Ikiganiro ku ipfobya n`ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Ikiganiro ku ipfobya n`ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA
National Commission for the Fight against Genocide
Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide
Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside
-CNLG-
Ikiganiro ku ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni imwe mu ngaruka za Jenoside igihugu
cyacu kigomba guhangana nayo, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose burimo no gukurikirana mu nkiko
zo mu Rwanda n’izo mu mahanga abarangwa n’iyo myifatire mibi.
Guhakana Jenoside, ni kimwe no gukora Jenoside kuko abahakana baba bifuza ko ukuri ku
mitegurire n’imigendekere ya Jenoside kutamenyekana, ahubwo bagakwirakwiza ibinyoma
bagamije guhisha uruhare rwabo muri Jenoside.
Muri iyi minsi ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside byafashe indi sura, kuko ikigamijwe atari
uguhakana no gupfobya gusa, ahubwo iyo myifatire iba igamije gusenya ibyo Leta yayihagaritse
yagezeho, no gutesha agaciro icyizere amahanga afitiye u Rwanda n’abayobozi bakuru
b’igihugu.
Leta y’u Rwanda yiyemeje kurwanya ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
nk’imyifatire ibangamiye imibereho myiza y’abanyarwanda, n’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge igihugu
kimaze kugeraho.
Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 04 Kamena 2003, nk’uko ryavuguruwe
kugeza ubu, mu Mahame Remezo, Ingingo ya 9, ihame rya mbere Leta y’u Rwanda igenderaho
ni kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibyo igaragariramo byose.
Iki kiganiro kiragagaza icyo ihakana n’ipfobya aricyo, uburyo byigaragaza, ikibiranga, ingero
z’uko amategeko y’amahanga ahana iyo myifatire n’ingamba iguhugu kigomba gufata mu
guhangana n’ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
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I. Uko amategeko y’u Rwanda asobanura ihakana n’ipfobya
Itegeko n° 84/2013 ryo kuwa 11/09/2013 ritanga ibisobanuro ku cyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya
Jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano nayo mu ngingo ya 5, 6, 7, na 11.
Mu ngingo ya 5 y’ryo tegeko, guhakana jenoside ni igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikozwe ku
bushake kandi mu ruhame kigamije:
1° kuvuga cyangwa kugaragaza ko jenoside atari jenoside;
2° kugoreka ukuri kuri jenoside kugira ngo uyobye rubanda;
3° kwemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside ebyiri;
4° kuvuga cyangwa kugaragaza ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itateguwe.
Na none mu ngingo ya 6 y’iryo tegeko, gupfobya jenoside ni imyitwarire iyo ari yo yose
igambiriwe kandi igaragajwe mu ruhame mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, igamije:
1° kugabanya uburemere cyangwa ingaruka ya jenoside;
2° koroshya uburyo jenoside yakozwemo.
Umuntu wese, ukora igikorwa kivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, aba akoze icyaha cyo gupfobya
jenoside.
Ingingo ya 7 y’iryo tegeko ivuga ko guha ishingiro jenoside ari igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose
gikozwe ku bushake kandi mu ruhame kigamije:
1° gushimagiza jenoside;
2° gushyigikira jenoside;
3° kwemeza ko jenoside yari ifite ishingiro.
Ingingo ya 11 y’ryo tegeko iteganya icyaha cyo guhohotera uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside
igasobanura ko ari kimwe mu byaha bigize ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Guhohotera uwacitse
ku icumu ni imyitwarire cyangwa igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikozwe ku bushake, kigamije
gutoteza, gutera ubwoba, gutesha agaciro, kwigamba, gushinyagurira, gutuka cyangwa kwangiza
umutungo w’umuntu bishingiye ko ari uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside.
Ingingo ya 135 y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana y’u Rwanda iteganya ihanwa ry’icyaha
cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n‟ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo harimo ifpbya n’ihakana
rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatautsi. Icyo cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5)
kugeza ku myaka icyenda (9) n‟ihazabu y‟amafaranga y‟u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana
(100.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).
