1. Base Programming

1.
BaseProgramming
GIORGIORUSSOLILLO-Coursdeprépara+onàlacer+fica+onSAS«BaseProgramming»
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WhatisSAS
•  Highlyflexibleandintegratedsokware
environment;youcanuseSASfor:
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BaseSAS
Thefounda+onofSASsokwareiscalled
BaseSAS.
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ThiscourseassumesthatyouarerunningBase
SASsokwareinthewindowingenvironment
WhichprogrammingworkspaceamIusing?
•  Help->About
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Setupprac+cedata
TocreateapermanentSASlibrarynamed
sasuser:
•  Help->LearningSASprogramming->OK
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SASprogram
ASASprogramisadatafilethatisformabedinawaythatSAScanunderstand.
Itcanconsistofoneormoresteps:
aDATAstep,aPROCsteporanycombina+onofthetwo
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Datastep
WithaDatastepyoucancreateormodifydatasets:
YouuseaDatastepfor:
-  PutyourdatainaSASdataset
-  Computevalues
-  Checkforandcorrecterrorsinyourdata
-  ProducenewSASdatasetsbysubsepng,
supersepng,mergingandupda+ngexis+ng
data
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ProcStep
Invokepre-wribenrou+nesthatenableyoutoanalyzeandprocessthe
datainaSASdataset
YoucanusePROCstepsto:
-  Createareportthatliststhedata
-  Producedecrip+vesta+s+cs
-  Createasummaryreport
-  Produceplotandchart
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Generallyaprograminvolvesacombina+on
ofthetwostepslikethis:
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SASStatements
ASASprogramconsistsofstatements
ASASstatement:
-  UsuallybeginswithaSASkeyword
-  Alwaysendswithasemicolon
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ASASprogram
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UnderstandingaSASprogram
•  Treesteps..
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..13statements..
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..Amongthemtwoglobalstatements:
-  Globalstatementsareall-alone-statements.
-  YoucanuseglobalstatementsanywhereinaSASprogram.
-  Globalstatementsarenotexecutable;theytakeeffectassoonasSAScompilesprogramstatements.
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SASstatementsarefreeformat
-  Theycanbeginandendanywhereonaline
-  Astatementcancon+nueonseverallines
-  Severalstatementscanbeonthesameline
-  BlanksorspecialcharacterssepararewordsinaSASstatement
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Processingaprogram
DATAsasuser.admit2;
SETsasuser.admit;
WHEREage>39;
RUN;
PROCPRINTDATA=sasuser.admit2;
RUN;
Bounderiesofastep:
-  AstepbeginsbyDATAorPROCstatements
-  AstependsbyRUNorQUITstatement(althoughtheRUNstatementisnotalways
requiredbetweensteps,usingitcanmaketheSASprogrameasiertoreadanddebug)
-  Atthestepboundary,SAS:i)executesanystatementsthathavenotpreviously
executedii)endsthestep
StepsaresubmibedinEnhancedEditororinProgramEditorwindows
Whenyousubmitaprogram,SASexecuteitstepbystep.
-  AlogisgeneratedintheLogwindow(forbothPROCandDATAsteps)
-  ReportsaregeneratedinOutput(asalist)andinResultsViewer(inHTML)windows
formostofPROCsteps(excep+ons:copy,sort...).YoucanfindreportsalsoinResultswindow.
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ReportWindow
SomeSASprogramopenaninterac+vewindow,suchasaREPORTwindow.Youcanuse
thiswindowtodirectlymodifydata
PROCREPORTDATA=sasuser.admitWINDOWS;
COLUMNSidnamssexageactlevel;
RUN;
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Programmingworkspace:Editor
Windows
EnhancedEditorFeatures:
-  OpeningSASprograms
-  Entering,edi+ngandsubmipngSAS
programs
-  Usingthecommandlineormenus
-  SavingSASprograms
-  Clearingcontents
ProgramEditorFeatures:
-  OpeningSASprograms
-  Entering,edi+ngandsubmipngSAS
programs
-  Usingthecommandlineormenus
-  SavingSASprograms
-  Clearingcontents
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-  RecallingSubmibedstatements
ColorCodingandsintaxchecking
Expandableandcollapsibilesec+ons
Recordablemacros
Supportforkeyboardshortcuts
Mul+-levelundoandredo
Forclearanyofthesewindows,whenthewindowisac+ve:Edit->Clearall
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Programmingworkspace:Editor
Windows
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Sepngresultformats
Twoformats:Lis+ngandHTML.Differentversions,differentdefault.
Tools->Op+ons->Preferences->Results
-  BothHTMLandLISTINGarethedefaultinSAS9.3inWindowsandUNIX
-  JustHTMListhedefaultinSAS9.4inWindowsandUNIX
-  Inotherplavorms,youhavejustLISTINGmode,butyoucancreateHTML
outputusingprogrammingstatements
-  YoucanchoosetoshowtheHTMLoutputinanotherbrowser
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TheLogwindows
-  TheLogwindowdisplaysmessagesaboutyourSASsessionandaboutanySAS
programsthatyousubmit.
