Table 1. Predicting reluctant and committed radicals

Table 1. Predicting reluctant and committed radicals in France
Independent
Variables
Model 1
Dependent
variable:
reluctant
radical
Subset: all
respondents
excluding
committed
radicals
N=2042
-4.487
.488***
.225
.937***
.492*
.236
.192
Model 2
Dependent
variable:
committed
radical
Subset: RPP
voters
N=261
Constant
Gender
Age (18-24)
Age (25-34)
Age (35-49)
Age (50-64)
Education
level (1)
Education
.403
level (2)
Education
-.122
level (3)
Education
-.088
level (4)
Unemployed
Extreme Right
.980***
Too Many
1.511***
Immigrants
CapPunish
.423**
EU
1.188***
Trust
-.709***
Globalisation
-.756***
Islam
Security
.492***
Note: *p<.10, **p<.05, ***p<.01
-2.987
-.048
1.040
.070
.067
.281
-.058
.184
.148
.148
-.564
1.326***
.579
.227
.384
.123
-.276
-1.033*
Explanation of independent variables:
Gender: 1=male 0=female
Age: reference category is 65+
Education level: 1=Sans diplôme, certificat d’études primaires, 2=Ancien brevet, BEPC, CAP, BEP,
3=BAC d'enseignement technique ou professionnel, BAC d'enseignement general, 4=BAC + 2 ou
niveau BAC + 2 (DUT, BTS, DEUG, Instituteurs ...), 5= Diplôme universitaire de l'enseignement
supérieur (2ème ou 3) (ref)
Unemployed: dummy variable for the employment condition of the interviewee, where 1=”Vous
êtes au chômage ou à la recherche d'un premier employ and 0=other
Extreme Right: dummy variable where 1=8-10 when asked to place on a 0-10 left-right scale
Too Many Immigrants: dummy variable where the sentence is “Il y a trop d'immigrés en France” and
1=Tout à fait d'accord, Plutôt d'accord and 0=Plutôt pas d'accord, Pas d'accord du tout
CapPunish: dummy variable where the sentence is “Il faudrait rétablir la peine de mort” and 1=Tout
à fait d'accord, Plutôt d'accord and 0=Plutôt pas d'accord, Pas d'accord du tout
EU: dummy variable where the sentence is “L'abandon de l'euro” and 1=Tout à fait d'accord, Plutôt
d'accord and 0=Plutôt pas d'accord, Pas d'accord du tout
Trust: dummy variable for the question “Avez-vous plutôt confiance ou plutôt pas confiance dans
L'Etat?” where 1=Plutôt confiance and 0=Plutôt pas confiance
Globalisation: dummy variable for the question “Pour un pays comme la France, la mondialisation
est-elle plutôt ...” where 1=Une chance, parce qu'elle lui ouvre des marchés à l'étranger et la pousse
à se moderniser, 0= Un danger, parce qu'elle menace ses entreprises et son modèle social (and
further 1= Ni l'un, ni l'autre)
Islam: dummy variable for the question “Pour chacun des mots suivants, dites-moi s'il évoque pour
vous quelque chose de très positif, d'assez positif, d'assez négatif ou de très négatif? Islam” where
1= très positif, assez positif and 0= assez negative, de très négatif
Security: dummy variable where the sentence is “On ne se sent en sécurité nulle part” and 1= Tout à
fait d'accord, Plutôt d'accord and 0=Plutôt pas d'accord, Pas d'accord du tout
Table 2. Predicting reluctant and committed radicals in the Netherlands
Independent
Variables
Model 1
Dependent
variable:
reluctant
radical
Subset: all
respondents
excluding
committed
radicals
N=1741
-3.807
.648***
-.139
.190
-.732*
-1.161***
1.173*
Model 2
Dependent
variable:
committed
radical
Subset: RPP
voters
N=170
Constant
Gender
Age (18-24)
Age (25-34)
Age (35-49)
Age (50-64)
Education
level (1)
Education
1.462***
level (2)
Education
1.332***
level (3)
Education
.721**
level (4)
NoWork
.968**
Extreme Right
.793***
Immigration
.872***
Taxes
.649***
TrustGov
-.713***
Retirement
