LE GALL Maud (Equipe BADO)

ED BIO SORBONNE PARIS CITE
Proposition de sujet de thèse à l’appui d’une demande de contrat doctoral 2016-2017
Renseignements relatifs à l’Unité de Recherche :
Label et intitulé : Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, UMRS 1149
Nom et prénom du Directeur : MONTEIRO Renato
Téléphone :
01 57 27 77 55
Télécopie : 01 57 27 74 71
Courriel: [email protected]
Renseignements relatifs à l’Equipe :
Nom de l’Equipe d’Accueil : Bariatric Surgery, Alimentary Disease, and Obesity
Nom et prénom du responsable : André BADO
Qualité du responsable : DR2 Inserm
Téléphone :
01 57 27 74 60
Télécopie : 01 57 27 74 71
Courriel : [email protected]
Renseignements relatifs au sujet de thèse :
Nom et prénom du Directeur de thèse (HDR) : LE GALL Maude
Qualité : CR1 Inserm
Téléphone :
01 57 27 74 59
Télécopie : 01 57 27 74 71
Courriel : [email protected]
Titre du sujet proposé :
(En français) Absorption des nutriments après chirurgie bariatrique : mécanismes de l’adaptation
intestinale et métabolique
(En anglais) Bariatric surgery procedures and nutrient absorption: mechanisms of intestinal and
metabolic adaptations
Département (cocher le département correspondant au sujet de thèse qui n’est pas obligatoirement le
vôtre) :
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Biologie Cellulaire et moléculaire, Physiologie et Physiopathologie
Immunologie
Développement Génétique Neurobiologie et Vieillissement
Infectiologie, Microbiologie
Summary (5 lines maximum) :
Today, the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity that leads to a rapid and sustained
loss in body weight and resolution of associated diabetes is bariatric surgery. All bariatric
surgery remodeled the gastro-intestinal tract. The objectives of the thesis are to decipher the
molecular and cellular mechanisms of intestinal adaptation after bariatric surgery and their
contribution to maintained weight loss and diabetes resolution using rat models of surgery.
Proposition de sujet de thèse à l’appui d’une demande de contrat doctoral 2016-2017
(L’ensemble de cette fiche ne doit pas dépasser 1 page)
Nom, prénom du directeur de l'unité de recherche : MONTEIRO Renato
Numéro de l'unité de recherche (et établissement de rattachement) : UMRS1149
Nom, prénom du responsable de l'équipe d'accueil (EAD) : André BADO
Nom, prénom du directeur de thèse : Maude LE GALL
Titre du sujet de thèse proposé(en anglais) : Bariatric surgery procedures and nutrient absorption :
mechanisms of intestinal and metabolic adaptations
5 mots clés : obésité, transporteurs intestinaux des nutriments, plasticité entéro-endocrine et neuronale
(key words): obesity, intestinal transporters of nutrients, entero-endocrine and neuronal plasticity
Candidat pressenti :
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OUI
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NON
Contenu scientifique du programme de la thèse (en anglais)
The overall rise in obesity is to a large degree responsible for the increased incidence of
diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus. Today, the most effective treatment option that leads to a
rapid and sustained loss in body weight is bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
(RYGB). Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is another frequently used bariatric procedure.
Despite the very different surgical approach, RYGB and VSG are associated with similar
hormonal changes. A third bariatric surgery procedure is the so-called mini-gastric bypass
(MGB) which has been introduced approx. 20 years ago. Because it is technically less
challenging, this technique is used more and more often, in particular in non-academic surgical
centers. Surprisingly little research has been performed to study the underlying mechanisms
that lead to body weight loss and diabetes remission after MGB.
Since the last 3 years, we have successfully developed rat models of bariatric surgery (Theses
of K Arapis (digestive Surgeon) and JB Cavin (scientist)) to decipher the molecular mechanisms
underlying their benefic effects. We have explored sugar handling after RYGB and VSG but not
MGB yet. The handling of lipids and protein by the remodeled intestine is still to be explored.
Currently, PhD Student L Ribeiro (digestive Surgeon) is exploring the remodeling of enteric
nervous system (ENS) after surgery and its contribution to maintained weight loss.
Thesis project aims at clarifying the underlying mechanisms that lead to weight loss after
MGB, and to compare these effects directly to the RYGB and VSG procedures. The PhD
candidate will study protein and lipid absorption by the remodeled intestine after the different
surgeries. The PhD candidate will also continue to explore the mechanisms of sugar handling
after bariatric surgeries, in particular after MGB. In part of the experiments, he will specifically
examine contribution of the small intestinal mucosal hypertrophy to the effectiveness of RYGB
and MGB in relation to nutrient absorption, intestinal endocrine functions, feeding behavior and
remodeling of the ENS. The experiments will be performed using rat models of RYGB, VSG and
MGB that are established in our laboratories.
Indiquez les cinq meilleures publications récentes de l’équipe :
Michau, A. *, Guillemain, G. *,…, Le Gall, M. (2013). Mutations in SLC2A2 gene reveal hGLUT2 function in pancreatic β
cell development. J. Biol. Chem. 288, 31080–31092.
Tavernier, A., Cavin, J.-B., Le Gall, M., …, Bado, A. (2014). Intestinal deletion of leptin signaling alters activity of nutrient
transporters and delayed the onset of obesity in mice. FASEB J. 28, 4100–4110.
Le Beyec, J., ...., Le Gall, M., Bado, A. (2014). Overexpression of gastric leptin precedes adipocyte leptin during high-fat diet
and is linked to 5HT-containing enterochromaffin cells. Int. J. Obes. 38, 1357–1364.
Arapis, K.*, Cavin, J.B.*, Gillard, L.,…, Le Gall, M., Bado, A. (2015). Remodeling of the Residual Gastric Mucosa after
Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass or Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. PLoS ONE 10, e0121414.
Cavin, J.-B., …., Bado, A., Le Gall, M. (2016). Differences in Alimentary Glucose Absorption and Intestinal Disposal of Blood
Glucose Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy. Gastroenterology 150(2):454-464