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Ingingo ya 12 y’itegeko no 04/2011 ryo kuwa 21/03/2011 ryerekeye abinjira n’abasohoka mu
Rwanda iteganya ko umunyamahanga uhakana cyangwa upfobya Jenoside adahabwa viza
cyangwa uruhushya rwo kuba mu Rwanda.
II. Zimwe mu ngingo zikunze gukoreshwa n’abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi
Ihakana n’ipfobya bigaragarira mu bikorwa binyuranye:
II.1 Kuvuga ko Jenoside itabayeho
Bamwe mu bateguye bagashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntibemera ko Jenoside
yabayeho. Aba baratsemba bakemeza ko ibyabaye mu Rwanda atari Jenoside ahubwo
bakayishakira andi mazina. Bavuga ko nta mugambi wa Jenoside wigeze ubaho, ko habaye
ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko. Iyi mvugo yakoreshejwe cyane cyane n’abari ku isonga yo
gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi barimo colonel Théoneste
Bagosora wavugiye mur rukiko rwa Arusha ko muri 1994 mu Rwanda habaye ubwicanyi gusa
hagati y’abaturage, ko nta Jenoside yabayeho.
Guhakana ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itabayeho byakunze kugaragara cyane cyane imbere
y’Urukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha. Abaregwa bose ntibigeze
bemera ko habaye Jenoside, imbere y’urukiko; icyo baheragaho nk’inzitizi z’urubanza kwari
ukuvuga ko Jenoside itabayeho. Ibi byaje kuvanwaho n’icyemezo cy’urukiko rwa Arusha mu
bujurire cyo kuwa 16/6/2006, mu rubanza rwa Karemera, Ngirumpatse na Nzirorera. Urukiko
rwavuzeko hagati ya tariki ya 6/4 n’iya 17/7/1994 hakozwe Jenoside ikorerwa Abatutsi, ko iri
hame ridashobora na rimwe kugibwaho impaka haba mu rukiko ubwarwo ndetse n’ahandi.
II.2 Urwitwazo rw’ihanuka y’indege ya Habyarimana
Aha niho hava imvugo ishyigikira ko Jenoside yatewe n’ihanuka ry’indege ya Habyarimana
Juvenal, ko iyo indege iyo idahanuka nta Jenoside yari kuba. Aha birengagiza ko kwica Abatutsi
byatangiye muri 1959, ko ibikorwa bya Jenoside byatangiye guhera muri iyo myaka, ko Jenoside
ifite ibikorwa byayiteguye harimo kwica abatutsi mu bihe binyuranye. Ikindi ni uko abahanuye
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iyo ndege, ni ukuvuga Bagosora n’abo bari bafatanyije ari nabo bakoze Jenoside. Ibi
byerekanywe na raporo zinyuranye, harimo raporo ya Komisiyo y’u Rwanda yerekanye uruhare
rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu kwica HABYARIMANA no gutegura no gukora Jenoside
(bayita raporo Mutsinzi), ndetse na raporo y’abacamanza b’Abafaransa Marc Trévidic na
Nathalie POUX.
II.3 Kuvuga ko Jenoside yabayeho ariko ko impamvu zayiteye zumvikana
Abahakana bakoresha iyi mvugo nibo bavuga ko Jenoside yatewe n’intambara, bityo bakavuga
ko ibyabaye ari intambara imbere mu gihugu (guerre civile/civil war) ko atari Jenoside, kandi ko
impande zombi zifite uruhare mu byabaye, bavugako abantu bishwe ku mpande zombi. Aha niho
dusanga imvugo ikunze gukoreshwa n’abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside ivuga ko habaye
Jenoside ebyiri (double genocide). Aha birengagiza ko Jenoside ifite umwihariko wo kugira
umugambi wo kuyikora ugaragarira mu kuyitegura, binyuze muri gahunda zinyuranye harimo no
gushyiraho amategeko y’ivangura, gutoteza no kwica icyiciro cy’abantu runaka. Kuva Leta ya
Kayibanda yajyaho, hagiyeho politiki y’amacakubiri, kwica no kwangaza abatutsi. Hari
n’ibikorwa byo gutsemba abatutsi byabaye muri 1963 muri Gikongoro byiswe icyo gihe Jenoside
bigaragajwe
n’abanyamahanga
babaga
mu
Rwanda
barimo
umusuwisi
Denis-Gilles
VUILLEMIN wigishaga muri Groupe scolaire I Butare n’umushakashatsi w’Umubiligi witwa
Luc DE HEUSCH wari mu Rwanda. Itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga naryo ryagaragaje muri
mutarama na gashyantare 1964 ko mu Rwanda habereye Jenoside mu mpera za 1963.
