Journée des doctorants en économie Jeudi 15 janvier 2015
Transcription
Journée des doctorants en économie Jeudi 15 janvier 2015
Journée des doctorants en économie Jeudi 15 janvier 2015 9h15-16h30 Salle A709 Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 1 Programme 9h15-9h30: Accueil 9h30-10h10: Mathilde Peron “Does health insurance encourage the rise in medical prices ? A test on balance billing in France” 10h10-10h50: Rova Rakotoarson “Consommation de soins et état de santé: prévention de l’absentéisme” 10h50-11h10: Pause de 20 minutes 11h10-11h50: Marine de Talancé “Better Teachers, Better Results? Evidence from rural Pakistan” 11h50-12h30: Yuanjing Li “Vertical Structure and Forward Contract in Electricity Market” 12h30-13h30: Pause déjeuner (1h) 13h30-14h10: Charlie Joyez “In search of international self-reliance: How MNE progressively opt wholly owned subsidiaries.” 14h10-14h50: Julien Navaux “Intergenerational transfers within the family: Do family and professional events matter? 14h50-15h10: Pause de 20 minutes 15h10-15h50: Mathilde Godard “School’s out for summer, school’s out forever”: the long-term health consequences of leaving school in a bad economy” 15h50-16h30: Mathilde Pak “Revisiting an old debate: does a more flexible exchange rate promote faster current account adjustments?” 16h30: Discours de clôture d’Eve Caroli 16h30-19h: Cocktail Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 2 Table des Matières Mathilde Peron, “Does health insurance encourage the rise in medical prices ? A test on balance billing in France” ............................................................................................................................... 4 Rova Rakotoarson, “Consommation de soins et état de santé: prévention de l’absentéisme” . 5 Marine de Talancé, “Better Teachers, Better Results? Evidence from rural Pakistan” ............. 6 Yuanjing Li, “Vertical Structure and Forward Contract in Electricity Market” .......................... 7 Charlie Joyez, “In search of international self-reliance: How MNE progressively opt wholly owned subsidiaries.” ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Julien Navaux, “Intergenerational transfers within the family: Do family and professional events matter? ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Mathilde Godard, “School’s out for summer, school’s out forever”: the long-term health consequences of leaving school in a bad economy” ............................................................................ 10 Mathilde Pak, “Revisiting an old debate: does a more flexible exchange rate promote faster current account adjustments?” .................................................................................................................... 11 Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 3 Mathilde Peron, “Does Health Insurance Encourage the Rise in Medical Prices? A Test on Balance Billing in France” Auteurs: Mathilde Peron and Brigitte Dormont Équipe: LEGOS Directeur de thèse: Brigitte Dormont Discutant: Clémentine Garrouste Résumé: In this paper, we examine the impact of supplementary health insurance coverage on patient's recourse to specialists, on their propensity to use specialists who "balance bill" their patients, i.e. charge them more than the regulated fee, and on the amount of balance billing per consultation. For that purpose, we estimate the causal impact on patients' behavior of a shock consisting of better coverage of balance billing, while controlling for supply side drivers. We use an original panel data set with health care claims, basic and supplementary reimbursements of 58,336 individuals between January 2010 and December 2012. We follow these enrollees when they are all covered by the same health insurance contract, La Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), with no coverage for balance billing, and after that 5,134 among them have switched towards another contract which is likely to offer better coverage. We find evidence of moral hazard and, for some individuals, of limitation in access to care due to balance billing. However, our main result is the lack of impact of a shock on coverage when people have a real choice between physicians who charge balance billing and physicians who don't. Mots-clés: Supplementary health insurance; Balance billing; Health care access Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 4 Rova Rakotoarson, “Consommation de Soins et Etat de Santé: Prévention de l’Absentéisme” Auteur: Rova Rakotoarson Équipe: LEDa Directeur de thèse: Jean-Hervé Lorenzi Discutant: Florence Jusot Résumé: La prévention en santé et la santé au travail sont deux thèmes actuellement très étudiés par la littérature économique. Nous relions ces deux thèmes en abordant la prévention de la santé des salariés et en cherchant à cibler les populations qui devraient être sujettes à plus de prévention. Si on se réfère à la littérature sur la prévention, il est difficile de distinguer ce qui relève du préventif et du curatif en termes de soins et on peut se demander s’il faut poser en ces termes la discussion sur la prévention (en l’occurrence prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire). Les travaux entrepris par l’IRDES sur la prévention s’emploient à identifier ex-ante les