Senegal Final Report - Global Change System for

Transcription

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation
and Mitigation in Development Planning:
National Policy Dialogue in Senegal
POST DIALOGUE REPORT
Organized by ENDA “Energy, Environment, Development” Programme and START
International Secretariat
Hotel Le NDIAMBOUR
Dakar, Senegal
12-14 April 2010
Prepared by Elaine Tweneboah (PhD), University of Ghana, Legon
April 2010
Project Partners: Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), World Meteorological Organization (WMO);
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); United Nations Environment Program (UNEP); Global
Change SysTem for Analysis Research and Training (START); Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA), University
of Dar es Salaam, University of Ghana.
Senegal National Science-Policy and Climate Change Workshop Report
Introduction
Senegal is located at the extreme west of the African continent. Neighbouring countries are
Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south. The Atlantic
Ocean draws a natural border on the west of the country. Senegal faces many significant
challenges associated with climate change. Approximately 46% of Senegal is classified as
semiarid with very little precipitation, predominately sparse savannah vegetation of grasses and
shrubs. Most of Senegal has a typically tropical climate, but the northern regions lie in the
sub‐tropical semi‐arid belt called the Sahel. The topography of Senegal consists mainly of rolling
sandy plains, but rises to hills in the south east. Much of the land is threatened with
desertification because of overgrazing, inadequately controlled cutting of forests for fuel, and
soil erosion from over cultivation. In addition, wildlife populations are threatened by poaching,
deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, desertification and overfishing. Dakar suffers from such
typical urban problems as improper sanitation, flooding and air pollution. All these factors
increase Senegal’s vulnerability to climate change.
Although there have been some efforts at the national level at integrating climate change into
policy in Senegal, these have proven inadequate. Awareness remains at low levels especially
among policy makers. It is against this backdrop that a science-policy dialogue on climate was
organised. A total of nine national-level science-policy dialogues are being organized under the
project Understanding the Findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Fourth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2007- Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation in Development Planning. The science-policy dialogues are designed to address the
need for better communication at the science-policy interface on climate change issues, and are
supported by the World Meteorological Organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, the UN Environment Programme, START, the University of Ghana, and other partners.
The dialogue in Senegal is the fifth in the series of dialogues, the first of which was held in
Accra, Ghana (October 2009), Tanzania (January 2010), Bangladesh (February 2010) and
Nigeria (February 2010). Like the others, the science-policy dialogue on climate change in
Senegal was convened to address the need for better communication to inform decision making
on climate change.
The two and a half day programme, Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in
Development Planning, was held at the Hotel Le Ndiambour in Dakar, Senegal and organised by
ENDA Energy, Environment, Development Programme. The program consisted of an opening
session of introductions, nine technical sessions and a roundtable discussion. The dialogue
brought together about fifty-six registered participants (see Annex 1) from seven countries. The
participants from Senegal consisted of:
• Members of Parliament,
• Natural Resource Management professionals,
• Senior Management and officials from various Ministries, Departments and Agencies
(MDAs),
• Media,
• Members of the University and Academic Community,
• Local and International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
Hotel Le Ndiambour 12 – 14 April 2010
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•
•
UN and Donor Organizations, and
Private individuals.
This post-dialogue report is intended to provide an overview of the issues covered and to convey
how the event helped to meet the objectives of the national science-policy dialogue, i.e.,
increasing awareness and understanding of climate change risks, and options for mitigation and
adaptation; sharing perspectives on policy responses and linkages of climate change adaptation
and mitigation to national development goals; and helping to build and promote determination
for action.
Senegal National Policy Dialogue
The official opening ceremony began with the introduction of the science-policy dialogue by Dr.
Jean-Philippe Thomas who is the coordinator at the ENDA Energy, Environment, Development
Programme and the Focal Person for the dialogue. He noted that ENDA had been involved in the
implementation process of the conventions and protocols on climate change since the 1990s.
Among its aims is to ensure that all people— politicians, ministers, teachers and local peoplehave the same understanding of the implications of climate change. He explained that the
purpose of the dialogue was to assemble key stakeholders to deliberate on important aspects of
climate change that needed to be addressed and presented to the government for application. He
concluded by noting that at least five persons who have been actively involved in the IPCC
reporting process would be presenting at the meeting. Since the dialogue was being held in
Senegal it was an opportunity for participants to inform themselves on the results of the IPCC,
especially in view of the voices of unrest particularly in Francophone countries challenging the
results of the IPCC.
The introductory remarks were followed by remarks from the EU representative in Senegal Mr.
