Immunology in a Day Stages of an Immune Response

Immunology in a Day
Kip Conwell
Arizona State University
Center for Infectious Diseases and
Vaccinology
Immune Response Theory
Immunobiology: Janeway 2005
Stages of an Immune Response
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Recognition
Activation
Proliferation
Defeat of Antigen
Down-regulation of Response
Memory
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Stages of Immune Response
Branches of the immune system
• Innate Immune System
• Adaptive/Specific Immune System
Players of the Immune System
• Skin (innate)
• Macrophages (innate)
• Dendritic Cells (innate)
• T-cells (Adaptive/Specific)
• B-cells (Adaptive/Specific)
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Antigen Presenting Cells
Immunobiology: Janeway 2005
Gamefields of Immune System
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Outer surfaces of body
Outside cells
Inside cells
Within the Lymphatic system
Within the Circulatory system
Innate Immune System
• Barriers
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Skin
Mucous Membranes
Cilia
Stomach Acids
• Cells
– Macrophages
– Dendritic Cells
– Natural Killer Cells
• Proteins
– Complement
– Histamines
– Interferons
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Adaptive/Specific Immune
System
• Cellular (T cell mediated)
• Humoral (B cell Mediated)
Adaptive Activation
• Cellular T cell
• Humoral B cell
– Viral Recognition by
Macrophage
– Bacterial recognition by naïve
B cell
– Presentation to T helper 1
– Cytokines induce
proliferation of Cytotoxic T
cells
– Defeat of Antigen
– Downregulation of response
by T supressor cells
– Memory T cells
– Presentation to T helper 2
– Cytokines induce proliferation
of B cells to make antibodies
– Defeat of Antigen
– Downregulation of response
– Memory B cells
Celluar v.s. Humoral Activation
Immunobiology: Janeway 2005
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Effector Roles of Antibodies
Figure 9-1 part 2 of 2
T cells are a lot like B cells
• Part of Adaptive Immune
System
• Antigen Specific
• Proliferate rapidly during
an immune response
• Develop into Memory
Cells
• Come from the Bone
Marrow
• Part of Adaptive Immune
System
• Antigen Specific
• Proliferate rapidly during
an immune response
• Develop into Memory
Cells
• Come from the Bone
Marrow
T cells are different than B cells
• Less specific toward
antigens
• Activate Immune
Response
• Good at fighting
cancer
• Good at fighting
viruses
• Mature in thymus
• More specific toward
antigens
• Rely on T cells for
activation
• Secrete Antibodies
• Good at fighting bacteria
• Good at detoxifying the
blood and cells
• Mature in bone marrow
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Self v.s. Non-self
• Transplant rejection
• Blood Types
– A,B,O
– Rh factor
Abnormal Immune Function
Causes Disease
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Arthritis
Diabetes
Allergies
HIV/AIDS
Importance of Healthy Immune
System
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Figure A-13 part 1 of 2
Complement
• Specific- opsonization
• Nonspecific- antimicrobial perforin without
Ab involvement
Figure 2-35
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