IPA 5144 - Saint Paul University
Transcription
IPA 5144 - Saint Paul University
IPA 5144 – Spirituality and Counselling Yahweh, the God of Jesus Christ, Allah, the Divine within the three monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Prof. Ramón Martínez de Pisón, Ph.D.(Th.), Psy.D. Description: This course presents human experience as the common bond linking spirituality and counselling. It is here that we find the root and source of the overall question of transcendence. A variety of approaches in spirituality and in counselling will be studied. At the same time, the course deals with the different expressions of faith in God within the three monotheistic religions, the relationship between the stages of moral (human) development and the images of God, the limited visions of spirituality and counselling, the dialogue between spirituality and psychology and, finally, how psychology helps make the difference between an unhealthy spirituality, one that reduces or even eliminates freedom, autonomy, and human responsibility, and a healthy one that enriches us personally and socially in our growth and development. Hermeneutical Presuppositions: As persons, each and every one of us is a “being with.” This “being with” belongs to and, in a sense, constitutes our very nature. As persons we are not simply thrown into the world, but “are connected” to reality, to others, to nature and to that which is transcendent. The “other” reveals to us our own humanity. Others are the mirror in which we recognize our own humanity. For us, to discover the other as other and not as the projection of our own needs comes about through true human development and is the result of it. Only when we recognize the other as other can we really reach emotional maturity. We mature when we become other-centred, what we might call becoming exocentric in our focus and purpose. By leaving behind and abandoning narcissistic relationships, ones in which we focus excessively on ourselves, we can achieve true human and personal fulfillment. It is in this very relational dimension of our being, as persons in search of meaning and final significance, that we find the root and source of the overall question of transcendence. In fact, this question of transcendence becomes of utmost importance for us as human beings. We will argue that the transcendent Other 2 3) To take into consideration different expressions of faith in God within Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In order to do so, we have a) to recognize that not any particular spiritual/religious tradition or any theological reflection may put forward an exclusive claim toward “possessing” God; b) to see God, the spiritual/religious dimension, within the wider perspective of interfaith dialogue. 4) To examine the relationship between the stages of moral (human) development and the various corresponding images of God. Our examination will include reference to various cultural and religious notions touching on essential dimensions of life. These notions will include, especially, those of sexual orientation, love and sexuality, sin and evil, suicide, memory, forgiveness and reconciliation, illness, suffering, death and thereafter. 5) To take a critical look at a spirituality/religion which neglects human experience and critique a conception of counselling (psychology) which tends to be limited in its view of otherness and which too easily adopts an individualistic vision of the person, personal achievement, the meaning of life, and spirituality in general. In fact, it is a question of showing how a) counselling brings to spirituality/religion a concern for the “beauty” and the “kindness” of creation (see Genesis 1:31a). Our reference to counselling will help us see that it enhances our awareness of the value of concrete life, thus leading to the full achievement of what it means to be human and to the development of an authentic personal spirituality; b) spirituality/religion sensitizes counselling to the importance of our being open to others, to nature and to the transcendent, namely in our context, to God. We will see that human growth becomes a key and a regal way leading to authentic spiritual experience and to an encounter with God. Far from limiting personal growth and development, the “human experience of the divine” widens our horizon of intelligibility and meaning. 