Stéphane Halgand. He thanked the organizers for recognizing the work of the EU in the area of
climate change. He mentioned the support the EU continues to give the IPCC. Commenting on
the programmes the EU had in Senegal and other countries, he emphasised the EU’s belief that
developed countries should offer financial assistance to developing countries, a financial
framework, which went beyond the usual aid programmes and which would help in adaptation
and mitigation programmes. His remarks were followed by those of Dr. Hassan Virji, of the
International START Secretariat. Dr. Virji gave a brief history of START and described its
activities in Africa. He explained that the Senegal national science-policy dialogue was the fifth
in the series of nine dialogues, and introduced the various partners (START, EU, UNEP, WCRP,
WMO, IPCC), the three regional centres (IRA/PASS at UDSM, U of Ghana, BCAS) and the
local organizers (such as ENDA). He highlighted the aim of the workshop, which was to
consider the IPCC Assessments and projections, impacts, vulnerability and adaptation, and issues
of mitigation. He stressed the need to consider Senegal national issues, concerns and strategies,
and that the expected outcomes should be to inform and engage communities, actively
participating in national and international climate change efforts. Hence it was important to have
a dialogue, not just a series of power point presentations and Q&A.
The workshop was officially opened by Mr. Elimane Bâ who represented the Honorable Mr.
Djibo Leyti KA, Minister of Environment of Senegal. He mentioned the various initiatives being
undertaken by government to make its policies more climate-sensitive. He expressed high
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expectations that the workshop not be business as usual but will produce outcomes that can
complement government’s efforts in climate change adaptation and mitigation.
The nine technical sessions addressed issues of climate change with regards to scenario
modelling, water, agriculture, health, coastal zones, gender, ecosystems – terrestrial and
biodiversity, LULUCF, urban areas (national). Technical presentations were to a large extent,
given by an IPCC AR4 author and were followed by a 10-minute presentation by a Senegalese
discussant who elaborated on the key issues of that particular thematic area in the Senegalese
context (Table 1). For sessions in which no AR4 presenter was available, a Senegalese resource
person summarised the relevance of the IPCC findings to the Senegalese context before
presenting the Senegalese point of view.
Table 1: Presentations at the Senegalese National Policy Dialogue
Presenter
Topic
Discussant
Amadou
Thierno Gaye
Climate Change Scenarios & Modelling
Himself
Roland Schulze
Impacts of Climate Change on Water
Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
Raymond Malou
Andrew
Githeko
Climate Change and Health
Cheikh Fall
Isabelle Niang
Herself
Fatou Sarr
Climate Change & Coastal Zone Ecosystems
Discussion on water, agriculture, and health,
reflecting on the 3 presentations and with a
focus on GENDER
Pius Yanda
Ecosystems – Terrestrial and biodiversity
Nalla Mbaye
Daniel Gwary
Land use, land use change and Forestry
(LULUCF)
Urban Areas (National)
Libasse Ba
Mamadou
Khouma
Boubacar Fall
Himself
Herself
Himself
Session 1: Climate change projections and scenarios
Presenter: Amadou Gaye (LPA/UCAD)
This presentation covered global-scale issues of temperature rise and precipitation changes, and
projections of potential climate conditions. He set the stage for his the presentation by
summarizing the earlier IPCC reports. Prof. Gaye emphasized the fact that global warming is
acknowledged widely. Direct observations show that there are increased temperatures, sea level
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rise, melting glaciers etc. The rate of green house gas emissions have accelerated over the last 30
years. The effects of climate variability are not uniform and will lead to drought in certain areas
and flooding in others. Prof. Gaye expressed the need to better resolve accuracy issues around
General Circulation Models and regional climate models, and of the need to improve
understanding of dynamic processes. As challenges, he emphasized the need for developing
regional models, examine risk management options and the need for multidisciplinary research
in the field of climate change.
General discussion
Three main points stood out during the discussions. The first was the need for behaviour change.
Some participants were of the view that there was enough knowledge and expertise in Senegal
when it came to climate change. However the bigger problem was how to effect behaviour
change, move from the “business as usual” attitude, which emphasized accelerated growth, to an
alternative society which was sustainable. This of course meant a change in the methods of
production and consumption. Another point was the issue of paucity of data and the lack of local
researchers/modellers at the local level. Since most of the global models did not incorporate local
data, their use in national policies was limited. The third point was the absence of a “culture of
prevention” in Senegal. For example there was the need to coordinate development strategies
such as PRSPs and to link these with climate change
Session 2: Impacts of Climate Change on Water
Presenter: Roland Schulze (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
Prof. Schulz began his presentation by stating that water is central to life. He noted that over the
last several years there has been effort to move away from concentrating on only run-off, and
instead to focus on “blue” and “green” water thus bringing agriculture into the water debate. He
noted that investment for poverty alleviation should target in particular rain fed agriculture.
