Le problème du nom The name problem
Transcription
Le problème du nom The name problem
IfY_Wb9^_d[ MARQUES BRANDS a^h^W^a^i YZ XZiiZ egdkZcVcXZ! YZXZi]g^iV\Z!YZXZiZck^gdc" cZbZci¼! Zmea^fjZ EVja^cZ 7djiZ^aaZg# HjgaZXVh=ZgWdg^hi!8ZciYZ\gh Zi aZ 8ZcigZ YZ YZh^\c YZ H]Vc\]V^ ?V]lV VkV^Zci edjg b^hh^dc YÉVYVeiZg aZ XdcXZei YZ aVbVgfjZVjbVgX]dXX^YZciVa ZiYZXdcXZkd^gaZcdjkZVj eVX" `V\^c\# »AZaVcXZbZcigjhh^i| Vii^gZgaÉViiZci^dccdchZjaZbZci cVi^dcVaZZi^ciZgcVi^dcVaZ!bV^h \VaZbZci XZaaZ YZ bVgX]h VjigZh fjZ XZjm YZ aV WZVji Zi YZh VXXZhhd^gZh¼! XdchiViZ aZ Y^gZXiZjgYj8ZcigZ# 6jigZ e^dcc^Zg Yj bdjkZbZci YZ XdcXZeijVa^hVi^dc! YXg^i eVg NjVc Odc\aZ^! H]Vc\]V^ K^kZ# 8ZiiZ bVgfjZ! aV eajh VcX^ZccZ Yj \gdjeZ H]Vc\]V^ ?V]lV! Y^heVgjZ Yj bVgX] YjgVci eajh^Zjgh YXZcc^Zh! V djkZgi hdc egZb^Zg bV\Vh^c Vj a\Zc" YV^gZ »EZVXZ =diZa¼! egh YZ »H]Vc\]V^ 7jcY¼! V^ch^ fjZ eajh^Zjgh VjigZh# Jc ZmZbeaZ YÉVgX]^iZXijgZ XdbbZgX^VaZ! JC Zc_Zj \VaZbZci ZhhZci^Za YÉ^YZci^i!h^\c8ZciYZ\gh# AZ hZXiZjg YZ aV WZVji! ^ci^" bZbZcia^VjajmZ!ZhiXZgiV^" cZbZci bdiZjg YVch aZ YkZ" adeeZbZci YÉjcZ cdjkZaaZ XjaijgZ YZ bVgfjZ Zc 8]^cZ# 8dbbZ aZ hdja^\cZ Zc XdcXaj" h^dc EVja^cZ 7djiZ^aaZg! »aZh 8]^cd^h hÉad^\cZci eZj | eZj YZ aZjg ÆXjaijgZ YZ Xde^ZÇ Zi XdbbZcXZci | Vkd^g aV cdi^dc YZ WgVcY^c\ZiYZXdchigjXi^dc YÉjcZ ]^hid^gZ jc^fjZ Ydci aZ YZh^\chZgV^che^g¼# B[fheXbc[Zkdec <Wkj#_b\W_h[b[Y^e_nZ[ii_de]hWcc[iekYWhWYjh[iY^_de_iikhb¼[cXWbbW][5 <Wkj#_bjhWdiYh_h[b[decZ[iWcWhgk[5LbWZ_c_h:`khel_Y"fhi_Z[dj[j7cWdZW B_k"LF9h[Wj_l[:_h[YjehZ[BWXXhWdZ"W][dY[ifY_Wb_i[[d XhWdZdWc_d]" XWi[}I^Wd]^W_"[dYekhW][djb[icWhgk[ijhWd]h[iZWdiY[jj[le_[$ ®B¼_dj]hWj_edZ[bWbWd]k[Y^_de_i[Wkd_l[WkZ[b¼[cXWbbW][[jZ[bWYecckd_YWj_edZ[iYeicj_gk[iZ[l_[djZ[fbki[d fbki