-.906***
Note: *p<.10, **p<.05, ***p<.01
-3.387
-.099
1.260
1.634**
.989
1.114
2.816***
1.937**
1.629*
1.455*
-2.068*
1.093***
.857**
-.659*
-.800**
.366
Explanation of independent variables:
Gender: 1=male 0=female
Age group: reference category is 65+
Education level: 1=Elementary, 2=Lower vocational, 3=Secondary, 4=Middle level vocational/Higher
level secondary, 5=Higher level vocational/University (ref)
NoWork: dummy variable for socioeconomic status where 1=receiver of unemployment benefit, no
income, 0=other
Extreme Right: dummy variable where 1=8-10 when asked to place on a 0-10 left-right scale
Immigration: dummy variable where the sentence is “The immigration of Muslims should be
stopped” [“De komst van moslims naar Nederland moet volledig worden stopgezet”] and 1=Fully
agree, agree, 0=Fully disagree, disagree
Taxes: dummy variable where the sentence is “Taxes should be cut” [“De belastingen moeten
worden verlaagd, ook als dat ten koste gaat van het niveau van voorzieningen”] and 1=Fully agree,
agree, 0=Fully disagree, disagree
TrustGov: dummy variable for trust in government [“Ik noem u nu een aantal instellingen. Wilt u mij
voor de volgende instellingen zeggen of u daar heel erg veel, tamelijk veel, niet zo veel of helemaal
geen vertrouwen in hebt. Hoeveel vertrouwen hebt u in … de regering?”] where 1=Very much, fairly
much and 0=Not so much, no trust at all
Retirement: dummy variable where the sentence is “Retirement age should be at 67” [“De
pensioengerechtigde leeftijd moet worden verhoogd naar 67 jaar”] and 1=Fully agree, agree, 0=Fully
disagree, disagree
Table 3. Predicting reluctant and committed radicals in Finland
Independent
Variables
Constant
Gender
Age (18-24)
Age (25-34)
Age (35-49)
Age (50-64)
Education
level (1)
Education
level (2)
Unemployed
Extreme Right
Immigration
TrustParl
TrustEU
Referendum
Model 1
Dependent
variable:
reluctant
radical
Subset: all
respondents
excluding
committed
radicals
N=854
-2.271
.210
-1.096
-.354
.058
.404
.471
Model 2
Dependent
variable:
committed
radical
Subset: RPP
voters
N=168
-2.381
.548
1.904**
.638
.699
-.062
-.020
.052
.736*
-.082
-.853**
.317
-.061
-.883***
.641**
.000
1.170**
1.083***
-.365
-.269
1.041*
Note: *p<.10, **p<.05, ***p<.01
Explanation of independent variables:
Gender: 1=male 0=female
Age group: reference category is 65+
Education level: (Basic Education) 1=No formal education, primary education, 2=Lower secondary
education, still at school (primary or secondary), 3=Upper secondary (general) (ref)
Unemployed: dummy variable for respondent’s employment status where 1=unemployed and
0=other
Extreme Right: dummy variable where 1=8-10 when asked to place on a 0-10 left-right scale
Immigration: dummy variable for the question “To what extent did the following influence your
choice of candidate: Candidate’s views on immigration policy” where 1=Decisive factor in my choice,
rather a lot and 0=Somewhat, not at all
TrustParl: dummy variable for the question “On a scale of 0 to 10 (where 0 = don't trust at all, 10 =
completely trust), to what extent do you trust/mistrust: Parliament” where 1=5-10 and 0=0-4
TrustEU: dummy variable for the question “On a scale of 0 to 10 (where 0 = don't trust at all, 10 =
completely trust), to what extent do you trust/mistrust: European Union” where 1=5-10 and 0=0-4
Referendum: dummy variable where the sentence is “Important national issues should more often
be decided in a referendum” and 1=Strongly agree, agree and 0=Disagree, strongly disagree