Talking about Africa’s real water challenges in relation to climate change, Prof. Schulze
emphasized that water resource management is already daunting. There are engineering,
ecological and governance perspectives. Hence factoring in climate change issues will be not be
easy. In order to move forward there was the need to face the “big issues” in climate change.
There was also the need to formalise local climate change adaptation strategies for the water
sector. These should be done within the legal and policy frameworks in a manner that
demonstrates government’s commitment to adapt. In addition, he discussed the need to address
more secondary and tertiary impacts of climate change in the water sector such as climate change
and eutrophication, climate change and rural livelihoods, and climate change, gender and water.
Discussant: Raymond Malou, UCAD/Département de Géologie
The discussant described the relief system of Senegal. He pointed out that rainfall quantities have
been on the decline and the effect of this decline on the major river systems can be seen
especially after the 1960s. Some have dried up completely, others have been reduced to small
islets. Underground water tables are also reacting adversely to climate change. Considering the
fact that the Sahel areas have a tendency to gravitate towards drought it was important that water
resources were protected against the impacts of climate change.
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General discussions
Water related conflicts dominated the discussions that followed the presentations. Better
management and control of water resources minimizes conflicts. The causes of these conflicts
and how they related to climate change were debated extensively. Participants were of the view
that considering how delicate the issue was, it was important to put in place institutions to tackle
such conflicts when they arose. The issue of the availability of quality water was also raised,
which shifted the discussion to other topics such as irrigation and the rampant drilling of
boreholes. The general conclusion was that famers have to be trained in effective water use.
Issues around incentives and water costing need further research to understand their viability.
Session 3: Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
Presenter: Mamadou Khouma (IDEV-IC Dakar)
Dr Mamadou Khouma gave a brief background on the IPCC reports before highlighting the case
of Senegal. He noted that Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change.
This vulnerability is increased by factors such as high dependence on rain fed agriculture, fragile
soils and little diversification of agricultural activities in rural areas. Potential sources of
vulnerability include the increase in poverty, lack of control over water resources, soil
salinisation and poor water quality.
Elaborating on the Senegalese context, Dr. Khouma highlighted some of the pressures faced by
the agricultural sector in Senegal. These included human pressure, population pressure, water
scarcity, heat stress, drought/flood events, poor policies leading to extraction without restitution,
and pressure from pests and diseases. Current impacts of climate change and climate variability
include irregularity of production, increase frequency of floods in Senegal, heat stress on crops
and livestock, reduction in yield and increase in poverty. He noted that the projected impacts of
climate change will be a reduction in agricultural yield, shortening of growth periods, increase
degradation of soils, bush fires that will further increase greenhouse gas emissions, and loss of
agro-biodiversity. According to Dr Khouma, the models used to study impacts of climate change
on agriculture showed that climate change will translate into a loss of income. He called for a
holistic approach to addressing the current and potential impacts of climate change on
agriculture. Strategies that encouraged agroforesty, retention ponds, reliable forecasting and
early warning systems, collection of phytogenic resources and better management of water
resources needed to be developed.
General discussions
The discussion focused on the implications of climate change on food security. Considering the
fact that a large portion of Senegal is semi arid, there was a lot of pressure to increase access to,
as well as quantity of food. It was also noted that most of the time the fishery sector was
neglected when talking about the impacts of climate change on agriculture. However fish was an
important source of protein for many Senegalese. The need for a multidisciplinary approach
involving climatologists, agronomists, entomologists, economists, and others in developing and
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promoting adaptation strategies in agronomic practices, and soil and nutrient management
strategies was also raised in the discussion. The need to invest in institutions rather than
individual people was highlighted. Participants were of the view that investments in
meteorological systems and early warning systems could assist farmers adapt to climate change.
Session 4: Climate Change and Health
Presenter: Andrew Githeko (Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya)
His presentation highlighted the world’s increasing thirst for energy, which has resulted in
increasing CO2 emissions. He described the implications of climate change on eight major
elements of health, including food (under-nutrition and malnutrition), safe drinking water
(quantity and quality), hazards, food-, water-, vector- and air-borne diseases, and cardiovascular
diseases. Common food-borne diseases that will be affected by climate change include E. coli,
salmonella, typhoid, and cholera. Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, rift valley fever,
leishmaniasis and chikunyunga will also increase with climate change. In conclusion Dr. Githeko
pointed out that adaptation includes the use of food reserves/grain stores for long periods of
drought, increased use of safe drinking water (simple technologies such as the Indian filter which
cuts out 90% cholera), prediction of extreme weather events, increased hygiene (simple measures
such as soap and water and proper storage of prepared food), increased vector control (by
insecticides), and vaccinations against Meningococcal meningitis (MCM).