6) To see how counselling (psychology) helps make the difference between what we could call a “pathological” spirituality, namely, one that reduces or even eliminates freedom, autonomy, and human responsibility and a “healthy” spirituality enriches us personally and socially in our growth and development. Format of the Course: Each session will begin 1) with a presentation of the professor regarding the chapters of the course according the Syllabus; 2) followed by small group discussion. At the end, each group will share a summary of its discussion with all the class. This discussion will be based on the professor’s presentation, on the mandatory readings, on the questions at the end of each chapter, and on the experience of the students. 3 Workload and Evaluation: 1. Mandatory readings and in-class participation: 50%. To enrich the inclass participation, mandatory readings are assigned for each of the six chapters and the conclusion of the course. Each section will be evaluate as follows: a. Two (2) take home assignments in the form of a short reflection (500 ‒ 800 words or 2 to 3 double spaced pages) at the end of the third and sixth chapters. Each assignment represents 20% of the final grade (the two represent 40%). Students will answer one of the three questions (reflections) provided for each assignment. These questions (reflections) will be based on the mandatory readings, on the content of the chapters and on the presentation by the professor in class. Students will have until the beginning of the following class to hand in their assignments. Each assignment will be evaluated on the understanding and integration (synthesis) of the concepts. Late work is penalized by 10% per day. The only acceptable reasons for extending the deadline are documented medical condition or bereavement (computer failures, forgetting, and love troubles are unfortunately not acceptable reasons). b. In-class participation: 10%. Participation reflects students’ knowledge of the contents of the required readings for the particular session (chapter) and their willingness and ability to enter into respectful discussion and dialogue with other students and the professor. Grading is by each student (self-grading) with the professor. 2. Small groups’ papers and presentation: 50%. a. Each paper represents 40% of the final grade. Small groups of students, three (3) or maximum of four (4) will be assigned by the professor at the beginning of the course. Each group is expected, on the basis of the course content, to select a research topic for its development and presentation. All papers should address the following: a summary of the most important questions in the area; its implication for spirituality and counseling; its application for psychotherapy. All topic choices are subject to final approval by the professor. Students will receive individual grades based on the written part of their individual contribution to the paper. The length of the paper will be 16 to 20 (maximum, excluding references) double spaced pages. It will be submitted before its presentation in class, namely, before the last two three-hour classes. Late work is penalized by 10% per day. The only acceptable reasons for extending the deadline are documented medical condition or bereavement 4 (computer failures, forgetting, and love troubles are unfortunately not acceptable reasons). b. Each group will present a PowerPoint of their topic and key findings. All presentations should address the same items that appear in the paper, namely, a summary of the most important questions in the area; its implication for spirituality and counseling; its application for psychotherapy. This presentation will be evaluated taking into consideration its quality and its content following the items previously indicated. This PowerPoint presentation will account for 10% of the final grade. Students of each group will receive a common grade for the presentation. The last two three-hour classes will be allocated for these presentations. Administrative Information: 1) Students may not be absent from more than 20% of the classes. 2) Persons with special needs are asked to get in touch at the beginning of the session with Mrs. Francine Quesnel (Office 161). 3) Read the document on academic fraud; sign and return to the professor the form. Syllabus of the Course: Introduction Chapter 1. Human Experience as the Link between Spirituality and Counselling 1. 2. 3. 