Politiki y’urwango yarigishwije guhera ku mategeko 10 y’Abahutu ya GITERA Joseph
yakwirakwije abinyujije mu ishyaka rye rya APROSOMA muri 1958, disikuru nyinshyi za
Perezida Kayibanda zuzuyemo urwango rw’abatutsi, kwica uruhongohongo abatutsi no
kubangaza, kubuza gutaha mu Rwanda impunzi z’Abatutsi zahunze u Rwanda kubera ubwicanyi
bwo muri 1959, 1963, 1973; kubanyaga, n’ibindi bikorwa bibi byo kubambura ubumuntu no
kubatesha agaciro. Kuba hari abashobora kugwa mu ntambara ni ibintu bikunze kubaho, ariko
ntaho bihuriye n’umugambi wo gutsemba ubwoko nk’uko Leta ya Kayibanda, iya Habyarimana
n’iy’abiyise Abatabazi yabigenje.
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II.4 Gupfobya umubare w’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kandi bakunze gukeneka imibare nyayo
y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakayigira mike, bagamije kwerekana ko hapfuye
Abatutsi bake, ko umubare w’Abahutu bapfuye uruta uw’Abatutsi bishwe. Ubu buryo bwo
guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi buba bugamije gukingira ikibaba abakoze
Jenoside, abo bafatanyije mu kuyikora babatiza umurindi cyane cyane bimwe mu bihugu
by’amahanga byagize uruhare muri Jenoside, ndetse n’abandi basangiye nabo umurage
w’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.
III.
Ihakana n’ipfobya byigaragaza bite?
III.1 Itangazamakuru
Ihakana n’ipfobya bikunze kwigaragaza mu itangazamakuru ryo mu mahanga. Hari nka Pierre
Péan, umunyamakuru w‘umufaransa wemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside ebyiri ndetse we
akerekana ko Abatutsi aribo bizize. Ibi yarabyanditse mu gitabo cye cyasohotse mu mwaka wa
2005, (Noires fureurs, blancs menteurs. Rwanda, 1990-1994. Rwanda, 1990-1994). Hari
n’abandi banditsi nka Charles Onana, ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Cameroun n’ubufaransa akaba
akorana cyane na Pierre Péan, avuga mu gitabo cye (Les secrets du génocide rwandais) ko
Jenoside yatewe n’ihanuka ry’indege ya Habyarimana, anavuga ko Abatutsi ko aribo biyishe. Ibi
yarabiregewe muri 2002 na Leta y’U Rwanda mu gihugu cy’ubufaransa ariko ikirego
nticyakirwa kubera ubuzime.
Uyu ni umwe mu bakunze gushyira mu majwi abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda abashinja
ibinyoma bifitanye isano n’ibibazo biri muri Kongo aho avuga ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zishe
abahutu muri Kongo na miliyoni esheshatu z’Abanyekongo.
Ihakana n’ipfobya turisanga kandi mu nyandiko zinyuranye z’umunyamakuru witwa Robin
Philpot (uvukuna na John Philpot nawe uhakana Jenoside yakoreye abatutsi) ukomoka mu mujyi
wa Québec muri Canada wanditse igitabo cyitwa “Ca ne s’est pas passé comme ça à Kigali”,
avuga ko ibivugwa kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi atariko byagenze.
Hari Jane Corbin na bagenzi be kuri BBC bakoze film “Rwanda’s untold story” yakusanyije
abasanzwe bahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, atondekanya ingingo zikunze
gukoreshwa n’abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Iyi film nta gishya
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yerekanye uretse guha urubuga abasanzwe banga u Rwanda no gushinja ibinyoma ubuyobozi
bukuru bw’igihugu ko aribo bateje Jenoside.