Discussant: Cheikh Fall (Consultant)
Dr. Fall noted that climate change combined with other factors will increase global morbidity
load which will in turn affects socioeconomic development. Climate change will result in
changes in rainfall patterns, most likely resulting in floods in most parts of Senegal. He reminded
the participants of the floods in Louga and Matamm in 2002 that caused 31 deaths, economic
losses, loss of livestock and some suicide cases. Relating this to health he said that whenever
there were floods, the incidence of malaria and diarrhoea increased immediately. The presenter
highlighted malaria since it was the single biggest cause of death in Senegal. Sources of
vulnerability to climate change include malnutrition especially in children and older persons
above 60. Adaptive technologies such as the increasing tap-fitted locally made containers
sleeping under mosquito nets needed to be encouraged. There was also the need for governmentlocal community partnerships since that is where adaptation was going to begin.
General discussions
Participants expressed the need to involve urban planners and architects in the climate change
debate. Engagement of these two groups could lead to the development of dwellings that were
habitable, which in turn could encourage more people to stay indoors and sleep under mosquito
nets. Participants suggested improving collaboration between various institutions especially
those dealing with health and environmental issues. There were suggestions that since the
ecozones of Senegal will be impacted by climate change differently it was important to develop
strategies to suite the different localities. These strategies should cover key health institutions
and personnel to develop their capacities to deal with climate change related issues now.
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Session 5: Climate Change and Coastal Zone
Presenter: Isabelle Niang (UNESCO/BREDA)
The presentation examined sea level over geological time, emphasising that the rate of current
sea level rise is unprecedented. Prof. Niang also discussed a number of factors that left coastal
areas vulnerable, including degradation of mangroves, coastal erosion and pressure from
settlements. Adaptation measures that were put forth included developing an Integrated Coastal
Zone Management (ICZM) framework for integrating short-term and long-term planning,
strengthening or creating observation networks, improving governance for coastal planning, and
developing practices for integrated coastal zone management that reduce pressures from
unplanned development. The need to sensitize and educate policy makers as well as the general
populace was viewed as critically important.
Relating the findings of the IPCC to Senegal, Prof. Niang directed the attention of participants to
erosion in some areas of Senegal such as St. Louis. With about 50% of population living along
the coast the impacts of climate change on the coastal zone is real for most people. She
highlighted instances where some coastal residents had lost their homes and their means of
livelihood as a result of erosion and sea level rise. She stressed the need for greater
understanding of socio-economic impacts such migration, economic losses, health problems.
Some major issues that needed to be addressed included the increased use of coastal areas for
human settlements, the lack of adaptive capacity, funding for programmes, poor governance and
settlement patterns. The presenter concluded by listing responses and adaptation measures.
General discussions
The discussion dwelt on the inability of authorities to deal with the recurrent problems facing the
coastal zone of Senegal. The general consensus was that there was the need for decision makers
to have access to research carried out by consultants. Existing strategies such as the National
Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), bills in parliament needed to be completed and
implemented. The discussions also highlighted the need to change the way coastal resources
were exploited.
Session 6: Discussion on water, agriculture, and health, reflecting on the 3 presentations and with a focus on Gender Presenter: Fatou Sarr (IFAN/UCAD)
Introducing her presentation, Ms Sarr stated that gender is science but feminism is an ideology.
She went on to explain that gender is firstly a concept, an abstract concept for most people. It is
also a tool for scientific analysis and for social change. According to Ms Sarr, science is also a
social construct and socialisation can have impact on biology. Since men and women
experienced the impacts of climate change differently climate change response and mitigative
measures needed to be gender sensitive.
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General discussion
There was a lot of debate on the definition of gender and whether gender was relevant to the
climate change debate. The conclusion was that there the need to mainstream gender in national
policies. Since there was very limited information on the linkages of gender and climate change
in was difficult for politicians to make the necessary impact. Finally participants observed that
climate change could be an opportunity for women to change their status quo. Since women and
children were the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; they should participate
effectively in climate processes.
Session 7: Ecosystems – Terrestrial and Biodiversity Presenter : Pius Yanda (Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam)
Prof Yanda focused on evidence that proved that Africa was one of the richest continents in
terms of biodiversity. However, already these resources are being threatened by human activities.
He stated that climate change will have a number of impacts on biodiversity at the ecosystem,
land and species levels. For example recent studies indicated that climate change already affected
biodiversity in terms of changes in species distribution, changes in species behavior and species
range shifts. According to the IPCC, temperature increase will further trigger substantial changes
in ecosystems. However, the impacts of climate change on biodiversity will vary from region to
region. Citing responses to climate change Prof Yanda noted that species and ecosystems already
under stress from environmental degradation and human development are likely to be the most
vulnerable to climate changes.