-  Todisplaythiswindow:View->Log
-  Toclearthiswindow:Edit->Clearall
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Theoutputwindows
-  TheOutputandResultViewerwindowslistoutputfromSASprogramthatyou
submit.
-  OutputshowsresultsinLISTINGmode,ResultsViewershowsresultsinHTML
mode
-  Bydefaulttheyarebehindtheeditorandthelogwindows.Whenyoucreate
output,theyautoma+callymovetothefrontofyourdisplay(Outputbehind
ResultViewer).
-  Todisplayoutputwindow:View->Output
-  TheResultswindowlistsandarrangesinatreestructuretheoutput.
-  Itallowsbrowsingoutputeasily
-  Itallowsviewing,savingandprin+ngindividualitemsofoutput
-  ItdislaysseparateiconsforLISTINGandHTMLoutputs
-  Todisplaythiswindow:View->Results
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Theexplorerwindow
TheExplorerwindowallowsyouto
-  ViewandmanageSASfiles(inthelibraries)butalsonon-SAS(external)files.
-  CreatenewlibrariesandSASfiles
-  Moving,copinganddele+ngfiles
-  Createshortcutstoexternalfiles.
-  Todisplaythiswindow:View->Explorer
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SASLibraries
-  ASASlibraryisa
collec+onofSASfiles
storedinthesame
directory
-  TemporarySASlibrarieslastonly
forthecurrentsession
-  PermanentSASLibrariesare
availableduringsubsequent
sessions
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ReferringaSASdataset
Twolevel(dividedbyaperiod)names:
libref
Filename
Theyrefertothe
same(temporary)
library
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Ifyoudon’tspecifyalibrarynamewhenyoucreateafile(oryouspecifythelibraryname
Work),thefileisstoredinthetemporarySASdatalibrary
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RulesforSASfilenamesandlibref
Filename
-  Canbe1to32characterslong
-  Mustbeginwithaleber(uppercaseorlowercase)oranunderscore
-  Cancon+nuewithanycombina+onofnumbers,lebersorunderscores
Ex:Payroll,LABDATA1995_1997,E+matedTaxPayments3
Libref
-  Canbe1to8characterslong
-  Mustbeginwithaleber(uppercaseorlowercase)oranunderscore
-  Cancon+nuewithanycombina+onofnumbers,lebersorunderscores
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SASDatasets
ASASDatasetisafilethatconsistsoftwoparts:
adescriptorpor,on
and
adatapor,on
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Descrip+onpor+on
PROCCONTENTSDATA=sasuser.insure;
RUN;
-  Nameofthedataset
-  Dateand+methedatasetwascreated
-  Thenumberofobserva+ons
-  Thenumberofvariables
-  TheproperIes(aKributes)ofeachvariable
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VariableAbributes:Name
VariableName,astheFileName:
-  Canbe1to32characterslong
-  Mustbeginwithaleber(uppercaseorlowercase)oranunderscore
-  Cancon+nuewithanycombina+onofnumbers,lebersorunderscores
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VariableAbributes:Type
-  Cancontainanyvalues
-  Ablankrepresentsa
missingvaluefor
charactervariables
-  Cancontainonly
numericvalues
-  Aperiodrepresentsa
missingvaluefor
numericvariables
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VariableAbributes:Length
Lengthismeasuredinbytes
(1character->1byte)
Numericvariablesare
storedbydefaultin8bytes
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Variableabributes:Format&Informat
FormatindicateshowadatavalueisdisplayedbySAS
Ex:Todisplaythevalue1234as$1,234.00youcanusetheDOLLAR8.2format
InformatindicateshowarawdatavalueisreadbySASinordertobe
convertedinaSASdatavalue
Ex:$12,345.00containstwospecialcharacters.Youcanuseinformatop+on
COMMA10.forremovingdollarsymbolandcomma,inordertostore12345as
anumericvalue
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Variableabributes:Label
Thelabelisadescrip+vetextupto256characterlong
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Datapor+on
Itisacollec+onofvaluesarrangedinarectangulartable
PROCPRINTDATA=sasuser.insurenoobs;
RUN;
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FileShortcuts
YoucancreateafileshortcuttoanexternalfileandstoreitintheFileShortcuts
folderintheExplorerwindow.
-  filerefisanop+onalnamethatisusedtoiden+fyanexternalfileinSAS.
-  youcanuseafileshortcuttoopenbrowseandsubmitafile
-  Whenyoudeleteafileshortcut,thepointertothefileisdeleted.Howeverthe
files+llexistsinitsphisicalloca+on
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Help
Usingthiswindowisataskorientedhelpreferringtotheac+vewindow.
Otherop+onsofthehelpmenu:
-  SashelpandDocumenta+on(completeguidetoSAS)
-  Gepngstartedtutorials
-  LearningSASprogramming(createdatasetusedintraining)
-  SASontheweb(technicalsupport)
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