Aha twavuga kandi by’umwihariko bamwe mu banyamakuru ba BBC Gahuzamiryango
bakomeje gukwirakwiza ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside babinyujije muri porogaramu yayo
y’ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi.
Hari na Sonia Rolley, umunyamakuru w’umufaransakazi ukorera Radiyo y’abafaransa RFI
inafite urubuga rwa internet umaze igihe acisha muri ibyo bitangazamakuru no ku rubuga rwa
twitter inkuru zibasira kandi zigasebya u Rwanda n’abayobozi barwo. Uyu Sonia Rolley
yirukanywe mu Rwanda muri 2006, bitewe n’imikorere ye idahwitse ndetse n’abo bakoranaga
icyo gihe, akaba ndetse yarirukanwe no mu gihugu cya Tchad avuye mu Rwanda.
III.2 Abanditsi n’abashakashatsi
Hari n’abanditsi n’abashakashatsi nka Filip Reyntjens, umwarimu w’umubirigi wabaye igihe
kirekire umujyanama wa Habyarimana Juvenal, wananditse itegeko nshinga ry’igihe cya
Habyarimana muri 1978, politiki y’ivangura yari ishingiyeho. Uyu mushakashatsi akoreshwa
n’urwango yerekana ko indege yahanuwe na FPR Inkotanyi.
Aha twanavuga Bernard Lugan, umufaransa nawe werekana ko igihugu cy’ubufaransa nta
ruhare cyagize muri Jenoside, nawe ashyigikira ko habaye jenoside ebyiri.
Hari n’abandi biyita abashakashatsi batanga imibare bishakiye y’abazize Jenoside bagamije
kwerekana ko hapfuye igice kinini cy’abahutu kurusha abatutsi bishwe. Aha twavuga nka Allan
Stam na Christian Davenport abarimu muri Kaminuza yo muri Amarika. Mu gupfobya
Jenoside no kuyihakana bavuga ko hapfuye Abatutsi 200,000 aho kuba 800,000. Iri pfobya
n’imibare y’abazize Jenoside ni ikintu gikunze gokoreshwa n’abahakana Jenoside y’Abayahudi,
aho bavuga ko abayahudi bapfuye bazize Jenoside batagera kuri 6,000,000 ko ari 200,000 gusa.
III.3 Impuguke mu mategeko
Guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside bikunze kugaragarira mu nyandiko n’amagambo ya bamwe mu
banyamategeko bagize uruhare mu kunganira abakoze Jenoside mu rukiko rwa Arusha.
Urugero ni Carl Peter Erlinder wabaye umwunganizi mu rukiko rwa Arusha, yaje gusohora
inyandiko nyinshi avuga ko nta mugambi wa Jenoside wabayeho, ko Jenoside itateguwe, kandi
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ko itanabayeho. Yirirwa atanga ibirego mu nkiko zinyuranye zo muri Amerika arega abayobozi
bakuru b’Igihugu, ariko izo nkiko ntizibihe ishingiro.
Carla Del Ponte, yabaye umushinjacyaha mukuru w’urukiko rwa Arusha, nawe ashimangira ko
habaye Jenoside ebyiri. Ibi ni nabyo uwari umuvugizi we Florence Hartmann, asubiramo mu
gitabo cye (Paix et châtiment). Abo bombi icyo bagamije ni ukwerekana ko FPR nayo yakoze
Jenoside, ibi bikaba nta kintu na kimwe bashingiraho babivuga uretse gupfobya no guhakana
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
John Philpot umunyamategeko wunganiye Jean-Paul Akayesu mu rukiko rwa Arusha. Kimwe
na Carla del Ponte, arangwa n’imvugo yo kuvuga ko habaye jenoside ebyiri.