Discussant: Nalla MBAYE (UCAD – Département Biologie Végétale)
The discussant’s noted that Senegal’s biodiversity like many other countries in Africa is facing
degradation. This was as a result of drought in some areas and the lack of effective management
plans. For example, images of the forested surface area in Senegal shows a reduction of 80,000
hectares per year. Senegal has many unique ecosystems with unique plant and animal species.
Apart from the cultural dependence on forests in Senegal, they were also a source of fibre,
medicine and food. He concluded by stating that in order to halt the adverse impacts existing
laws will have to be enforced.
General discussions
Participants were of the view that there are many gaps in the quality and quantity of scientific
data available. The issue of the lack of co-ordination between the various services in charge of
biodiversity also came up. Whilst there was no question as to the need to take practical steps to
cub the recent loss of biodiversity in Senegal, the discussion dwelt on how this should be done,
the extent on human intervention and the source of funding to undertake such activities.
Participants called on the government to give more vibrancy to sector wide research and
encourage knowledge sharing throughout Africa.
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Session 8 Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)
Presenter: Daniel Gwary (University of Maidugury)
The presenter described human impacts especially on the biomes in Africa, highlighting forest
ecosystems. He said in many countries logging was a sensitive issue that was a source of foreign
exchange for many countries in Africa. The presenter went on to provide an overview of key
drivers of land-use change, and biodiversity and ecosystem services loss and how these would be
affected by climate change.
Discussant : Libasse Ba (ENDA Energie)
In his speech the discussant mentioned that Senegal has 19 million hectares of forest with 1/3
registered. Over the years however there has been a reduction in the size of forests and in plant
species. Some of the causes include overgrazing, strong relation between population and natural
resources, progressive drop in precipitations, lack of institutional control and changes on land
use.
General discussion
Some participants disputed the figures that had been out by the FAO and the other organizations
as forest cover in Senegal. However there was still the need to create strict binding laws for
forest management. In doing this local governance systems needed to be acknowledged. Again
the need for behaviour change and implementation of mandatory laws that prevented the
indiscriminate felling of trees and degradation of land was discussed. The general discussions
also tackled the importance of reforestation and of the Great Green Wall initiative which could
help restore lands and forests. It was the general consensus that opportunities under REDD and
CDM needed to be exploited. Libasse explain at the end the concept of RED and its evolution
and implications trough climate negotiations.
Session 9: Urban areas
Discussant: Boubacar Fall (ENDA Energie)
According to Mr. Fall, rural-urban drift contributes to the proliferation of densely populated
areas especially along the coast. Such areas are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
However climate change was not the main cause of stress but interacted with other factors to
create difficult living conditions. High urban density, poor sanitation and lack of infrastructure
and of zoned planning all increased the vulnerability of urban areas to climate change. He
provided information about the perennial floods especially along coastal areas, which create
emergency situations. At the national level more than 60% of residents in Dakar were affected by
floods, having serious socio economic implications. Responses should include effective relief
plans and early warning systems, adaptation measures which are not just reactive.
General discussion
There was a lot of debate on the effectiveness of the current urban development plans in helping
residents to combat climate change. There was the need for consultation with local communities
when developing such strategies. Proper mapping of low lying areas could also discourage the
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habitation of illegal and flood prone areas. Participants were of the view that the government’s
response of pumping flood waters out of flooded communities was not a solution. However the
government needed to invest in early warning systems. There was also the need for drains to get
water to flow out. A well-organized relief exercise was important to alleviate the suffering of
those living in affected areas.
Roundtable discussion
The third day began with a final discussion on key issues, which was to be part of dialogue
strategy between scientists and policy makers. The aim of the dialogue was further highlighted
which was to bring scientists and policy makers together and also to make sure that the results of
the IPCC do not remain among a few privileged groups but available to all and influence
decision. The general consensus was that Senegal’s National Climate Change Committee needed
to be equipped to tackle the issues of climate change impacts and adaptation. Scientists who
participated in IPCC, especially Senegalese scientists needed to be commended.
Other main points that emerged from the discussions are:
1. Bottom-up approach to fighting climate change: Regarding climate change, initiatives
have to start at the local level. Locally elected people and politicians needed to be
targeted and engaged in the climate change discussions.
2. Taking regional initiatives into consideration in developing local climate change plans:
There was a lot of work being done at the regional level, especially with ECOWAS and
NEPAD. Since climate impacts have no boundaries, collaboration at the regional level
needed to be encouraged to draw effective adaptation plans.
