Séquence WW1 - Anglais LP Rouen
Transcription
Séquence WW1 - Anglais LP Rouen
Séquence WW1 Speak then about give a the pictures title to the document. HELP : Lord Kitchener was a famous British marshal (soldier); the sinking = le naufrage Franz Ferdinand was an Austro-Hungarian “prince” (archduke); a tree lined road = une route bordée d’arbres Page 1 Séquence WW1 TRACE ÉCRITE : ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Votre mission : Dans le cadre de la commémoration du centenaire de la Première Guerre Mondiale, une rencontre est organisée entre Bolbec et sa ville jumelée, Landkreis-Wittlage située en Allemagne. Lors de la soirée d’accueil des Allemands, vous devrez effectuer par groupe de deux une présentation orale en anglais, langue des échanges entre les deux communautés, d’un des aspects de « la Grande Guerre » choisi au préalable parmi les suivants : Les événements déclencheurs. La vie dans les tranchées. Les théâtres de guerre (autres que la Bataille de la Somme). Les types d’armement utilisés. Les alliances. Les « leaders » de la guerre. L’armistice et ses conséquences (Traité de Versailles, évolutions géographiques…) Les bilans humain et matériel. Page 2 Séquence WW1 World War I broke out in late Summer 1914, but tension had been building in Europe since 1900. The Main Causes M A I N Alliances Imperialism ilitarism lliances Empire mperialism ationalism Militarism Task 1 : Make sure you know the terms by completing the sentences. Nationalism Germany Glossary Agreements or promises to defend and help another country. Trying to build up an empire. Where a powerful country controls several less powerful countries. Building up armed forces and getting ready for war. Having pride in your country and being ready to defend it. Germany wanted to build up her empire. This is known as _____________ Germany also built up her armed forces. This is known as _____________ Britain As Britain had the most powerful navy in the World, she was worried about other countries building up their armed forces. We could call this a worry about ______________. Britain, Germany and other countries were keen to have large empires. Europe European people were very proud of their countries and would defend their country as well as they could. This is called ________________. Page 3 Séquence WW1 Task 2: By 1900 Europe was divided into two alliances. Using the internet or a map your teacher will show you, add in the names of the major countries (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy, Russia) then colour in the countries: one colour for the Triple Alliance, one colour for the Triple Entente. Page 4 Séquence WW1 Task 3: Using your “alliances map”, complete the table below: Alliance Countries in the Alliance Triple Entente Triple Alliance Task 4: Complete the following text using the words on the right. Europe was divided into two _____________. These were called the Triple ____________ and the Triple ____________. Members of each alliance promised to fight for each other if they were attacked. It would only take a small incident to spark a war involving all of _____________. Germany had been trying to build up her navy and her empire. B________ was __________ about this. Both countries raced each other to build the best navy. There was tension between both countries. This cause is called ______________. The area to the south-east of _________-__________ was known as the Balkans. The area was very unstable. The European alliances had different ideas on how to deal with the problem. France was keen for ___________ on Germany. Germany had taken land from the French in 1871, they wanted the land back. They said it had been __________ from them by Germany. Page 5 Words stolen worried alliances Europe Entente alliance Austro-Hungary militarism revenge Britain Séquence WW1 Page 6 Séquence WW1 A trigger event = the major event HOMEWORK (source : www.SchoolHistory.co.uk) which caused WW1 Page 7 Séquence WW1 Task 6 : Answer the following questions, make full sentences. What is a theatre of war ? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Look at the slide show (Theatres of WW1). How many theatres of war were there during World War 1 ? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Write them down in the grid below : What were their characteristics ? Fill in the following chart NAMES WHERE WHO Page 8 WHEN FAMOUS BATTLES Séquence WW1 Task 7: Learn more about one of the major events of WW1 by giving each picture its correct caption. Cut and paste them on your copybook. 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 Page 9 Séquence WW1 At 7.20 am 40,000 pounds of explosive was detonated under a German machine gun position at Beaumont Hamel. The bombing had not destroyed the barbed wire. By the end of the first day 57,000 British soldiers were casualties – 19,000 dead. General Haig – the man who planned the Battle of the Somme. Tanks were first used at the Battle of the Somme. The battle line stretched some 25 miles. By the end of the Battle, the British had advanced 8 km. British troops on their way to the Somme. 