4. Holistic Conception of the Person Being of Alterity Being in Search of Meaning and Finality An Experience Rooted in Nature and Culture Questions for class discussion: a) Do you believe that Western society, with its insistence on individual performance and competition, promotes a holistic conception of the person? How can you help your clients to live a more integrated life? b) Do you think that today’s people ask themselves questions regarding the meaning and finality of life? How to recognize if people live a life that “has meaning”? Can we speak of the meaning of life without believing that life has also a finality? c) Can we speak of human experience in a generalized way, that is, without taking into account nature and cultural differences? What this means for your work as therapists? 5 Mandatory readings: Jones, J. W. (1995). In the middle of this road we call our life: The courage to search for something more. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco (Phycology/Spirituality), 122. Martin, M. K., & Martínez de Pisón, R. (2005). From knowledge to wisdom: A new challenge to the educational milieu with implications for religious education. Religious Education, 100(2), 157-173. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2009). God: From knowing to experiencing. Toronto: Novalis Publishing Inc., 17-24, 89-90, 120-122, 141-142. Selected bibliography: Barry, W. (2004). Spiritual direction and the encounter with God: A theological enquiry (Rev. ed.). New York: Paulist Press, 20-29. Clarke, W. N. (1981). The Natural Roots of Religious Experience. Religious Studies, 17, 512-514. Cote, R. G. (1996). Re-visioning mission: The Catholic Church and culture in postmodern America. New York/Mahwah: Paulist Press (Isaac Hecker Studies in Religion and American Culture), 123-139. Fowler, J. W. (1981). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. New York: Harper & Row, 3-36. Geffré, C. (1983). Le christianisme au risqué de l’interprétation. Paris: Éd. du Cerf (Cogitatio Fidei, 120). Gormly, A. V., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1993). Lifespan human development (5th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 6-7. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1997a). Création et liberté: Essai d’anthropologie chrétienne, Montréal: Médiaspaul (Brèches théologiques, 25), 114-119, 162-168. Martínez de Pisón, (1997b). The religion of life: The spirituality of Maurice Zundel, Sherbrooke: Médiaspaul, 97-117. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2006). Death by despair: Shame and suicide. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. (American University Studies. Series VII: Theology and Religion, 245), 99-101. O’Collins, G. (1977). Theology and Experience. The Irish Theological Quartely, 44, 279290. Peelman, A. (1989 [©1988]). L’inculturation: L’Église et les cultures. Ottawa/Paris: Novalis/Desclée (L’horizon du croyant, 8), 41-56. Petit, J. C. (1983). Théologie et expérience. In É. J. Lacelle & T. R. Potvin (Eds.), L’expérience comme lieu théologique: Discussions actuelles (pp. 13-30). Montreal: Fides (Héritage et Projet, 26), 1983. Schillebeeckx, E. (1990 [©1980]. The Experience of Jesus as Lord (J. Bowden, Trans.). New York: Crossroad. Van Roo, W. A. (1985). Experience and Theology. Gregorianum, LXVI(4), 611-640. 6 Chapter 2. Variety of Approaches in Spirituality and in Counselling 1. Spiritualities and Methods in Spirituality 2. Theories and Methods in Counselling 3. The Importance of Interdisciplinarity in both Spirituality and Counselling Questions for class discussion: a) What is the relevance of hermeneutical presuppositions for both Spirituality and Counselling? How these hermeneutical presuppositions influence the practice of therapy? b) Do you believe that we have overcome chauvinism, that is, the ideological bias both in Spirituality and in Counselling? How these ideological biases affect, negatively, the practice of therapy? c) In what sense is interdisciplinarity a sine qua non condition for the practice of Counselling? Mandatory readings: Perrin, D. B. (2007). Studying Christian Spirituality. New York: Routledge, 35-44, 5455. Woody, R. H., Hansen, J. C., & Rossberg, R. H. (1989). Counseling psychology: Strategies and services. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 32-54. Selected bibliography: Basseches, M. (2003). Adult development and the practice of psychotherapy. In J. Demick & C. Adreoletti (Eds.), Handbook of Adult Development (pp. 533-563). New York/Boston/Dordrecht/London, England/Moscow: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Boff, L. (1985). Church: Charism and power: Liberation theology and institutional Church (J. W. Diercksmmeier, Trans.). New York: Crossroad, 12-21. Bouchard, S., Gingras, M. [avec la collaboration de] Morin, P. C. (2007). Introduction aux théories de la personnalité (3e éd.). Montréal: Gaëtan Morin Éditeur, 1-12, 1516, 131-132, 197, 235-238, 273-292. Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (6th ed.). Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Corey, G. (2005). Student manual: Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (7th ed.). Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Gormly, A. V., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1993). Lifespan human development (5th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 10-43. International Theological Commission (2012). Theology today: Perspectives, principles and criteria. Origins, 41(40), 655-657. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Evolutionary psychology: An emerging new foundation for the psychology of religion. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the 7 psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 114-116). New York/London, England: Guilford Press. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2007). Life beyond death: The eschatological dimension of Christian faith. Ottawa: Novalis, 83-91. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2010). Quand je dis « je crois en Dieu », qui est ce « je » qui exprime sa foi?: De l’« être réel » à l’« être possible » chez Maurice Zundel. Counseling et spiritualité, 29(1), 33-46. Ménard, C. (1978). Le théologien et l’interdisciplinarité. Laval théologique et philosophique, 34(3), 305-312. Renaud, G. (1998). Autour de la question de Dieu: l’interdisciplinarité!? Théologiques, 6(2), 7-24. Chapter 3. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam 1. One God, Three Faith Expressions 2. No One Can “Possess” God 3. Religious and Spiritual Pluralism: The Challenges of Interfaith Dialogue Questions for class discussion: a) Do you think that monotheistic religions (and religion in general) have a future? If so, in what sense? b) Why do you think that humans have always had the tendency to “possess” the Divine? c) In what sense does interfaith dialogue question our religious and spiritual certitudes? Mandatory readings: Mooren, T. (2004). September 11th 2001 and the future of monotheistic religions. MST Review, 6(1), 38-72. Selected bibliograpy: Blée, F. (2007). Pour une communauté ecclésiale ouverte sur le monde: L’Église au risque du dialogue interreligieux. In M. Dumais & J. Richard (Eds.), Église et communauté (263-283). Montréal: Fides (Héritage et projet, 73). Boff, L. (1985). Church: Charism and power: Liberation theology and institutional Church (J. W. Diercksmmeier, Trans.). New York: Crossroad, 1-11. Duquoc, C. (1974). Yes to Jesus‒No to God and the Church. Concilium, 3(10), 17-30 Firestone, R. (2008). Who are the real chosen people?: The meaning of chosenness in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Woodstock, VT: SkyLight Paths Pub. (The Center for Religious Inquiry Series). Frankl, G. (2005). The three faces of monotheism: Judaism, Christianity, Islam. London, England : Open Gate. Lécrivain, P. (1990). Quand l’Église change de visage: Son histoire fait-elle écran ou signe? Christus, 145, 8-16. 8 Liepert, D. (2010). Muslim, Christian, and Jew: Finding a path to peace our faiths can share. Toronto: Faith of Life. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1992). “Il nous faut changer de Dieu”: La réforme de l’Église selon Maurice Zundel. Église et théologie, 23(1), 31-47. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1994). La dialectique de la foi aujourd’hui: Entre la subjectivité “sauvage” et le traditionalisme “intégriste”. Église et théologie, 25(3), 417-422. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1996). La fragilité de Dieu selon Maurice Zundel: Du Dieu du Moyen-Âge au Dieu de Jésus-Christ. Montréal: Bellarmin (Recherches. Nouvelle série, 32), 48-56. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2002). Du regard à la contemplation: Itinéraire de la vie dans l’Ésprit. Montréal: Médiaspaul (Brèches théologiques, 38), 20-25, 113-124. Neusner, J., Chilton, B., & Graham, W. (2002). Three faiths, one God: The formative faith and practice of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Boston/Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, Inc., 1-35. Parent, R. (1987). Une Église de baptisés: Pour surmonter l’opposition clercs/laïcs. Montréal/Paris: Paulines/Éd. du Cerf (Brèches théologiques, 1), 141-174. Peelman, A. (2007). Les nouveaux défis de l’inculturation. Ottawa/Bruxelles: Novalis/Lumen Vitae, 133-175. Pottmeyer, H. (1992). The traditionalist temptation of the contemporary Church. America, 168(5), 100-104. Vernon, M. (2012, April 21). Why religion is good for you. The Tablet, 4-5. Chapter 4. Stages of Moral (Human) Development and Images of God 1. 