3. Strategies to put in place to strengthen the science-policy dialogue: There was the need
to close the gap between decision makers and scientists. It was important that they saw
themselves as partners. This is because decision makers cannot take decisions on issues
like climate change without the input of scientists; whilst scientists needed the politicians
to carry their concerns across. There is also the need to strengthen the framework already
in place in Senegal to combat the impacts to climate change.
4. Data availability: Making data accessible to the general populace—politicians, scientists,
farmers and teachers— was viewed as very important.
Further details of the round table decision can be found in Annex 1.
The contribution of Senegal’s science-policy dialogue to planning on
climate change
The science-policy dialogue presented policy makers, scientists, the media and other
stakeholders the opportunity to have in-depth understanding of the IPCC AR4. It also provided a
platform individual thoughts and actions in the efforts at adapting to impacts of climate change
could be compared. The workshop revealed the limited understanding of climate change amongst
key stakeholders, the general lack of communication tools, for explaining climate change to the
general populace. Issues of the limited empirical experiences and data for policy makers to draw
on also stood out. Hence, there is a strong need to develop the technical capacity of
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intermediaries such as the NCCC, which could play a greater role at strengthening interactions
between science and policy on climate change.
A consistent theme that ran throughout the science-policy dialogue involved the need to improve
the capacity of policymakers to debate climate change issues both in and out of Parliament. The
policymakers who were present at the dialogue contended that climate change education should
begin even before they assumed political offices; indeed, there was consensus that climate
change education should begin in primary school and continue through secondary and tertiary
education. Also, the policymakers noted that in order to create more consistent interaction
between researchers and policymakers, researchers must regularly lobby the governance process
on climate change issues.
Although the primary audiences of the science-policy dialogues are researchers, policy makers
and implementers, the key messages should also be made available to Ministries, civil society,
private sector, the media, traditional authorities, and opinion leaders. Participants were
unanimous on the need to engage and harness key stakeholders at multiple levels in order to
develop and implement appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures. Success in achieving
this goal is predicated on the ability to disseminate key messages, such as those from the
dialogue, packaged in a form that is not only easily understood by all stakeholders but that is also
action-oriented. The following outlets were identified as veritable means of reaching out to a
wider audience:
 Electronic and Print Media- radio (private, community, public), Television, Newspapers
 Policy briefs, fact sheets, posters
 Training programs, workshops, seminars, and conferences
 Press releases and press conferences
 Internet (such as through a blog)
In conclusion, participants assessed the Senegal science policy dialogue as being timely,
informative and rewarding. The reiterated the need for such dialogues in order for politicians to
develop action oriented policies. Policy makers need to be armed with information to be able to
arm them to make the changes. Include local government dimension. In short, decision makers
should start when the scientists stop.
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Annex 1: Summary of Round Table Discussions in French By Boubacar FALL (ENDA)
Troisième Jour: Discussion en pleinière sur les stratégies à mettre en place pour mieux
prendre en compte les changements climatiques dans le contexte du Sénégal
Résumé des discussions
Présidée par Isabelle NIANG, la séance du troisième jour a débuté par une introduction de Jean
Philippe Thomas coordonnateur du Programme Energie de ENDA TM qui a rappelé que
l’objectif principal de cette séance était de discuter sur les stratégies à mettre en place pour
mieux prendre en compte les changements climatiques dans le contexte du Sénégal. Des
différents échanges entre participants, plusieurs aspects peuvent être retenus :
- Mettre en place un cadre d’échange et de dialogue réunissant tous les acteurs qui
interviennent dans le domaine des changements climatiques. A ce sujet, un
renforcement du Comité National Changement Climatique (COMNAC) du Sénégal
déjà fonctionnel et réunissant l’ensemble des acteurs (institutionnels, privés et société
civile) a été proposé. Ce renforcement passerait par la décentralisation du COMNAC
en comités régionaux, départementaux et locaux afin de favoriser la participation des
communautés locales;
Mener une forte communication en partageant davantage les documents nationaux
tels que le PANA et la communication nationale et en traduisant certains concepts
clés du changement climatique dans les langues nationales pour mieux les expliquer
aux populations; améliorer l’information pour permettre un partage à tous les
niveaux; porter les résultats aux niveaux national et international ;
- Aller au delà des simples recommandations des ateliers et des séminaires et réfléchir
sur la possibilité de mettre en place des textes de lois sur les changements
climatiques. A ce sujet, les participants ont reconnu la difficulté et le temps qu’il faut
pour la mise en place de ces textes, mais des opportunités sont offertes par ailleurs
dans la révision de certains codes comme le code de l’environnement, le code de
l’urbanisme, le code de la pêche..... pour commencer à intégrer l’adaptation dans la
programmation des politiques de développement.;
- Eviter les raccourcis qui pourraient favoriser la maladaptation en mettant l’accent sur
l’observation et la recherche. A ce sujet, des propositions sur la mise en place de
structures de recherche sur les questions des changements climatiques ont été faites.