fefkbW_h[ [j Z[ ce_di [d ce_di f[hk[ Yecc[ kd i_]d[ Z[ gkWb_j fej[dj_[bb[c[dj ¹_d\h_[kh[º¯" i[bed LbWZ_c_h :`khel_Y$ ;dZ[i_]d"7cWdZWB_kf[di[gk[b[h[Yekhi}kd[iebkj_edX_[df[di[gk__dj]h[b[iYWhWYjh[iY^_de_if[kjZed# d[hkd[bed]k[khZ¼WlWdY[}Y[kngk_b¼WZefj[dj$9[jj[ijhWj]_[i[cXb[fbki\WY_b[}c[jjh[[d¶klh[fekhb[i cWhgk[iYbXh[i"Zk\W_jZ[bWYhZ_X_b_jgk¼[bb[iedjiki¼Wiikh[h[jZkYWhWYjh[Z_ij_dYj_\Z[b[khiYeZ[il_ik[bi #b[iYWhWYjh[iY^_de_id[i[hedjW_di_gk¼kdfbkigk_f[hc[jjhWkdb_[dfbkijhe_j[jfhe\edZWl[Yb[YedieccW# j[kh[jd[ic[hedjWkYkdZekj[gkWdj}b¼eh_]_d[ZkfheZk_j$B[icWhgk[ieYY_Z[djWb[iZe_l[dj`kij[l[_bb[h}Y[ gk[b[kheh_]_d[WffWhW_ii[YbW_h[c[djfWhb[X_W_iZ¼Wkjh[ibc[djiZ[b¼[cXWbbW][$ Kd[cWhgk[ek]Wcc[Z[Yeicj_gk[ieYY_Z[djWb[Ze_j#[bb[Y^Wd][hieddecfekheXj[d_h kd[c[_bb[kh[l_i_X_b_jikhb[cWhY^Y^_de_i5 ¹?b[ij_cfehjWdj"le_h[dY[iiW_h["Z¼WZefj[hkddecY^_de_igk_iedd[X_[d$B[iYedieccWj[khiY^_de_ifh\h[dj kj_b_i[h b[ dec Y^_de_i behigk¼_bi \edj h\h[dY[ } bW cWhgk[$ 9[bW \WY_b_j[ bW Yecckd_YWj_ed ikh bW cWhgk[ [j bW h[dZfbkiWYY[ii_Xb[$@¼W_fheYZ}kdf[j_jj[ij[jY^[hY^Z[i_d\ehcWj_ediikhZ[kncWhgk[iZ[Yeicj_gk[i _dj[hdWj_edWb[iB¼EhWb[j;ij[BWkZ[hikh8W_Zk"fh[c_[hcej[khZ[h[Y^[hY^[Y^_de_i$B[ihikbjWjiZ[Y[j[ij cedjh[djYbW_h[c[djgk[b[decY^_de_i[ijX_[dfbkikj_b_igk[b[deceh_]_dWbfWhb[iYedieccWj[khi$º le_hjWXb[WkY_#Z[iiekil[hi_edWd]bW_i[ Gk[biiedjb[ife_djiYbi}fh[dZh[[dYecfj["ekWkYedjhW_h[}l_j[h5 KdXeddecY^_de_i"fekhkd[cWhgk["Ze_jhfedZh[Wkngk[bgk[iYh_jh[iik_lWdji0 ' jh[\WY_b[}b_h[[jW]hWXb[}b¼eh[_bb[$ (h[Åj[hb[c[iiW][Z[cWhgk[Yehh[ifedZWdj$ ) jh[WZWfjWkcWhY^Y^_de_i"Zkfe_djZ[lk[Ykbjkh[b[jb_d]k_ij_gk[$ *fekle_h jh[Zfei$ + jh[X_[dWYY[fjfWhb[iYedieccWj[khiY_Xbi$ i^in d[ i]Z WgVcYÉh XjaijgZ VcY ]^hidgn#Æ9Zh^\c^hi]ZcjbWZg" dcZ eg^dg^in d[ adXVa WgVcYh l^h]^c\idg^Yi]ZbhZakZhd[i]Z Èadl"gVc\ZÉ^bV\Zd[i]Z^gegdY" jXih VcY id \d [gdb i]Z cdi^dc d[ ÈBVYZ ^c 8]^cVÉ id ÈBVYZ 7n 8]^cV#ÉÇ >iÉhVcVbW^i^djhZmZgX^hZ#ÆDjg X]VaaZc\Z^hidZchjgZi]Vii]^h hdjgXZ! i]^h ]Zg^iV\Z VcY i]^h Zck^gdcbZci ^h jcYZghiddY!