Izi ni ingero nkeya twatangaga z’abapfobya cyangwa bahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
III.3 Ubutabera mpuzamahanga
Hari n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga bukoreshwa mu guhakana no gupfobya jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi, bwibasira abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu, buvana uruhare ku bakoze Jenoside
bakarushyira ku bayihagaritse. Ibi byakozwe n’ubutabera bw’ubufaransa n’ubwa Espagne
butanga impapuro zifata bamwe mu basirikari bakuru b’u Rwanda. Ibi byaje gukoreshwa mu
nyungu za politiki cyane cyane mu guhishira uruhare igihugu cy’Ubufaransa cyagize muri
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Ubutabera mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane urukiko rwa Arusha bwagiye bufata umurongo wo
guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi butagaragaza ko Jenoside yateguwe, ndetse
ntibwagize n’uwo buhamya umugambi wo gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Urukiko rwa
Arusha rwakunze gufata ibyemezo bidashingiye ku mategeko rwivuguruza ubwarwo, rugira
abere mu bujurire abo urugereko rwa mbere rwari rwakatiye burundu kubera Jenoside, cyangwa
rugabanya igihano nko mu rubanza rwa Bagosora, Zigiranyirazo, Mugenzi, Ndindiriyimana
n’abandi.
III.4 Umuryango w’Abibumbye
Kubera inyungu za politiki no guhishira uruhare umuryango w’abibumbye ndetse na bimwe mu
bihugu bigize akanama gashizwe amahoro ku isi, bakunze gukora raporo z’urudaca zigamije
kwerekana ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside ebyiri.
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Raporo za Loni zikorwa zigamije gushinja u Rwanda ibinyoma, nka “Mapping report”
yavugaga ko muri Congo habaye Jenoside nyamara ari ikinyoma gishingiye ku nyungu za
politiki z’abashaka guharabika isura y’u Rwanda n’ubuyobozi bwarwo. Hari n’abandi biyita
impuguke za Loni nka
Steve Hege usanzwe arengera umutwe wa FDLR, wakoze raporo
ayivugira, anayigira umwere ku byaha bya Jenoside yakoze muri 1994 n’ibindi byaha yakoreye
muri Kongo.
Hari n’imiryango ivuga ko irengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ariko ugasanga ibogamiye ku
bakoze Jenoside, ndetse no gukorana nabo. Iyi miryango niyo ikunze guharabika isura y’u
Rwanda ititaye ku bikorwa bya FDLR aho iba mu mashyamba yica, isahura, ifata abagore ku
ngufu. Aha twavuga nka HRW, Amnesty International zikunze gusohora raporo z’ibinyoma.
Iyo miryango iraceceka, nta raporo n’imwe igaragaza ibyo bikorwa bya FDLR, umuntu akaba
atashidikanya ko iyo miryango ifite izindi nyungu zidafite aho zihuriye no kurengera
ubureganzira bwa muntu.
III.5 Bamwe mu banyepolitiki b’Abafaransa
Hari abanyepolitiki bo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bakoranye na Leta yateguye igashyira mu
bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bene aba banyepolitiki ubasanga cyane cyane mu gihugu
cy’ubufaransa, kubera uruhare bagize mu gufata ibyemezo byatije umurindi abateguraga
Jenoside. Ku isonga hari uwahoze ari perezida w’Ubufaransa Francois Mitterrand, Alain
Juppe, Hubert Vedrine, Bernard DEBRE na Dominique de Villepin. Uretse gushimagiza
uruhare rw’ubufaransa mu Rwanda, banarangwa no kuvuga ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside
ebyiri. Kuri abo banyepoliki, umuntu yakongeraho abasirikari b’afaransa bari mu Rwanda mbere
n’igihe cya Jenoside, cyane cyane mucyo bise “operation Turquoise” bakoze ishyirahamwe
rirangwa n’ipfobya n’ihakana. Kuri bo Jenoside yatewe n’ihanuka ry’indege ya Habyarimana
bashinja FPR yahagaritse Jenoside. Impamvu nyamukuru ibatera guhakana Jenoside ni uko
bakoranye na Leta yateguye igakora Jenoside, ikaba yaratsinzwe ku rugamba kandi
bayishyigikiye. Ibi bigaragara cyane mu gitabo cy’uwitwa Jacques Hogard mu gitabo yise “Les
larmes de l’honneur : 60 jours dans la tourmente du Rwanda”.