Une proposition sur l’utilisation des ressources allouées à l’adaptation pour financer
la recherche à l’université a été également faite;
- Mener un dialogue continue entre les différents acteurs;
- Valoriser le savoir local et le combiner avec l’information scientifique;
- Renforcer les capacités des journalistes par des outils appropriés pour une meilleure
diffusion de l’information sur les changements climatiques.
13
Annex 2: List of participants and institutional affiliations
SENEGAL NATIONAL SCIENCE-POLICY DIALOGUE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
12 - 14 APRIL 2010
HOTEL LE NDIAMBOUR DAKAR SENEGAL
In support of the project ‘Understanding the Findings of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2007 – Integrating
Climate Change Adoption and Mitigation in Development Planning’
Sponsored by START, ENDA and UNIVERSITY OF GHANA in partnership with the WMO, IPCC, UNEP and the European
Commission
List of Participants
N° Country Name
Profession
Organization
Address
1
Nigeria
Dr. Daniel Gwary
Associate Professor
University of Maiduguri
2
Kenya
Dr. Andrew K. Githeko
Chief Research Officer
Head: Climate and Human
Health Research Unit
Department of Crop protection
University of Maiduguri
PMB 1069, Maiduguri
Mobile Phone +234 803 690 5775
[email protected]/
[email protected]
Centre for Global Health Research
Kenya Medical Research Institute
P. O. Box 1578-40100 Kisumu
Busia Road KIsian Campus
Email 2 [email protected]
Email 3 [email protected]
Tel:+254 722 849382
N° Country Name
Profession
Organization
Address
3
Ghana
Dr. Elaine T. Lawson
Chercheuse
Centre for Social Policy
Studies (CSPS)
P. O. Box 72 University of Ghana, Legon
4
5
Senegal
Senegal
Dr Isabelle NIANG
Dr Mamadou Khouma
Maître de Conférences
Ingénieur Agronome
UNESCO
6
7
Senegal
Senegal
Dr Cheikh FALL
Dr Fatou SARR
ISED/UCAD
Université Cheikh Anta
DIOP de Dakar
8
Senegal
Dr Jean-Philippe
THOMAS
Consultant
Directrice du
Laboratoire Genre de
l’Institut Fondamental
d’Afrique Noire (IFAN)
Coordonnateur de
Programme
9
Senegal
Dr Boubacar FALL
Chercheur
10
Senegal
Aby Dramé
Chercheur
11
Senegal
Libasse BA
Chercheur
Programme Energie,
Environnement,
Développement de ENDA
TM
Programme Energie,
Environnement,
TM
Programme Energie,
Environnement,
TM
Programme Energie,
Environnement,
TM
B.P. 50037 Dakar, R.P. Senegal Tel
bureau : (221) 33 8559591 Cellulaire :
(221) 77 632 13 88
[email protected]
[email protected]
IFAN/UCAD Email: [email protected]
54, rue Carnot BP 33 70 Dakar Tél.: 33
8222496/33 822 5983 Fax: 33 821 7595
Email: [email protected]
8222496/33 822 5983 Fax: 33 821 7595
8222496/33 822 5983 Fax: 33 821 7595
15
N° Country Name
Profession
Organization
Address
12
Senegal
Dr Raymond MALOU
Maître de Conférences
[email protected]
13
Senegal
Aimé BOISSY
Amenagiste
Départementr de Géologie,
UCAD
Agence Nationale
Aménagement du territoire
14
Senegal
Ousmane BA
Député
15
USA
Hassan Virji
16
Senegal
Dr Ousmane DRAME
17
Senegal
Abdoulaye Sène
18
Senegal
Ousmane Sow
HUCHARD
Député à l'assemblée
Nationale
19
Senegal
Stéphane HALGAND
Conseiller, Chef de
Section ,
"Développement rural,
Société Civile,
Environnement"
20
Senegal
Awa Ndiaye
Assemblée Nationale
START
Maire de la Ville de
Nioro du rip, president
charge de
l`Environnement et
developpement durable
Député à l'assemblée
Nationale et Président de
commission
Point focal Commission
Environnement et
Développement,
Commission du
Développement et de
l'Aménagement du
Territoire
Commission du
Développement et de
l'Aménagement du
Territoire
Délégation de l'Union
Européenne au Sénégal
WWF
BP 3838 Dakar téléphone: 33 822 24 66 cell 77 514 49 58 / email:
[email protected]
BP6900 Dakar Tél: 301020252 Mobile:
77656 15 59 fax:
338239402Email:[email protected]
2000 Florida AV NW Washingtown DC
