas d’intrus. 5b. Mots propres au remède, sauf b = mal. Exercice 6 1. research: do, carry out, conduct - experiment: to do, carry out, perform – 3. tests: do, carry out, conduct Exercice 7 1. form / test / make / check / formulate / support – 2. check / organize – 3. gather / collect – 4. make – 5. test Exercice 8 based / formulated / verified / suggested / verified / reproduced / validated / observed / recorded / published / submitted / reproduced / accepted Exercice 9 1. cell, DNA – 2. reproduction, eggs, test-tube baby – 3. gene – 4. breeding 1. genetic engineering - 2. in vitro fertilization - 3. cloning - 4. GMO (genetically modified organisms) 11 Corrigé 2/2 Exercice 10 1c – 2b – 3h – 4e – 5f – 6d – 7b – 8a Exercice 11 1. astronomy - 2. physics - 3. chemistry - 4. genetics - 5. biology - 6. zoology - 7. botany – 8. biotechnology – 9. cloning – 10. nanotechnology – 11. cybernetics – 12. nuclear engineering – 13. genetic engineering – 14. cryogenics – 15. astrophysics 12