2. 3. 4. The Theory of Guy Durand on Moral Development A Process Influenced by Nature, Culture, and Gender Educating versus Moral Indoctrination Cultural and Religious Notions Touching on Essential Dimensions of Life 4.1. Sexual Orientation 4.2. Love and Sexuality 4.3. Sin and Evil 4.4. Suicide 4.5. Memory, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation 4.6. Illness, Suffering, Death, and Thereafter Questions for class discussion: a) Do you think that we can speak about God without taking into consideration the stages of moral (human) development? How these stages influence the therapeutic practice? b) In what sense has patriarchal ideology influenced lifespan development ‒ particularly the development of women, and the images of God? How therapy can help women to overcome this ideology? c) Do you think that it can be said today that illness, suffering and death are the result of an “original sin,” i.e. a sin at the origin of humanity? How to help a 9 mother who arrives to you in counselling thinking that her baby who has just died without being baptized is, perhaps, not saved? Mandatory readings: Larchet, J. C. (1998). Illness, suffering and death as related to ancestral sin. Concilium, 5, 49-57. Martin, M. K. (2003). The self of young women and language for God: A challenge for religious educators. Theoforum, 34(1), 69-87. Martínez de Pisón (2002). Sin and Evil (R. R. Cooper, Trans.). Sherbrooke: Médiaspaul, 50-56. Selected bibliography: Armistead, M. K. (1995). God-images in the healing process. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, ix-xviii, 17-26, 36-51, 86-87, 93-103, 115-127. Balthazar, P. M. (2007). How Anger Toward Absentee Fathers May Make it Difficult to Call God “Father”. Pastoral Psychology, 55(5), 543-549. Basseches, M. (2003). Adult development and the practice of psychotherapy. In J. Demick & C. Adreoletti (Eds.), Handbook of Adult Development (pp. 533-563). New York/Boston/Dordrecht/London, England/Moscow: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Boulnois, O. (1999). Heureux ceux qui souffent ?: Le christianisme devant la douleur. Communio, XXIV(3), 85-195. Craig, G. J. (1986). Human development (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: PrenticenHall. Denys, J. G. (1997). Self-C.A.R.E. and the social construction of personal reality. Pastoral Sciences, 16, 49-51. Durand, G. (1986). Culpabilité et péché. In A. Mettayer & J. Doyon (Eds.), Culpabilité et péché: Études anthropologiques, théologiques et pastorales (pp. 209-230). Montréal: Fides (Héritage et projet, 33). Fowler, J. W. (1981). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. New York: Harper & Row, 37-305. Gormly, A. V., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1993). Lifespan human development (5th eds.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, vii, 3-7. Guindon, A. (1989). Le développement moral. Ottawa/Paris: Novalis/Desclée (L’horizon du croyant, 9). Heller, D. I. (1986). The children’s God. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 94104. Kane, D., Cheston, S. E., & Greer, J. (1993). Perceptions of God by survivors of childhood sexual abuse: An exploratory study in an underresearched area. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 21(3), 228-231, 235-236. Kegan, R. (1982). The evolving self: Problem and process in human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1997). Création et liberté: Essai d’anthropologie chrétienne, Montréal: Médiaspaul (Brèches théologiques, 25), 105-108. 10 Martínez de Pisón, R. (1998). Croissance personnelle et expérience de Dieu. Sciences pastorales, 17, 97-119. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2002). From fear to freedom: Toward spiritual wholeness. Pastoral Sciences, 21(1), 19-39. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2006). Death by despair: Shame and suicide. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. (American University Studies. Series VII: Theology and Religion, 245), 50-53. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2007). Life beyond death: The eschatological dimension of Christian faith. Ottawa: Novalis, 105-260. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2008). Savoir aprivoiser la mort: Angoisse et plénitude de vie. Counseling et spiritualité, 27(1), 89-105. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2009). God: From knowing to experiencing. Toronto: Novalis Publishing Inc., 85-97. Mickens, R. (2012, April 28). Letter from Rome. The Tablet, p. 30. Monbourquette, J. (1999). La souffrance a le sens qu’on lui donne. Nouveau dialogue, 123, 3-5. Monbourquette, J. (2007 [©2000]). How to forgive: A step-by-step guide (K. Poor & G. Gasslein, Trans.). Ottawa: Novalis, 24-25, 31-43, 179-190. Nydam, R. (1992). Adoption and the image of God. The Journal of Pastoral Care, 46(3), 256-260. Preston, C. A., & Viney, L. L. (1986). Construing God: An exploration of the relationships between reported interaction with God and concurrent emotional experience. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 14 (4), 320, 325-328. Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Schweitzer, F. (2004). The postmodern life cycle: Challenges for church and theology. St. Louis: Chalice Press. Stages of life and Christian experience (2007). Concilium, 5, the whole thematic issue. Stucky-Abbott, L. (1993). The impact of male God imagery on female identity meaning. The Journal of Pastoral Care, 47, 240-251. VandeCreek, L., & Moltram, K. (2011). The perceived roles of God during suicide bereavement. Journal of Psychology & Theology, 339(2), 155-162. Chapter 5. The Unavoidable Dialogue between Spirituality and Psychology 1. Limited Views of Spirituality and of Counselling 2. A Spirituality Rooted in Life 3. A Counselling Sensitized to the Importance of Otherness, of Nature, and of God Questions for class discussion: a) Can spirituality/religion ignore human experience? b) Do you think that the “spiritual gurus” are substituting today for priests and psychologists/counsellors? c) How do you think that worldviews and hermeneutical presuppositions contributed to the “divorce” between spirituality (religion) and psychology? 11 Mandatory readings: Griffith, J. L. (2010). Religion that heals, religion that harms: A guide for clinical practice. New York, NY/London, UK: The Guilford Press (Psychology), 56-80. Perrin, D. B. (2007). The uneasy relationship between Christian spirituality and the human sciences: Psychology as a test case. Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality, 7(2), 169-192. Selected bibliography: Anderson, R. S. (1995). Part one: Becoming an empowered person. In R. S. Anderson, Self-care: A theology of personal empowerment and spiritual healing (pp. 11117). Wheaton: A BridgePoint Book. Bergin, A. (1980). Psychotherapy and religious values. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 95-105. Browning, D. (1997). Can psychology escape religion?: Should it? The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 7(1), 1-12. Denys, J. G., & Fortin, G. (1996). La variable religieuse en counselling et l’emprise sur l’existence. Sciences pastorales, 15, 131-142. Farley, Y. R. (2007). Making the connection: Spirituality, trauma and resiliency. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work, 26(1), 1-15. James, W. A. (1961). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. New York/London, England: Collier Books/Collier MacMillan Publishers (Psychology/Religion), 160-210. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2002). Les spiritualités comme quêtes de sens: Vers un dialogue entre théologie et psychologie. In M. Beaudin, A. Fortin, & R. Martínez de Pisón, Des théologies en mutation: parcours et trajectoires (pp. 203-223). Montréal: Fides (Héritage et projet, 65). Martínez de Pisón, R. (2009). God: From knowing to experiencing. Toronto: Novalis Publishing Inc., 85-97, 141-144. Chapitre 6. The Verification of Spiritual (Religious) Experience by Psychology 1. The Danger of Religious Fundamentalism 2. The Dual Face of Spirituality (Religion) 3. A Spirituality Grounded in the Fullness of Life Questions for class discussion: a) Do you think that it is easy to verify the healthiness and/or unhealthiness of spiritual (religious) experiences from a psychological perspective? b) What are the criteria that you will use in this process? c) Why religious tolerance is an essential condition for living in peace? 12 Mandatory readings: Boff, L. (2006). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and the future of humanity (A. Guilherme, Trans. and Notes). London, England: SPCK, 3-21 Cote, R. G. (1992) God sings in the night: Ambiguity as an invitation to believe. Concilium, 4, 95-105. Griffith, J. L. (2010). Religion that heals, religion that harms: A guide for clinical practice. New York, NY/London, UK: The Guilford Press (Psychology), 1-12. Selected bibliography: Bousquet, F. (2009). Pour une Église qui fasse signe en Europe. Esprit & Vie, 211, 34-43. Ellens, J. H. (2004). Fundamentalism, orthodoxy, and violence. In J. H. Ellens (Ed.). The destructive power of religion: Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (Vol. 4: Contemporary views on spirituality and violence), (pp. 119-142). Westport, Connecticut, London, England: Praeger (Contemporary Psychology). Gómez, L. O. (2001). When is religion a mental disorder?: The disease of ritual. In D. Jonte-Pace & W. B. Parsons (Eds.), Religion and psychology: Mapping the terrain: Contemporary dialogues, future prospects (pp. 202-225). London, England/New York: Routledge. Griffith, J. L. (2010). Religion that heals, religion that harms: A guide for clinical practice. New York, NY/London, UK: The Guilford Press (Psychology). Khader, J. (2007). Opportunities and threats for religions in conflict and violence: How (not) to use the name of God. In J. Haers, N. Hintersteiner, & G. De Schrijver (Eds.), Postcolonial Europe in the crucible of cultures: Reckoning with God in a world of conflicts (pp. 141-161). Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi. Kurtz, P. (1988). The growth of fundamentalism worldwide. In Academy of Humanism, Neo-fundamentalism: The humanist response (p. 11). Buffalo: Prometheus Books. Lawrence, B. B. (1989). Defenders of God: The fundamentalist revolt against the Modern Age. San Francisco: Harper and Row Publisher, 90, 100. Loewenthal, K. M. (2000). The psychology of religion: A short introduction. Oxford, England: Oneworld, 101-113. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1994). La dialectique de la foi aujourd’hui: Entre la subjectivité “sauvage” et le traditionalisme “intégriste”. Église et théologie, 25(3), 405-423. Martínez de Pisón, R. (1997). The religion of life: The spirituality of Maurice Zundel. Sherbrooke: Médiaspaul, 97-117. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2008). Dieu est unique mais non solitaire: Vie trinitaire et transformation humaine. Montréal: Médiaspaul (Brèches théologiques, 43), 2434. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2009). God: From knowing to experiencing. Novalis Publishing Inc., 86-90, 104-113, 140-142, 146-148. Spilka, B., Hood, R. W., Jr., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (2003). The psychology of religion: An empirical Approach. New York/London, England: Guilford Press, 507-534. 13 Conclusion: Difference between the Personal and the Private in Spirituality (Religion) Questions for class discussion: Does spirituality (religion) have a public, even political, role? Does spirituality (religion) have anything to say to society or, rather, it is simply a private matter? Mandatory readings: Clarke, C. (2012, January 28). Faith cannot be brushed under the carpet – its relationship with politics has to be considered. The Tablet, 6-7. Taylor, C. (2011). Religion is not the problem: Secularism & democracy. Commonweal, CXXXVIII(4), 17-21. Woodhead, L. (2012, January 28). Restoring religion to the public square. The Tablet, 67. Selected bibliography: Bégin, B. (2004). Croissance spirituelle et engagement social: Une complémentarité. In M. Dumas & F. Nault (Eds.), Pluralisme religieux et quêtes spirituelle: Incidences théologiques (pp. 77-100). Montréal: Fides (Héritage et projet), 67). Martínez de Pisón, R. (2009). God: From knowing to experiencing. Toronto: Novalis Publishing Inc., 22-24, 177. Martínez de Pisón, R. (2010). Quand je dis “je crois en Dieu,” qui est ce “je” qui exprime sa foi?: De l’“être réel” à l’“être possible” chez Maurice Zundel. Counseling et spiritualité, 29(1), 33-46. Bibliography: (® = Books placed at the reservation section of the Library) Anderson, R.S. (1995). Self-care: A theology of personal empowerment and spiritual healing. Wheaton: A BridgePoint Book. Armistead, M. K. (1995). God-images in the healing process. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. ®Barry, W. (2004). Spiritual direction and the encounter with God: A theological enquiry (Rev. ed.). New York: Paulist Press. [BQT 2236 B27S65 2004] ®Boff, L. (1985). Church: Charism and power: Liberation theology and institutional Church (J. W. Diercksmeier, Trans.). New York: Crossroad. [BQT 310 B64I47D5 1985] ®Boff, L. (2006). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and the future of humanity (A. Guilherme, Trans. and Notes). London, England: SPCK. [BL 238 B64F85E5 2006] 14 Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (6th ed.). Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Corey, G. (2005). Student manual: Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (7th ed.), Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. ®Craig, G. J. (1986). Human development (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: PrenticenHall. [BF 713 C72H85 1986] ®Firestone, R. (2008). Who are the real chosen people?: The meaning of chosenness in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Woodstock, VT: SkyLight Paths Pub. (The Center for Religious Inquiry Series). [BL 476 F57 2008] ®Fowler, J. W. (1981). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. New York: Harper & Row. [BQT 1781 F68S83 1981] ®Frankl, G. (2005). The three faces of monotheism: Judaism, Christianity, Islam. London, England: Open Gate,. [BL 221 F72T47 2005] Gormly, A. V., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1993). Lifespan human development (5th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Griffith, J. L. (2010). Religion that heals, religion that harms: A guide for clinical practice. New York, NY/London, UK: The Guilford Press (Psychology). Guindon, A. (1986). The sexual creators: An ethical proposal for concerned Christians. Lanham/New York/London, England: University Press of America. [BQT 1932 G85S48 1986 Copy-1] Guindon, A. (1989). Le développement moral. Ottawa/Paris: Novalis/Desclée (L’horizon du croyant, 9). [BQT 184 H67 1988-9] ®Heller, D. I. (1986). The children’s God. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. [BF 723 G63H45C4 1986] James, W. A. (1961). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. New York/London, England: Collier Books/Collier MacMillan Publishers (Psychology/Religion). Jones, J. W. (1995). In the middle of this road we call our life: The courage to search for something more. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco (Pschycology/Spirituality). Kegan, R. (1982). The evolving self: Problem and process in human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. [BF 713 K44E86 1982] 15 ®Liepert, D. (2010). Muslim, Christian, and Jew: Finding a path to peace our faiths can share. Toronto: Faith of Life. [BP 171 L54 2010] ®Martínez de Pisón, R. (1997a). Création et liberté : Essai d’anthropologie chrétienne, Montréal : Médiaspaul (Brèches théologiques, 25). [BQT 618 M27C74 1997] ®Martínez de Pisón, (1997b). The religion of life: The spirituality of Maurice Zundel, Sherbrooke: Médiaspaul. [BQ 7499 U53Z6M27R4 1997 COPY - 1] ®Martínez de Pisón (2002). Sin and Evil (R. R. Cooper, Trans.). Sherbrooke: Médiaspaul. [BQT 1803 M27P43E5 2002] ®Martínez de Pisón, R. (2006). Death by despair: Shame and suicide. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. (American University Studies. Series VII: Theology and Religion, 245). [BQT 4 A486U55 1984- 245] ®Martínez de Pisón, R. (2007). Life beyond death: The eschatological dimension of Christian faith. Ottawa: Novalis. [BQT 1506.2 M27A83E5 2007] ®Martínez de Pisón, R. (2009). God: From knowing to experiencing. Toronto: Novalis Publishing Inc. [BQT 2471 M27G63 2009] Mettayer, A., & Doyon, J. (Eds.). (1986). Culpabilité et péché: Études anthropologiques, théologiques et pastorales. Montréal: Fides (Héritage et projet, 33). [BQT 4 H47P76 1973- 33] ®Monbourquette, J. (2007 [©2000]). How to forgive: A step-by-step guide (K. Poor & G. Gasslein, Trans.). Ottawa: Novalis. [BQT 1786 F6M65C6E5 2000] ®Neusner, J., Chilton, B., & Graham, W. (2002).Three faiths, one God: The formative faith and practice of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Boston/Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, Inc. [BL 221 N48T47 2002] ®Paloutzian, R. F., & Park, C. L. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality. New York/London, England: Guilford Press. [BL 53 H25P25 2005] Peelman, A. (1989 [©1988]). L’inculturation: L’Église et les cultures. Ottawa/Paris: Novalis/Desclée (L’horizon du croyant, 8), 41-56. [BQT 184 H67 1988 – 8] Peelman, A. (2007). Les nouveaux défis de l’inculturation. Ottawa/Bruxelles: Novalis/Lumen Vitae. [BQT 3229 C8P44N6 2007 EX.1] ®Perrin, D. B. (2007). Studying Christian Spirituality. New York: Routledge. [BQT 2188.2 P47S88 2007] 16 ®Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. [RC 506 R59B57 1979] Schillebeeckx, E. (1990 [©1980]. The Experience of Jesus as Lord (J. Bowden, Trans.). New York: Crossroad. [BQ 7473 C43G47B6 1990] ®Schweitzer, F. (2004). The postmodern life cycle: Challenges for church and theology. St. Louis: Chalice Press. [BV 4012.20 L54S38P68 2004] ®Woody, R. H., Hansen, J. C., & Rossberg, R. H. (1989). Counseling psychology: Strategies and services. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. [BF 637 C6W66C6 1989]