USA 2009
00221778195834\ 221776334207
Tel: (+221) 33 8 Fax: (+221) 33 823 68 8
Tel: (+221) 33 869 37 12 Fax: (+221) 77
652 96 83 [email protected]
16
N° Country Name
Profession
Organization
Address
21
22
Senegal
Senegal
Thierno Bal SECK
Ibrahima HAMA
Chargé de programme
Chargé de recherche
Enda LEAD
PRONAT
54, rue Carnot BP 33 70 Dakar
54, rue Carnot BP 33 70
Dakar:[email protected]
23
Senegal
Cherif El Waly DIOP
Député
Député/[email protected]
24
Senegal
Souleymane NDIAYE
Consultant
Nature ARC EN CIEL
25
Senegal
Innocent BUTARE
Senior programme
specialist
IDRC - Dakar
[email protected]
[email protected]
Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Tél:
33 8640000 Email: [email protected]
26
Senegal
Mamadou DIONE
27
Senegal
Mbaye DIAGNE
AménagisteGéographe/AménagisteGéographe
Président COMNAC
Ministère de la
Décentralisation et des
Collectivités Locales
Comité national CC
28
Senegal
Ousmane DRAME
29
South
Africa
Roland E. Schulze
Environnement et
Développement Durable
Professor Emeritus of
Hydrology & Senior
Research Associate,
Association des Elus
locaux
School of Bioresources
Engineering &
Environmental Hydrology
30
Tanzanie
Pius Z. Yanda (PhD)
Research Professor and
Director
Institute of Resource
Assessment
31
32
Senegal
Senegal
Mame N'Déné LÔ
Seyni SALL
Conseiller Technique
Chargé de Programme
Ministère de l'Agriculture
ARED
33
34
35
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Elimane BA
Frank GUZZARDO
Abdoulaye SARR
Conseiller Technique
Corps de la Paix
Head climate
DEEC
ANAMS
Bur: (+221) 33 869 47 00 port: (221) 77
556 22 12 [email protected]
Liberté 6 extention n° 53 rue 24 Tél: 77
6387792
Elus locaux Tél: 776330207
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private
Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 South
Africa, Tel:+27-33-2605489; Fax:+2733-2605818; E-mail:
[email protected]
University of Dar Es Salaam
P.O. BOX 35097 Dar Es Salaam
Tanzania
Tél: 77 5427952
Email:[email protected]
Tél: 775389014
Tél: 77 752 87 19
Tél: 775724432
17
N° Country Name
Profession
36
Senegal
Mamadou MBODJI
departement
ASAN
37
38
Senegal
Senegal
Falilou SECK
Amsatou NIANG
Chargé de Programme
DEFCSS
39
Senegal
Ndéye Fatou Diaw
GUENE
Chargée de programme
40
Senegal
Babacar DIOUF
41
42
43
44
45
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Alioune DIALLO
Amadou M. DIEYE
Dr Nalla Mbaye
Ndiawar WADE
Dr Ndiaye Aminata
Directeur au Ministère
du Plan
Directeur Technique
Enseignant chercheur
Député
Maitre de conférence
46
Senegal
Fatou Diouf DIOP
47
48
49
50
51
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
André BIHIBINDI
Ibrahima THOMAS
Dr Cheikh MBOW
Adrien Faye
Ousmane GNING
52
53
54
Senegal
Senegal
Senegal
Oumar Balde
Amadou GAYE
Ndèye Gaye CISSE
Chef de division
Politique économique et
sociale
REPAO
Chercheur
Enseignant Chercheur
Ingénieur électricien
Economiste
environnementaliste
Ingénieu Forestier
Enseignant Chercheur
Député
Organization
Address
Association Sénégalaise
des Amis de la Nature
PLAN Senegal
Ministére de
l'Environnement
Direction de
l’Environnement et des
Etablissements Classés/
DEEC/MEPNBRLA
DPN/DGP/MEF
Tel: 77 5366025
Tél: 77 6346830
Ambassade des Pays Bas
Centre de suivi Ecologique
UCAD/FST/BV
Géographie,
UCAD/FLSH/GEO
UCSPE/MEF
[email protected]
Email:nmbaye@ucad
ENDA REPAO
ISRA
ISE-UCAD
DER/ME
ENDA
[email protected]
[email protected]
SINEPAD/ENV
LPAOSF/UCAD
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
18
N° Country Name
Profession
Organization
Address
55
Senegal
Senegal
Centre de suivi Ecologique
CSE
PNUD
[email protected]
56
Administrateur de
programme
Dr Jacques André
NDIONE
Nicholas DRUNET
[email protected]
19

Senegal Final Report - Global Change System for

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