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III.6 Abanyamadini n’imiryango ibashamikiyeho
Ikindi cyiciro cy’abahakana kigizwe n’abanyamadini, cyane cyane abo mu muryango
w’abapadiri Bera, nka Guy Theunis wagize uruhare mu itangazamakuru ryakwirakwizaga
urwango mbere ya Jenoside. Uwitwa Serge Desouter
mu gitabo yanditse “RWANDA LE
PROCÈS DU FPR”, ahakana Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi avuga ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
yatewe n’iyicwa ry’abahutu n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana.
Muri uwo murongo hari imwe mu miryango ikorana na FDLR, nka “S’OLIVAR Foundation”
n’ishyirahamwe INSHUTI zikusanya amafaranga ahabwa FDLR, kubatera inkunga yo kugura
intwaro no kubavuganira mu bihugu by’iburayi bagamije kubahanaguraho Jenoside.
III.7 Abanyarwanda bakoze Jenoside n’abandi bafashe umurage w’abakoze Jenoside.
Hari n’abanyarwanda mu byiciro bitandukanye, abakoze Jenoside, abafashe umurage w’abakoze
Jenoside, n’abandi bahunze igihugu kubera impamvu bita iza politiki.
Iki gice kigizwe n’abahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside n’urukiko rwa Arusha, bakwirakwije
inyandiko zihakana zikanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nka Ngirabatware Augustin
wanditse igitabo yise “RWANDA, Le faîte du mensonge et de l'injustice” na Nahimana
Ferdinand, wanditse, “Rwanda: les virages rates”, na “Rwanda. L’élite Hutu accusée”. Aba
bose ntibemera Jenoside n’uruhare Leta zayikoze zifite.
Hari n’abanyarwanda bafashe umurage w’abakoze Jenoside, ubu bakaba biyita ko ari
abanyepolitiki batavuga rumwe na Leta y’u Rwanda. Iki gice nicyo usangamo uwitwa
Twagiramungu Faustin, usigaye yareruye ko akorana na FDLR, Matata Joseph, Ndagijimana
Emmanuel, Rudakemwa Fortunatus, na Thomas Nahimana abapadiri bakwirakwiza urwango mu
kanyamakuru ka “Le prophète” bakoresheje internet. Aba bose ni agatsiko kagamije gusenya u
Rwanda rwose n’abanyarwanda bose bakoresheje bakoresheje ihakana n’ifobya no
gukwirakwiza ibinyoma ku byiza abanyarwanda bamaze kwigezaho.
Hari abanyarwanda bagizwe n’abari mu buyobozi bw’igihugu nyuma ya Jenoside, bishyize
hamwe mu ishyaka bise RNC. Aba bahunze igihugu kubera amakosa bahamijwe n’inkiko
nk’ubujura cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Kugira ngo bagire ingufu bifatanije
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na FDLR umutwe ugizwe n’abakoze Jenoside. KAYUMBA Nyamwasa, GAHIMA Gerard na
RUDASINGWA Théogène n’abandi bakorana nabo bakoresha imvugo isanzwe iranga
abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nko kuvuga ko indege ya Habyarimana
yahanuwe n’abasirikari ba RPA, kurengera interahamwe bagaragaza ko 10% b’Interahamwe
aribo bakoze Jenoside.
III.8 Ihakana ku rwego rw’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari
Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakomeje gukwirakwizwa mu bihugu bigize akarere k’ibiyaga
bigari na bamwe mu banyarwanda bahamwe n’icyaha cya Jenoside ndetse n’ababashyigikiye. Ibi
byakunze kugaragara cyane cyane mu itangazamakuru mu gihugu cya Repubulika iharanira
Demokarasi ya Kongo no muri Tanzaniya. Aha niho usanga bamwe mu banyekongo bavuga ko
habaye jenoside ebyiri. Abenshi mu babivuga ni nabo batanze amakuru atariyo mu gihe
hakorwaga “Mapping report”. Izo nyandiko z’urwango zirangwa n’imvugo ishishikariza kwanga
abatutsi no kubica.