750,000 men were sent to the Battle of the Somme. Page 10 Séquence WW1 Task 8: Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right then copy into your copybook. A block of barbed wire and wooden Communications Trench obstacles to stop any enemy soldier from advancing through the trench system. A break in the barbed wire to allow Sandbag soldiers out into no man’s land An underground shelter. Often used No Man’s Land for storage A channel at the bottom of the Sump trench to allow water to drain away. Trenches between the front line trenches and the support trenches, used Trench Block by messengers to relay messages to the front line and back. Wire Break The area between the opposing sides’ Xx xxx front lines. A bag filled with sand to protect the trench from flooding and the men Bunker from bullets. Page 11 Séquence WW1 PRÉPARATION À LA 3ÈME PARTIE DE L’ÉPREUVE ORALE The trench, when we reached it, was half full of mud and water. We set to work to try and drain it. Our efforts were hampered by the fact that the French, who had first occupied it, had buried their dead in the bottom and sides. Every stroke of the pick encountered a body. The smell was awful. Private Pollard The stench of the dead bodies now is awful as they have been exposed to the sun for several days, many have swollen and burst. The trench is full of other occupants, things with lots of legs, also swarms of rats. Sergeant A. Vine The other one said to me "Chas, I am going home to my wife and kids. I'll be some use to them as a cripple, but none at all dead! I am starving here, and so are they at home, we may as well starve together." With that he fired a shot through his boot. When the medics got his boot off, two of his toes and a lot of his foot had gone. But the injuring oneself to get out of it was quite common. Charles Young Vocabulary help : were hampered = étaient ralentis ; stench = puanteur ; swarm = colonie ; cripple =infirme ; to swell = gonfler ; gumboots = bottes en caoutchouc ; whale = baleine ; frostbite = engelure ; to avoid = éviter All we lived on was tea and dog biscuits. If we got meat once a week we were lucky, but imagine trying to eat standing in a trench full of water with the smell of dead bodies nearby. Richard Beasley If you have never had trench feet described to you. I will tell you. Your feet swell to two or three times their normal size and go completely dead. You could stick a bayonet into them and not feel a thing. If you are fortunate enough not to lose your feet and the swelling begins to go down. It is then that the intolerable, indescribable agony begins. I have heard men cry and even scream with the pain and many had to have their feet and legs amputated. Sergeant Harry Roberts These feet have trench foot and frostbite caused by standing for hours in a freezing waterlogged trench. To avoid this condition soldiers were told to change their socks regularly, wear waterproof footwear or gumboots and cover their feet with whale oil. Page 12 Séquence WW1 Task 9 : Après avoir lu le document, répondez en français aux questions posées : 1. De quoi parle ce document ? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. Qui sont les personnes dont les noms sont en italique ? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. La vie dans les tranchées était-elle saine ? Pourquoi ? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 4. Qu’est-il arrivé au compagnon d’armes de Charles Young ? Pourquoi a t-il fait ça à votre avis ? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. Quelles conséquences physiques la vie dans les tranchées entrainait-elle chez les soldats ? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Page 13 Séquence WW1 Task 10 : Etude de l’affiche et de la bande annonce du film Joyeux Noël 1. The poster a) Describe the document 1) Talk about the document. - What kind of document is it ? …………………………………… - What is the title of the film ? ……………………………………… - Who is the director ? …………………………………………………. - Who are the main actors ?.............................................. 2) What was the situation of France in 1914 ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) Who are the men represented on the document ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Whose hands are these ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) a little bit of history 1) What are WW1’s dates ? 1913-1915 1914-1916 1914-1918 1914-1945 2) During that war there were : about 2 million victims about 4 million victims about 9 million victims 3) During that war, two important alliances were created : The Triple-Entente and the Triple-Alliance : a) Circle in blue the countries belonging to the Triple Entente in 1914. b) Circle in red the countries belonging to the Triple Alliance in 1914. France Germany The United Kingdom Page 14 Austro-Hungary Russia Séquence WW1 4) The end of WW1 was signed on : November 11th 1918 December 11th 1918 November 11th 1917 c) A little bit of vocabulary : Link the pictures to the words a) 1) no man’s land b) c) d) 2) a shell 3) barbed wire 4) a trench 2. The trailer Watch the trailer at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRrr-CDXijs After the first watching 1) Where does the scene take place ? .............................................................................................. 2) When does it take place ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) What different languages can you hear ?................................................................................... 4) Where do the soldiers come from (countries) ?……………………………………………………………………. 