Ç ZmeaV^ch7djiZ^aaZg# ;dg =ZgWdg^hi! 8ZciYZ\gh VcY i]Z H]Vc\]V^ ?V]lV YZh^\c XZciZg]VYi]ZiVh`d[VYVei^c\ i]Z WgVcYÉh XdcXZei id i]Z LZhiZgc bVg`Zi VcY id YZh^\c i]ZcZleVX`V\^c\#Æ I]ZaVjcX] hjXXZhh[jaan ViigVXiZY cdi dcan cVi^dcVa VcY ^ciZgcVi^dcVa Vi" iZci^dcWjiVahdi]ZViiZci^dcd[ bVg`Zihdi]Zgi]VcWZVjinVcY VXXZhhdg^Zh!Ç dWhZgkZh i]Z Y^" gZXidgd[i]ZXZciZg# 6cdi]Zge^dcZZgd[i]ZXdcXZe" '( 8;OED:8;7KJOC7= &,#(&') OK7DPED=B;?" :?H;9J;KH:K9;DJH;:; :;I?=D:K=HEKF;@7>M7 OK7DPED=B;?" :?H;9JEHE<J>;@7>M7 =HEKF¼I:;I?=D9;DJ;H ijVa^oVi^dc bdkZbZci! YZ" hXg^WZYWnOdc\aZ^!^hH]Vc\]V^ K^kZ# I]^h WgVcY! i]Z daYZhi d[ i]ZH]Vc\]V^?V]lV\gdjeVcY l]^X] ]VY Y^hVeeZVgZY [gdb i]Z bVg`Zi [dg hZkZgVa YZX" VYZh! deZcZY ^ih [^ghi hidgZ ^c i]Z aZ\ZcYVgn ;V^gbdci EZVXZ =diZa cZVg H]Vc\]V^ 7jcY! Vh lZaa Vh hZkZgVa di]Zg hidgZh# L^i]i]ZXdcXZeiWn8ZciYZ\gh! ^i^hVcZmVbeaZd[XdbbZgX^Va VgX]^iZXijgZ!VahdVcZhhZci^Va ^hhjZd[^YZci^in# I]Z WZVjin hZXidg! ^ci^bViZan a^c`ZY id ajmjgn! ^h XZgiV^can i]ZZc\^cZd[YZkZadebZcid[V cZlWgVcYXjaijgZ^c8]^cV#6h 7djiZ^aaZged^cihdji^cXdcXaj" h^dc!Æ I]Z8]^cZhZVgZiV`^c\V W^i d[ Y^hiVcXZ [gdb i]Z ÈXja" ijgZd[Xden^c\ÉVcYVgZWZ\^c" c^c\ id ]VkZ i]Z cdi^dc d[ WgVcY^c\VcYWj^aY^c\Vjc^fjZ hidgn!l]ZgZYZh^\cl^aaWZ^c" he^gZY#Ç By K.M. I^ekbZi_de]hWci9^_d[i[Y^WhWYj[hiX[ki[ZedfWYaW]_d]5I^ekbZoekh XhWdZ dWc[ X[ jhWdiYh_X[Z5 LbWZ_c_h :`khel_Y" fh[i_Z[dj WdZ 7cWdZW B_k" LF9h[Wj_l[:_h[Yjehe\BWX8hWdZ"WI^Wd]^W_#XWi[ZW][dYoif[Y_Wb_p[Z_d XhWdZdWc_d]"[dYekhW][i\eh[_]dXhWdZi_dj^_iZ_h[Yj_ed$ ¹?dj[]hWj_d]j^[9^_d[i[bWd]kW][edYeic[j_YifWYaW]_d]WdZ_dYecckd_YWj_edi_iX[Yec_d]_dYh[Wi_d]bofefkbWhWdZ b[iiWdZb[iif[hY[_l[ZWiWi_]de\fej[dj_Wbbo»_d\[h_eh¼gkWb_jo"ºWYYehZ_d]jeLbWZ_c_h:`khel_Y$ ?dZ[i_]d"7cWdZWB_kX[b_[l[ij^Wjh[Yekhi[jeWYWh[\kbboj^ek]^jekjiebkj_edj^Wj_dj[]hWj[i9^_d[i[Y^WhWYj[hiYWdfkj j^ei[m^eki[j^[cWij[fW^[WZ$J^[ijhWj[]oi[[ci[Wi_[hje_cfb[c[dj\eh\WcekiXhWdZi"X[YWki[e\j^[Yh[Z_X_b_jo j^[om[h[WXb[je[ijWXb_i^WdZe\j^[Z_ij_dYj_l[Y^WhWYj[he\j^[_hl_ikWbYeZ[i·9^_d[i[Y^WhWYj[him_bbj^kiedboX[W fbkiWbbem_d]WYbei[h"Z[[f[hYedd[Yj_edm_j^j^[Yedikc[hWdZm_bbdejfbWdjWdoi[[Zie\ZekXjWijej^[fheZkYj¼i eh_]_d$M[ij[hdXhWdZickij`kijX[YWh[\kbj^Wjj^[_heh_]_dWff[WhiYb[Whboj^hek]^ej^[hfWYaW]_d][b[c[dji$ I^ekbZWXhWdZehhWd][e\M[ij[hdYeic[j_YiY^Wd][_jidWc[je][jX[jj[h[nfeikh[edj^[ 9^_d[i[cWha[j5 ¹?j _i _cfehjWdj" [l[d d[Y[iiWho" je WZefj W 9^_d[i[ dWc[ j^Wj iekdZi ]eeZ$ 9^_d[i[ Yedikc[hi fh[\[h je ki[ j^[ 9^_d[i[dWc[m^[dj^[ocWa[h[\[h[dY[jej^[XhWdZ$J^_im_bb\WY_b_jWj[Yecckd_YWj_ediWXekjj^[XhWdZWdZcWa[_j ceh[WYY[ii_Xb[$?Z_ZWb_jjb[j[ijWdZbeea[Z\eh_d\ehcWj_ededjme_dj[hdWj_edWbYeic[j_YiXhWdZiB¼EhWbWdZ;ij[ BWkZ[hed8W_Zk"j^[b[WZ_d]9^_d[i[i[WhY^[d]_d[$J^[h[ikbjiX[bemi^emYb[Whboj^Wjj^[9^_d[i[dWc[_ickY^ ceh[ki[Zj^Wdj^[eh_]_dWbXoYedikc[hi$º I;7H9> H xIKBJI B¼EHx7B ).-&&&& 㫏卙晭#EKB 7?O7 +*)&&&&& ; IJx;B 7K:;H -*,&&&& 晭孿℘溃#O7I>?B 7D:7? *&*&&&&& M^WjWh[j^[a[ofe_djijejWa[_djeWYYekdj"ehedj^[YedjhWho"jeWle_Z5 7]eeZ9^_d[i[dWc["\ehWXhWdZ"ckijc[[jj^[\ebbem_d]Yh_j[h_W0 'X[[Wiojeh[WZWdZfb[WiWdjiekdZ_d]" (h[Å[Yjj^[c[iiW][e\j^[Yehh[ifedZ_d]XhWdZ" )X[WZWfj[Zjej^[9^_d[i[cWha[j"\hecj^[YkbjkhWbWdZb_d]k_ij_Yfe_dje\l_[m" *X[WXb[jeX[h[]_ij[h[Z" +X[m[bbWYY[fj[ZXoj^[Yedikc[hijWh][j[Z$ Photos D.R. 3 J^[dWc[fheXb[c