Ahandi harangwa ihakana n’ipfobya rishingiye mu gukwirakwiza urwango ni mu gihugu cya
Tanzaniya. Aha twavuga umunyepolitiki ukomeye muri Tanzania akaba na Perezida w’ Ishyaka
Democratic Party (DP) Rév.Christopher Mtikila wigize umuhuza n’umuyobozi wa FDLR,
ukunze gusohora inyandiko zuzuyemo urwango rw’abatutsi.
IV.
Ingero z’amategeko ahana ihakana n’ipfobya mu mahanga
Icyaha cy’ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi ni icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko
mu mahanga.
Muri 1992 Loni yavuzeko kurwanya Abayahudi ari icyago kigomba kurwanwa hakoreshejwe
amategeko.
Muri 2005, Israel, America na Canada byasabye ko hafatwa umwanzuro ushyiraho umunsi wo
kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi.
Umuryango w’Umutekano n’Ubutwererane i Burayi (OSCE) muri 2005 wasabye ko ibihugu
biwugize bishyiraho amategeko arwanya abatoteza abayahudi.
Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburayi washyizeho uburyo bwo kohererezanya abapfobya Jenoside
yakorewe Abayahudi.
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Ni muri urwo rwego mu bihugu byinshi byo ku mugabane w’iburayi hashyizweho amategeko
ahana itotezwa ry’abayahudi, ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi.
Mu gihugu cya Austria, itegeko rihana ihakana n’ipfobya bya Holocaust riteganya igifungo
hagati yumwaka 1 n’imyaka 10, no kugera ku myaka 20 mu gihe icyo cyaha cyaba kibangamiye
bikabije umutekano w’abantu.
Mu gihugu cy’Ububirigi, itegeko rihana abahakana jenoside yakorewe abayahudi ryagiyeho muri
1995, ryavuguruwe muri 1999. Ingingo ya mbere ivuga ko umuntu wese ugerageza gusobanura
(justify), cyangwa akemeza (approve) Holocaust azahanishwa igifungo hagati y’iminsi 8
n’umwaka umwe, n’ihazabu hagati y’amafaranga y’amabirigi (euros) 26 na 1000.
Itegeko rihana ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi ryagiyeho muri 1986. Iri tegeko
rivugako icyaha cyo kurwanya Abayahudi ari icyaha cyibasira umuntu.
Mu gihugu cy’ubusuwisi, itegeko ntirivuga guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi, rivuga
icyaha cyo guhakana Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasira umuntu bihanwa n’amategeko.
Muri 1984, Urukiko rw’iburayi ruburanisha ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu ruvuga ko
“guhakana Jenoside ari uburyo bwo gushishikariza abantu kwanga abayahudi, bikaba
bibangamiye umudendezo w’abantu”.
V. Ingamba igihugu kigomba gufata mu guhangana n’ihakana n’ipfobya.
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Kumenyekanisha itegeko rihana ihakana n’ipfobya no kurwanya umuco wo kudahana,
kuyirinda (Prévention) binyuze mu bukangurambaga;
-
Gushyira ingufu mu gukurikirana abakoze Jenoside batari bashyikirizwa ubutabera no
gukurikirana bene izo manza hanze;
-
Gushyiraho amategeko ku rwego rw’akarere ahana ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi;
-
Kunoza imikoranire hagati y’ibihugu bigize imiryango yo mu karere mu guhanahana
amakuru ku guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi;
-
Gushishikariza ibindi bihugu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi;
-
Kwigisha urubyiruko amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugira go bashobore
kuyikumira.
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Gukora ubushakashatsi ku ihakana n’ipfobya no kubutangaza
-
Gukomeza gushimangira umutekano w’Igihugu
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Umusozo
Kurwanya ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni urugamba buri munyarwanda
wese agomba kurwana akoresheje ingufu zose afite, binyuze mu kunyomoza amakuru atariyo, no
gutangaza ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Jenoside yahagaritswe n’abanyarwanda, ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
naryo rigomba guhagarikwa n’Abanyarwanda.
P.O Box: 7035 Kigali – Hotline: 3560; E-mail: [email protected] – Web site:
www.cnlg.gov.rw
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