5) According to the colours and light, is it a funny film or a sad one ?.................................... After the second watching 1) Which characters can you see in the trailer ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Put the following sentences at their right place in the chart : They are suffering on the front ; They believe that the people’s opinion is the most important thing ; They represent authority ; They believe that all soldiers have the same value ; They believe their men are traitors ; They put decorations on Christmas trees in no man’s land ; They don’t think that the opinion of the French people is the most important thing. Page 15 Séquence WW1 The Generals The soldiers 3) The candles on the trees symbolise a) hope b) hatred c) nostalgia d) death 4) What message does this trailer convey ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) Learn more about Christmas 1914 truce Compléter le texte avec les mots suivants : trêve- soldats - plusieurs camps - guerre Noël - morts - no man’s land - en guerre La trêve de Noël 1914 En décembre 1914, les soldats sont épuisés. Ils sont également choqués par le nombre de …………………….. et de blessés de guerre. Quand Noël approche, dans certains camps, les soldats des différentes nations décident de faire une ………………….. et d’arrêter de combattre. Cependant, à d’autres endroits, la …………………… continue. Au front, près de la ville d’Ypres, en Belgique, les soldats allemands installent des sapins dans la zone du …………………………... Les arbres sont décorés de bougies et de lanternes en papier. Les allemands commencent à chanter des chansons de ……………………….. Les soldats français et britanniques les rejoignent et chantent eux aussi. Ils jouent ensemble aux cartes et au football. Ils échangent des cigarettes contre des cigares et partagent leur nourriture. Ils enterrent également leurs morts. La trêve de Noël n’avait pas été organisée mais elle a quand même eu lieu dans plusieurs endroits au même moment. Dans certains endroits, elle a commencé la veille de Noël et dans d’autres, le jour de Noël. Dans ……………………………………………., elle a duré une journée, dans d’autres, plusieurs jours. Plusieurs milliers de ……………………………………. ont vécu cet événement. Tout cela a été très mal accueilli par les dirigeants des différents pays ………………………………………. La trêve a été censurée et elle n’a pas été répétée les années suivantes. Page 16 Séquence WW1 During World War One, a wide variety of weapons were used: The main weapon used by British soldiers in the trenches was the bolt-action rifle. 15 rounds could be fired in a minute and a person 1,400 metres away could be killed. Machine guns needed 4-6 men to work them and had to be on a flat surface. They had the fire-power of 100 guns. Large field guns (artillery) had a long range and could deliver devastating blows to the enemy but needed up to 12 men to work them. They fired shells which exploded on impact. The German army were the first to use chlorine gas at the battle of Ypres in 1915. Chlorine gas causes a burning sensation in the throat and chest pains. Death is painful – you suffocate! The problem with chlorine gas is that the weather must be right. Mustard gas was the most deadly weapon used. It was fired into the trenches in shells. It is colourless and takes 12 hours to take effect. Effects include – blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks. The Zeppelin, also known as blimp, was an airship that was used during the early part of the war in bombing raids by the Germans. They carried machine guns and bombs. However, they were abandoned because they were easy to shoot out of the sky. Tanks were used for the first time in the First World War. They were developed to cope with the conditions on the Western Front. The first tank was called ‘Little Willie’ and needed a crew of 3. Its maximum speed was 3mph and it could not cross trenches. The more modern tank was not developed until just before the end of the war. It could carry 10 men, had a revolving turret and could reach 4mph. Planes were also used for the first time. At first they were used to deliver bombs and for spying work but became fighter aircraft armed with machine guns, bombs and some times canons. Fights between two planes in the sky became known as ‘dogfights’ Torpedoes were used by submarines. The Germans used torpedoes to blow up ships carrying supplies from America to Britain. The Germans torpedoed the passenger liner Lusitania on May 1st 1915 which sank with a loss of 1,195 lives. Americans were outraged and joined the war in 1917 on the side of the allies. Page 17 Séquence WW1 Task 11: Consignes de travail “First World War Weapons” Diviser la classe en groupes de 2 élèves, distribuer à chacun des groupes l’un des paragraphes du document intitulé First World War Weapons . Ils devront: Lire leur document et compléter les informations les concernant sur le tableau ; Retrouver dans la classe qui possède les informations sur les autres types d’armes et compléter le tableau selon les informations obtenues. Pour y parvenir chaque groupe sera chargé de poser des questions à l’un des autres groupes. Au préalable et après la lecture de leur document, chaque groupe / binôme travaillera à l’élaboration des questions à poser aux autres groupes en s’aidant de la légende suivante et des rappels grammaticaux proposés. Légende: 1 = NAME OF THE WEAPON 2 = EFFECTS / DAMAGES 3 = WHERE 4 = WHO / COUNTRY 5 = OTHER INFORMATION Lien vers le tableau à compléter REMEMBER ! Répondez aux questions Dans quel ordre met-on les différents éléments qui constituent une question ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Quel élément de la question porte la marque du temps ? Que remarquez-vous concernant le groupe verbal ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Pouvez-vous nommer quelques mots interrogatifs et donner leur signification ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Repérez les groupes verbaux dans le texte qui vous a été donné. A quel temps sont-ils ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 18 Séquence WW1 Task 12 : Have a look at the following document, then answer the questions: Nation Total Number of servicemen engaged in the war. Number of deaths. Austria 7,800,000 1,200,000 Britain (inc Empire) 8,904,467 908,371 France 8,410,000 1,357,800 Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 Italy 5,615,000 650,000 Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 United States 4,355,000 126,000 1) Which country had the most soldiers in WW1 ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) Which country had the least soldiers in WW1 ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3) Which country had the highest number of deaths ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Which country had the least number of deaths ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5) Draw a graph in your copybook to show the numbers of soldiers of each country and the number of deaths. RAPPEL : LE SUPERLATIF Il se forme en ajoutant la terminaison –EST aux adjectifs dits courts (une à deux syllabes maxi) ou bien en utilisant THE MOST devant les adjectifs dits longs (plus de deux syllabes). Page 19 Séquence WW1 Task 13: Read this document and do the quiz at the following link http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/versaillesquickquiz.htm World War One ended at 11am on 11th November 1918. In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused. However, negotiations between the 'big four' Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson of America did not go smoothly. Wilson believed that his fourteen points was the only way to secure everlasting peace. The French however, wanted the defeated nations to be punished severely and believed Wilson's plan too lenient. Privately Lloyd George sided with Wilson although he was concerned about the threat from Communism, however, the British public, like Clemenceau, wanted Germany punished severely. After prolonged discussion agreement was eventually reached. The Germans were summoned to Versailles to sign the treaty on 28th June 1919. Although Germany was not happy with the Treaty they had little choice but to sign. Page 20 Séquence WW1 Terms of the Treaty of Versailles There were a total of 440 clauses in the final treaty. The first 26 clauses dealt with the establishment of the League of Nations. The remaining 414 clauses spelled out Germany's punishment: General Clauses The establishment of the League of Nations War Guilt clause Germany to accept blame for starting the war. Financial Clauses Reparations - Germany was to pay for the damage caused by the war. The figure of £6,600 million was set some time after the signing of the treaty. Military Clauses Army - was to be reduced to 100,000 men and no tanks were allowed Navy - Germany was only allowed 6 ships and no submarines Airforce - Germany was not allowed an airforce Rhineland - The Rhineland area was to be kept free of German military personnel and weapons Territorial Clauses Anschluss - Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria. Land - Germany lost land to a number of other countries. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, Eupen and Malmedy were given to Belgium, North Schleswig was given to Denmark. Land was also taken from Germany and given to Czechoslovakia and Poland. The League of Nations took control of Germany's colonies This map shows the areas that Germany lost following the Treaty of Versailles. The Other Defeated Nations The Treaty of Versailles determined the punishment that Germany should face. Other treaties determined the fate of those countries that had fought with Germany Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey. Austria and Hungary were divided and therefore signed separate treaties Page 21 Séquence WW1 Page 22 Séquence WW1 Task 14 : Page 23 Séquence WW1 1. « Remembrance », what verb does it evoke? Website to visit : http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/remembrance.html 2. When is Remembrance Day? Which date does it correspond to? 3. Where is the National ceremony? 4. Which objects are put in front of memorials? 5. What is the name of the red flower symbol of remembrance? 6. Where did that flower grow? 7. What music is played with a bugle (kind of trumpet) during the ceremony? 8. What do people do after that music? 9. What do people traditionally wear? 10. Search and read the poem “Flanders Fields” by John McCrae. Who speaks? Page 24 Séquence WW1 WWI 1914-2014/ Remembrance Day/ webquest/ clues (si nécessaire pour les élèves les plus faibles) 1 2 3 4 Vous avez déjà vu ce verbe dans un document précédent When = vous cherchez une date historique, laquelle? Where = vous cherchez un lieu Object= mot transparent In front of = devant 5 6 Where = vous cherchez un lieu Grow = pousser 7 On cherche le nom du morceau Bugle= c’est un instrument de musique 8 Do = verbe faire After = après 9 What = on cherche un objet, une chose Wear = porter (un vêtement) 10 Who = on cherche qui parle dans ce poème Page 25 Séquence WW1 Which countries formed the Triple Alliance? Which Countries formed the Triple Entente? Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy France, Britain, Russia France, Germany, Italy Russia, Britain, Germany France, Germany, Italy Russia, Britain, Germany Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy France, Britain, Russia When did World War One begin? Summer 1914 Summer 1918 Winter 1914 Winter 1918 Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand? People were proud of their countries and prepared to fight to defend them. This is called: Nationalism Militarism Imperialism Stupid Which country had the most soldiers? Principal Gavrillo Gavrilo Princip Pavlio Garip Gari Principle What is the name of the space between the two sides’ front lines? Germany Austria-Hungary Britain Russia In the trenches, what did the expression ‘Going over the top’ mean? Free for all No man’s land Nothing land Empty space What were sandbags used for? Becoming suicidal Talking too much Going out of the trench to fight Going insane What was a trench block? To protect the men from bullets To stop the trench from collapsing To protect artillery All of these A A A A 2002 www.historyonthenet.co.uk Page 26 ball of barbed wire and wood trench that was flooded trench that was taken by the enemy trench that had collapsed