Electronic Supplementary Information Tuning the conductivity type in
Transcription
Electronic Supplementary Information Tuning the conductivity type in
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Electronic Supplementary Information Tuning the conductivity type in a room temperature magnetic oxide: Ni-doped Ga0.6Fe1.4O3 thin films A. Demchenko,a Y. Chang,b E. Chikoidze,b B. Berini,b C. Lefèvre,a F. Roulland,a C. Ulhaq-Bouillet,a G. Versini,a S. Barre,a C. Leuvrey,a V. Favre-Nicolin,c,d N. Boudet,c,e Spyridon Zafeiratos,f Yves Dumontb and N. Viart a,* Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg and Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg - CNRS UMR 7504, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France b. Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMaC), Université de Versailles St Quentin en Y. – CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay,45 avenue des Etats Unis, 78035 Versailles, France c. Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France d. CEA, INAC-SP2M, 38000 Grenoble, France e. CNRS - Institut Néel, 38042 Grenoble, France a. f. Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France * corresponding author : [email protected] Table 1: Compositions of the Ni-doped films determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Expected Ni content (%) 0.5 2 5 Fe Ga Ni (%) (%) (%) 72.7 ± 1.3 26.6 ± 0.8 0.7 ± 0.1 71.6 ± 1.6 26.1 ± 0.6 2.3 ± 0.1 68.9 ± 1.2 26.8 ± 1.0 4.3 ± 0.2 Magnetization (emu/cm3) H=50 Oe 40 GFO:Ni 2% 30 GFO:Ni 5% GFO:Ni 0.5% 20 undoped GFO 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 Temperature (K) Fig. 1: Field-cooled magnetization curves of the doped and undoped GFO thin films, measured in a 50 Oe magnetic field applied parallel to the films Magnetization (emu/cm3) 100 50 0 100 50 -50 0 -50 -100 -100 -2000 -50000 -1000 0 0 1000 2000 50000 Magnetic field (Oe) Magnetization (emu/cm3) (a) 100 50 0 100 50 -50 0 -50 -100 -100 -2000 -50000 -1000 0 0 1000 2000 50000 Magnetic Field (Oe) Magnetization (emu/cm3) (b) 100 50 0 100 50 -50 0 -50 -100 -100 -2000 -50000 0 -1000 0 1000 2000 50000 Magnetic Field (Oe) (c) Fig. 2: Hysteresis curves of the Ni- (a) 0.5%, (b) 2%, and (c) 5% doped GFO thin films, measured at 300 K in parallel (black filled squares) and perpendicular (red hollow squares). XPS Survey scan Al K 1486,6 eV Ga 2p 2.5x105 O KLL 1s O Ni LM M 1.0x105 Ga LMM C 1s 5.0x104 0.0 1200 1000 800 600 400 Ga Ga 3s 3p Ga 3d Ni 2p 1.5x105 L Fe MM 2p 2.0x105 Fe Intensity (counts per second) 3.0x105 200 0 Binding Energy (eV) Fig. 3: XPS survey scan spectrum of the 5% Ni-doped sample.