soins liés à la prévention. A l’inverse de ce processus, nous définissons ex-post les actes de prévention en observant in fine l’état de santé des individus. Notre travail consiste, à partir d’une base de données de plus de 100 000 salariés ayant recours à une complémentaire santé, d’identifier des comportements de recours aux soins liés à un état de santé. Cet état de santé se mesure notamment par les jours d’absence pour maladie. Nous utilisons l’analyse de données, avec la classification par partitionnement et la classification ascendante hiérarchique pour mettre en évidence une typologie des comportements en santé. Finalement nous obtenons deux classifications de ces salariés. Une première est une analyse statique à partir de leurs consommations médicales et de leurs arrêts de travail. La seconde, qui lui est complémentaire, introduit une dimension temporelle. Ces deux analyses jointes permettent de mettre en évidence des comportements de santé plus préventifs que d’autres. 9,4% de la population étudiée pourrait être sensibilisée à la prévention en termes de consommation médicale et 4,3% de la population pourrait faire l’objet de prévention en termes de conditions de travail. Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 5 Marine de Talancé, “Better Teachers, Better Results? Evidence from Rural Pakistan” Auteur: Marine de Talancé Équipe: DIAL Directeur de thèse: Philippe de Vreyer et Najat El Mekkaoui Discutant: Florence Arestoff Résumé: According to the Human Capital Theory, schooling is one of the main contributors to the skills of an individual and to his earnings. Recently, researchers and policymakers have underscored the necessity to not only increase educational attainment but also to improve the quality of schooling in order to reach the development path. Nevertheless, most of the papers examining the determinants of the quality of schooling have failed to include in a comprehensive framework the crucial role of teachers. In this paper, a theoretical model is implemented in order to specify an education production function which takes into account teachers' effects on students' achievement. Both contemporaneous and gain specifications are implemented along with different specifications. We apply this model to three districts in the rural province in Punjab, Pakistan, using the original LEAPS panel database to assess the characteristics of teachers which matter in order to increase the quality of primary education in this region. Our results prove that teachers' factors matter more than background and classroom characteristics. Increasing and reforming teachers' wages, teachers' experience especially within the school, i-e reducing turnover would be a good way to improve schooling quality along with recruiting teachers with non-permanent contracts. Furthermore, our analysis shows the importance of reforming training programs and bonus' policies. These results are robust to changes in specification and changes in the sample. Mots-clés: Education, Quality, Pakistan, Punjab, Primary Schooling, Skills, Teachers, Temporary contract Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 6 Yuanjing Li, “Vertical Structure and Forward Contract in Electricity Market” Auteur: Yuanjing Li Équipe: CGEMP Directeur de thèse: Anna Creti Discutant: Frédéric Loss Résumé: The pro-competitive effects of forward contracts in electricity market cannot be regarded alone without examining the market structure. In this paper, we show that under retail competition, spot market demand uncertainty and risk aversion, partially or fully integrated electricity generators and retailers have less incentives to be involved in trading electricity under forward contracts. Therefore, the effect of market power mitigation of forward contracts is countered by this vertical relationship between retailers and generators since it provides a natural hedging device as a substitute of forward contracts to the retailers. Both analytic framework and numerical simulation suggest that the optimal quantity of forward sales decreases and spot price increases with the degree of vertical control of retailers over generators’ assets. We thus conclude that the retailers’ ownership over generation assets could give rise to exercise of market power in electricity spot market. Mots-clés: Electricity, forward contracts, vertical integration Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 7 Charlie Joyez, “In Search of International Self-Reliance: How MNE Progressively Opt Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.” Auteur: Charlie Joyez Équipe: DIAL Directeur de thèse: El Mouhoub Mouhoud Discutant: Lise Patureau Résumé: This paper reveals that the more internationally experienced firms lean toward wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) when establishing abroad, reflecting a gradual pattern of internationalization, from joint ventures to full ownership of foreign affiliates. Based on an extensive survey of 3,238 new French affiliates over a decade (1996-2006) and across 92 host countries, we first use Kolmogorov - Smirnov tests to make sure of the stochastic dominance in experience and productivity of WOS parents. Extending the \new new" trade theories tools to the entry mode choice, we investigate the relative role of experience and productivity over foreign ownership, worldwide and for OECD and non-OECD destinations. We use both linear (OLS, Tobit) and non-linear (Logit) estimation strategies, that lead to similar results. Productivity and international experience favor full ownership of foreign affiliates in northern countries (i.e. for most French FDIs). For southern destinations, international experience is also associated with increased ownership, whereas the investor total factor productivity no longer influences the equity share held. Gathering the traditional heterogeneous firms models with the international business literature provides interesting supports for our results. Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 8 Julien Navaux, “Intergenerational Transfers Within the Family: Do Family and Professional Events Matter? Auteurs: Julien Navaux avec Maëlan Le Goff et Lionel Ragot Équipe: LEDa Directeur de thèse: Hervé Lorenzi et Lionel Ragot Discutant: Flore Gubert Résumé: Nous utilisons l’Étude des Relations Familiales et Intergénérationnelles pour mesurer l’impact des évènements de la vie familiale et professionnelle sur la probabilité de recevoir des transferts des parents et sur la probabilité de verser des transferts aux enfants. Les résultats de cette étude mettent en évidence le fait que les transferts intergénérationnels répondent aux besoins des enfants, qui font suite à la survenue de certains évènements familiaux et professionnels. De plus, chaque type de transfert (aides financières régulières, aides financières occasionnelles et exceptionnelles, aides en temps) semble répondre à des besoins spécifiques. Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 9 Mathilde Godard, “School’s out for summer, school’s out forever”: the long-term health consequences of leaving school in a bad economy” Auteur: Mathilde Godard and Clémentine Garrouste Équipe: LEGOS Directeur de thèse: Eve Caroli et Florence Jusot Discutant: Brigitte Dormont Résumé: This paper investigates whether leaving school in a bad economy deteriorates health in the long-run. We focus on individuals in England and Wales who left full-time education in their last year of compulsory schooling immediately after the 1973 oil crisis. Our identification strategy builds on two sources. First, it relies on the comparison of very similar individuals – born the same year – whose school-leaving behaviour in different economic conditions was exogenously induced by compulsory schooling laws. More specifically, within a same birth cohort, pupils born at the end of the calendar year (September to December) were forced to leave school almost a year later than pupils born earlier in the year (January to August). We then exploit the sharp increase in unemployment rates generated by the 1973 oil crisis. Between 1974 and 1976, each school cohort indeed faced worse economic conditions at labour-market entry than the previous one. Unlike school-leavers who did postpone their entry on the labour market during the 1980s and 1990s recessions, we provide evidence that pupils’ decisions to leave school at compulsory age in 1974-1976 were not endogenous to the contemporaneous economic conditions at labour-market entry. We use a repeated cross section of individuals over 1983-2001 from the General Household Survey (GHS) and take a life-course perspective. Our results show that men who left school in a bad economy have a higher probability of smoking and of having ever smoked over the whole period (1983-2001). Women who left school in a bad economy report lower health, have a higher probability of consulting a GP and of restricting their activity due to illness or injury over the whole period. Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 10 Mathilde Pak, “Revisiting an Old Debate: Does a More Flexible Exchange Rate Promote Faster Current Account Adjustments?” Auteur: Mathilde Pak Équipe: SDFi Directeur de thèse: Anne Epaulard Discutant: Marie Bessec Résumé: The aim of this paper is to provide additional elements to contribute to the debate around the role of exchange rate flexibility in the persistence of current account adjustments. In doing so, we rely on ad hoc conditions to define persistent current account improvements and deteriorations. Describing adjustments according to their persistence, size, length, and average speed, we find that both persistent improvements and deteriorations are smaller under floating regimes. Temporary deteriorations are also smaller and sharper under floating regimes. We then use a probit model and traditional explanatory variables to analyze the probability of a country to experience persistent adjustments rather than temporary ones. Regarding the exchange rate regime, we find that adjustments occurring under floating regimes are less likely to be persistent, especially in the case of emerging and developing countries. However there are some asymmetries in the adjustments. While floating regimes increase the likelihood for a current account to improve faster rather than in a persistent way, they do not seem to matter for the speed of current account deteriorations. Université Paris-Dauphine – Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny – 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 -www.dauphine.fr www.edd.dauphine.fr 11